Unit 2 Bridging Cultures——【期末复习】高二英语单元知识点梳理学案（人教版2019选择性必修第二册）

这是一份Unit 2 Bridging Cultures——【期末复习】高二英语单元知识点梳理学案（人教版2019选择性必修第二册），共20页。学案主要包含了词块积累，易混辨析，要点补充，句式解构，试题演练，遣词造句，参考范文，话题延伸等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2022-2023学年高二英语同步必备知识清单（人教版2019）
选择性必修第二册 Unit 2
词汇知识清单
1

Part I Reading and Thinking
1. qualification n. (通过考试或学习课程取得的)资格; 学历
Xie Lei is studying for a business qualification at a university in China and has come to our university on a year-long exchange programme.
谢蕾在中国的一所大学攻读商科, 来我校进行为期一年的交流项目。
In order to be a qualified volunteer, I have to improve myself by reading some books about Tianjin so as to know more about it.
为了成为一名合格的志愿者, 我必须通过阅读有关天津的书籍来提高自己, 以便更多地了解天津。
I think I’m qualified for the position I am applying for.
我觉得我能胜任我申请的工作。
【词块积累】
(1)qualification for. . . 　　……的资格
(2)qualify vt. & vi. (使)具有资格; (使)合格
qualify for sth. 具备……的资格
(3)qualified adj. 合格的; 有资格的
be qualified for. . . 有……的资格; 可胜任
be qualified as. . . 有当……的资格
be qualified to do. . . 能胜任, 有资格做……
2. adaptation n. 适应; 改编本; 改编
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷)On Thursday in an article published in Cell, a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food, but to the ocean.
周四在《细胞》杂志上发表的一篇文章中, 一个研究小组报告了一种新的适应方式——不是对空气或食物, 而是对海洋。
(2020·全国Ⅲ卷) People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.
埃塞俄比亚高地的人们已经适应了高海拔地区的生活。
The gifted scriptwriter helped him to adapt his novel for the screen.
这位有天赋的编剧帮助他将其所著小说改编成电影。
【词块积累】
(1)adapt to　　　　　　适应/适合……
adapt oneself to 使自己适应……
adapt. . . to do. . . 调整……以做……
(2)adapt. . . from. . . 根据……改编……
adapt. . . for 把……改写/改编成……
【易混辨析】
　　adapt与adopt在拼写上只有一个字母之差, 但在意义上却大相径庭。adopt意为“采取, 收养”, 如adopt an idea采纳观点, adopt a child收养孩子。
3. comfort n. 舒服; 安慰; 令人感到安慰的人或事物; 安逸
vt. 安慰; 抚慰
When I miss home, I feel comforted to have a second family.
想家的时候, 我为自己又拥有一个家庭而感到欣慰。
Above all, they had enough money to live in comfort in their old age.  
重要的是他们有足够的钱舒舒服服地安度晚年。
Thanks to my parents’ efforts, we live a comfortable and steady life.  
多亏了父母的努力, 我们过着舒适而又稳定的生活。
【词块积累】
(1)be a comfort to sb. 　　　对某人来说是个安慰
in comfort 舒适地
comfort sb. with sth. 用某物安慰某人
(2)comfortable adj. 舒适的; 舒服的
(3)comfortably adv. 舒适地
(4)uncomfortable adj. 不舒适的
4. participation n. 参加; 参与
Xie Lei also found many courses included students’ participation in class as part of the final result.
谢蕾还发现, 很多课程的最终成绩都包括学生的课堂参与。
(2020·天津高考)All who participated have gained a positive outcome from getting involved.
所有参与的人都从参与中获得了好的结果。
You should be willing to participate with your friend in his sufferings. 你应当愿意分担朋友的苦恼。
He has been an active participant in the discussion.
他一直积极参与这次讨论。
【词块积累】
(1)participate 　　　　　　vi. 参加; 参与
participate with sb. in sth. 与某人分担某事; 同某人一起参与某事
participate in (doing) sth. 参加/参与(做)某事
(2)participant n. 参加者; 共享者
participate 表示“参加, 参与”时, 是不及物动词, 后面一般跟in, 构成短语participate in。表示“参加”的短语还有: join in, take part in, get involved in。
【要点补充】
Encouraged by the teacher, the participants actively participated in the English speech contest. Their participation inspired the rest of the class to study hard.
