专题01 语法填空（解析版）2023年中考英语一模试题分项汇编

这是一份专题01 语法填空（解析版）2023年中考英语一模试题分项汇编，共16页。
专题01 语法填空
（2023·山东济南·校联考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
How long or far is “sanshe” in the idiom “tuibisanshe (退避三舍)”?
In ancient times, she was a unite of distance. One she is as far as 30 li. One li is 500 meters and 30 li is 15,000 meters. ____1____ sanshe is 45 kilometers.
There is a story behind this idiom. During the Spring and Autumn Period (770—476 BC), Prince Chong’er of the Jin state ran away from his home state. He wanted ____2____ (travel) to other states.
Once, he went to the state of Chu. King Cheng of Chu saw ____3____ (he) as an important guest and served him a feast (盛宴). He asked Chong’er, “If you rule the state of Jin one day, how would you thank me?” “It seems your state has everything you want. I have nothing that you like,” Chong’er said. However, he still ____4____ (ask) for something by the king. Finally, Chong’er said, “I would ask my army to retreat (撤退) sanshe if we ever fight.”
Later, Chong’er returned to his home state of Jin and became ____5____ (it) ruler called Wengong. Both of the two states wanted to become stronger and get ____6____ (much) land. They went to war with each other.
Jin Wengong didn’t break his promise. He asked his army to retreat sanshe and ____7____ (stay) in Chengpu. The Chu army ____8____ (think) that the Jin soldiers were afraid to fight, so they followed them. ____9____ their surprise, the Jin army surrounded (包围) them. In the end, Jin won the war. This was the famous Battle of Chengpu. After this war, people used “tuibisanshe” to mean retreating ____10____ (avoid) a conflict (冲突).
【答案】
1．So    2．to travel    3．him    4．was asked    5．its    6．more    7．stay    8．thought    9．To    10．to avoid
【导语】本文讲述了“退避三舍”的典故。
1．句意：所以三舍是45公里。根据“One she is as far as 30 li. One li is 500 meters and 30 li is 15,000 meters.”可知1舍等于30里。1里等于500米，30里等于15000米。所以三舍是45公里。so“所以”符合语境，在句首首字母大写。故填So。
2．句意：他想去其他国家旅行。want to do sth“想要做某事”，为固定短语，故填to travel。
3．句意：楚成王视他为贵客，设宴款待他。he是代词主格，此处位于动词后，应用宾格。故填him。
4．句意：然而，国王还是向他要了一些东西。根据“by”可知此处是被动语态，根据“said”可知本句是一般过去时的被动语态：was/were done，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was asked。
5．句意：后来，重耳回到了他的家乡晋国，成为晋国的统治者，名叫文公。it“它”，后是名词，所以应用形容词性物主代词its修饰。故填its。
6．句意：两个国家都想变得更强大，得到更多的土地。根据“become stronger”可知and连接两个并列结构，前面是比较级，所以此处也应用much的比较级more，故填more。
7．句意：他命令他的军队撤退三舍，驻扎在城濮。stay“停留”，是动词。此处是和and前的retreat并列，动词用原形，故填stay。
8．句意：楚军以为晋军不敢打仗，就跟在晋军后面。think“认为”，动词，句子是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填thought。
9．句意：令他们吃惊的是，晋军包围了他们。to one’s surprise“令某人惊讶的”，为固定短语，在句首首字母大写。故填To。
10．句意：在这场战争之后，人们用“退避三舍”来表示撤退以避免冲突。avoid“避免”，动词，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，故填to avoid。
（2023·浙江温州·校联考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。
There was once a big old oak tree and it stood on the shore by the sea. For it, each year was like a day and it only slept in the winter.
____11____ the summer, many mayflies danced happily around the old oak. One day, the tree spoke to one of them, “You must be so sad, because your whole life ____12____ (last) just one day.”
The mayfly answered, “Not at all. Everything around me is so beautiful ____13____ it makes me happy. We each have long lives. We just count them ____14____ (different).” Without saying more words, it then flew off ____15____ (enjoy) the rest of the life.
The old oak repeated this action every day that summer, but it always got ____16____ same answer. Soon, winter came, and the tree went to sleep. On Christmas, it had a dream.
In the dream, the tree lived ____17____ (it) life again. It experienced every single moment happily. The oak grew bigger and taller until it could see the ____18____ (star) in the sky. Then, it felt a pull, and its roots were free. It was such a wonderful feeling.
____19____ something else was happening in the real world. There was a terrible storm. The wind was too strong. It _____20_____ (blow) the old oak over and pulled the tree's roots out of the ground. The poor old oak died, but at least it was happy.
