【期末考点专题】（牛津上海版）2022-2023学年八年级英语下学期：专题05- 重点语法知识梳理一：现在完成时及拓展专练50题 练习（原卷+解析）

这是一份【期末考点专题】（牛津上海版）2022-2023学年八年级英语下学期：专题05- 重点语法知识梳理一：现在完成时及拓展专练50题 练习（原卷+解析），文件包含期末专题复习牛津上海版2022-2023学年八年级英语下学期专题05-重点语法知识梳理一现在完成时及拓展专练50题解析版docx、期末专题复习牛津上海版2022-2023学年八年级英语下学期专题05-重点语法知识梳理一现在完成时及拓展专练50题原卷版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共39页， 欢迎下载使用。

专题05 重点语法知识梳理一：现在完成时及拓展练50题
Grammar 1：现在完成时专题


现在完成时
比较：I live in Shanghai. 我住在上海。（一般现在时）
I moved to Shanghai ten years ago. 十年前我搬到上海住了。（一般过去时）
I have lived in Shanghai for ten years. 我在上海住了十年了。（现在完成时）
Ⅰ.构成
现在完成时由“have / has+过去分词”构成。
其中的have / has 为助动词，构成疑问句时，可将其提前；构成否定句时，可直接在其后加not。

Ⅱ.用法
1. 表结果：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响和结果，可以和already, yet, just等连用。
I have already posted the photos. 我已经把照片寄了。（照片不在我这里了）
--have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？
--Yes, I have just had it. 是的，我吃了，我刚刚吃过。（现在不饿了）
2. 表继续：表示过去已经开始，持续到现在，还可能继续下去的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间的状语连用。如：this morning, these days, in the last (past)…, since, for a long time 等。
They have lived here since 1989. 自从1989年以来，他们就住在这里。
She has been there for over two years. 她在那里两年多了。
3. 表经验：表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事情，常和never, ever, once, three times, before等连用。
I have never been to Egypt before. 我以前从没去过埃及。
He has been to Egypt three times. 他去过埃及3次了。
【小试牛刀】
( ) 1. I___ the book yet.
A. haven't read B. hadn't read C. don't read D. am not reading
( ) 2. They left for Beijing last month and we ___ them ever since.
A. don't hear from B. haven't heard from
C. won't hear from D. didn't hear from
( ) 3. He says he___ the book several times already this year.
A. had read B. has read C. will read D. is reading

答案. 1-3 ABB

Ⅲ. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
1. 现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的影响、生成的结果等等，而一般过去时只表示在过去的时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，强调动作，前者强调影响。
(1)A: Have you seen the film ? 你看过这部电影吗？
　B: Did you see the film ? 你看过这部电影吗？
A句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；B句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
(2)A: She has watered the flowers.　她已经浇了花。（不需要再浇了）
　B: She watered the flowers yesterday.　她昨天浇的花。
2. 表示过去的时间状语如： yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等，以及when为首的疑问句与一般过去时连用，而不与现在完成时连用。
(1)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （错）
Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. （对）
(2)-- Have you ever been to the great wall?
--Yes, I have.
--When did you go there?
--Last week.

Ⅳ. 瞬间动词和延续性动词
瞬间动词表示的动作顺建即可结束，不能延续，不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。
I have left Wuhan for ten days. （错）
I have been away from Wuhan for ten days. （对）
I left Wuhan ten days ago. （对）
It is ten days since I left Wuhan. （对）
Ten days has passed since I left Wuhan. （对）
瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换
Become --- be; borrow --- keep; buy--- have; come --- be here; go --- be away; leave ---be away;
marry --- be married; have got --- have; begin to study--- study; break --- be broken;
close --- be closed; die --- be dead; get up --- be up; join --- be in; lose --- be lost; open ---be open.

