高考英语总复习语法专题4第4讲特殊句式学案

第4讲　特殊句式

考点1　倒装句

1. 完全倒装

表示地点、时间或方位的副词或介词短语here, there, now, then, up, down, away, off, in, out, in the room, on the wall等置于句首，且主语为名词时。

At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River lies Chongqing, one of the ten largest cities in China.

在长江和嘉陵江的交汇处，坐落着中国十大城市之一的重庆。

2. 部分倒装

(1)否定副词(never, neither, nor, hardly, little, seldom, rarely等)或表示否定意义的介词短语(at no time, by no means, on no condition, in no case等)置于句首时，要用部分倒装。

Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow.

他刚到，天就下起雪来。

(2)only修饰介词短语、副词或状语从句，且置于句首时，要用部分倒装。

Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision.

他们讨论了那个问题几个小时之后才做出决定。(3)so/neither＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语，意为“……也是如此/也不……”。

(4)在not only ... but (also) ... 结构中，若not only置于句首时，需将not only所在的句子部分倒装。

Not only had the poor man been fined, but also he had been sent to prison.

这个可怜的人不仅被罚款，而且还被送进了监狱。

(5)not until ... 置于句首时，主句须部分倒装。

Not until recently did they encourage the development of tourist­related activities in the rural areas.

直到近期，他们才鼓励在农村地区开展与旅游有关的活动。

(6)so ... that ... 和such ... that ... 结构中，so或such及其所修饰的成分置于句首时，主句须部分倒装。

(7)as引导让步状语从句时，状语从句必须部分倒装；though引导让步状语从句时，让步状语从句可部分倒装，也可不倒装。

考点2　强调句

1. 陈述句：It is/was ... that/who ... (强调人时可用that或who，强调物时只用that)

一般疑问句：Is/Was＋it＋... that/who ...?

特殊疑问句：疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that ...?

I wonder what it is that makes you so addicted to the mobile phone.

我想知道是什么让你对手机如此着迷。

2. “not ... until ...”的强调句：It is/was not until ... that ... (注意时态)

It was not until I came here that I realised this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.

直到我来到这儿，我才知道这个地方出名不仅因为它的美，还因为它的天气。

考点3　省略句

1. 状语从句的省略

当时间、条件、让步、方式等状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it且从句中含be动词时，可以省略状语从句中的主语和be动词，构成下列结构：连词＋形容词/介词短语/动词­ing形式/过去分词/不定式。

Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.

当孩子有父母陪伴的时候，他们是被允许进入体育馆的。

2. 不定式的省略

(1)在上下文中，为了避免重复，可以省去不定式中和前面句子中相同的动词(短语)，只保留不定式符号to。常用在expect, hope, intend, mean, try, want, wish等词后。

Firstly, people may feel forced when asked to do things that they don't want to.

首先，当人们被要求去做他们不想做的事情时他们会感到是被迫的。

(2)but用作介词，意为“除……之外”时，前面有实义动词do，后接不定式时，常省略to；但前面没有实义动词do时，后接的不定式不省略 to。

If he takes on this work, he will have no choice but to meet an even greater challenge.

如果他接受了这份工作，除了迎接更大的挑战之外他别无选择。

3. if省略结构

if so如果这样的话

if necessary如果有必要的话

if not如果不是这样的话

if possible如果可能的话

if ever如果曾经有的话

if any如果有的话

考点4　其他特殊句式

1. 感叹句

(1)what引导的感叹句

①What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！

②What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！

What a strange plant(＝How strange a plant)! I've never seen it before.

这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。

The shocking news made me realise what terrible problems we would face.

这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。

(2)how引导的感叹句

①How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！

②How＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！

③How＋主语＋谓语！

How demanding the job is!

这份工作多么费力啊！

How time flies!

时光飞逝！

2. 祈使句

祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。

(1)祈使句的主语一般是第二人称you(常省略，也可不省)。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加don't，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加do。

Do your homework before you watch TV.

