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2022-2023学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年江苏省南京师范大学附属中学高二下学期期中考试英语试题含解析，共32页。试卷主要包含了请用0等内容，欢迎下载使用。
南京师大附中2022-2023学年度第2学期
高二年级期中考试
注意事项
英语试卷考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求@
1.本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。
2.答卷前，务必将姓名、班级、学号、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
3.请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔按题号在答题卡指定区域作答，在其它位置作答一律无效。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where did the boy find the frog?
A．In the park. B．In the house. C．In the garden.
2.Who is the man speaking to?
A．A bank clerk. B．A hotel receptionist. C．A restaurant manager.
3.What size does the man want?
A．Small. B．Medium. C．Large.
4.What does the woman want to do?
A．Go shopping. B．Save money. C．Buy a new house.
5.How do the children feel?
A．Excited. B．Sleepy. C．Bored.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Why does the man want to open a new account?
A．For daily use. B．For saving money. C．For a more expensive purchase.
7.What is the man’s main problem?
A．He doesn’t own an ID card.
B．He doesn’t get enough money.
C．He doesn’t have the right documents.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What size shoes does the man probably often wear?
A．42. B．41. C．40.
9.What is probably the man’s favorite type of exercise?
A．Running. B．Tennis. C．Hiking.
10.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Teammates. B．Husband and wife. C．Salesperson and customer.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.Where are the speakers?
A．At a clothing store.
B．At their house.
C．At a travel agency.
12.How long will the speakers stay in the Swiss Alps?
A．For two days. B．For five days. C．For seven days.
13.What does the woman suggest the man do?
A.Try packing the suitcase.
B.Buy clothes for the travel.
C.Wear jackets onto the plane.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.What does the man say about his working experience?
A．He owned a small business years ago.
B．He worked at a company for several years.
C．He has taught Spanish for a couple of years.
15.Why does the man want to leave his present job?
A．To gain higher pay.
B．To get a full-time job.
C．To work close to home.
16.What is the man interested in?
A．Travel. B．Computer games. C．Foreign languages.
17．What question did the man ask the woman?
A．When he is supposed to start work
B．What responsibilities he would have.
C．When he will be informed about his application.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.What is the main idea of the talk?
A．Ways to save the planet.
B．New rules around electric cars.
C．The production of plastic bottles.
19.When will the production of petrol cars stop?
A．By 2021. B．By 2025. C．By 2030.
20.What does the speaker suggest as alternatives to plastic bottles?
A．Glass bottles. B．Metal bottles. C．Wood bottles.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Frequently Asked Questions for Yellowstone National Park
How much is the entrance fee?
$85-Private, non-commercial vehicle; $30-Motorcycle or snowmobile (winter);
$20-Visitors 16 and older entering by foot, bike, ski, etc.
*This fee provides the visitor with a 7-day entrance permit for both Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks.
Where should we stay?
Your decision may depend on how much time you have and what you want to see the most. If you plan on visiting Yellowstone National Park for only a few days and want to experience some of the main attractions then West Yellowstone would be a good base. If you want to have the full park experience then perhaps lodging (住宿) at Old Faithful would be a good choice. If you want to view the most wildlife, then we suggest the Northeast Entrance.
When is the best time to visit the park?
This depends on what your interests are. Spring has abundant wildlife, roaring waterfalls and wild weather. Summer has it all including the most crowds, so you’d better get out early and eat your breakfast on the road! Fall is a special time of year. Everything seems to be declining including the crowds. Winter is a time of being a bit of social isolation. In years past it was more “economical” to visit most of the park. Now it is more restricted unless you can afford a snow-coach or guided snowmobile tour.
Can I get Cell and Wi-Fi?
Free public Wi-Fi is available at Al-bright Visitor Center and at some park lodges for registered guests. Cell service is extremely limited, with reception only available in or near major developed areas. In summer, service often reaches its limit in these areas.
Yet, it is sad to see the latest generation fade away from normal everyday activities and conversation. Get out, look around, admire the wonders. There’re plenty of natural and human distractions around every corner. The last thing we want to do is distract visitors from Yellowstone’s wonders especially while driving.
1. How much is the entrance fee in total if Jeffery makes a self-driving trip to Yellowstone with his father and his 14-year-old daughter during the winter vacation?