Ⅴ. 注意点
1. have been to, have gone to和have been in
(1) have been to 表示“过去曾去过某地”，说话时已从该地回来或去了其它地方，总之，现在已不在该地。
(2) have gone to 表示“以去了某地”，说话时不在说话地点或在去该地的途中，或已到了该地。总之，现在还未回来。
(3) have been in 表示“已在该地（待了多久）”。表示“已在小地方多久”，需用at, 而后面跟副词时只用have been，不用任何介词。
Xiao Li have been to Beijing. 小李去过北京。
Xiao Li have gone to Beijing. 小李去了北京。
Xiao Li have been in Beijing for three years. 小李在北京待了三年了。
【小试牛刀】
( ) 1. My uncle___ London for five years. But he will be back next year.
A. went B. has been in C. has gone D. has gone to
( ) 2. - Could I speak to Mrs Black, please?
- Sorry, she ___ to the library.
A. is going B. has gone C. has been D. will to
( ) 3. Peter is young, but he___ many foreign countries.
A. has been in B. has gone to C. went to D. has been to
答案： 1-3DBD

2. since的四种用法
(1) since +过去一个时间点　(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。
I have been here since 1989.
My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949.　
(2) since +一段时间+ ago
I have been here since five months ago.
(3) since +从句（从句通常用一般过去时，而主句一般用现在完成时）
Great changes have taken place since you left.
I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl.　
(4) It is （has been）+一段时间+ since从句
It is two years since I became a postgraduate student.
★比较since和for
Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here since I was born.
Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976.
【注意】：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)
I have worked here for many years.　　(现在我仍在这里工作。)
3. 在使用this morning, this afternoon, this summer等时间状语时，如说话时间仍在此范围，则用现在完成时，否则用一般过去时。
I have reviewed two lessons this morning.　今天上午我已经复习了两课。（说话时还在上午）
I reviewed two lessons this morning.　今天上午我复习了两课。（说话时已是下午或晚上）

4. 用于现在完成时的句型
(1) It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次来北京。
It was the third time that the boy had been late. 这是这个男孩第三次迟到了。
(2) This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 　 这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I've heard him sing.　这是我第一次听他唱歌。

Ⅵ. 考纲词汇拓展
1. After he won the game, his parents and relatives were very proud of him and all of his teachers took pride in him. 在赢了比赛后，他的父母和亲戚以他为傲，他所有的老师也是。
【拓展1】
feel proud of = take pride in 对...感到骄傲的
【拓展2】
win the prize/ game 赢得奖项/比赛
beat/ defeat sb. 打败某人

2. When he was only a child, he dreamt of becoming a scientist but after he grew up, he made a decision to be a teacher instead of a scientist. 当他还是个孩子的时候，他梦想成为一个科学家，但是长大后，他决定成为一名老师而不是科学家。
【拓展1】
dream of doing sth. 梦想做某事
【拓展2】
make a decision to do sth. = decide to do sth.= be determined to do sth.
= make up one’s mind to do sth. 决定做某事

3. This retired healthy leader has a lot of hobbies such as collecting stamps, enjoying the Beijing opera, taking some photos, drawing some pictures and traveling. 这个退休的身体健康的领导有许多爱好，例如收集邮票，听听京剧，拍照片，画画还有旅行。
【拓展1】
lead v.引导，带领 leader n.领导
lead sb. to sp. 带领某人去某地 lead sb. to do sth. 指引某人做某事
lead to 导致
His carelessness led to the failure of this experiment. 他的粗心导致了这次实验的失败。
【拓展2】
healthy adj.健康的 unhealthy adj.不健康的 health n.健康

4. Smoking is very bad for you so if you want to keep healthy, you had better get rid of it and take more physical exercises. 吸烟对你有害，所以如果你要保持健康，最好戒烟，多做运动。
【拓展1】
be bad for 对...有害的 近义词组： be harmful to= do harm to
反义词组：be good for 对...有好处的 be good/ kind/ nice to 对...友好的
be good at = do well in 擅长...
【拓展2】
get rid of 取消 近义词组：dispose of
5. The price of the house is too high for many ordinary people to afford, so many people begin to rent the house in the center. 房价对于很多普通人来说太高了以至于买不起，因此许多人开始在市中心租房。
【拓展1】
afford to do 支付得起（一般用于否定句和一般疑问句）
【拓展2】
价格的高低用low/ high， 东西的便宜或贵用expensive/ cheap