【答案】11．During##In    12．lasts    13．that    14．differently    15．to enjoy    
16．the    17．its    18．stars    19．However    20．blew
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，关于一棵老橡树和一只短暂而美好的蜉蝣之间对生命的认识与享受的故事。
11．句意：在夏天，许多蜉蝣在老橡树周围快乐地飞舞。根据“…the summer, many mayflies danced happily around the old oak.”可知，此处表示在夏天，使用介词during或是in，句首单词首字母大写，故填During；In。
12．句意：你一定很难过，因为你的整个生命只有一天。主语life，时态是一般现在时，谓语动词使用三单形式，此处故填lasts。
13．句意：我周围的一切都是如此美丽，让我感到快乐。根据“Everything around me is so beautiful…it makes me happy”可知，so…that…“如此……以致于……”，故填that。
14．句意：我们每个人都有很长的生命，只是我们计算方式不同。空处填写副词修饰动词count，结合所给单词，differently“不同地”，故填differently。
15．句意：蜉蝣没有再多说什么，飞走了，享受它余下的生命。根据“it then flew off… (enjoy) the rest of the life.”可知，该处使用动词不定式to do表目的，故填to enjoy。
16．句意：整个夏天，老橡树每天都重复这个行动，但它总是得到同样的答案。根据“it always got…same answer”可知，表示相同的答案，使用定冠词the，故填the。
17．句意：在梦中，这棵树重新体验了它的生命。修饰life使用形容词性物主代词，its“它的”，故填its。
18．句意：这棵橡树变得越来越大，越来越高，直到它可以看到天空中的星星。根据“in the sky”可知，天空中的星星不只一颗，使用名词复数stars，故填stars。
19．句意：然而现实世界中，还发生着其他事情。根据“It was such a wonderful feeling.”和“There was a terrible storm.”可知，梦里的橡树很开心，梦外却有风暴，表示转折，位于句首使用however，句首单词首字母大写，故填However。
20．句意：它把老橡树吹倒，把树的根拔了出来。根据“The wind was too strong.”可知，时态是一般过去时，空处缺少句子的谓语，使用动词过去式，blew“吹”，故填blew。
（2023·河北衡水·校考二模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。
Lonnie Johnson is a great American scientist. From an early age, Lonnie was ___21___ (interest) in making things. He learned how to use ___22___ (tool) from his dad.
At 13, Lonnie made a simple car with ___23___ old engine (发动机). He loved driving it around. He dreamed of becoming an ___24___ (invent). By high school, Lonnie built a remote-control robot from some waste things. This won him ___25___ (one) prize at a science fair. His friends called ___26___ (he) “The Little Scientist”. Later, he became an officer, rocket scientist and business leader, ___27___ he never stopped inventing. You may have ___28___ (play) with his most famous invention—the Super Soaker, a kind of water gun.
Today, Dr. Lonnie Johnson has more than one hundred ___29___ (use) inventions. However, he still ____30____ (keep) trying new things.
【答案】21．interested    22．tools    23．an    24．inventor    25．first    
26．him    27．but    28．played    29．useful    30．keeps
【导语】本文主要介绍了一位伟大美国科学家Lonnie Johnson的故事。
21．句意：从很小的时候起，Lonnie就对制造东西感兴趣。be interested in“对……感兴趣”，固定短语。故填interested。
22．句意：他从他爸爸那里学会了如何使用工具。根据“how to use ... from his dad.”可知，此处表示一类别，用名词复数表示。故填tools。
23．句意：13岁时，Lonnie用一个旧的发动机做了一辆简单的车。此处表示泛指一个旧的发动机，old是以元音音素开头的单词，因此空处用不定冠词an表示。故填an。
24．句意：他梦想成为一名发明家。根据“He dreamed of becoming an”可知，此处表示他梦想成为发明家，inventor“发明家”，an后跟单数。故填inventor。
25．句意：这为他赢得了科学展览会的一等奖。根据“prize at a science fair.”可知，此处是指一等奖，用序数词first表示“第一”。故填first。
26．句意：他的朋友称他为“小科学家”。根据“His friends called ...”可知，空处用宾格代词him作宾语，指代Lonnie。故填him。
27．句意：后来，他成了军官、火箭科学家和商业领袖，但他从未停止过发明。根据“Later, he became an officer, rocket scientist and business leader,... he never stopped inventing.”可知，句子前后是转折关系，用but连接。故填but。
28．句意：你可能玩过他最著名的发明——the Super Soaker，一种水枪。根据“have”可知，此处用过去分词played与其构成现在完成时。故填played。
29．句意：今天，Lonnie Johnson博士有一百多项有用的发明。根据“inventions”可知，空处用形容词useful“有用的”作定语。故填useful。
30．句意：然而，他仍然不断尝试新事物。本句缺少谓语动词，时态为一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词也用单数。故填keeps。
（2023·河北沧州·校考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词（有提示词的，填入所给单词的正确形式）。
Sun Jiarui, a 10-year-old girl from Outang Central Primary School in Wuxi, Jiangsu province, recently was famous online for her ___31___ (cook) skills. Sun, who has been learning to cook from her father since she was eight, can now cook more than fifty ___32___ (dish).