A. $50 B. $85 C. $105 D. $125
2. The underlined sentence implies that .
A. most of the park was restricted to visitors in winter in the past
B. visiting Yellowstone in winter is preferred by most local people
C. winter used to be the best time to visit the park in terms of expenses
D. nowadays most people choose to tour the park on a snow-coach in winter
3. We can learn from the passage that .
A. the wireless connection is not satisfactory
B. Old Faithful provides a full view of the park
C. the entrance ticket applies to Yellowstone only
D. younger generations make up the majority of park visitors
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章回答了几个关于黄石国家公园旅游的问题。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据How much is the entrance fee?部分中“$85-Private, non-commercial vehicle ($85-私人、非商业车辆)”可知，杰弗瑞在寒假期间与父亲和女儿自驾游黄石公园需要支付私家车入场费85美元。故选B项。
【2题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句中“In years past”和下文“Now”可推知，上下文描述了过去和现在的情况，结合下文“Now it is more restricted unless you can afford a snow-coach or guided snowmobile tour. (现在的限制更多了，除非你能负担得起雪上马车或有导游的雪上摩托之旅)”中“more restricted”可推知，上下文比较了冬季游黄石公园受到限制的情况，所以，划线句中“In years past it was more ‘economical’ to visit most of the park.”是指过去在冬季游黄石公园，大部分地方都是受到限制的，而现在限制更多了。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Can I get Cell and Wi-Fi?部分中“Free public Wi-Fi is available at Al-bright Visitor Center and at some park lodges for registered guests. Cell service is extremely limited, with reception only available in or near major developed areas. In summer, service often reaches its limit in these areas. (阿尔布赖特游客中心和部分公园小屋为已登记的客人提供免费公共Wi-Fi。手机服务非常有限，只有在主要开发地区或附近才能接收到信号。在夏季，这些地区的服务常常达到极限)”可知，公园里的无线信号差强人意。故选A项。
B
On January 7th, 2022, David Bennett became the first person to have a heart transplanted successfully into him from a pig. On that occasion, mere operation success was the goal. This operation is a milestone for xenotransplantation (异种移植)— the transfer of organs from other species to human patients.
For decades, researchers have attempted to deal with xenotransplantation’s basic problem. This is that the human body, when it recognizes foreign tissue, tends to turn against it. In the case of pigs, the most important marker of foreignness is a sugar molecule (分子) called alpha-Gal. While this molecule does not exist in humans, antibodies to kill it do. So no transplant from a pig with alpha-Gal would last more than a couple of minutes in a human body. In 2003 pigs were produced with a changed genome so as to prevent the enzyme (酶) responsible for making alpha-Gal. This was a step in the right direction, but other barriers popped up.
The pig for David’s operation had a genome changed in ten ways to increase the chances of success. Three genes had been removed to reduce the risk of a human antibody rejecting the organ. A fourth, a growth gene, had also been knocked out, to ensure the heart did not enlarge after transplantation. And six human genes had been added to promote acceptance.
There are other concerns. One is any unknown rejection mechanism. Another is the possibility that the organ may pass viruses to its new host. The pig in question was raised where there was no virus to reduce the chance of that, but it remains a possibility.
In theory, pigs can be raised to provide humans with any solid organ, but some will be more complex than others. Moreover, even if these barriers can be overcome, most researchers still acknowledge that increasing xenotransplantation to meet the world’s demand for organs may take decades. After this news, however, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.
4. What is the basic problem of xenotransplantation?
A. The human body lacks alpha-Gal.
B. The human body resists foreign tissues.
C. The life of the transplanted organ is too short.
D. The enzyme is prevented from making alpha-Gal.
5. Why was a growth gene removed in David’s case?
A. Because it would change David’s genome.
B. Because it would lead to heart enlargement.
C. Because it would make the heart more acceptable.
D. Because it would be recognized by David’s antibodies.
6. What can we learn about the pig?
A. It saved the patient’s life perfectly.
B. It had a decreased number of genes.
C. It had an unknown rejection mechanism.
D. It was raised in a virus-free environment.
7. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of xenotransplantation?
A. Optimistic. B. Indifferent. C. Disturbed. D. Uncertain.
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了全球首例异种移植手术成功，大卫·贝内特成为第一个从猪身上成功移植心脏的人。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“For decades, researchers have attempted to deal with xenotransplantation’s basic problem. This is that the human body, when it recognizes foreign tissue, tends to turn against it.”（几十年来，研究人员一直试图解决异种移植的基本问题。这就是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织。）可知，异种移植的基本问题是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织，由此可知，异种移植的基本障碍是人体抵抗（排斥）外来组织。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“A fourth, a growth gene, had also been knocked out, to ensure the heart did not enlarge after transplantation.”（第四个是生长基因，也被移除，以确保移植后心脏不会扩大。）可知，移除生长基因是为了确保移植后心脏不会扩大。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“The pig in question was raised where there was no virus to reduce the chance of that, but it remains a possibility.”（讨论中的那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的，以减少感染的机会，但仍然有可能感染病毒。）可知，为了减少感染的机会，那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Moreover, even these barriers can be overcome, most researchers still acknowledge that increasing xenotransplantation to meet the world’s demand for organs may take decades. After this news, however, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.”（此外，即使这些障碍可以克服，大多数研究人员仍然承认，增加异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求可能需要几十年。然而，这一消息之后，最终发生的可能性增加了。）可知，作者认为，这次异种移植手术的成功，表明未来异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求的可能性增加了，由此可知，作者对异种移植的未来持乐观态度。故选A项。
C
What do Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo all have in common with the heroes of ancient myths (神话)?Joseph Campbell studied myths from all over the world and published a book called “The Hero with a Thousand Faces”, retelling dozens of stories and explaining how each represents the mono-myth, or Hero’s Journey. So, what is the “Hero’s Journey”?