6. A lot of organizations hope that the government will take action to protect the lovely pandas from disappearance. 许多组织希望政府将会采取行动来保护可爱的熊猫不让其消失。
【拓展1】
organize v.组织 organic adj.有机的 organization n.组织 organized adj.有组织，有条理的
【拓展2】
take action to do sth. 采取行动做某事
active adj.积极的 actor n.男演员 actress n.女演员
【拓展3】
protect... from 保护...免受...

现在完成时拓展练50题

一、单项选择
1．It’s nice to see you again. We ________ each other since 2016.
A．hasn’t seen B．haven’t seen C．don’t see D．didn’t see
2．—When will your father come back?
—Oh, he ________. And he is cooking now.
A．arrives B．is arriving C．has arrived
3．The book just came out last month, and we ________ it yet.
A．read B．don’t read C．have read D．haven’t read
4．Henry speaks Chinese very well. He ________ in China since 2010.
A．has stayed B．stayed
C．stays D．was staying
5．The Wenchuan earthquake has passed for over ten years. During these years, great changes ________ in Sichuan and this province is becoming better and better.
A．took place B．take place
C．have taken place D．are taking place
6．Mary ________ in bed with the doll Mum has ________ beside her.
A．laid; lay B．lay; lain C．lay; laid D．laid; laid
7．—Have you _______ the food ________ the little cat? It must be hungry now.
—Oh, sorry! I forgot.
A．feed; on B．feed; to C．fed; on D．fed; to
8．Our hometown _______ a lot in recent years.
A．have changed B．have been changed
C．has changed D．has been changed
9．—You have been in Yangzhou for a long time?
—Yes. ________ I finished middle school.
A．For B．As C．When D．Since
10．Our old friends _________ a lot in recent years.
A．change B．changed
C．will change D．have changed
11．The old man ________ his dog after supper since last year.
A．has got used to walk B．has been used to walk
C．has got used to walking D．has been used to walking
12．William ________ six books, and all of them are bestsellers (畅销书).
A．is writing B．will write C．wrote D．has written
13．—May I speak to Miss Green?
—Sorry, she ________ Beijing. But she’ll come back in a few days.
A．went to B．has been to C．goes to D．has gone to
14．—Dad, I’d like to watch Everlasting Classics on CCTV-1 now.
—Oh, dear. It ________ for nearly ten minutes. Come on!
A．will begin B．will be on C．has begun D．has been on
15．—My father ________ Shanghai with my grandparents.
—Really? ________ will they come back?
A．has been to; How soon B．has gone to; How soon
C．has been in; How long D．has gone to; How long
16．—________ your homework yet?
—Not yet. I ________ it.
A．Are you doing; have done B．Will you do; are going to do
C．Have you done; still do D．Have you done; am still doing
