专题08 阅读理解之议论文10篇——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（人教版2019）

这是一份专题08 阅读理解之议论文10篇——2022-2023学年高一英语下学期期末专题冲刺复习（人教版2019），共23页。
人教版（2019）高一英语下学期期末复习 查缺补漏冲刺满分
(名校最新期末真题)
专题08 阅读理解之议论文10篇
（2022春·重庆·高一西南大学附中校考期末）Social media is taking over our lives: Facebook, Instagram, Twitter and now, TikTok. These social media platforms have changed from a way to stay connected to an industry where even kids can make money off their posts. While this may seem like another opportunistic innovation, it’s really full of hidden false realities.
The median income (中位收入) recorded in the United States of America was about $63,000 in 2018. TikTokers can make anywhere from $50,000 to $150,000 for a TikTok brand partnership, and TikTokers with over a million followers can make up to $30,000 a month—$360,000 a year. They are making more than the average person trying to feed their family and keep a roof over their heads simply by posting a 15-second video.
This is mad in more ways than one. Not only is it an overpaid “job”, it promotes undeserved admiration from viewers and a false sense of reality. Many of these famous TikTokers are still teens and the effects of fame at such an early stage in life might cause issues later in life, such as mental illness. Teens between the ages of 13 and 17 make up 27% of TikTok viewers, who can be easily influenced by what they are watching. They can put a false sense of self-value into who they look up to and what they represent: money, fame, being considered conventionally attractive.
While TikTok has become a great tool for marketing, it’s important to understand how this content affects young viewers. If we’re constantly consuming content that shows us all we need to do to be successful is be conventionally attractive and post a 15-second video featuring a new dance, it will challenge our knowledge of what really makes someone successful and will in turn affect our individual work ethnics (伦理). What about the people who miss birthdays and family holidays due to their jobs and aren’t getting paid nearly as much as these TikTokers?
Richard Colyer, president and creator of Metaphor, Inc, had his own view on this issue. “It sounds great that kids can make money for doing the latest dance moves in a 15-second video, but we should feed the minds of kids and not just their bank accounts. TikTok can be great if used properly. Money alone is not good; technology alone is not good and connectedness can be bad if it is only online.”
Again, as a fellow consumer of TikTok, I do enjoy the app when I have some time to kill and need a good laugh. I’m not against someone making a living on entertainment, but what does getting famous by posting a 15-second video teach young people?
1．What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 1 refer to?
A．Social networking.
B．A job offered by TikTok.
C．Making money on social media.
D．Staying connected to the Internet.
2．What does the author try to indicate in Paragraph 2?
A．TikTokers can hardly make ends meet.
B．Social media platforms like TikTok can make people overpaid.
C．Teens are wise to make a huge amount of money from TikTok.
D．TikTokers earn such a high income that they can support their family.
3．Which is the possible influence of TikTok on its young users?
A．They are likely to develop false values.
B．They tend to live an adult life too soon.
C．They are forced to pay for certain services.
D．They may stop believing other social media.
4．What did Richard Colyer stress according to his view?
A．Contents of videos need checking before their release online.
B．We have a responsibility to supply teens with food for thought.
C．Young TikTokers should be banned from opening bank accounts.
D．Money and technology can be good if used properly by TikTokers.

（2023秋·辽宁·高一校联考期末）Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer.
The exploitation (开发) of space has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world. Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world. connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide. The Global Positioning System (GPS) can identify our location anywhere. Furthermore, weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives.
Space programs can also indirectly contribute to the solution to poverty and world hunger. For example, large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies. The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures such as the condition of crops, soil rainfall, and droughts. It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.
In recent years, space-based technologies have become an important factor to reach and expand global health objectives. Information provided by remote technologies can be applied to study the epidemiology (流行病学). This data provided by space technologies can monitor disease patterns, understand the environmental causes that spread it, make predictions about where it can spread in the future, and make plans to fight it efficiently.
Furthermore, access to better education means better life prospects and opportunities for human beings. Rural communities have disadvantaged access to education and satellite communication technologies are trying to bridge this gap. With the advancement of technology, students can now access any information and connect with peers and teachers in different parts of the world via video conferences and the creation of virtual classrooms.
Space exploration is something we can do for future generations. Mankind is using the resources provided on the planet, but these will run out one day. Overpopulation can be an existential threat for all mankind. With the advancement of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets.
For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences.
5．What can space exploitation do according to Paragraph 2?
A．Improve the traffic on the earth. B．Promote travel between countries.
C．Help prevent deadly natural disasters. D．Help humans communicate and exchange information.
6．How can space programs help with poverty and world hunger?
A．By benefiting crop production with artificial earth satellites.
B．By transporting food worldwide more easily.
C．By creating job opportunities for the poor.
D．By protecting available land resources.
7．What does the author think of mining resources on other planets?
A．Time-wasting B．Arguable. C．Necessary. D．Educational
8．What would be the best title for the text?
A．Why Space Exploration Is Important?
B．Why Humankind Should Keep Exploring?
C．Why We Should Improve Space Technology?
D．Why Humans Should Keep Developing Technologies?