He thinks of it as a cycle in his book. The journey begins with the hero receiving a mysterious message, an invitation, or a challenge. After crossing the threshold from his safe home to adventure, with some help probably from someone older, wiser, our hero solves a riddle, slays a monster, escapes from a trap. The hero’s darkest hour then comes, when he faces death and possibly even dies, only to be reborn. As a result, the hero claims some treasure, special recognition, or power, which can vary between stories. After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world, but upgrades to a new level. Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero.
The Hero’s Journey myth exists in all human cultures and keeps getting updated, because we humans reflect on our world through symbolic stories of our own lives. You leave your comfort zone, have an experience that transforms you and then you recover and do it again. You don’t literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort, but you face problems just as scary. Joseph Campbell said, “In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek.”
What is the symbolic cave then you fear to enter? Auditions (试镜) for the school play? Baseball tryouts? Love?
Watch for this formula (公式) in books, movies, and TV shows you come across. You will certainly see it again. Also be sensitive to it in your own life. Listen for your call to adventure. Accept the challenge. Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek. And then, do it all over again.
8. What is the correct order of the “Hero’s Journey”?
①Return to the ordinary world but upgrade to a new level.
②Receive a call to adventure and assistance from a wiser man.
③Set out on the adventure and go through a series of tough trials.
④Face a life-or-death crisis and be reborn with some special power.
A. ①②③④ B. ④②①③ C. ②③④① D. ③②④①
9. Why is Hero’s Journey myth so popular?
A. Because it’s a way to learn about the past.
B. Because it’s a way to reflect on our world.
C. Because these stories are part of human culture.
D. Because these stories are always being updated.
10. Which of the following may the author disagree with?
A. We all need a “cave” to hide in face of danger.
B. Difficulties we face tend to be treasures in life.
C. Our comfort zone will promote our development.
D. We should watch more movies and shows for the formula.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage?
A. Where to Find a Hero. B. Be Your Own Hero.
C. How to Conquer Your Fear. D. Seek Your Scary Cave.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过介绍英雄的旅程，倡导大家倾听冒险的召唤，接受挑战，征服恐惧。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The journey begins with the hero receiving a mysterious message, an invitation, or a challenge. After crossing the threshold from his safe home to adventure, with some help probably from someone older, wiser, our hero solves a riddle, slays a monster, escapes from a trap. The hero’s darkest hour then comes, when he faces death and possibly even dies, only to be reborn. As a result, the hero claims some treasure, special recognition, or power, which can vary between stories. After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world, but upgrades to a new level. Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero. (旅程开始于英雄收到一个神秘的信息，一个邀请，或一个挑战。英雄步出平凡安稳的家门，展开冒险。在一些年长、聪明的人的帮助下，他解开了一个谜语，杀死了一个怪物，从陷阱中逃脱。然后，英雄最黑暗的时刻到来了，他面临死亡，甚至为了能够重生，必须先死过一次。结果，英雄获得了一些宝藏、特别的认可或力量，这些在不同的故事中有所不同。在所有的冒险之后，英雄回到了他的平凡世界，但他再也不是昔日吴下阿蒙)”可知，英雄的旅程是：接到冒险的召唤并受到智者的帮助——踏上冒险之旅并经历一系列艰难的考验——面对生死危机，获得重生和特殊能力——回到平凡的世界，超越过去的自己，提升到新的水平。对应的正确顺序是②③④①。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Hero’s Journey myth exists in all human cultures and keeps getting updated because we humans reflect on our world through symbolic stories of our own lives. (英雄之旅存在于所有的文化中，并且不断地推陈出新。因为我们人类通过自身生活中极具象征性的故事，反映出所处的世界)”可知，英雄之旅的神话如此流行是因为它是反思我们的世界的一种方式。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“You don’t literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort, but you face problems just as scary. Joseph Campbell said, “In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek.”(你不需要真正地屠龙或对抗伏地魔，但你面临的问题同样可怕。约瑟夫·坎贝尔说过：“在你害怕进入的洞穴里，藏着你所寻找的宝藏”)”以及倒数第二段“What is the symbolic cave then you fear to enter? Auditions (试镜) for the school play? Baseball tryouts? Love?(你害怕进入的象征性洞穴是什么？学校戏剧的试镜？棒球选拔赛？ 爱？)”可知，在你害怕进入的洞穴里，藏着你所寻找的宝藏，由此推知，作者认为“洞穴”是好的，只有进入这些你害怕进入的洞穴才能找到寻找中的宝藏。A项：We all need a “cave” to hide in face of danger(面对困难时，我们都需要一个“洞穴”来躲藏)与作者表述不符。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段“You will certainly see it again. Also be sensitive to it in your own life. Listen for your call to adventure. Accept the challenge. Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek. And then, do it all over again.(你一定会再看到它。在你自己的生活中也要对它保持敏感。倾听冒险的召唤。接受挑战。征服你的恐惧，得到你想要的宝藏。然后，再来一遍)”可知，文章倡导去冒险，接受挑战，征服恐惧。B项：Be Your Own Hero(做自己的英雄)可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