It is ___33___ (report) that Sun Jiarui would go to the restaurant with her parents and liked watching her father cook food ___34___ she was four or five years old. She first learned cooking out of curiosity and wanted to ___35___ (try) her father’s work. At her request, the father, Sun Yadong, began teaching his daughter ___36___ (careful) to do some simple cooking. She found cooking difficult ___37___ first, but along the way, she found it enjoyable. “Cooking improves my labor ability and makes me experience life,” she said with emotion.
In the past two years, Sun Jiarui has ___38___ (learn) a lot of home cooking. Now Sun Jiarui’s cooking is also famous in the school. The school has opened a studio (工作坊) for the father and daughter, and students can learn some simple cooking from ___39___ (they) once a week.
In the coming September, primary school ___40___ junior school students in China will find a new “practical activities” course in their schedule, with at least one class every week.
【答案】31．cooking    32．dishes    33．reported    34．when    35．try    
36．carefully    37．at    38．learnt    39．them    40．and
【导语】本文是记叙文。本文讲述了一个小女孩从小和父亲学习烹饪，并且开设自己的美食工作室的故事。
31．句意：来自江苏省无锡市欧塘中心小学的10岁女孩孙佳瑞最近因其烹饪技巧在网上走红。烹饪技巧是“cooking skills”，用名词修饰名词，故填cooking。
32．句意：孙佳瑞从八岁起就开始跟着父亲学习烹饪，现在她能做50多道菜了。“dish”意为“盘子，菜”，根据前面的fifty可知，横线处应该用名词的复数形式。故填dishes。
33．句意：据报道，孙家瑞在四五岁的时候就会和父母一起去餐厅，喜欢看父亲做饭。根据固定句型“it is reported that…”表示“据说……”。故填reported。
34．句意：据报道，孙家瑞在四五岁的时候就会和父母一起去餐厅，喜欢看父亲做饭。根据句意可知， “she was four or five years old”为时间状语，故此处应该用when来引导时间状语从句。故填when。
35．句意： 她第一次学习烹饪是出于好奇，想试试她父亲的工作。根据“want to do sth.”可知，横线处应该填动词原形。故填try。
36．句意：在她的要求下，父亲孙亚东开始认真地教女儿做一些简单的烹饪。根据句意可知，此处应该用副词修饰“teach”，又“careful”的副词形式是“carefully”。故填carefully。
37．句意：起初她觉得做饭很难，但一路走来，她觉得很愉快。根据后文“但是一路走来”可知，横线上应该“起初”，即 “at first”。故填at。
38．句意：在过去的两年里，孙家瑞学到了很多家常菜。根据句意，此句应用现在完成时，即“have/ has + done”的结构，又“learn”的过去分词为“learnt”。故填learnt。
39．句意：学生们可以每周向他们学习一次简单的烹饪。根据句意，横线的词是 “lean from”的宾语，故应该用宾格，又 “they”的宾格是“them”。故填them。
40．句意：在即将到来的九月，中国的中小学生将在他们的日程安排中找到一门新的“实践活动”课程，每周至少一个课时。根据句意可知，小学和初中是两个并列的阶段，故应该用表示并列的连词连接。故填and。
（2023·山东济南·山东大学附属中学校考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In the small villages of Kenya (肯尼亚), Africa, most kids want to read books. But ____41____ roads go to their homes, only miles and miles of sand. Cars and trucks are not ____42____ (use), so library books arrive on the packs of camels. Camels can handle (应付) the sand and the books. Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian ____43____ (walk) to the villages together. One camel carries about 180 ____44____ (kilo) of books, and the other carries a tent. At each village, the librarian sets up the tent and shows the books to the kids inside. Two weeks later, the camels come back with new books.
Some people in the mountains of ____45____ (north) Thailand get books in a different way. Their “libraries” are carried ____46____ elephants. These animals can handle the difficult journey. ____47____ they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases. The metal protects the books from the heavy rains that fall in the area.
Indonesia has ____48____ (it) own difficulties. The country has over 17,000 islands. Most people travel by boat and they also carry their books by boat. A library boat holds about 500 books in boxes. Boxes of books are left in villages and are traded for new books a few weeks ____49____ (late).
For people who live far and can’t get to a library, this kind of library can bring more than books. It ____50____ (bring) a whole world of information.