（2023秋·山东淄博·高一统考期末）Opinions differ on the question of whether it is better to live in the city or in the countryside. However, due to the rapid upward trend in house prices in cities, people are increasingly choosing to move to a rural(乡村的) area. Reason enough to take a closer look at the arguments for living in the city and in the country.
Living in the city continues to be extremely popular. The proportion of the population living in rural areas has been falling continuously since the middle of the 19th century which was marked by industrialization(工业化). More and more people moved to the cities to find work.
Infrastructure is one of the biggest advantages of cities. A well-developed network of public transportation often makes that a car is not absolutely necessary. In the countryside, on the other hand, you almost always need a car to be flexible(灵活的). Related to infrastructure, mobility is also an argument for living in the city. Very often, rural regions are not or only connected to the rail network and also do not have an adequate bus system. In the cities, there is a wide range of entertaining options, from cultural opportunities and other clubs. The latter, however, are increasingly found in the countryside as well. In addition, rural areas offer many options for outdoor activities.
The expansion of digital networks is still in its beginnings in some rural regions. Here, the city clearly has the better offer. However, this is set to change, and various research projects and plans to expand digital networks are intended to promote the connection of rural residential areas.
9．What is the function of the first paragraph?
A．To introduce the main topic.
B．To raise readers’ interest.
C．To put forward a reason.
D．To present different opinions.
10．What resulted in the growth of the population in cities?
A．Colorful outdoor activities.
B．Low housing prices.
C．More job opportunities.
D．Strong cultural atmosphere.
11．What is the author’s attitude towards life in the countryside?
A．Uncaring. B．Optimistic. C．Doubtful. D．Grateful.
12．What is the text mainly about?
A．The means of transportation in the city.
B．The similarities between different cultures.
C．The advantages of living in the countryside.
D．The different views on living in the city or the rural area.

（2023秋·江苏徐州·高一沛县湖西中学校考期末）JENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada
It is possible to construct good online courses that would support mathematics learning with middle and high school students. However, these courses would not look like most current online courses.
When we imagine an online course, we think of a solitary (孤立的)process in which a student is holed up with his or her computer, watching PowerPoints, paging through screens of text and solving a whole bunch of problems. While learning may be occurring, I suspect that it’s short-term with little real understanding of mathematics. There are some students who learn well under these circumstances, but this is not true for the majority of students. A good online course would take advantage of the many interactive resources. For example, if students were learning to solve equations, they would be directed to solve a carefully arranged set of problems using an interactive program. They would reflect on the interaction and share their observations with others taking the course.
Eventually, the lesson would move students toward solving equations, using their experiences with the interactive program as the jumping-off point. Students could experience real-world problems through video and simulations and use a variety of computer-based tools to solve these problems. Notice that a course like this is not solitary, but highly interactive, and it builds both problem-solving skills and conceptual knowledge.
BRIGID BARRON-A psychologist at Stanford University’s School of Education
Whether or not any computing tool used in the classroom will interfere with or energize learning depends on how the teacher organizes its use.
When online courses are well designed, they offer learners and teachers wonderful opportunities. Hybrid models that combine classroom interaction with tools like blogs, podcasts, social networks and discussion forums can engage students in ways that traditional environments do not. When students are given challenging material, asked to carry out research and to create ways to share what they are learning with students from all over the world, engagement goes up.
There are other benefits. Assessment of student learning can be partly automated and designed to provide continuous feedback. When students need assistance, they can be directed to activities that will help them learn. Perhaps most importantly, online courses can help bridge gaps in course offerings within a school district. Many economically challenged schools don’t have the resources to provide specialized or advanced courses, but those courses could be offered online.
Many students are already using technology in their own time to learn and create, for their own purposes or for school assignments (作业). If they know where to look, they can access online communities that foster (促进)their imagination and offer informal mentorship (辅导). Instead of wondering whether teenagers are too easily distracted by computers, we should be figuring out how we can use digital media to sustain (维持) teenagers’ interest and their desire to learn.
13．According to Jennifer Salls, in most current online classes, ______.
A．students hardly learn anything
B．students are made to learn all on their own
C．students are led to improve their self-study abilities
D．students focus more on theories than on problem-solving skills
14．Which of the following statements best summarizes Salls’ opinions?
A．Online courses should try to make the most of interactive resources.
B．Schools today pay more attention to students, conceptual knowledge.
C．Students cannot learn mathematics effectively through online courses.
D．Thanks to online classes, teachers’ work load can be greatly decreased.
15．Brigid Barron mentioned all of the following potentials of online classes EXCEPT ______.
A．narrowing the gap between rich and poor
B．providing students with real-time feedback
C．teaching students how to exploit online resources
D．maintaining students’ interest throughout the course
16．Both Salls and Barron believe that_______.
A．good courses should combine advanced technology and online resources
B．teachers play an important role in ensuring the effectiveness of online classes
C．students should be able to learn effectively through well-designed online classes
D．online courses are more effective only when students are assigned challenging tasks