在老师的鼓励下, 参与者积极参加英语演讲比赛。他们的参与鼓励了班上其他人努力学习。
5. engage vi. 参加; 参与(活动)vt. 吸引(注意力、兴趣); 雇用; 订婚
I’ll engage in John’s behavior if you decide to employ him.
如果你决定聘用约翰, 我愿为他的行为担保。
Although he was busy, he continued to engage in many activities.
虽然他很忙, 但他继续参与很多活动。
It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye.
这是一部令人赏心悦目的影片。
He is currently engaged as a consultant.
他现在受雇为顾问。
【词块积累】
(1)engage sb. (as. . . )　　　　雇用某人(当……)
engage one’s attention/interest 吸引某人的注意力/兴趣
engage in/on 从事……; 订婚
be engaged in sth. / doing sth. 忙于……, 从事……
(2)engaged adj. 忙碌的, 订了婚的
(3)engagement n. 婚约; 约会
6. involve vt. 包含; 需要; 涉及; 影响; (使)参加
They often involve consumers in trying the craft themselves.
他们经常让消费者亲自参与这种手工活动。
The job involves me travelling all over the country.
这份工作需要我在全国各地跑。
How many vehicles were involved in the crash?
这次撞车事故涉及多少辆汽车?
【词块积累】
(1)involve sb. in (doing) sth. 使某人参与(做)某事; 将某人牵涉到(做)某事中
involve doing sth. 包括做某事
(2)get/be involved with 参加; 参与; 和……关系密切
7. The first time that she had to write an essay, her tutor explained that she must acknowledge what other people had said if she cited their ideas, but that he mainly wanted to know what she thought!  
她第一次写论文时, 导师跟她解释说, 如果引用别人的观点就一定要说明, 不过导师主要是想知道她自己是怎么想的!
【句式解构】
　　句中the first time引导时间状语从句, 意为“第一次……”类似句式还有the last/next time that. . . 意为“上次/下次……”除此之外, any time/every time/each time/the moment/the instant/the minute等都可以充当连词, 引导时间状语从句。
I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her.
我第一次见到她时就觉得她很好, 很诚实。
The last time we moved house there were very few breakages.
我们上次搬家时几乎没有什么物品破损。
注意：for the first time意为“首次, 第一次”, 是介词短语, 在句中作状语。
For the first time in years, she felt in command of her life.
多少年来第一次, 她觉得生活掌握在自己的手里。
8. ambition n. 追求的目标; 夙愿; 野心; 抱负
She never achieved her ambition of becoming a famous writer.
她一直未能实现成为一名著名作家的抱负。
She was intelligent but suffered from a lack of ambition.
她很聪明, 但却缺乏远大志向。
9. speak up大声点说; 明确表态
I’m quite deaf—you’ll have to speak up.
我耳背——你得大声说。
Uncle Herbert never argued, never spoke up for himself.
赫伯特叔叔从不与人争吵, 也从不为自己辩护。
【词块积累】
speak up for　　　　　　为……说话; 支持
speak highly of 高度赞扬
10. It was the first time that she had left China.  
这是她第一次离开中国。
【句式解构】
句式“It/This/That+was+the first/the second/. . . time (that)+过去完成时”表示“第一/第二/……次……”。
It was the second time that she had subscribed to China Daily.  
这是她第二次订阅《中国日报》。
注意：(1)“It/This/That+is+the first/the second/. . . time (that)+现在完成时”表示“第一/第二/……次……”。
It is the first time that I have participated in this kind of activity.
这是我第一次参加这类活动。
(2)It is/was (about/high) time (that) . . . should do sth. /did sth. 意为“到了做某事的时间了”。相当于It is/was time for sb. to do sth. 。
It is time that we should handle/handled the difficult problem.
到了我们该处理这个难题的时间了。
Part II Using Language & Assessing Your Progress
1. applicant n. 申请人
Who will be the successful applicant for the summer job at the law firm?
谁会成功得到律师事务所的暑期工作?
The application form is important. Sit down and write it out properly.