D
America was where all my mother’s hopes lay. My mother believed one could be anything he wanted to be in America. “You can be a prodigy (神童), too,” my mother told me when I was nine. “You can be best at anything.” We didn’t immediately pick the right kind of prodigy. At first my mother thought I could be a Chinese Shirley Temple. We’d watch Shirley’s old movies on TV as though they were training films. My mother would poke my arm and say, “Ni kan”—You watch.
Soon after my mother got this idea about Shirley Temple, she took me to a beauty training school and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking. Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz.
In fact, in the beginning, I was just as excited as my mother, maybe even more so. I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size. I was a dainty ballerina girl standing by the curtains, waiting to hear the right music that would send me floating on my tiptoes. I was Cinderella stepping from her pumpkin carriage with sparkly cartoon music filling the air.
In all of my imaginings, I was filled with a sense that I would soon become perfect. My mother and father would adore me. I would be beyond reproach (责备). I would never be annoyed by anything. Every night after dinner, my mother and I would sit at the Formica kitchen table. She would present new tests, taking her examples from stories of amazing children she had read and a dozen other magazines she kept in a pile in our bathroom. My mother got these magazines from people whose houses she cleaned. She would look through them all, searching for stories about remarkable children.
The first night she brought out a story about a three-year-old boy who knew the capitals of all the states and even most of the European countries. A teacher was quoted as saying the little boy could also pronounce the names of the foreign cities correctly.
“What’s the capital of Finland?” my mother asked me, looking at the magazine story.
All I knew was the capital of California, because Sacramento was the name of the street we lived on in Chinatown. “Nairobi!” I guessed, saying the most foreign word I could think of. She checked to see if that was possibly one way to pronounce “Helsinki” before showing me the answer.
The tests got harder — multiplying numbers in my head, finding the queen of hearts in a deck of cards, trying to stand on my head without using my hands, predicting the daily temperatures in Los Angeles, New York, and London.
And after seeing my mother’s disappointed face once again, something inside of me began to die. I hated the tests, the raised hopes and failed expectations. Before going to bed that night, I looked in the mirror and when I saw only my face staring back — and that it would always be this ordinary face — I began to cry. Such a sad, ugly girl! I made high-pitched (尖锐的) noises like a crazed animal, trying to scratch out the face in the mirror.
And then I saw what seemed to be the prodigy side of me — because I had never seen that face before. I looked at my reflection, blinking so I could see more clearly. The girl staring back at me was angry, powerful. This girl and I were the same. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts. I won’t let her change me, I promised myself. I won’t be what I’m not.
12. Why did the mother and the girl watch Shirley Temple’s old movies on TV?
A. Because the mother was a fan of Shirley Temple
B. Because the girl resembled Shirley Temple in appearance.
C. Because Shirley Temple’s hairstyle was very popular among children.
D. Because the mother wanted her daughter to be a Chinese Shirley Temple.
13. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the tests the girl did every night?