（2022春·重庆·高一重庆八中校考期末）Studies with financial ties to the sugar-sweetened beverage (drinks) industry are much less likely than independent studies to find a link between sipping sugary drinks and developing obesity or diabetes, according to an Annals of Internal Medicine Report published Monday.
Researchers reviewed 60 studies published between January 2001 and July 2016 that investigated consuming drinks with added sugar and these diseases. They also identified whether the reports were independently funded, or if they were backed by—or the authors had financial conflicts with—the sugar-sweetened beverage industry.
Every one of the 26 studies that found no connection between sugary drinks and diabetes or obesity were industry-funded. But of the 34 studies that did find a connection between sugar and illness, only one had ties to sugar-sweetened beverages.
“This industry seems to be manipulating contemporary scientific processes to create controversy and advance their business interests at the expense of the public’s health,” concluded the report.
The latest report comes a month after a JAMA Internal Medicine investigation found that the Sugar Research Foundation paid three Harvard scientists about $50,000 in the 1960s to publish research that blamed fat and cholesterol(胆固醇) for causing heart disease, and downplayed the role of sweeteners.
Dr. Mark Hyman, director of the Cleveland Clinic Center for Functional Medicine has long been skeptical about the sweet stuff.
“The sugar industry and soda companies are following the same playbook as the tobacco industry did trying to defend tobacco,” he told the News. “They destroy the science by financing scientists who are actually pushing their agenda and designing flawed trials that show there’s no harm. They sway public opinion, and they lobby politicians.”
He advised consumers confused about what research to believe to “follow the money.” “If a bunch of Harvard scientists say one thing, and Coca-Cola says another thing, you should wonder about who the messenger is, and where the money to fund the study is coming from,” he said.
17．What does the Annals of Internal Medicine Report mainly focus on?
A．The sugar industry’s influence on scientific studies.
B．The connection between sugary drinks and illnesses.
C．The real reason to blame for causing heart disease.
D．The financial support for science from the sugar industry.
18．Which is a factor the researchers took into consideration when reviewing the studies published?
A．Their total number. B．Their value to science.
C．Their financial source. D．Their social influence.
19．Why did the Sugar Research Foundation pay three Harvard scientists about $50,000 in the 1960s?
A．To support the development of science.
B．To compare with the tobacco industry.
C．To influence certain scientific results.
D．To promote the public’s health conditions.
20．How to understand Dr. Mark Hyman’s “follow the money” principle?
A．People who pay for products should know where their money go.
B．Consumers have to pay for the real results of scientific researches.
C．More money should be paid to promote the public’s awareness of science.
D．The money to fund the study determines its reliability to some extent.

（2023秋·山东·高一山东省实验中学校考期末）Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city? In order to answer this question, we must first examine whether people really want to preserve the historic feel of an area. Not all historical buildings are attractive. However, there may be other reasons—for example, economic reasons why they should be preserved. So, let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people. What should we do then if a new building is needed?
In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style. Indeed, there are many examples in my own hometown of Tours, where modern designs have been placed very successfully next to old buildings. As long as the building in question is pleasing and does not dominate (影响) its surroundings too much, it often improves the attractiveness of the area.
It is true that there are examples of new buildings which have spoilt (破坏) the area they are in, but the same can be said of some old buildings too. Yet people still speak against new buildings in historic areas. I think this is simply because people are naturally conservative (保守的) and do not like change.
Although we have to respect people’s feelings as fellow users of the buildings, I believe that it is the duty of the architect and planner to move things forward. If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves. Thus, I would argue against copying previous architectural styles and choose something fresh and different, even though that might be the more risky choice.
21．What can we learn about historical buildings from paragraph 1?
A．All of them are not attractive.
B．Most of them are hard to preserve.
C．People want to preserve the historic feel.
D．They are more pleasing than modern ones.
22．What is the author’s attitude to coexistence of old buildings and new ones?
A．Doubtful. B．Unclear. C．Conservative. D．Favourable.
23．What does the phrase “move things forward” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Destroy old buildings.
B．Put things in a different place.
C．Choose new architectural styles.
D．Respect people’s feelings for historical buildings.
24．What is the main purpose of the text?
A．To instruct. B．To argue. C．To warn. D．To educate.

（2023秋·山东济南·高一济南市历城第二中学校考期末）In this modern age, most of us have forgotten to be patient and get angry very quickly over minor things like a traffic jam, a baby crying and such things. It often seems so easy to get what we want right away that when we have to wait even a little while, it seems like we are waiting for ages. We used to be happy to wait 10-15 minutes it took to reheat food in the oven (烤箱), but now we’re impatient when waiting two minutes it takes in the microwave.
With the convenience provided by modern society, is patience still a virtue (美德) in the fast-paced world? To begin with, I’d like to share the meaning of the word “patience”. Generally it means being able to tolerate delay without getting impatient. However, it isn’t necessarily a passive activity. It takes an active commitment, knowing when to take action and when not to.
So I would argue that patience is still — and always — a virtue. Sure. I used to be one of those who often stared at the microwave for the full two minutes it took to heat my food. And in the end, the food tasted bad. If l had had the patience to heat the food properly in the oven, I would have enjoyed a delicious meal.
Actually the benefits of patience go beyond just heating up our food. Patience is an exercise in self-control which shows that we can handle life problems when things get tough, and that we can exercise good judgment. Lack of patience can cause us to make wrong decisions that negatively affect our health and happiness, waste our time, put us under a lot of stress and affect our relationships in a very negative way.
Everything in life happens for a reason. Sometimes we face an obstacle (障碍) because we need to grow in ways we didn’t realize. It’s not always obvious when that was happening, but with patience we will soon see clearly why it happened; and what we were meant to learn from it.
Taking time to think about our actions and being patient are a small price to pay when we determine the best possible solution to any problems.
25．The author uses the example of reheating food to show that .
A．people have no time to enjoy the meal B．high technology brings more benefits
C．more people lack patience now D．the fast-paced life makes people stressed
26．What could be inferred from Paragraph 4?
A．People under stress tend to get angry.
B．Patient people are more likely to make better decisions.
C．People with self-control are easier to succeed.
D．Patient people are unlikely to make mistakes.
27．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5?
A．A wise man learns from experience.
B．A brave man is not afraid of challenges.
C．A man should find out reasons for what happened.
D．A man should be patient to deal with difficulties.
28．What can be a suitable title for the text?
A．The causes of impatience. B．Ways to exercise patience.
C．Is patience really a virtue? D．What does “patience” mean?