申请表十分重要, 坐下来好好填写。
You would pass your exams if you applied yourself to reviewing. 专心复习就会通过考试。
【词块积累】
(1)apply　　　　　　vt. 涂; 敷; 搽; 应用; 运用
vi. 申请; 请求; 使用; 有效
apply sth. to 把……涂到; 把……运用到
apply oneself to 致力于; 集中精力于
apply to 适用于……
apply (to. . . )for. . . (向……)申请……
(2)application n. 申请; 应用
2. expose vt. 使接触; 使体验; 显露; 使暴露于(险境)
Don’t expose your skin to sunlight directly, or you will get sunburnt.
不要让你的皮肤直接暴晒于阳光下, 否则你会被晒伤。
Workers at the nuclear plant were exposed to high doses of radiation.
核电站的工作人员受到大量辐射。
【词块积累】
(1)expose . . . to . . . 　　使……暴露于……; 使……遭受……
be exposed to 暴露于; 接触
(2)exposure n. 接触; 体验; 暴露; 揭露
　　及物动词expose后若无宾语, 则常常使用它的被动形式; 在expose. . . to. . . 以及be exposed to结构中, to为介词, 其后要用名词、代词或动名词作宾语。
3. behave vt. 表现vi. & vt. 表现得体; 有礼貌
The child behaved well to/towards other guests at the party.
那个孩子在聚会上对其他客人非常礼貌。
If parents do not teach their child how to behave himself, he will do anything at will.
如果父母不教给他们的孩子如何守规矩, 他会恣意妄为的。
(2018·北京高考) Knowing these causes can make us examine our behavior, and correct bad habits.
了解这些原因可以让我们审视自己的行为, 纠正不良习惯。
【词块积累】
(1)behave well/badly to/towards sb. 　对待某人好/不好
behave oneself 守规矩; 表现得体
(2)well-behaved adj. 表现好的
badly-behaved adj. 表现差的
(3)behaviour n. [U]举止; 行为; 习性
4. surroundings n. [pl. ]环境; 周围的事物
It took me a few weeks to get used to my new surroundings.
我花了几周的时间才适应了新环境。
The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.
四周的小城镇已并入这座城市。
【词块积累】
(1)surrounding 　　　　　adj. 周围的; 附近的
(2)surround vt. 环绕; 围绕; (使)包围
surround. . . with. . . 以……环绕/包围……
be surrounded by/with. . . 被……包围/环绕
5. strengthen vi. &vt. 加强; 增强; 巩固
The agreement strengthened the bonds between the two countries.
协议加强了两国间的联系。
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷) Now that you’ve listed your strengths, list your imperfections.
既然你列出了自己的长处, 也要列举自己的不足。
【词块积累】
(1) strengthen one’s body　　　　增强体质
(2) strength n. 力气; 体力
build up one’s strength 增强体力
strengths and weaknesses 长处和短处
6. deny vt. 否认; 否定; 拒绝
To sum up, one cannot deny the fact that studying abroad has its disadvantages, so when you think about studying abroad, you should consider these factors.
总之, 我们不能否认出国留学有它的缺点, 所以当你考虑出国留学时, 你应该考虑这诸多的因素。
There’s no denying (the fact) that quicker action could have saved them.
无可否认, 如果行动快一点, 本来是救得了他们的。
【词块积累】
(1)deny doing sth. 　　　　　　　　否认做某事
deny sb. sth. =deny sth. to sb. 拒绝给予某人某物
(2)There is no denying that 不可否认的是
7. Some may struggle and suffer from culture shock when learning how to behave in new surroundings.  
在学习如何在新环境中举止得体时, 有些学生可能会感到吃力, 并承受文化冲击的折磨。
【句式解构】
本句是状语从句的省略。完整句式为when they are learning how to behave in new surroundings。
While enjoying the meal, some talented students gave a wonderful folk dance performance, making the elderly very happy.
吃饭时, 一些有天赋的学生表演了精彩的民间舞蹈, 这使老人非常高兴。
状语从句的省略：(1)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致, 且从句中含有动词be时, 可将从句的主语和be动词一起省略。
(2)当从句中含有it+be时, 可将it和be省略。
(3)掌握下列短语: if any如果有的话; if so如果是这样的话; if ever如果曾经有的话; if not如果不这样的话
If admitted, I will do all I can to do the work well.
如果我能被录用, 我一定会努力把工作做好的。
If necessary, you can turn to your teachers for help when you feel depressed.