A. She got through the tests painfully.
B. She felt confident and finished them smoothly.
C. She failed the tests and began to lose confidence.
D. She made preparations for tests to please her mother.
14. What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?
A. The mother was disappointed and gave up her daughter.
B. The mother expected her daughter to know the right answer.
C. The answers were more than one and the mother checked them.
D. The mother was not sure about the answer and wanted to confirm it.
15. What might happen after the last paragraph?
A. The girl might do what she really likes.
B. The girl might do whatever her mother asks.
C. The girl might try her best to become successful.
D. The mother might change her attitude and listen to her daughter.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了望女成凤的妈妈把女儿按天才来培养，但无数次的失败让女儿失去信心。但一次镜子前的自省让女儿接受了真正的自我，决定不再受妈妈的摆布，要去做自己真正喜欢做的事。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“At first my mother thought I could be a Chinese Shirley Temple. We’d watch Shirley’s old movies on TV as though they were training films.(起初，我妈妈认为我可以成为中国的秀兰·邓波儿。我们会在电视上看雪莉演的老电影，就像看训练电影一样)”可知，妈妈和女孩在电视上看秀兰·邓波儿的老电影是因为妈妈希望女儿成为中国的秀兰·邓波儿，让女儿通过看电影来接受训练。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And after seeing my mother’s disappointed face once again, something inside of me began to die. I hated the tests, the raised hopes and failed expectations. Before going to bed that night, I looked in the mirror and when I saw only my face staring back — and that it would always be this ordinary face — I began to cry. Such a sad, ugly girl!(在再次看到母亲失望的脸后，我内心的某些东西开始消亡。我讨厌考试，讨厌那些高涨的希望和失败的期望。那天晚上睡觉前，我照镜子，只看到自己的脸在盯着我看——而且永远都是这张普通的脸——我哭了起来。多么悲伤、丑陋的女孩!)”可知，女孩没有通过那些测试，并开始对自己失去信心。故选C项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文可知，妈妈问女儿“芬兰的首都是哪里?”，女儿给出了一个明显错误的答案“内罗毕”。根据划线句“She checked to see if that was possibly one way to pronounce “Helsinki” before showing me the answer.(在给我看答案之前，她查了一下“赫尔辛基”是否可能是这样发音的)”可知，妈妈专门查了芬兰首都“赫尔辛基”是否可以读作“内罗毕”，由此推知，妈妈非常希望女儿的答案是正确的，甚至寄希望于“内罗毕”是“赫尔辛基”的另一个读音。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I looked at my reflection, blinking so I could see more clearly. The girl staring back at me was angry, powerful. This girl and I were the same. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts. I won’t let her change me, I promised myself. I won’t be what I’m not.(我看着自己的影子，眨了眨眼睛，以便看得更清楚。那个盯着我看的女孩很生气，很强势。这个女孩和我是一样的。我有了新的想法，任性的想法，或者更确切地说，是充满了很多不愿意的想法。我不会让她改变我，我向自己保证。我不会成为我不是的样子)”可推知，女儿的遭受挫折后重新审视了自己，接受了真正的自我，决定不再受妈妈的摆布。接下来，她要去做自己真正喜欢做的事。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance the plane will crash, killing you and everyone else on board. Would you still board?
In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in a survey about future AI risk. Half of those surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems. ____16____
The fear of AI has haunted humanity since the mid-20th century, yet until recently it has remained a distant prospect, something that belongs in sci-fi more than in serious scientific and political debates. ____17____ It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities. But most of the key skills boil down to one thing: the ability to manipulate (操纵) and generate language, whether with words, sounds or images.
In the beginning was the word. ____18____ From language emerges myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations—even computer code. AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization. What would it mean for humans to live in a world where a large percentage of stories, melodies, images, laws, policies and tools are shaped by non-human intelligence? ____19____What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion?
____20____We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence? The time to reckon with AI is before our politics, our economy and our daily life become dependent on it.
A. Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.
B. Language is the operating system of human culture.
C. In games like chess, no human can hope to beat a computer.
D. By gaining mastery of language, AI is seizing the master key to civilization.
E. Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.