17．—How time flies! Several years ________ since we ________ our middle school life.
—Yes. We will keep the pleasant experiences in our minds.
A．has passed; have started B．has passed; started
C．passed; have started D．have passed; will start
18．—I became a teacher 15 years ________. I have been a teacher ________ 2007.
—That means you have taught here ________ about 15 years.
A．ago; since; for B．before; for; since C．ago; in; for D．ago; since; after
19．—Where is Daniel?
—He ________ to Shanghai. He will come back in two days.
A．went B．has been C．has gone D．has went
20．Premier Zhou ________ for many years, but he still lives in the hearts of Chinese people.
A．died B．was died
C．has been dead D．has been died
21．I have learned English ________ six years. But Jim has learned it ________ ten years ago.
A．for; since B．since; since C．since; for D．for; /
22．—Excuse me, may I speak to Amy, please?
—Sorry. She ________ the library. Shall I take a message?
A．went to B．has been to C．has gone to D．has gone in
23．I haven’t done much exercise ________ I got my computer last year.
A．because B．when C．since D．before
24．You look unhappy these days. What ________ to you?
A．was happening B．have happened C．has happened D．is happening
25．— Is your father in?
— No, he ________ out ________ business for three days.
A．has gone, for B．has been, on C．went, for D．has gone, on
26．My father ______ my mother when they were both 20 years old, and they ______ for 20 years.
A．married; have married B．married with; have been married
C．got married with; have married D．married; have been married
27．—Where’s your father?
—He ________ Guangzhou.
A．has gone to B．has been to C．went to D．goes to
28．Peter ________ that camera since three years ago.
A．is buying B．will buy C．will have D．has had
29．The water in this lake _______ by the factories around it.
A．be polluted B．pollute C．was polluted D．being polluted
30．—He ________ exercise in the park every morning when he was young.
—Yes, but now the life he was used to ________ a lot.
A．used to; changing B．was used to; has changed
C．was used to; changing D．used to; has changed
31．—It’s said that two years ________ since the old man _________.  
—I’m sorry to hear that.
A．has passed, has dead B．has passed, died C．have passed, died D．have passed, has died
32．—Why not play basketball with Class 1 this afternoon?
—Because they ________ Huai’an for a school trip.
A．have gone to B．have been to
C．had gone to D．had been to
33．Mr Smith ________ here for almost ten years, and he has many Chinese friends.
A．has been B．left C．has come D．came