如果有必要的话, 当你感到沮丧的话, 你可以向老师寻求帮助。
8. motivate vt. 成为……的动机; 激发; 激励
She’s very good at motivating her students to work out complex problems.
她非常擅长激励她的学生解决难题。
I am working with mostly highly motivated people.
和我共事的人大多积极性极高。
【词块积累】
(1)motivate sb. to do sth. 　　　激励某人做某事
(2)motivated adj. 积极的; 主动的
(3)motivation n. 动力; 积极性; 动机
9. expectation n. 期望; 期待; 预期; 指望
His new book did not come up to expectation. 他的新书没有达到预期水平。
Their ancestors came to this country with the expectation of finding new freedom and opportunity.
他们的祖先怀着寻找新的自由和机会的期望来到这个国家。
【词块积累】
(1)in expectation 　　　　　期望着; 意料之中
in expectation of 预计会有; 期待; 期望
with the expectation of 带着……期望
live up to one’s expectation 不辜负某人的期望
(2)expect vt. 期望; 指望; 认为; 预料
expect to do. . . 期待做某事
expect sth. 期望……; 预料……
expect that 期望
It is expected that. . . 人们期望……
10. expense n. 损失, 代价; 消费; 开支
I can’t afford the expense of redecorating my house.
我负担不起重新装修房子的费用。
House repairs, holidays and other expenses reduced his bank balance to almost nothing.
修房、度假和其他开销使他在银行的存款所剩无几。
The orchestra has more discipline now, but at the expense of spirit. 那个管弦乐团现在更有纪律性了, 却丧失了灵魂。
If you can’t afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you at no expense.
如果你无法负担律师费用, 法院可为你免费指派一名律师。
【词块积累】
(1)at the expense of　　　　　以……为代价; 由……支付费用
at no expense 不花钱地
at great expense 以巨大的代价
extra expense 额外费用
(2)expensive adj. 昂贵的; 花钱的
【易混辨析】几种“费用”辨析
expense
泛指“花费; 开支”, 如current expense“日常开支”, selling expense“销售费用”, travelling expense “旅费”等
charge
“原价, 要价”。常用复数, 主要指一次性劳务所收取的费用, 如服务费, 行李超重费, 旅馆费等
cost
“成本, 费用”常表示对已取得的货物或劳务所支付的费用。如production cost“生产成本”, living cost “生活费用”, the cost of“……的费用”等
fare
“交通费”指乘坐公共汽车, 出租车, 火车, 轮船, 飞机等所支付的交通费用
fee
“费用; 酬金”指医生, 律师, 或其他专门职业的佣金或会费, 手续费, 停车费等
11. side with 支持; 站在……的一边
It is safer to side with the stronger party.
站在实力较强的一边比较稳妥。
Whoever side with the revolutionary people is a revolutionary.
谁站在革命人民一边, 谁就是革命者。
【词块积累】
表示“支持某人”的短语
take the side of　　　　　站在……一边
support sb. 支持某人
back up sb. 支持某人
in favor of 有利于, 支持
in support of 支持; 拥护
12. as far as I am concerned 就我而言; 依我看来
As far as I am concerned, your paper is fine as it is.
依我看来你的论文写得很好。
As far as I know, no quality problems were reported concerning materials purchased through these channels.
据我所知, 通过这些渠道购买的材料没有出现质量问题。
As far as I can see, he says much the same as they do.
依我看, 他谈的就跟他们那套差不多。
【词块积累】
as far as的常见用法:
as far as“远至……”(在否定句中可用so far as)
as far as sb. /sth. is concerned 　就某人/物而言
as far as the eye can see/reach 就视力所能及
as far as I can see 依我看; 据我所见
as far as I know 就我所知
as far as I can understand 据我所知
注意：“as . . . as”短语荟萃
as well as　　　　既……又……; 和……一样好
as good as 与……一样好; 简直; 几乎
as long as 只要; 长达
as soon as 一……就……
13. in summary 总之; 总的来说
In summary, if the coronavirus is not contained, it is a serious threat to the whole of humanity. 总而言之, 如果冠状病毒得不到控制, 它将对整个人类构成严重威胁。
In summary, finally everybody could reap the benefits of technological progress and have more free time. 总之, 最终每个人都会从技术进步中受益和得到更多的自由时间。
【词块积累】
表示“总之”的常见短语:
in summary/a word 　　　　总之
all in all 总之
in conclusion 总之
in short/brief 总之; 简言之
to sum up 总之, 概括地说
14. A final point to consider is that while studying abroad does have potential benefits, young people who study in China also have a great future to look forward to! 最后要考虑的一点是, 虽然出国留学确实有潜在的好处, 但在中国学习的年轻人同样未来可期!  