（2023秋·河北张家口·高一统考期末）Cultural heritage is a variety of local treasures from different places. These treasures often increase people’s pride in their hometown. Thus, protecting cultural heritage is of great significance and importance. In protecting cultural heritage, countries around the world should join hands further to deal with issues. Today there are shared measures to preserve cultural heritage, however, countries still have different views on cultural heritage preservation.
Asian and European architecture is very different, for example. European buildings are often stone structures(结构) that can stand damage caused by wind and rain, while those in the East are more often wooden structures which require renovation(整修). This leads to different views on how to preserve ancient architecture.
From the very beginning, Europeans have the opinion that people should take fewer measures in the process of protecting cultural heritage. For example, the ruins of the Roman Colosseum have simply been left as they are, but Asia has a tradition of renovation of cultural relics and we believe that this measure will not affect their authenticity(真实性). The Ise Grand Shrine building in Japan is rebuilt every 20 years from one generation to the next. Such tradition caused a debate in international cultural heritage preservation circles, as some thought that the rebuilding process would harm its authenticity. Experts around the world travelled to Japan especially to conduct on­site check and discussions, and they finally recognized that the term “authenticity” actually varies(变化) from culture to culture.
The importance of these international exchanges is that they will help the world understand Asia, and accept Asian ways to protect cultural heritage.
29．What is the purpose of paragraph 1?
A．To present an argument. B．To make a comparison.
C．To draw a conclusion. D．To give an example.
30．What does the underlined word “those” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．Views. B．Damages. C．Buildings. D．Structures.
31．What can we infer from the text?
A．European experts fail to protect cultural relics.
B．Protecting cultural heritage causes many issues.
C．Many European ancient buildings are made of wood.
D．Ways to protect cultural heritage vary from area to area.
32．What does the author agree to in protecting cultural heritage?
A．International communication is needed.
B．We should follow western experts’ advice.
C．Cultural heritage will be damaged through rebuilding.
D．Asian ways to protect cultural heritage are unacceptable.

（2023秋·北京丰台·高一统考期末）SHOULD WE FIGHT NEW TECHNOLOGY?
This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should stop accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the dead said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon.
On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily without new technology. Probably the most well-known are the Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They advocate (提倡) a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish’s, quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities.
On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.
Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. However, I will always look on the bright side of change and accept it rather than resist it.
33．By mentioning driverless cars in Paragraph 1, the author wants to .
A．present an idea B．introduce the topic
C．give an example D．explain the reason
34．Which lifestyle do the Christians living in rural America advocate?
A．Caring about luxuries.
B．Living in mountain areas.
C．Making full use of new technology.
D．Focusing on the interaction between people.
35．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the passage?
A．To show it is better to use driverless cars.
B．To prove new technology will bring dangers.
C．To advise people to stop traveling in the new way.
D．To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of new technology.
36．What’s the author’s attitude about technological advances?
A．Objective. B．Negative. C．Positive. D．Doubtful.

（2022秋·河北张家口·高一张家口市宣化第一中学校考期末）If you’re reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The oh­ohs. The 21st century.
That would make you young, creative, connected, global, and no doubt smart. Maybe good­looking, too. Right? But what do other people think about your generation?
Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the screen in front of you than the world around you. They think of you as the “face­down generation” because you use your phone so much and they wonder how you will deal with school, friends, and family. Are today’s teenagers too busy texting and taking selfies to become successful in real life — or “IRL”, as you would say?
Other adults worry that today’s youth are spoilt (宠坏的) and don’t want to face the challenges of adult life. Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents”. They were always there to guide and help them with a busy schedule filled with homework and extra­curricular activities such as dancing, drawing, or sports. With parents who do everything for them, today’s youth seem to prefer to live like teenagers even when they are in their 20s or 30s.
Does the face­down generation need a heads­up? Well, probably not. The fact is that many of today’s teenagers are better educated and more creative than past generations. They also seem to be enthusiastic (热情的) and willing to become leaders. More young people than ever volunteer to help their communities. There are also brave young people such as Malala Yousafzai, the teenager who won the 2014 Nobel Peace Prize for pushing girls’rights to go to school.
So if you’re one of the oh­ohs, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future. Things are looking up for the face­down generation. Chances are that you will do GR8 (great) and LOL (laugh out loud).
37．What can we learn about the oh­ohs ?
A．They are addicted to screens.
B．They are always in bad mood.
C．They were born before the 2000s.
D．They are busy with their texts.
38．Which of the following is true about “helicopter parents”?
A．They travel by air all year round.
B．They instruct everything for their children.
C．They depend on their teenagers.
D．They avoid challenges of adult life.
39．What qualities does the oh­ohs have in para 5 ?
A．Proud. B．Awkward. C．Passionate. D．Peaceful.
40．Which of the following is the best title for the text?
A．Face­down Generation B．Promising Generation
C．Struggling Teenagers D．Generation Under Control