34．—Huai’an is very beautiful. I ________ there last year.
—Yes, I ________ there twice.
A．went; have gone B．went; have been
C．have gone; went D．have been; went
35．—Hi, Tom! ________ you ever ________ the Bird’s Nest?
—Yes, I have. It’s fantastic (极好的).
A．Have; been to B．Have; gone to C．Did; go to D．Do; go to
36．He in this factory for 20 years already.
A．will work B．works C．has worked D．is working
37．Since then, they ________ each other.
A．haven’t met B．don’t meet C．didn’t meet D．won’t meet
38．—Where is your father, May?
—He ________ to Australia and will be back in a week.
A．will go B．goes C．has been D．has gone
39．—Can you tell me something about London?
—I’m sorry, but neither Jack nor I ________ there.
A．have been B．has been C．have gone D．has gone
40．Don’t return the video to Peter. I ________ it.
A．don’t watch B．won’t watch
C．haven’t watched D．wasn’t watch
41．—May I speak to Mr. Lee?
—Sorry, he ________ Harbin. He ________ the city for two days.
A．has been to; has been in
B．has gone to; has been to
C．has gone to; has been in
D．has been to; has been to
42．The hero ________ many flowers and letters these days.
A．received B．has received C．accepted D．has accepted
43．—Is your father at home now?
—No, he ________ to Fan Changjiang Memorial with his friends.
A．has been B．has gone C．will go D．went
44．—_________ you ________ these young trees?
—Not yet.
A．Did; water B．Have; watered C．Are; watering D．Do; water
45．Though I ________ the film three times, I hope to see it again.
A．see B．will see C．have seen D．would see
46．The little girl’s story has ________ my heart. I’ll try my best to help her.
A．touch B．touched C．take D．taken
47．A couple of years ________ since we _________ last time.
A．have passed; have met B．has past; met
C．has passed; met D．has past; have met
48．The man ________ Shanghai an hour ago, so he ________ for an hour.
A．has left; has left B．left; has left C．left; has been away D．has left; left
49．It’s the third time you ________ late for school this week.
A．were B．are C．had been D．have been
50．Jack _________ Rose in 2000. That is to say, they ________ for nearly 23 years.
A．got married with; have got married B．got married to; have married
C．married; have been married D．married to; have been married
参考答案：
1．B
【详解】句意：很高兴再次见到你。我们从2016年就没见过面了。
考查动词时态。根据“since 2016”可知，该句使用现在完成时，主语是We，结构是have done，故选B。
2．C
【详解】句意：——你爸爸什么时候回来？——噢，他已经到了，他现在正做饭呢。
考查动词时态。根据“he is cooking now”可知爸爸已经回来了，应用现在完成时，表示动作已经发生，且对现在产生影响，其结构为have/has done。故选C。
3．D
【详解】句意：这本书上个月才出版，我们还没读过呢。
考查动词时态和否定句。根据“The book just came out last month”和yet可知，时态是现在完成时，且yet常用于否定句，所以用haven’t read。故选D。