F. For thousands of years we humans have lived inside the dreams of other humans.
G. It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人工智能可能让人类面临巨大危机。
【16题详解】
根据上文“In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in a survey about future AI risk. Half of those surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems.(2022年，一项关于未来人工智能风险的调查询问了700多名顶尖学者和领先人工智能公司背后的研究人员。一半的受访者表示，未来的人工智能系统有10%或更大的可能性导致人类灭绝)”结合第一段提到让人们登上有10%坠机可能的飞机，以及下文陈述人工智能将让人类面临危机可知，技术（人工智能）让所有人类都登上了这家可能坠毁的“飞机”。E项“Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.(科技公司陷入了一场让全人类都登上这架飞机的竞赛)”符合语境。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据下文“It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities.(要掌握这些工具开发更先进、更强大功能的速度就更难了)”中的even harder推知，空处陈述了一种人类难以掌握的工具。G项“It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.(人类很难掌握GPT-4和类似工具的功能)”符合题意，difficult呼应下文harder， 下文thesd tools指代选项中的GPT-4 and similar tools。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据下文“From language emerges myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations—even computer code. (从语言中产生了神话和法律、商品和金钱、艺术和科学、友谊和国家，甚至计算机代码)”可知，语言对人类来说尤为重要。再结合“AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization.(人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统)”推知，语言之所以重要是因为它是人类的操作系统。B项“Language is the operating system of human culture.(语言是人类文化的操作系统)”符合题意。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization.(人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统)”和下文“What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion?(当同样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时会发生什么？)”推知，空处提到了一种人工智能操纵或者打败人类的情况，而当这样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时可能会产生难以预料的后果。C项“In games like chess, no human can hope to beat a computer.(在像国际象棋这样的游戏中，没有人能指望打败电脑)”符合语境，下文的“the same thing”指代选项内容。故选C。
【20题详解】
空处位于段首，应总起下文。根据下文“We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence?(我们被文化包围，通过文化棱镜体验现实。记者的报道和朋友的描述塑造了我们的观点。通过非人类智慧产生的棱镜来体验现实会是什么样子？)”可知，我们的观点通常都是根据记者的报道和朋友的描述形成的，由此推知，人类很少直接接触现实。A项“Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.(人类通常无法直接接触现实)”符合题意，总起下文，reality是关键词。故选A。
第三部分语言运用(共一节，满分15分)
完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last month, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released a report that a hotter future is unavoidable. The scientists predict killer heatwaves, a(n)____21____ of water and food, and millions of people suffering and dying. In 2040 when my son will be college-aged, he will likely be more ____22____with air quality and escaping the heat than with his academic achievements. By the time he has ____23____of his own, reliable access to food and water may be more ____24____than a diploma (文凭).
That night, I asked my husband: What if we stopped putting money in our son’s college fund and started using that money to ____25____him from climate change?
____26____played a big role in both my and my husband’s college decisions — I did my first two years at community college to ____27____money, and my husband’s college fund got spent on keeping the family business running. The idea felt ____28____that we would be removing those____29____for our own kids with the money we were putting aside, something we had started doing while I was still pregnant.
After much discussion, we agreed that saving money for his college education when we are facing a climate emergency just doesn’t _____30_____. Instead, we are planning on using the money to invest (投资) in a _____31_____life style now by buying electric cars, installing solar panels and starting a backyard vegetable garden.
Another mom _____32_____me of “stealing” my child’s future by planning to spend this money now ____33____saving it for higher education. But my husband and I are living _____34_____that you don’t need a six-figure college fund to do well in life. If my son wants to go to college, he’ll figure out a way. Or he’ll be like nearly 80% of the other students and _____35_____student loan debt.
21. A. flood B. shortage C. abundance D. amount
22. A. bored B. familiar C. concerned D. content
23. A. kids B. life C. business D. property
24. A. impressive B. convenient C. creative D. acceptable
25. A. free B. separate C. release D. protect
26 A. Education B. Experiences C. Finances D. Family
27. A. raise B. earn C. save D. pay
28. A. practical B. original C. fashionable D. amazing
29. A. limitations B. objections C. doubts D. risks
30. A. take effect B. make sense C. bear fruit D. come true
31. A. care-free B. value-free C. stress-free D. carbon-free
32. A. accused B. reminded C. suspected D. convinced
33. A. as well as B. instead of C. prior to D. in favor of
34. A. cases B. lessons C. experience D. proof
35 A. take on B. build on C. try on D. live on