看电视之前要先做你的家庭作业。

Alice, you feed the bird today, will you?

艾丽丝，今天你喂鸟，可以吗？

(2)祈使句表示假设的情况。

①祈使句＋and/or＋简单句

②名词词组(多含有more, another)＋and＋简单句

Call me tomorrow and I'll let you know the lab result.

明天给我打电话，我会让你知道实验结果的。

Start out right away, or we'll miss the first train.

立刻出发，不然，我们将要错过首班火车。

3. there be句型

(1)there be 句型中的be可以有不同的时态，可以和助动词或情态动词连用，并且be有时可用 live, remain, stand, lie, exist, seem to be, appear to be, happen to be, used to be等替换。

There have been many great changes in our country since then.

自从那时起，我国发生了很多巨大的变化。

Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.

从前，在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。

(2)there be句型的常考句型：

There is no point/sense (in) doing sth. 做某事没有意义。

There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……

There is no need (for sb.) to do sth. (某人)没有必要做某事。

There is (no) difficulty/trouble in doing/with sth. 做某事(没)有困难。

There is (no) possibility of (doing) sth./that ... (做)某事(没)有可能性。

【技巧点拨】

1. 注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式。

2. 根据特殊句式的结构特点填入适当的词。

(1)看到倒装句，要注意其谓语动词的人称和单复数形式；

(2)看到there be句型要注意主谓一致和时态。

Ⅰ. 单句语法填空

1. (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷写作)The twins cheered up and did as told (tell).

2. (2020·全国Ⅱ卷写作)While picking (pick) oranges, I realised how hard it was for farmers to work in the fields.

3. (2019·全国Ⅰ卷写作)Therefore，I can explain the relevant information about Chinese painting if necessary.

4. In any unsafe situation, simply press (press) the button and a highly trained agent will get you the help you need.

Ⅱ. 语法填空

(2021·湖北巴东二模)Cassie lived a lonely life. She would wander through the forest, eating 1. fallen (fall) fruits while other birds flew among the trees.

“Why cannot you fly？” they would ask. “Your weak little 2. wings (wing) cannot even lift you off the ground！” they would tease her. “You're 3. a shame to birds，” they would offend her.

Cassie was feeling increasingly frustrated and 4. useless (use), so she made up her mind to leave the forest for good. Just as she walked free from trees, she heard a deep voice 5. calling (call) from behind. Cassie turned around. 6. It was a large tree that signalled to her to come back into the forest. “We need you badly here，” said the tree. “We rely on you 7. to eat (eat) our fruits and spread our seeds. The other birds may think you are worthless, but you are actually 8. the most (much) useful bird in the forest. Please don't go, you are irreplaceable.” Cassie beamed for the first time in many weeks and 9. returned (return) to the forest. The fruits had never tasted so good.

It's easy to compare your skills to the abilities of others and feel inadequate. It's easy to listen to the negative voices of others and believe them. But bear 10. in mind that you are essential, you are remarkable, and you are irreplaceable!

Ⅲ. 写作运用

根据汉语提示补全下面写作， 注意特殊句式的运用。

Dear Jane,

1. How time flies (时间过得真快)!  I'm delighted to hear from you. In your letter you asked me how to stay healthy. 2. Here is my advice (这是我的建议).

Firstly, you should keep a balanced diet. 3. Don't eat food high in fat and in sugar (不要吃高脂肪高糖食物). You should eat more vegetables. Secondly, taking exercise every day helps build up a strong body. 4. Only in this way can you have enough energy to study better (只有这样你才能够有足够的精力投入到学习中去). As we all know,  regular exercise plays an important part in keeping us healthy. Finally, make sure you have enough sleep and you mustn't stay up too late at night.

5. Eat properly and exercise regularly, and you will stay healthy (正确地饮食和有规律地锻炼， 你会保持健康的). I do hope my advice is helpful.

Best wishes!

Yours,

Li Hua