4．A
【详解】句意：亨利中文说得很好。自2010年以来，他一直留在中国。
考查现在完成时。根据时间状语“since 2010”可知，此句应用现在完成时，谓语结构为have/has done。故选A。
5．C
【详解】句意：汶川地震过去十余年了。这些年来，四川发生了巨大的变化并且这个省正变得越来越好。
考查动词时态和语态。take place“发生”是不及物动词短语，没有被动语态，排除D；根据“these years”可知，过去直到现在这段时间里发生的变化应该使用现在完成时，结构是have done。故选C。
6．C
【详解】句意：玛丽躺在床上，旁边是妈妈放在她身边的玩偶。
考查动词辨析。lie平躺，过去式为lay，过去分词为lain；lay放置，过去式为laid，过去分词为laid。分析句子，选空一表示“躺在床上”，时态为一般过去时，故应用动词lie的过去式lay；由“beside her”可知此处表达“放置”，根据“has”可知句子为现在完成时，故应用动词lay的过去分词laid。故选C。
7．D
【详解】句意：——你把食物喂给小猫了吗？它现在肯定饿了。——哦，对不起！我忘了。
考查时态以及动词短语。feed...to...“把……喂给……”，排除AC；助动词have后加过去分词，构成现在完成时。故选D。
8．C
【详解】句意：我的家乡最近这些年发生了很大的变化。
考查谓语动词时态。根据“in recent years”可知应用现在完成时，主语Our hometown是第三人称单数且与动词change之间是主动关系，不需要用被动语态。故选C。
9．D
【详解】句意：——你在扬州待了很长时间了吧？——是的。自从我初中毕业后。
考查连词辨析。For因为；As由于，随着……；When当……的时候；Since自从。根据“You have been in Yangzhou for a long time?”可知，时态为现在完成时，所以用since引导一般过去时从句，表示“从初中毕业以后到现在为止一直待在扬州”。故选D。
10．D
【详解】句意：近年来，我们的老朋友发生了很大的变化。
考查时态。根据“in recent years”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选D。
11．D
【详解】句意：自从去年，老人已经习惯饭后遛狗。
考查短暂性和延续性动作。根据“since last year”可知应用现在完成时，且动作应是延续性的动作，结合选项，应用be used to表示延续性动作，短语be used to doing sth表示“习惯做某事”，其后接动名词。故选D。
12．D
【详解】句意：威廉写了六本书，并且它们都是畅销书。
考查现在完成时。根据“and all of them are bestsellers.”可知，此处强调动作已经完成，对现在造成的影响是很畅销，应用现在完成时，其结构为have/has done。故选D。
13．D
【详解】句意：——我可以找格林小姐接电话吗？——对不起，她去北京了。但是她将在几天后回来。
考查时态。went to去，是一般过去时；has been to去过，已经回来了，是现在完成时；goes to去，是一般现在时；has gone to去了，还没有回来，是现在完成时。根据“But she’ll come back in a few days.”可知，她将在几天后回来，因此去了北京，现在还没有回来，因此用has gone to，故选D。
14．D
【详解】句意：——爸爸，我现在想在CCTV-1看《永恒的经典》。——哦，亲爱的。它已经开始了将近十分钟。来吧！
考查谓语动词时态。根据“for nearly ten minutes”可知应用现在完成时，表示动作的持续，应用延续性动词，选项C中begun是短暂性动作，不符合，be on是延续性动词。故选D。
15．B
【详解】句意：——我的爸爸和我的爷爷奶奶去了上海。——真的吗？他们多久会回来？
考查现在完成时和特殊疑问句。How soon 多久，一般对将来时间进行提问；How long多长，一般对时间长短进行提问；has been to 是已经去过某处，并且已经回来了；has gone to 是已经去了某处，但是到目前为止还没有回来；has been in 待在某地。结合“will they come back”可知表示去了某地用have/has gone to，主语“my father”为第三人称单数，用has；结合“will they come back”可知是询问多久之后，用how soon提问，故选B。
16．D
【详解】句意：——你做完作业了吗？——还没有。我仍然在做。
考查时态。根据“yet”可知此处用现在完成时have/has done，排除AB；根据“Not yet. I...it”可知还没有完成，现在正在做，用现在进行时be doing。故选D。
17．B
【详解】句意：——时光飞逝！自从我们开始中学生活已经过去几年了。——是的。我们会把愉快的经历留在我们的脑海里。
考查时态。根据since可知，此处指从过去某一时间开始延续至今，主句现在完成时，从句一般过去时。故选B。
18．A
【详解】句意：——15年前我成为了一名教师。自从2007年以来我一直是老师。——这意味着你已经在这里教了大约15年了。
考查介词用法。根据动词“became”可知时态为一般过去时，15 years ago“十五年前”，是表示过去的时间短语；根据“have been”可知时态为现在完成时，since+过去时间点，表示一段时间，与现在完成时态连用；根据“about 15 years”可知for+一段时间，与现在完成时态连用。故选A。
19．C
【详解】句意：——丹尼尔在哪里？——他去上海了。他两天后回来。
考查现在完成时的用法。went过去式；has been去了（已回）；has gone去了（未回）；has went错误表达。根据“He will come back in two days.”可知，强调去了某地还未回，故选C。