【答案】21 B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者担心儿子将来的生活会受到气候变化的影响，决定把给儿子存的大学基金用于践行“无碳生活”，让儿子的将来免受气候变化的影响。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们预测了致命的热浪，水和食物的短缺以及数百万人的痛苦和死亡。A. flood洪水；B. shortage短缺；C. abundance丰富；D. amount数量。根据句中“millions of people suffering and dying”可推知，气候变化造成的是灾难性后果，水和食物的短缺，符合语境。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到2040年，当我儿子上大学的时候，他可能会更关心空气质量和避暑，而不是学习成绩。A. bored厌烦的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. concerned关心的；D. content满意的。根据上文“a hotter future is unavoidable”和句中“air quality and escaping the heat”可推知，儿子上大学时环境问题更严重，所以他更关心的是环境问题。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他有了自己的生活时，可靠的食物和水的供应可能比一张文凭更令人印象深刻。A. kids孩子；B. life生活；C. business商业；D. property财产。根据句中“By the time he has...”可知，句中说的是将来的事情，指儿子有了自己的生活。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他有了自己的生活时，可靠的食物和水的供应可能比一张文凭更令人印象深刻。A. impressive令人印象深刻的，令人瞩目的；B. convenient方便的；C. creative创造性的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据上文可知，作者认为更热的未来是不可避免的，儿子长大后环境问题会更严重，所以她认为在将来“可靠的食物和水的供应”比文凭更重要，更令人瞩目。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不再为儿子的大学基金存钱，而是开始用这笔钱保护他免受气候变化的影响呢?。A. free使免于；B. separate分开；C. release释放；D. protect保护。根据上文可知，作者认为儿子长大后环境问题会更严重，所以想要保护他，让他免受气候变化的影响；protect...from...“保护……不受……伤害”。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经济状况在我和我丈夫的大学选择中都起了很大的作用——我在社区大学读了前两年是为了省钱，而我丈夫的大学基金则花在了维持家族企业的运转上。A. Education教育；B. Experiences经验；C. Finances财务，经济情况；D. Family家庭。根据下文“I did my first two years at community college to 7 money, and my husband’s college fund got spent on keeping the family business running.”可知，作者讲述的是经济状况对大学的影响。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：经济状况在我和我丈夫的大学选择中都起了很大的作用——我在社区大学读了前两年是为了省钱，而我丈夫的大学基金则花在了维持家族企业的运转上。A. raise筹集；B. earn赚取；C. save节省；D. pay付出。结合常识可知，“community college”的学费更便宜。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个想法感觉很实际，我们可以用我们存起来的钱为我们自己的孩子消除这些风险，这些钱是我还在怀孕的时候就开始存的。A. practical实际的，切实可行的；B. original原始的；C. fashionable时尚的；D. amazing惊人的。根据下文“using the money to invest (投资) in a 11 life style now by buying electric cars, installing solar panels and starting a backyard vegetable garden”可知，作者真的把儿子的大学基金用来帮助儿子未来不受气候变化的影响，把想法付诸实践，所以这个想法是实际的。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个想法感觉很实际，我们可以用我们存起来的钱为我们自己的孩子消除这些风险，这些钱是我还在怀孕的时候就开始存的。A. limitations限制；B. objections反对意见；C. doubts怀疑；D. risks风险。根据上文可知，作者认为儿子长大后环境问题会更严重，所以想要保护他，要帮助他消除未来的风险。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过多次讨论，我们一致认为，当我们面临气候紧急情况时，为他的大学教育存钱是没有意义的。A. take effect生效；B. make sense有意义；C. bear fruit结出果实；D. come true成真。根据上文“reliable access to food and water may be more 4 than a diploma (文凭)”和句中“when we are facing a climate emergency”可知，作者认为在面临气候紧急情况时，可靠的食物和水的供应可能比一张文凭重要，为大学教育存钱是没有意义的。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，我们现在正计划用这笔钱投资于一种无碳的生活方式，购买电动汽车，安装太阳能电池板，并开始在后院种植蔬菜。A. care-free无忧无虑的；B. value-free无价值的；C. stress-free无压力的；D. carbon-free无碳的。根据句中“buying electric cars, installing solar panels and starting a backyard vegetable garden”可知，作者购买了电动汽车，安装了太阳能电池板，并开始在后院种植蔬菜，这些都是一种无碳的生活方式。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一位母亲指责我“偷走”了孩子的未来，因为我打算把这些钱花在现在，而不是存起来供孩子接受高等教育。A. accused指责；B. reminded提醒；C. suspected怀疑；D. convinced确信。根据句中“‘stealing’ my child’s future”可知，作者受到另位个母亲的指责。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：另一位母亲指责我“偷走”了孩子的未来，因为我打算把这些钱花在现在，而不是存起来供孩子接受高等教育。A. as well as也；B. instead of而不是；C. prior to在……之前 ；D. in favor of赞成。根据上文可知，作者把儿子的大学基金用于“无碳的生活”，所以这位母亲指责她把钱花在现在，而不是存起来供孩子未来接受高等教育。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我丈夫和我就是活生生的例子，证明你不需要六位数的大学学费就能过上好日子。A. cases情况 ；B. lessons教训 ；C. experience经验 ；D. proof证明，证据。根据上文“I did my first two years at community college to 7 money, and my husband’s college fund got spent on keeping the family business running.”可知，作者与丈夫读大学时也面临了财务问题，但这并未影响他们现在的生活，所以作者觉得自己和丈夫是活生生的证据，证明上大学并不一定需要一大笔大学基金。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：或者他也会像其他80%的学生一样，承担学生贷款债务。A. take on承担 ；B. build on建立在……之上 ；C. try on试穿 ；D. live on靠……生活。根据“loan debt”可知，作者觉得儿子可以与其它大多数学生一样，承担学生贷款去付学费。故选A项。
第四部分短文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan was ____36____ (severe) damaged by a tsunami in 2011, leading to a major nuclear disaster. Since then, water has been continuously used ____37____(cool) the damaged reactors (反应堆) and prevent further damage.
Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the ____38____(operate) of the plant, said that the storage tanks took up too much space due to the wastewater. So Japan initially said that it ____39____(begin) releasing the water into the ocean in the spring of 2023.
On March 17, part of the equipment ____40____was related to the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant started operation for ____41____first time, according to Japanese media TV Asahi.