1．C    2．B    3．A    4．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了社交媒体从单纯的社交软件变为赚钱工具的现象，并且很多用户的收入远远高于普通人。
1．词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的句子“These social media platforms have changed from a way to stay connected to an industry where even kids can make money off their posts. (这些社交媒体平台已经从一种保持联系的方式变成了一个连孩子都能从他们的帖子中赚钱的行业。)”以及，划线词所在的句子表示，虽然这个 看起来好像是投机取巧的创新，但是它实际充满了隐藏的虚假现实。由此推断划线词this指代的是“社交媒体上赚钱”这件事。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据第二段中“TikTokers can make anywhere from $50,000 to $150,000 for a TikTok brand partnership, and TikTokers with over a million followers can make up to $30,000 a month—$360,000 a year. (抖音品牌合作伙伴的收入从5万美元到15万美元不等，粉丝超过100万的抖音每月可以赚3万美元，一年可以赚36万美元。)”可知，像抖音这样的社交媒体平台可以让人们获得过高的报酬。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“If we’re constantly consuming content that shows us all we need to do to be successful is be conventionally attractive and post a 15-second video featuring a new dance, it will challenge our knowledge of what really makes someone successful and will in turn affect our individual work ethnics (伦理). (如果我们不断地消费这样的内容，告诉我们要想成功，我们所需要做的就是保持传统的吸引力，发布一段15秒的新舞蹈视频，这将挑战我们对真正让一个人成功的知识，反过来也会影响我们个人的职业道德。)”以及倒数第二段中“It sounds great that kids can make money for doing the latest dance moves in a 15-second video, but we should feed the minds of kids and not just their bank accounts. (孩子们在15秒的视频里跳最新的舞步就能赚钱，这听起来很棒，但我们应该培养孩子们的思想，而不仅仅是他们的银行账户。)”可知，如果抖音不断地宣传发布15秒钟舞蹈视频就能赚钱的思想，那么将会颠覆年轻人对成功的认知，产生不良影响。故推断，抖音会让年轻人形成错误的价值观。故选A。
4．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“It sounds great that kids can make money for doing the latest dance moves in a 15-second video, but we should feed the minds of kids and not just their bank accounts. (孩子们在15秒的视频里跳最新的舞步就能赚钱，这听起来很棒，但我们应该培养孩子们的思想，而不仅仅是他们的银行账户。)”可知，Richard Colyer 强调我们有责任为青少年提供精神食粮。故选B。
5．D    6．A    7．C    8．A

【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要讲的是人类是否应该探索太空为此话题而展开的讨论，论述了探索太空的重要性。
5．细节理解题。根据第二段“The space exploration has a direct impact on the lives of humans, as well as the state of our world. Satellites moving around the earth enable communication across the world, connecting people of different continents and broadcasting information worldwide.   The Global Positioning System(GPS) can identify our location anywhere. Furthermore, weather satellites can forecast harmful weather conditions, which allows humans to prepare for deadly natural disasters and save lives.”（太空探索直接影响着人类的生活，也影响着我们这个世界的现状。环绕地球运行的卫星使全世界的通信成为可能，将不同大陆的人们联系起来，向全世界广播信息。全球定位系统(GPS)可以在任何地方确定我们的位置。此外，气象卫星可以预测有害的天气状况，这使人类能够为致命的自然灾害做好准备，挽救生命。）可知，根据第二段，太空探索可以帮助人类交流和传播信息。故选D。
6．细节理解题。根据第三段“Space programs can also indirectly lead to the solution to poverty and world hunger. For example, large plots of land could be used far better if humans applied technologies. The most effective tool is the artificial earth satellite. It can screen areas of land within a very short time, indicating useful measures, such as the condition of crops, soil, rainfall, and droughts. It can then transmit this information to ground stations on the earth for better use.”（太空计划还可以间接地解决贫困和世界饥饿问题。例如，如果人类应用技术，大片土地可以得到更好的利用。最有效的工具是人造地球卫星。它可以在很短的时间内筛选土地面积，显示有用的措施，如作物状况、土壤、降雨和干旱。然后，它可以将这些信息传输到地球上的地面站，以便更好地使用。）可知，太空计划利用人造地球卫星造福农作物生产来帮助解决贫困和世界饥饿问题。故选A。
7．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“With the advancement of space technology, it will be wise to use and explore the vast potential of other planets, such as the availability of mining resources on asteroids or other planets.”（随着太空技术的进步，利用和探索其他行星的巨大潜力将是明智的，例如小行星或其他行星上的采矿资源的可用性。）可推知，作者对在其他星球上开采资源这一行为认为是有必要的。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Should humans explore space? If you ask me, I’ll definitely give a positive answer.(人类应该探索太空吗？如果你问我，我一定会给你肯定的答复)”以及最后一段“For the exploration of the universe, perhaps the most advantageous of all is that it will unite us to work together for a common purpose, regardless of our differences.(对于宇宙的探索来说，也许最有利的是它将把我们团结起来，为了一个共同的目标而努力，不管我们有什么分歧)”结合文章主要讲的是人类是否应该探索太空为此话题而展开的讨论，论述了探索太空的重要性。可知，A选项“为什么太空探索很重要？”最符合文章标题。故选A。
9．A    10．C    11．B    12．D