【答案】
41．no    42．useful    43．walk    44．kilos    45．northern    46．by    47．Because    48．its    49．later    50．brings
【导语】本文主要讲述了肯尼亚，泰国和印度尼西亚为了满足那些偏远地区的孩子们对书的需求，建了一些与众不同的图书馆，给他们带来了整个信息世界。
41．句意：但是没有路通向他们的家，只有绵延数英里的沙子。根据“only miles and miles of sand.”可知，此处是没有路，no“没有”符合语境。故填no。
42．句意：汽车和卡车都没用，所以图书馆的书是骆驼背着来的。根据“so library books arrive on the packs of camels.”可知，汽车和卡车都没有用，空处用形容词useful“有用的”作表语。故填useful。
43．句意：两只骆驼，一个赶骆驼的，和一个图书管理员一起向村庄走去。本句缺少谓语动词，时态为一般现在时，主语是Two camels, a camel driver, and a librarian，为复数，谓语动词用原形。故填walk。
44．句意：一头骆驼驮着大约180公斤的书，另一头驮着一顶帐篷。根据“180”可知，名词用复数。故填kilos。
45．句意：泰国北部山区的一些人以不同的方式获得书籍。根据“...Thailand”可知，空处用形容词northern作定语。故填northern。
46．句意：他们的“图书馆”由大象驮着。根据“are carried ... elephants.”可知，此处用介词by，后跟动作的执行者。故填by。
47．句意：因为它们很大，所以可以装很多书在金属盒里。根据“... they are large, they can carry many books in metal cases.”可知，句子前后是因果关系，用because引导原因状语从句，句首首字母大写。故填Because。
48．句意：印度尼西亚也有自己的困难。根据“... own difficulties”可知，空处用形容词性物主代词its作定语。故填its。
49．句意：成箱成箱的书被留在村里，几周后被用来换新书。根据“a few weeks...”可知，是指几周后，用副词later“……之后”。故填later。
50．句意：它带来了整个信息世界。本文时态为一般现在时，主语是单数，谓语动词也用单数。故填brings。
（2023·浙江温州·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式。

Lucas, a four-year-old penguin, could not walk freely. He ____51____ (suffer) from the foot disease and got the terrible blisters on his left foot and legs. As a result, the ____52____ (Africa) penguin had trouble walking for more than three years.
Dr. Beth Bicknese from the zoo said, “Lucas is one of the first ____53____ (bird) that I raise here. He was just an egg ____54____ I first met him. It is really a pity to see him move slowly. So we have kept trying to do something for him and help him live normally.”
The workers ____55____ (dress) the penguin in a special kind of shoes recently. With the help of ____56____ (this) shoes, he is able to take part in some daily activities-such as climbing the rocks, swimming and finding a proper mate ____57____ (easy) than before.
“____58____ our surprise, Lucas changed immediately after we fitted him with his new boots. Seeing him move about now gives us hope. We believe he ____59____ (live) a full life.” said Debbie Denton, ____60____ experienced worker at the San Diego Zoo.
【答案】51．suffered    52．African    53．birds    54．when    55．have dressed    56．these    57．more easily    58．To    59．will live##is going to live    60．an
【导语】本文主要讲述了一个四岁的企鹅因左脚左腿患有严重的疾病而不能走路，动物园里的博士为它设计了特殊的靴子，帮助它能正常地生活。企鹅也因为靴子，改变了不少。
51．句意：它忍受着脚的疾病，并且左脚和腿上有着严重的水泡。根据语境事情发生在过去，所以时态为一般过去时。谓语动词suffer变为过去式suffered。故填suffered。
52．句意：因此，这只非洲鸽子三年多以来行走困难。空格上应是形容词修饰“penguin”，所以Africa变为形容词African。故填African。
53．句意：动物园里的Beth Bicknese博士说“卢卡斯是我在这里饲养的第一批鸟之一。”根据one of +名词复数，所以bird应变成复数birds。故填birds。
54．句意：当我第一次见到它时他还是一枚蛋。根据语境可知，空格上缺一个时间连词“当……时”when，故填when。
55．句意：最近工作人员给这只鸽子穿上了一种特制的靴子。根据“recently”可判断时态为现在完成时“have/has+动词过去分词”，由于主语是复数，所以用have dressed。故填have dressed。
56．句意：在这些靴子的帮助下，他能参加一些日常活动。根据“shoes”是复数，所以应是“这些”these，故填these。
57．句意：在这些靴子的帮助下，他能比以前更容易参加一些日常活动，例如爬岩石，游泳，找到合适的伙伴。根据“than”可知，使用比较级，空格上修饰动词find，应是副词。故填more easily。
58．句意：令我们吃惊的是，卢卡斯快速地改变了。根据固定短语“to one’s surorise”令某人吃惊，所以应是to放句首要大写。故填To。
59．句意：我们相信他将会过上充实的生活。根据语境此句的时态为将来时，借助will/be going to。所以应是will live/is going to live。故填will live/is going to live。
60．句意：一个有经验的工人Debbie Denton说：“我们相信他将会过上充实的生活。”根据语境空格上缺少一个冠词表示泛指，意为“一个”，因为“experienced”是元音音素开头，用an。故填an。
（2023·山东济南·统考一模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Henry works in a factory. He comes from a poor family and was in school for only four years. He has to do the hard work. But he ____61____ (pay) only a little. He likes to watch football ____62____ (match) very much and spends much time on them.