【句式解构】
　　while引导让步状语从句, 可用于句首, 意为“尽管, 虽然”。如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同, 谓语动词又含有be动词时, 从句的主语和be动词可以省略。例如:
While he was ill, he attended the meeting. (= While ill, he attended the meeting. )
虽然他生病了, 但他还是参会了。
While the summit has been delayed, the climate emergency can’t be put on hold.
虽然峰会被推迟了, 但气候的紧急状态不能被搁置。
While the majority of them chose to stay overseas, China will take necessary measures to help bring back those who really want to return.
虽然大多数人选择留在海外, 但中国将采取必要措施帮助那些真正想回国的人回国。
while作连词时的主要用法:
(1)“当……的时候”, 引导时间状语从句
(2)“而, 然而”, 表示对比, 连接并列句
(3)“虽然; 尽管”, 表示转折, 引导让步状语从句
语法知识清单
2

名词性从句
一、主语从句(subject clause)
1. 在复合句中充当主语的从句称之为主语从句, 一般置于句首。
主语从句引导词有:
(1)连词that和whether, 在主语从句中只起连接作用, 不充当任何成分。
(2)连接代词who, whoever, whom, whose, what, whatever, which, whichever, 在主语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语。
(3)连接副词when, where, how, why, 在主语从句中作状语。
That he worked out the complex problem astonished other students.
他解决了这个复杂的题目让其他同学感到惊讶。
When the exam of qualification will be held hasn’t been decided.
资格考试什么时候举行还没决定。
Whether he will participate in this campus art festival isn’t clear.  
他是否参加这次校园艺术节还不清楚。
What worried the old couple was that their children got involved in the crime.  
令这对老夫妇担忧的是他们的孩子参与了这次犯罪。
Whatever happens you may be quite sure that I will not blame you.
不管发生什么事, 你可以确信我不会责备你。
2. 为了防止句子头重脚轻, 通常把形式主语it放在句首位置, 真正主语置于句末。it作形式主语的常见句型有:
(1)It is a (fact, pity, question, wonder, good thing, surprise ) that. . .
(2)It is necessary (important, strange, natural, etc. ) that sb. should do表达惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气。
(3)It is said (expected, believed, thought, hoped, known, reported, estimated, required. . . )that. . .
(4)It seems(happened/appears/doesn’t matter /makes no difference /occurred. . . )that. . .
It is well known to all of us that the trees can’t grow without sunlight and water.
众所周知, 树木生长离不开阳光和水。
It is said that the new adaptation will come out next year .
据说这个新改编本将在明年出版。
It has yet been decided when the tutor will come to give us a speech.  
这个导师什么时候来给我们做演讲还没定下来。
注意：that引导主语从句的省略原则
　　连词that 的省略原则: 若that引导的主语从句直接位于句首, 则that不能省略; 若使用了形式主语it, 则that有时可以省略。例如:
That you didn’t go to the talk was a pity.
很遗憾你没去听报告。(that不可省)
It was a pity (that) you didn’t go to the talk.
很遗憾你没去听报告。(that可省)
二、宾语从句(object clause)
1. 定义: 在主从复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。它可以作谓语动词的宾语, 也可以作非谓语动词、某些介词或形容词等的宾语。
It is foolish to believe that one’s race and civilization are superior to others. 认为自己的人种和文明高人一等是愚蠢的。
But once having met and liked them, we think how terrible it would have been, had we missed the chance.
但一旦我们认识并喜欢上了他们, 我们就会想, 如果我们错过了这个机会, 那将是多么可怕的事情。
I’m not sure who is more frightened, me or the female gorilla that suddenly appears out of nowhere.
我不知道我和不知从哪里突然冒出来的雌性大猩猩谁更害怕。
I don’t know whether he can win back the belief of the teacher.