20．C
【详解】句意：周总理去世多年了，但他仍然活在中国人民的心中。
考查时态和延续性动词。根据句中的时间状语“for many years”可知，时态是现在完成时，句子的动词要用延续性动词be dead，而die是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间连用。故选C。
21．A
【详解】句意：我学英语已经六年了。但吉姆从十年前就学了。
考查介词辨析。for后接一段时间；since后接时间点，或一段时间+ago。第一空后“six years”是一段时间，应用for连接；第二空后是“ten years ago”，应用since连接，故选A。
22．C
【详解】句意：——打扰一下，请问我可以跟Amy讲话吗？——抱歉。她已经去了图书馆。需要我留言么？
考查现在完成时。went to去；has been to去过（已经回来）；has gone to去了（去了仍未回）；has gone in无此用法。根据“Sorry.”以及“Shall I take a message?”可知，此处应用has gone to，表示“已经去了图书馆”。故选C。
23．C
【详解】句意：自从去年有了电脑，我就很少锻炼了。
考查连词辨析。because因为；when当……的时候；since自从；before在……之前。由题干可知本句为现在完成时，分析句子可推断这里表示“自从去年我有了电脑”，“since”表示“自从”，用于现在完成时的句子里。故选C。
24．C
【详解】句意：这些天你看起来不高兴。你怎么了？
考查动词时态。根据“You look unhappy these days”可知发生的事情应该是在过去，而且对现在造成了影响：“看起来不高兴”，所以应用现在完成时，what作主语，助动词应用has，故选C。
25．B
【详解】句意：——你父亲在吗？——不，他已经出差三天了。
考查时态和动词短语。on business“出差”，固定短语，第二空填on，排除A和C；根据“for three days”可知，谓语需用延续性动词，has gone是非延续性动词，排除D。故选B。
26．D
【详解】句意：我的父母在他们二十岁时结婚，他们结婚已经二十年了。
考查现在完成时延续性动词。短语“和某人结婚”用marry sb，marry是短暂性动词，用于现在完成时且表示动作延续时要变为have/has been married。根据“when they were both 20 years old”可知第一空用短动作；根据“for 20 years.”可知要用长动作。故选D。
27．A
【详解】句意：——你爸爸去哪了？——他去广州了。
考查动词时态。has gone to去了某地（未回来）；has been to去了某地（已回来）；went to去了，过去式；goes to去，三单形式。根据“Where’s your father”可知，表示已发生的动作对现在造成的影响，且谈论的人不在说话现场，用现在完成时has gone to的表达，故选A。
28．D
【详解】句意：彼得三年前就有了那台照相机。
考查动词时态。根据since three years ago可知，此处用现在完成时have/has done的结构，故选D。
29．C
【详解】句意：这个湖里的水被它周围的工厂污染。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据语境可知湖水已被污染，应用一般过去时，而主语the water和谓语动词pollute为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，其谓语结构为“was/were+done”，故选C。
30．D
【详解】句意：——当他年轻的时候，每天早上都在公园锻炼。——是的，但现在他习惯的生活已经改变了很多。
考查动词短语和现在完成时。used to曾经；was used to习惯于。根据“when he was young.”可知，他年轻时，每天都在公园晨练，used to do sth表示“过去常常做某事”，第一空应用used to；由“...but now the life he was used to...a lot.”可知，现在他习惯的生活已经改变，此处为定语从句，主句时态为现在完成时，主语为the life，第三人称单数，谓语用“has+过去分词”。故选D。
31．B
【详解】句意：——据说这位老人已经过世两年了。——我很遗憾听到那。
考查现在完成时及一般过去时。“two years”指代时间，作为整体概念，此处助动词用has，排除CD；since“自从”，引导时间状语从句，从句用一般过去时，故第二空填died。故选B。
32．A
【详解】句意：——今天下午为什么不和1班一起打篮球呢？——因为他们去淮安参加学校旅行了。
考查现在完成时。have been to去过某地，且已回来；have gone to去了某地，还未回来。根据“Because they...Huai’an for a school trip.”可知，1班去淮安了，还未回来，因此用gone to，此处是强调对现在造成的影响，所以用现在完成时。故选A。
33．A
【详解】句意：史密斯先生在这儿已经差不多十年了，他有很多中国朋友。
考查现在完成时。has been已经，现在完成时；left离开，leave的过去式或过去分词；has come已经来了，现在完成时；came来，come的过去式。根据时间状语“for almost ten years”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，且谓语动词应使用延续性动词，come和leave都是短暂性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。故选A。
34．B
【详解】句意：——淮安很漂亮。去年我去了那里。——是的，我去过两次。