One day, there ____63____ (be) an important football match on the playground. He borrowed some money ____64____ his friend and hurried there. There were a lot of people there. And all the tickets were sold out. He was sorry for it. He saw a pole (杆子) outside the playground and climbed it quickly. While he ____65____ (watch) the match, a policeman came and said, “It is dangerous ____66____ (stay) on it! Come down!”
“Wait a minute, please!” Henry said and just at that moment the policeman ____67____ (hear) cheers on the playground and asked, “Which team has kicked a goal?” “Ours!” “Wonderful! I believe our team ____68____ (kick) another goal soon. You can stay there, but take care,” the policeman said ____69____ (happy) and left. When the match would be soon over, he came back again and asked, “Who has won?” “Theirs, 3: 2.” “Come down,” the policeman said angrily. “Such a match is not worth watching!”
Henry had to come down. But soon they heard cheers again. The policeman said in ____70____ hurry, “Climb up quickly and see who kicked a goal.”
【答案】61．is paid    62．matches    63．was    64．from    65．was watching    66．to stay    67．heard    68．will kick    69．happily    70．a
【导语】本文主要讲述了同为球迷的Henry与警察在一场足球比赛期间发生的有趣故事。
61．句意：但是他得到的报酬只有一点点。根据“He has to do the hard work.”可知，时态是一般现在时，主语he与pay之间是动宾关系，因此用被动语态“be+动词的过去分词”，主语是三单，be用is。故填is paid。
62．句意：他很喜欢看足球比赛，花很多时间在上面。空处表示足球比赛这一类别，因此用复数形式。故填matches。
63．句意：一天，操场上有一场重要的足球比赛。本句为there be句型，由“an important football match”可知，be用单数，且由“One day”可知，时态用一般过去时，因此be用was。故填was。
64．句意：他向朋友借了些钱，匆匆赶到了那里。borrow sth from sb“向某人借某物”。故填from。
65．句意：当他正在看比赛时，一名警察过来说，“待在上面是危险的！下来！”根据“While he ... the match, a policeman came and said”可知，此处表示当他正在看比赛时，句子用进行时，且本段时态为一般过去时，因此空处用过去进行时“was/were+doing”，主语he是单数，be用was。故填was watching。
66．句意：待在上面是危险的！it is+形容词+to do sth“做某事是……”，空处用不定式作真正主语。故填to stay。
67．句意：Henry说着，就在这时，警察听到操场上传来欢呼声，问道，“哪个队踢进球了？”根据“Henry said”可知，时态用一般过去时，因此空处谓语动词用过去式heard。故填heard。
68．句意：我相信我们队很快会再进一球。根据“soon”可知，时态用一般将来时“will+动词原形”。故填will kick。
69．句意：警察高兴地说着离开了。空处用副词happily修饰动词said。故填happily。
70．句意：警察急忙说，“快爬上去，看看谁踢进球了。” in a hurry“匆忙，赶快”，固定短语。故填a。
（2023·河北唐山·统考一模）根据短文内容及所给提示，在文中的空白处填写个正确的单词。
It was Saturday morning. David’s two-year-old baby sister Katy was sleeping. David was ____71____ (lie) on the sofa in the living room when his mother came in.
“I want to buy some ____72____ (vegetable) from the supermarket. You can stay here with Katy, ____73____ go to the shops for me. Which do you want to do?” It was ____74____ hot day and David didn’t want to go out. “I’ll stay with Katy,” he said. “That will be ____75____ (easy) than going shopping.”
However, Katy woke ____76____ five minutes after Mom left and began to shout. David gave her some ____77____ (toy), read her a story and painted a picture with her. ____78____ (final), he had to tidy Katy’s room. When ____79____ (he) mother came home, he said, “I’ve been very busy and I’m very tired now! I ____80____ (choose) the wrong job!”