【导语】本文是篇议论文。在城市生活好还是在农村生活好？文章就这一话题，对生活在城市和农村的优缺点分别进行了阐述和讨论。
9．推理判断题。根据第一段“Reason enough to take a closer look at the arguments for living in the city and in the country.”（理由足以让我们仔细看看是住在城市还是住在乡村）可知，第一段提出了住在城市还是住在农村都是有一定理由的；而第二、三、四段主要是描述了住在城市或农村各自的利弊，是对住在城市或农村选择的解释说明，所以第一段是为了引出主要话题的。故选A。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段“The proportion of the population living in rural areas has been falling continuously since the middle of the 19th century which was marked by industrialization(工业化). More and more people moved to the cities to find work.”（生活在农村地区的人口比例自19世纪中叶以工业化为标志以来一直在下降，越来越多的人到城市去找工作。）可知，自工业化以来，城市的就业机会增多，越来越多的人到城市去找工作，导致了农村人口的减少和城市人口的增长。故选C。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“The latter, however, are increasingly found in the countryside as well. In addition, rural areas offer many options for outdoor activities.”（然而，后者也越来越多地出现在农村。此外，农村地区还提供了许多户外活动的选择。）和最后一段“However, this is set to change, and various research projects and plans to expand digital networks are intended to promote the connection of rural residential areas.”（然而，这种情况将会改变，各种研究项目和扩大数字网络的计划都旨在促进农村居民区的连接。）可知，作者认为虽然农村生活目前还有一些不便，但今后会逐渐改变，作者对此是持乐观态度的。故选B。
12．主旨大意题。根据第一段“Opinions differ on the question of whether it is better to live in the city or in the countryside.”（关于住在城市好还是住在农村好这个问题，人们意见不一。）及全文内容可知，本文主要讨论了人们对于住在城市还是农村所持有的的不同观点。故选D。
13．B    14．A    15．A    16．C

【导语】本文是议论文。文章主要介绍Salls和Barron对在线课程的看法。
13．细节理解题。根据JENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada部分第二段“When we imagine an online course, we think of a solitary(孤立的) process in which a student is holed up with his or her computer, watching PowerPoints, paging through screens of text and solving a whole bunch of problems.(当我们想象一个在线课程时，我们会想到一个孤立的学习过程，一个学生在他或者她的电脑面前，看PPT，翻阅屏幕文本，以及解决很多问题)”可知，Salls认为现在很多的在线课程都是学生被迫自己学习。故选B。
14．推理判断题。根据JENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada部分第三段“A good online course would take advantage of the many interactive resources. (一个好的线上课程应该充分利用互动资源。)”和第四段“Eventually, the lesson would move students toward solving equations, using their experiences with the interactive program as the jumping-off point. (最终，这节课将引导学生用他们在互动中学到的经验作为出发点去解决方程问题。)”可知，Salls 认为在线课程应该充分利用互动资源，这样可以帮助学生把互动中学到的经验运用到实际的解决问题中去。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据BRIGID BARRON-A psychologist at Stanford University’s School of Education部分第二段“When students are given challenging material, asked to carry out research and to create ways to share what they are learning with students from all over the world, engagement goes up. (当学生们被给予有挑战性的材料时、被要求进行研究并创造方法来与世界各地的学生分享他们所学的东西时，这样参与度就会提高。)”和第三段“Assessment of student learning can be partly automated and designed to provide continuous feedback. When students need assistance, they can be directed to activities that will help them learn. Perhaps most importantly, online courses can help bridge gaps in course offerings within a school district. Many economically challenged schools don’t have the resources to provide specialized or advanced courses, but those courses could be offered online. (对学生学习的评价可以部分自动化，并设计为提供持续的反馈。当学生需要帮助时，他们可以被引导去参加有助于他们学习的活动。也许最重要的是，在线课程可以帮助弥补一个学区内课程供应的差距。许多经济困难的学校没有资源提供专业或高级课程，但这些课程网上可以提供。)”可知，在线课程可以给学生提供实时的反馈，教学生如何开发在线资源、通过课程来维持他们的参与度，即对课程的兴趣，以及弥补同一地区课程供中应的差异。选项A“narrowing the gap between rich and poor(缩小贫富之间的差距)”不符合以上说法。故选A。
16．细节理解题。根据JENNIFER SALLS---A high school math teacher in Sparks, Nevada部分第一段“lt is possible to construct good online courses that would support mathematics learning with middle and high school students. (构建良好的网络课程来支持中、高学生的数学学习是可能的。)”和BRIGID BARRON-A psychologist at Stanford University’s School of Education部分第二段“When online courses are well designed, they offer learners and teachers wonderful opportunities. (在线课程设计良好时，它们可以为学习者和教师提供良好的机会。)”可知，Salls和Barron 都认为设计良好的在线课程可以给学生和老师提供帮助。故选C。
17．A    18．C    19．C    20．D

【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了研究报告的资金来源是如何影响报告结果的。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Studies with financial ties to the sugar-sweetened beverage (drinks) industry are much less likely than independent studies to find a link between sipping sugary drinks and developing obesity or diabetes, according to an Annals of Internal Medicine Report published Monday.(周一发表的《内科医学年报》报告称，与独立研究相比，与含糖饮料行业有经济关系的研究发现喝含糖饮料与肥胖或糖尿病之间存在联系的可能性要小得多。)”可知，独立研究更容易报道喝含糖饮料与肥胖或糖尿病之间存在关系，故《内科医学年报》主要关注了制糖业对科学研究结果的影响。故选A项。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“They also identified whether the reports were independently funded, or if they were backed by—or the authors had financial conflicts with—the sugar-sweetened beverage industry.(他们还确定了这些报告是否得到了独立资助，或者是否得到了含糖饮料行业的支持，或者作者是否与该行业存在经济冲突。)”可知，研究人员在回顾研究时考虑了资金来源。故选C项。
19．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“The latest report comes a month after a JAMA Internal Medicine investigation found that the Sugar Research Foundation paid three Harvard scientists about $50,000 in the 1960s to publish research that blamed fat and cholesterol(胆固醇) for causing heart disease, and downplayed the role of sweeteners.(一个月前，《美国医学会内科杂志》的一项调查发现，糖研究基金会在20世纪60年代向三位哈佛科学家支付了约5万美元，让他们发表研究报告，指责脂肪和胆固醇导致心脏病，并淡化甜味剂的作用。)”可知，糖研究基金会向哈佛科学家付款五万美金是为了影响科学结果。故选C项。
20．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段““If a bunch of Harvard scientists say one thing, and Coca-Cola says another thing, you should wonder about who the messenger is, and where the money to fund the study is coming from, he said.(他建议那些对研究结果感到困惑的消费者“跟着钱走”。他说:“如果一群哈佛科学家说一件事，可口可乐说另一件事，你应该想知道信使是谁，资助这项研究的资金从哪里来。”)”可知，马克博士认为，研究的资金来源会影响这项研究的结果，即资助这项研究的资金在某种程度上决定了它的可靠性。故选D项。
21．A    22．D    23．C    24．B