考查动词时态。went去，go的过去式；have gone to去了(去了未回)；have been to去过(去了回来了)。根据时间状语“last year”可知，此处时态为一般过去时，谓语动词应使用过去式went；由“twice”可知，此处指去过淮安两次，there是地点副词，省略介词to，应使用have been。故选B。
35．A
【详解】句意：——嗨，汤姆！你去过鸟巢吗？——是的，我去过。它太好了。
考查现在完成时。根据“ever”可知句子应用现在完成时。have been to去过（已回）；have gone to去了（未回）。根据“Yes, I have.”可知是指去过了，已经回来了，故选A。
36．C
【详解】句意：他已经在这家工厂工作了二十年。
考查动词时态。根据“for 20 years already”可知用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”，主语为He，助动词用has，故选C。
37．A
【详解】句意：自从那以后，他们彼此没有再见面。
考查动词时态。根据“Since then”可知，此处是指从那个时间点到现在的情况，句子应用现在完成时。故选A。
38．D
【详解】句意：——May，你父亲在哪里？——他已经去了澳大利亚，一周后就会回来。
考查谓语动词时态。will go是一般将来时；goes是第三人称单数形式，是一般现在时；has been是现在完成时，意思是“去过某地”；has gone是现在完成时，意思是“到某地去了（还没有回来）”。根据答句可知，他到澳大利亚去了，还没有回来。故选D。
39．A
【详解】句意：——你能告诉我一些关于伦敦的事吗？——对不起，杰克和我都没去过那儿。
考查主谓一致以及现在完成时。have been to去过；have gone to去了；根据“neither Jack nor I...there”可知此处指没有去过那里，用have/has been to，排除CD；neither...nor连接的名词或代词作主语时，遵循“就近原则”，助动词和I保持一致，用have。故选A。
40．C
【详解】句意：别把录像带还给彼得。我还没看过。
考查现在完成时。根据“Don’t return the video to Peter.”可知不要还录像带，说明我还没有看，从过去到现在都没有看，要用现在完成时，故选C。
41．C
【详解】句意：——我可以和李先生说话吗？——对不起，他去了哈尔滨。他已经在城里待了两天了。
考查动词短语辨析。has been to去过某地，已经回来；has been in一直在某地，其后一般与时间段搭配；has gone to去了某地，人没回来。根据“Sorry”可知表示李先生不在这里，因此是去了还没回来，应用has gone to；根据“for two days”可知是时间段，应用has been in。故选C。
42．B
【详解】句意：这些天这位英雄收到了许多鲜花和信件。
考查动词时态和动词辨析。receive意为“收到；接到”(本身有一定的被动性)；accept意为“接受”(动作本身是主动的)。根据语境可知英雄收到鲜花和信件是被动性的，用receive；由时间状语“these days”可知，应该用现在完成时。故选B。
43．B
【详解】句意：——你爸爸现在在家吗？——不在，他和他的朋友们一起去范长江纪念馆了。
考查现在完成时。由上句“Is your father at home now?”和答语中的“No”知，此句是说他和朋友去范长江纪念馆了。此句应用现在完成时，have been to意为“去过某地”，表示人已经回来；have gone to意为“到某地去了”，人还没回来。此句是说他还没回来，故选B。
44．B
【详解】句意：——你给这些小树浇水了吗？——还没有。
考查时态。根据“Not yet”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done。故选B。
45．C
【详解】句意：虽然我看过这部电影三次，但是我希望再看一次。
考查时态。根据“three times”可知此处句子用现在完成时have/has done，表示过去的动作对现在的影响。故选C。
46．B
【详解】句意：这个小女孩的故事触动了我的心。我将尽力帮助她。
考查动词辨析和动词时态。touch触动；take拿走。根据“The little girl’s story has...my heart. I’ll try my best to help her.”可知小女孩的故事触动了我的心，所以将尽力帮助她；结合has可知本句是现在完成时，动词用过去分词，故选B。
47．C
【详解】句意：自我们上次见面，已过去好几年。
考查动词时态。since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时；主句的主语“A couple of years”为抽象时间概念，谓语动词应用has+过去分词，故选C。
48．C
【详解】句意：那个人一小时前离开了上海，所以他已经离开一个小时了。
考查时态。第一个空，根据“an hour ago”可知，句子动作发生在过去，时态用一般过去时，排除AD选项；第二个空，根据“for an hour”可知句子时态用现在完成时，而且谓语动词应用延续性动词，leave是短暂性动词，不能和一段时间for an hour连用，要用be away代替，故选C。
49．D
【详解】句意：这是本周的第三次你上学迟到。
考查时态。句型“it is+序数词+time+that从句”表示“第几次……”，从句时态应用现在完成时。故选D。
50．C
【详解】句意：杰克于2000年与罗斯结婚。也就是说，他们已经结婚将近23年了。
考查动词时态。marry sb/get married to sb“与某人结婚”，根据“in 2000”可知，第一句是一般过去时，动词用过去式；“for+一段时间”要与现在完成时连用，且动词要用延续性动词，be married是延续性动词，故选C。