【答案】71．lying    72．vegetables    73．or    74．a    75．easier    
76．up    77．toys    78．Finally    79．his    80．chose

【导语】本文讲述了大卫不想帮妈妈去超市买菜，他觉得待在家里更舒服。结果两岁的妹妹醒了，他又陪妹妹玩儿，又收拾房间，过得非常忙碌。
71．句意：大卫正躺在客厅的沙发上，这时他的母亲进来了。根据“when his mother came in”可知，主句时态用过去进行时，lie“躺着”需变为现在分词lying。故填lying。
72．句意：我想去超市买一些蔬菜。vegetable“蔬菜”，可数名词，some修饰可数名词复数。故填vegetables。
73．句意：你可以和凯蒂待在这里，也可以帮我去商店买菜。根据“You can stay here with Katy, … go to the shops for me.”可知，前后是选择关系，用or“或者”连接。故填or。
74．句意：那天天气很热，大卫不想出去。“day”是可数名词单数，“hot”以辅音音素开头，泛指很热的一天，空处需填不定冠词a。故填a。
75．句意：那会比去购物更容易。be动词后接形容词作表语，“than”前用形容词比较级。故填easier。
76．句意：然而，凯蒂在妈妈离开五分钟后醒来，开始大喊大叫。wake up“醒来”，固定短语。故填up。
77．句意：大卫给了她一些玩具，给她读了一个故事，并和她一起画了一幅画。toy“玩具”，可数名词，some修饰可数名词复数。故填toys。
78．句意：最后，他不得不整理凯蒂的房间。空处位于句首，逗号前，应填副词修饰整个句子，finally“最后”符合，首字母大写。故填Finally。
79．句意：当他的母亲回家时，他说：“我一直很忙，现在很累！我选错了任务！”修饰名词“mother”用形容词性物主代词，his“他的”符合。故填his。
80．句意：当他的母亲回家时，他说：“我一直很忙，现在很累！我选错了任务！”大卫选择待在家是他说这句话之前发生的事情，时态用一般过去时，动词choose用过去式。故填chose。
（2023·广东深圳·深圳中学校联考一模）阅读下面短文，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中所给词语的正确形式填空。
We all heard the story of Nvwa patching up (修补) the sky with melted coloured stones. Many years passed and troubles broke out again. One of them ___81___ (be) a big flood. It appeared in the Yellow River during the rule of Emperor Yao, and the people ___82___ (force) to give up their villages and go to live in trees or mountains. The flood brought great damage to the ___83___ (people) life. Emperor Yao felt sorry for the suffering of the people, so he asked Gun to solve the problem. Receiving the order, Gun led his team to build dikes (堤坝) to keep back the water ___84___ failed. Then Shun, the next emperor, ordered Gun’s son Yu to continue with the work after Gun died.
Yu accepted the work and found that it was much ___85___ (difficult) than he had thought. But he fought against the great flood bravely. For thirteen years, he put ___86___ (he) to his work. He passed his house three times but he did not enter it. Drawing a lesson from his father’s failure, he used methods of channeling and dredging (挖道和疏浚) and controlled the great flood ___87___ (success). He did so much ___88___ the people that they called him “Yu the Great” and Emperor Shun chose him as the next emperor.
Yu won the trust of his emperor and the people with his great effort. He was such ___89___ wise, strong-minded and great person that he is worth _____90_____ (learn) from. We will remember him forever.
【答案】81．was    82．were forced    83．people’s    84．but    85．more difficult    
86．himself    87．successfully    88．for    89．a    90．learning
【导语】本文主要介绍了大禹治水的故事。
81．句意：其中一次是大洪水。根据“Many years passed and troubles broke out again.”可知，此处的时态为一般过去时，主语 One of them 是单数，因此be动词用was。故填was。
82．句意：它出现在黄帝统治时期的黄河中，人们被迫放弃村庄，去树上或山上生活。主语the people与动词force之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态；这里讲述过去发生的事情，因此用一般过去时的被动语态，主语the people是复数，因此be动词用were，force的过去分词为forced。故填were forced。
83．句意：洪水给人民的生活带来了巨大的破坏。这里修饰名词life，应该用名词所有格形式，people的名词所有格为people’s。故填people’s。
84．句意：接到命令后，鲧带领他的团队建造堤坝以阻挡洪水，但没有成功。根据“failed”可知，这里表示转折，因此用but。故填but。
85．句意：禹接受了这项工作，发现这比他想象的要困难得多。根据“than”可知，这里用difficult的比较级more difficult。故填more difficult。
86．句意：十三年来，他全身心地投入到工作中。根据“he put…to his work.”可知，这里指他全身心地投入到工作中，需用反身代词himself。故填himself。
87．句意：他从父亲的失败中吸取了教训，采用了通渠疏浚的方法，成功地控制了大洪水。修饰动词controlled，需用副词修饰，success的副词为successfully。故填successfully。
88．句意：他为人民做了很多事情，人们称他为“禹大帝”，顺帝选择他为下一任皇帝。根据“He did so much…the people”可知，这里指他为人民做了很多事情，用介词for。故填for。
89．句意：他是一个如此明智、意志坚定和伟大的人，值得向他学习。根据“person”可知，这里表示泛指，wise是以辅音音素开头的单词，因此用a修饰。故填a。
90．句意：他是一个如此明智、意志坚定和伟大的人，值得向他学习。根据“he is worth…from.”可知，这里是be worth doing sth.意为“值得做某事”，需用learn的动名词learning。故填learning。
（2023·湖北襄阳·统考一模）阅读下面的短文，在短文空白处填入一个适当的单词，或填入括号中所给单词的正确形式使短文的意思完整，句子通顺，语法正确。
When Suansuan first read The land of Peach Blossom (《桃花源记》) in her high school Chinese textbook, she didn’t think too much about it. One day in college, she remembered ____91____ essay again. After furthering her studies, she realized that there is more than she first saw to the 320-word text.
    For example, the land of peach blossom not only appears in Tao Yuanming’s essay, but also in many poems, paintings and ____92____ (play). The fisherman in the text doesn’t have a name, for he is a symbol of a special group of people—the hermits (隐士). Suansuan also compares the “cave heaven (洞天)” in Taoism (道教) ____93____ the “Allegory of the Cave (洞穴隐喻)” by ancient Greek philosopher Plato.  