【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久地区的老建筑旁边。
21．细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Not all historical buildings are attractive.”（并非所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力。）可知，并非所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力，由此可知，从第1段中我们可以了解到不是所有的历史建筑都具有吸引力。故选A项。
22．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“In my view, new architectural styles can exist perfectly well alongside an older style.”（在我看来，新的建筑风格可以与旧的风格完美共存。）可知，作者认为新的建筑风格可以与旧的风格完美共存，由此可知，作者对新旧建筑共存的态度是支持的。故选D项。
23．词义猜测题。根据画线短语下文“If we always reproduced what was there before, we would all still be living in caves.”（如果我们总是复制以前的样子，我们都仍然会住在洞穴里。）可知，作者认为如果我们不选择新的建筑样式，总是复制以前的建筑风格，那么现在我们将仍然会住在洞穴里，由此可知，作者认为建筑师有责任选择新的建筑样式，推动建筑的发展，“Choose new architectural styles”意为“选择新的建筑样式”，能够表达画线短语在句中所要表达的意思。故选C项。
24．推理判断题。通读全文，结合第一段关键句“Should we allow modern buildings to be built next to older buildings in a historic area of a city?”（我们是否应该允许在城市历史区的老建筑旁边建造现代建筑？）可知，文章主要针对现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久的地区进行了争论，由此可知，文章主要目的是争论现代建筑是否可以建在历史悠久的地区。故选B项。
25．C    26．B    27．D    28．C

【导语】本文是议论文。作者通过现代人缺乏耐心，讲述了耐心仍旧是一种美德，是处理问题，做处正确决定必须的品德，倡议人们要学会有耐心。
25．推理判断题。根据第一段“In this modern age, most of us have forgotten to be patient and get angry very quickly over minor things like a traffic jam, a baby crying and such things.(在这个现代社会，我们大多数人都忘记了要有耐心，并且会因为一些小事情很快就会生气，比如交通堵塞，婴儿哭闹等等)”提到在这个时代，我们中的大多数人都忘记了耐心，并很快就会因为小事而生气，下文举例“We used to be happy to wait 10 - 15 minutes it took to reheat food in the oven(烤箱), but now we’re impatient when waiting two minutes it takes in the microwave.( 我们过去很高兴等待在烤箱中重新加热食物需要的10-15分钟，但现在我们等待两分钟时就不耐烦了，这是微波炉需要的时间)”可推断作者使用加热食物的例子是为了表明现在更多的人缺乏耐心。故选C。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段的“Patience is an exercise in self-control which shows that we can exercise good judgment. Lack of patience can cause us to make wrong decisions(耐心是一种自我控制的锻炼，表明我们可以行使良好的判断力。缺乏耐心会导致我们做出错误的决定)”可推断，有耐心的人往往会做出更好的决定。故选B。
27．推理判断题。根据第五段“Sometimes we face an obstacle(障碍) because we need to grow in ways we didn't realize. It's not always obvious when that was happening, but with patience we will soon see clearly why it occurred and what we were meant to learn from it.(有时我们面临一个障碍，因为我们需要以我们没有意识到的方式成长。当这种情况发生时并不总是显而易见的，但有了耐心，我们很快就会明白为什么会发生这种情况，以及我们应该从它中学到什么)”可推断，一个人应该耐心地处理困难。故选D。
28．主旨大意题。文章第一段作者提出现代人缺乏耐心，二、三段阐述耐心是一种美德；第四段阐述耐心的益处；第五段阐述处理困难要有耐心；第六段阐述做决定需要耐心。因此推断文章主要阐述耐心是一种美德。故选C。
29．A    30．C    31．D    32．A