我不知道他是否能赢回老师的信任。
2. 由连接词that引导宾语从句时, that在句中不充当任何成分, 在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去。
In a study of 33 years of trends in Body Mass Index across 200 countries, the scientists found that people worldwide are getting heavier and that most of the rise is due to gains in BMI in rural areas.
在一项对200个国家33年体重指数趋势的研究中, 科学家们发现, 世界各地的人们都在变得越来越重, 而这主要是由于农村地区体重指数的增加。
注意：宾语从句中两种情况中的连接词that不能省略:
①引导的第二个宾语从句前的that不可省;
②在动词+形式宾语it+宾语补足语+that引导的宾语从句中that不能省略
I believe (that) you will keep your word and that you will turn up at the party on time. (第二个that不能省)
我相信你会遵守诺言, 准时出现在晚会上。
3. whether/if引导的宾语从句。
whether/if在从句中不充当成分, 但是有“是否”之意, 从句要用陈述语序。
　　在宾语从句中, 引导词whether和if基本一样, 但下面两种情况只能使用whether:
①引导介词后的宾语从句时;
②和or not一起连用时。
4. 连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句。
连接代词及连接副词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句, 连接词都在从句中充当一定的成分。
Is there anything wrong in what I said?
我所说的有错误之处吗?
We promise whoever attends the party a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
我们许诺, 任何参加这个聚会的人都有跟那个电影明星合影的机会。
It was a long road to get where Yan Ning is now.
颜宁花了很长时间, 才有了今天的成就。
5. 在insist, demand, order, suggest, propose, advise等表示坚持、要求、命令、建议等意义的动词后, that宾语从句中谓语常用“(should+)动词原形”, 表示虚拟。
The doctor suggested that I stay in bed for three days.
医生建议我卧床三天。
He insisted that we stop at a small restaurant just outside of Atlanta.
他坚持让我们在亚特兰大市外不远的一家小餐馆歇歇脚。
【要点补充】后接宾语从句常用虚拟语气的动词口诀:
“一二三四”
一个坚持(insist);
两个命令(order, command);
三条建议(advise, suggest, recommend);
四项要求(demand, desire, require, request)
三、表语从句(predicative clause )
1. 表语从句放在连系动词之后, 充当复合句中的表语。
表语从句的引导词有:
(1)从属连词: that, whether, as though, as if, why, because 不充当任何成分, 只起连接作用
(2)连接代词: who, what, which , whom, whose, whatever, whoever, whomever, whichever在表语从句中充当主语、宾语或表语
(3)连接副词: when, where, why, how, however, whenever, wherever在表语从句中充当状语
The trouble is that Henry has no qualifications to teach college students.
麻烦的是亨利不具备教大学生的资格。
The point at issue is whether we go to the party.
争论点是我们是否去参加聚会。
The last time we had great fun was when we were visiting the Water Park.
我们最后一次痛快地游玩是我们参观水上公园的时候。
2. 系动词be, appear, seem, look, remain等之后可以跟表语从句。
It seemed as if he had known the fact already.
他好像早已知道这件事了。
It appears that some missiles have been moved.
一些导弹似乎已经被移走了。
It looks as if she had just come back from outer space.
她看起来仿佛刚从外太空回来。
注意：表语从句四点易错提醒
(1)表语从句一定要用陈述语序。
(2)不可以用if, 而用whether 引导表语从句。
(3)that在表语从句中不可以省略。
(4)主句主语是reason时, 表语从句要用that引导, 不可用because。
四、同位语从句
　　同位语从句是用以解释说明某一名词内容和实质的从句。同位语从句一般跟在某些表示抽象概念的名词后面, 用以说明名词所表示的具体内容。可跟同位语从句的名词通常有advice, demand, doubt, fact, hope, idea, information, message, news, order, problem, promise, question, request, suggestion, truth, wish, word(消息)等。
注意：同位语从句和定语从句的区别
定语从句是对先行词的修饰或限制, 属于形容词性从句的范畴; 而同位语从句是对前面抽象名词的具体内容的说明, 属于名词性从句的范畴。
The news that our team has won the game is true.
我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句, 补充说明news到底是一个什么消息)
The news that he told me yesterday was true.
昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句, 关系代词that指代news, 在从句中作told的宾语)
(2019·江苏高考)Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.
科学家已经获得更多证据, 塑料正在进入人们的体内。
语篇知识清单
3

如何写一封表达观点的建议信

　　建议信是向收信人就某事提出自己的建议或忠告的一种文体。建议信要给出写信的原因, 建议的内容, 提出建议的理由, 而且提出的建议要合情合理, 同时语气一定要得体, 既要委婉礼貌, 又要有说服力。
【试题演练】
　　假定你是李华, 你的新西兰朋友Terry正在学习汉语, 他来信说有些人建议他到中国来学习汉语, 他父母却希望他在新西兰学习汉语。请你给他回信, 内容包括: 1. 对他学汉语表示高兴; 2. 你的观点; 3. 合理建议。
注意: 1. 词数80个左右; 2. 可以适当发挥, 以使行文连贯。


【遣词造句】
·完成句子
1. 得知你正在学习汉语, 我感到非常高兴。
I am very glad to know that you are learning Chinese.  
2. 的确, 学好汉语有很多途径。
Indeed, there are many ways to learn Chinese well.  
3. 如果你到中国来学汉语, 良好的语言环境会使你学起来更快, 学得更好。
If you come to China to learn Chinese, the perfect language environment will make you learn 
faster and better.  
4. 持这种观点的人很多, 包括我在内。
Many people hold this view and I am included.  
5. 你的父母希望你在新西兰学习汉语, 也许是因为他们不想让你离开他们太远。
Your parents want you to study Chinese in New Zealand, maybe because they don’t want you to leave them too far.  
6. 我的观点是, 你到中国来学习汉语, 这样, 你不仅可以学到地道的汉语, 还能领略独特的中国文化。
In my opinion, you should come to China to learn Chinese, so that you can not only learn authentic Chinese, but also experience the unique Chinese culture.  
7. 希望你能说服你的父母让你来中国, 那样的话, 我可以帮你学习汉语。
I hope you can persuade your parents to let you come to China. In that case, I will help you learn Chinese.  
·句式升级
8. 用分词作状语改写句4。
Many people hold this view, me included.  
9. 用表语从句改写句6。
My opinion is that you come to China to learn Chinese, so that you can not only learn authentic Chinese, but also experience the unique Chinese culture.  
【参考范文】
Dear Terry,
I am very glad to know that you are learning Chinese.
Indeed, there are many ways to learn Chinese well. If you come to China to learn Chinese, the perfect language environment will make you learn faster and better. Many people hold this view, me included. As to your parents, they want you to study Chinese in New Zealand, maybe because they don’t want you to leave them too far.
My opinion is that you come to China to learn Chinese, so that you can not only learn authentic Chinese, but also experience the unique Chinese culture.
I hope you can persuade your parents to let you come to China. In that case, I will help you learn Chinese.
Yours,
Li Hua
【话题延伸】
1. 话题词汇
(1)consider考虑
(2)regret 后悔; 遗憾
(3)determine 决定
(4)intend 意图
(5)prepare 准备
(6)I am convinced 我相信
(7)try one’s best
尽某人最大努力
(8)you are supposed to
你应当……
(9)inform. . . of. . .
通知某人某事
(10)in my opinion 依我看
2. 话题句式
(1)表达感情
①It is a pity that. . .
很遗憾……
②I am glad to know. . .
我很高兴知道……
③It is my pleasure to. . .
我很高兴……
④I am willing to. . .
我很乐意……
⑤I am so sorry that. . .
非常抱歉……
(2)提出建议
①It is helpful for you to. . .
……对你很有帮助
②It would be better if. . .
如果……会好一些
③It should be a better idea for you to. . .
对你来说, ……是个不错的主意
④you are supposed to. . .
你应该……
⑤You’d better. . .
你最好……
⑥You need to. . .
你需要……
⑦would you like/ love to. . .
你想……
⑧Why not do. . .
为什么不……
⑨I’d like to suggest that. . .
我想要建议……
⑩If I were you, I would. . .
如果我是你, 我会. . . . . .
⑪ As is known to all. . .
众所周知……
⑫What’s more, try to. . .
更重要的是, 试一试……
⑬Last but not least, you should. . .
最后但同样重要的是, 你应当……