    The simple text became much more fun and attractive to Suansuan. She want ____94____ (share) her ideas with more people—by making videos. To better present her ideas, she paints in her videos. For a video under 10 minutes in length, she may draw up to 80 drafts (画稿).  
    Starting in May 2019, she ____95____ (make) more than 50 videos. Seven are about the ____96____ (hide) stories behind some texts in Chinese textbooks. The rest ____97____ (be) about learning methods and other works of literature (文学). These have earned her more than 1.5 million fans on Bilibili, many of whom are teenagers. They have left bullet comments and messages of thanks. They say she has made their school life ____98____ (interesting).  
    Suansuan said the two things ____99____ bring her the most happiness are learning and ____100____ (create). Making videos combines both. So she will keep doing it.
【答案】91．the    92．plays    93．with    94．to share    95．has made    96．hidden    97．are    98．more interesting    99．which##that    100．creating
【导语】本文讲述了一个大学生开始制作关于中国教科书中一些文本背后隐藏的故事以及学习方法和其他文学作品的视频。
91．句意：在大学的一天，她又想起了那篇文章。此处是指上文提到的《桃花源记》这篇文章，应用定冠词the表示特指。故填the。
92．句意：例如，《桃花源记》不仅出现在陶渊明的散文中，也出现在许多诗歌、绘画和戏剧中。play“戏剧”，可数名词，此处应用复数和前面名词并列。故填plays。
93．句意：酸酸还将道教中的“洞天”与古希腊哲学家柏拉图的“洞穴隐喻”进行了比较。compare...with...“把……和……作比较”，是固定表达，符合语境。故填with。
94．句意：她想通过制作视频与更多人分享她的想法。want to do sth“想要做某事”，是固定表达。故填to share。
95．句意：从2019年5月开始，她已经制作了50多部视频。根据“Starting in May 2019”可知，此处是表示动作的延续，应用现在完成时，主语是she，助动词用has。故填has made。
96．句意：其中七个是关于中国教科书中一些文本背后隐藏的故事。hide“隐藏”，动词。空后是名词，所以此空应作定语。hidden“隐藏的”符合语境。故填hidden。
97．句意：其余的是关于学习方法和其他文学作品。根据前后句可知，句子是一般现在时，主语“The rest”表示“其余部分”，be动词用are，故填are。
98．句意：他们说她使他们的学校生活更有趣了。根据上文可知，从2019年5月开始，酸酸已经制作了50多部视频，这使许多青少年的的学校生活比以前更有趣了。所以此处应用形容词比较级。故填more interesting。
99．句意：酸酸说，学习和创造是她最快乐的两件事。分析题干可知，此句是定语从句。先行词表示事物，空处作从句的主语，所以用which或that都可以。故填which/that。
100．句意：酸酸说，学习和创造是她最快乐的两件事。create“创造”，动词。空处应用v-ing和learning并列。故填creating。
（2023·江苏徐州·校考一模）用括号中所给的单词的正确形式填空，使短文完整，通顺。
“Have you ____101____ (eat) your meal?” It is traditionally the first sentence coming out of our mind when Chinese greet each other. This can best show that food culture is important in our ____102____ (day) life. China has so many kinds of delicious food that it has a much longer history and ____103____ (rich) food culture than many other places in the world.
On the one hand, many famous people, known as epicures（美食家）, made great contributions to Chinese food culture. Su Dongpo born in the Song Dynasty had a gift not only for excellent ____104____ (write) but also for unusual cooking. He created Dongpo Pork which ____105____ (be) a popular and highly praised dish.
Another person is Yuan Mei, who also played a very important role in ____106____ (develop) Chinese food culture. In his book Sui Man Shi Dan, Yuan Mei talked about special cooking skills and dishes from both northern and ____107____ (south) areas. This book covers over 300 dishes popular in 18th-century China.
On the other hand, people believe that each food has ____108____ (it) own characteristics of yin and yang. The Chinese philosophy（哲学）of yin and yang influences food cooking and taste a lot. Yin foods are thin, cool and low in calories. Yang foods are rich, spicy, warming and high in calories. ____109____ (cook) food in hot water makes it more yin, while cooking with hot oil makes it more yang. As a result, different cooking ____110____ (method) can make cooking practice richer and may change food’s characteristics of yin and yang.