【导语】本文一篇议论文。文章讲述文化遗产是来自不同地方的各种地方珍宝，保护文化遗产具有重要的意义和重要性，但各国对文化遗产的保护仍有不同的看法。本文作者呼吁进行国际上的交流来增进对文化遗产保护的了解与合作。
29．推理判断题。文章第一段“Today there are shared measures to preserve cultural heritage, however, countries still have different views on cultural heritage preservation.(今天，保护文化遗产的措施是共同的，但各国对文化遗产的保护仍有不同的看法。)”主要讲了在文化遗产保护过程中，世界各国应该携手共同处理问题，虽然现在有一些通用的保护文化遗产的方法，但是不同的国家对于文化遗产的保护仍然有不同见解。第二段和第三段对第一段提出的论点进行了论证，第四段对论点进行了总结和深化，所以第一段的作用是提出论点。故选A。
30．词义猜测题。根据第二段“European buildings are often stone structures(结构) that can stand damage caused by wind and rain, while those in the East are more often wooden structures which require renovation(整修)．(欧洲的建筑通常是石头结构，可以承受风雨造成的破坏，而东方的those则更多是木结构，需要翻新。)”可知，本句中的those和 buildings表达同一个意思，都是指建筑。故选C。
31．推理判断题。根据第三段 “For example, the ruins of the Roman Colosseum have simply been left as they are, but Asia has a tradition of renovation of cultural relics and we believe that this measure will not affect their authenticity(真实性).( 例如，罗马斗兽场遗址被简单地保持原样，但亚洲有文物翻新的传统，我们认为这一措施不会影响其真实性。)”可知，罗马斗兽场废墟仅仅是保持原状，而亚洲有整修文化遗产的传统，所以存在不同的保护文化遗产的方式。故选D。
32．推理判断题。根据最后一段“The importance of these international exchanges is that they will help the world understand Asia, and accept Asian ways to protect cultural heritage.( 这些国际交流的重要性在于，它们将帮助世界了解亚洲，并接受亚洲保护文化遗产的方式。)”可知，国际交流的重要性在于，将会帮助世界了解亚洲、接受亚洲保护文化遗产的方式。所以作者认为进行国际交流是有必要的。故选A。
33．B    34．D    35．D    36．C

【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者讨论了新技术的优点和缺点并表明了对技术进步的积极态度。
33．推理判断题。根据标题“SHOULD WE FIGHT NEW TECHNOLOGY?(我们应该反对新技术吗？)”，第二段第一句“On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily without new technology.(一方面，世界上有许多不同群体的人在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。)”和第三段第一句“On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years.(另一方面，新技术多年来为各地的人们提供了许多好处。)”可知，文章主要是讲新技术的好处和坏处以及我们是否应该反对新技术，所以作者在第一段提到无人驾驶汽车是为了引入主题。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“They advocate (提倡) a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community.(他们提倡简单的生活，强调努力工作、家庭和社区。)”可知，生活在美国农村的基督徒倡导注重人与人之间的互动的生活方式。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily without new technology.(一方面，世界上有许多不同群体的人在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。)”，第三段第一句“On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years.(另一方面，新技术多年来为各地的人们提供了许多好处。)”，第四段第一句“Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances.(就我个人而言，我从技术进步中获益良多。)”以及最后两句“Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. However, I will always look on the bright side of change and accept it rather than resist it.(当然，当新技术改变我们的生活方式时，这可能是一个可怕的前景。然而，我总是会看到变化的光明面，接受它，而不是抵制它。)”可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是讨论新技术的优点和缺点。
36．推理判断题。根据第四段最后两句“Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. However, I will always look on the bright side of change and accept it rather than resist it.(当然，当新技术改变我们的生活方式时，这可能是一个可怕的前景。然而，我总是会看到变化的光明面，接受它，而不是抵制它。)”可知，作者对技术进步的态度是积极的。故选C。
37．A    38．B    39．C    40．A

【导读】本文是一片议论文。文章作者提出不同人对于当下“脸朝下的”一代人的看法，有认为好的一面也有认为不好的一面，但总的来说作者认为这一代人还是对未来充满希望的。
37．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“If you’re reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The oh­ohs. (如果你正在读这篇文章，你可能出生在2000后，俗称零零后)”第二段“ But what do other people think about your generation?(但是其他人是怎么看待你们这一代的呢？)”第三段“Some adults worry that you’re more interested in the screen in front of you than the world around you.(有些成年人担心你对面前的屏幕比对周围的世界更感兴趣。)”可知，在很多人眼中零零后喜欢电子产品，对网络世界感兴趣。故选A项。
38．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Many children born in the 1990s and 2000s were raised by “helicopter parents”. They were always there to guide and help them with a busy schedule filled with homework and extra­curricular activities such as dancing, drawing, or sports. (很多90后和00后都是由“直升机父母”抚养长大的。他们总是在那里指导和帮助他们，在繁忙的日程安排中完成家庭作业和课外活动，如舞蹈、绘画或运动。)”可知，“直升机父母”在孩子的成长过程中喜欢指导一切。故选B项。
39．细节理解题。根据文章第五段“They also seem to be enthusiastic(热情的)  and willing to become leaders.  More young people than ever volunteer to help their communities. (他们似乎也很热情，愿意成为领导者。比以往任何时候都多的年轻人自愿帮助他们的社区。)”可知，现在“脸朝下的一代”其实对现实生活充满热情，并且愿意承担社会责任。A. Proud自豪的；B. Awkward令人尴尬的；C. Passionate热情的；D. Peaceful和平的。故选C项。
40．主旨大意题。根据首段“If you’re reading this, you were probably born in the 2000s. The oh­ohs. (如果你正在读这篇文章，你可能出生在2000后，俗称零零后)”和末段“So if you’re one of the oh­ohs, there’s reason to be hopeful about the future. Things are looking up for the face­down generation. Chances are that you will do GR8 (great) and LOL (laugh out loud).(所以如果你是其中之一，你有理由对未来充满希望。对于“脸朝下的一代”来说，情况正在好转。很有可能你会做到GR8(很棒)和LOL(大声笑)。)”可知，全文都描述“脸朝下一代”在大家眼中的样子，以及他们成长经历和在现实生活中的表现。故选A项。