【答案】101．eaten    102．daily    103．richer    104．writing    105．is    
106．developing    107．southern    108．its    109．Cooking    110．methods
【导语】本文介绍了中国的一些饮食文化以及许多著名的美食家对中国的饮食文化做出了巨大的贡献。
101．句意：你吃过饭了吗？根据“Have”可知本句是现在完成时，动词用过去分词，故填eaten。
102．句意：这最能说明饮食文化在我们的日常生活中很重要。day表示“白天”，此处是指日常生活，应用daily life。故填daily。
103．句意：中国有如此多种类的美食，它比世界上许多其他地方有更悠久的历史和更丰富的饮食文化。根据“than”可知形容词用比较级richer。故填richer。
104．句意：宋朝的苏东坡不仅有出色的文笔，也有非凡的厨艺。write“写”，动词。此处是指苏东坡的文笔很出色，应用名词writing。故填writing。
105．句意：他创造了东坡肉，这是一个受欢迎和高度赞扬的菜肴。此句是描述一个事实，东坡肉是一个受欢迎和高度赞扬的菜肴，主语是一件事，be动词用is。故填is。
106．句意：她对中国饮食文化的发展也起到了非常重要的作用。空前有介词in，动词用动名词形式，故填developing。
107．句意：谈到了北方和南方地区的特殊烹饪技巧和菜肴。根据and前的“northern”可知此处应用southern表示“南方的”。故填southern。
108．句意：另一方面，人们认为每种食物都有其自身的阴阳特征。it是代词主格，此处是修饰空后的名词，应用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。
109．句意：用热水烹煮食物使其更阴，而用热油烹煮食物使其更阳。cook“烹饪”，动词。此处应用其动名词形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。故填Cooking。
110．句意：因此，不同的烹饪方法可以使烹饪实践更加丰富，并可能改变食物的阴阳特性。method“方法”，可数名词，此处是指不同的烹饪方法，应用复数，故填methods。
（2023·山东东营·校联考一模）阅读下面短文，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空(必要时可加情态动词或助动词)
In an old building in Peking University, a yellow light shone into the old and dark hours of the night. The famous translator Xu Yuanchong ____111____ (sit) behind the window and staring at the computer screen. He enjoyed ____112____ (work) by himself from 10:00 p.m. to 4:00 a.m. For him, the quiet night was a valuable time to focus on translation. He was exploring how ____113____ (spread) Chinese culture abroad by translating Chinese beauty into Western beauty.
Xu was born into a literary family in Nanchang on April 18th, 1921 and died on June 17th, 2021. When he was little, he ____114____ (influence) by his mother who was interested in literature. Xu ____115____ (begin) to translate Chinese poetry into both English and French when he was still a teenager. He ____116____ (be) a professional translator for more than eighty years. He learnt that Chinese and European languages were very different. Only about half of the words in these languages could be translated word-for-word. This is why translators ____117____ (have) a creative mind. They always ____118____ (try) to improve their translations to make sure they are correct and beautiful.
Xu’s motto is: Good, better, best. Never ____119____ (let) it rest. Until your good is better and your better is best. Although Xu was widely considered to be the best, he never stopped trying to become better.
The more you learn and the harder you study, the better you ____120____ (become). There is always room for improvement.
【答案】111．was sitting    112．working    113．to spread    114．was influenced    115．began    116．has been    117．should have    118．are trying    119．let    120．will become
【导语】本文讲述许渊冲的生平，他的日常生活和翻译心得。
111．句意：著名的翻译家许渊冲正坐在窗后认真看着电脑屏幕。根据“and staring”及“He enjoyed”可知是过去进行时，主语是单数，谓语动词用“was sitting”。故填was sitting。
112．句意：他喜欢从下午十点独自工作到凌晨四点。根据“He enjoyed…by himself from 10:00 p.m. to 4:00 a.m.”可知此处应是enjoy doing“享受做某事”，故填working。
113．句意：他在探索如何把中国的美翻译成西方的美，把中国文化传播到国外。此处用“疑问词+动词不定式”。故填to spread。
114．句意：当他小的时候，他受到了对文学感兴趣的母亲的影响。根据“was”可知是一般过去时，根据“by”可知主语和动词之间是被动关系，主语是单数，谓语动词用“was influenced”。故填was influenced。
115．句意：当许渊冲还是一个青少年的时候，他开始把中国的诗歌翻译成英语和法语。根据“when he was still a teenager.”可知是一般过去时，故动词要用过去式。故填began。
116．句意：他做专业翻译已经有80多年了。根据“for more than eighty years”可知，是for+段时间，与现在完成时连用，主语为he，助动词用has。故填has been。
117．句意：这是为什么翻译家应该有一个创造的思维。根据“This is why translators…a creative mind.”可知此处应填动词，结合语境可知翻译家应该有创造性思维，故填should have。
118．句意：他们一直在努力改进自己的翻译，以确保正确和优美。根据“They always…to improve their translations to make sure they are correct and beautiful.”可知此处应是always be doing“一直做某事”，故填are trying。
119．句意：永不停息。根据“Never…it rest.”可知此处应是祈使句的否定，此处用动词原形，故填let。
120．句意：你学得越多，学得越努力，你会变得越好。根据“The more you learn and the harder you study, the better you ...”，可知是the+比较级…, the+比较级…“越……，越……”，学得越多越努力，会变得越好，故要用一般将来时will do。故填will become。