According to The Guardian, the Japanese government argued that the water ____42____(treat) to remove most of the radioactive isotopes (同位素), so the water would be safe to be released into the ocean.
However, not everyone agrees with this decision. Environmental groups and local fishermen have expressed concern about the impact of the wastewater ____43____marine life and the fishing industry, the BBC reported.
The Chinese Foreign Ministry on March14 once again denounced (谴责) Japan’s unilateral (单边的) decision to dump nuclear-contaminated wastewater into the sea, ____44____(consider) the move an attempt to shift the risk of nuclear pollution to all of mankind.
The ministry also warned the country not to start the plan _____45_____full consultation (磋商) with its neighbors and relevant international institutions.
【答案】36. severely
37. to cool
38. operator
39. would begin
40. which##that
41. the 42. had been treated
43. on 44. considering
45. before
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了日本政府准备在2023年春季开始向海洋排放核废水，但遭到环保组织、当地渔民和中国政府的谴责。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：2011年，日本福岛第一核电站在海啸中遭到严重破坏，引发了一场重大核灾难。提示词修饰动词damaged，用副词severely作状语，意为“非常严重地”。故填severely。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，水一直被用来冷却受损的反应堆，防止进一步损坏。be used to do...是固定搭配，意为“被用来……”。故填to cool。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：该核电站的运营商东京电力公司(TEPCO)表示，由于废水，储存罐占用了太多空间。根据空格前冠词the可知，空格处用名词，结合句意和提示词，表示“运营商”，用名词operator，作同位语。故填operator。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：因此，日本最初表示将在2023年春季开始向海洋排放这些水。提示词是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系，结合主句时态和句意，在过去说将要去做的事情，用过去将来时态would begin。故填would begin。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，与福岛第一核电站核污染水排放有关的部分设备首次开始运行。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，先行词是the equipment，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which或者that引导该从句。故填which或that。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，与福岛第一核电站核污染水排放有关的部分设备首次开始运行。for the first time是固定短语，意为“首次；第一次”，作时间状语。故填the。
【42题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：据《卫报》报道，日本政府辩称，这些水已经经过处理，去除了大部分放射性同位素，因此可以安全排放到海洋中。提示词treat(处理)是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语the water之间是被动关系，结合句意，“水经过处理”发生在现在说可以安全排放之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态。故填had been treated。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：据英国广播公司报道，环保组织和当地渔民对废水对海洋生物和渔业的影响表示担忧。impact on...是固定搭配，意为“对……影响”。故填on。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：3月14日，中国外交部再次谴责日本单方面决定将受核污染的废水倾倒入海，认为此举企图将核污染风险转嫁给全人类。“(consider) the move an attempt to shift the risk of nuclear pollution to all of mankind.”在句中作伴随状语，consider(认为)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The Chinese Foreign Ministry之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动和伴随。故填considering。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：外交部还警告说，在与邻国和相关国际机构充分协商之前，不要启动该计划。根据句意，表示“在……之前”，用介词before构成介词短语，作时间状语。故填before。
第五部分基础知识填空(共两节，满分15分)第一节 单词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下列句子并根据所给的首字母或中文用适当的单词和形式填空。
46. I feel lucky to have the opportunity to s________the country’s delicious cuisines and explore its historical landmarks.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】stomach##tomach
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我很幸运能有机会品尝到这个国家的美味佳肴，探索它的历史地标。根据句意和所给首字母s以及空格前的不定式符合to可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母s开头的动词原形，且意义为“能吃”，所以应该用动词stomach。故填stomach。
47. To h________the role of women in Chinese society, the newspaper publishes a series of stories detailing their work and achievements in different fields. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】highlight##ighlight
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：为了突出女性在中国社会中的作用，该报刊登了一系列报道，详细介绍了她们在不同领域的工作和成就。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词highlight“突出，强调”符合题意，空处填其原形和to构成不定式，作目的状语。故填highlight。
48. We can decrease our carbon foot print by cutting back on water c________and not having our bedding and towels washed every day. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】 consumption##onsumption
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们可以通过减少用水量，不每天洗床上用品和毛巾来减少碳足迹。根据句中“not having our bedding and towels washed every day”可知，要减少用水量，结合首字母提示，用名词consumption作宾语，意为“消耗量”，不可数名词；water consumption“耗水量”。故填consumption。
49. A research team has made a b________in autonomous driving, developing a technology that could resolve self-driving safety concerns. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】breakthrough##reakthrough
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：一个研究小组在自动驾驶领域取得了突破，开发出了一种可以解决自动驾驶安全问题的技术。结合句中“developing a technology that could resolve self-driving safety concerns.”可推知，研究取得了突破，结合首字母提示，应用名词breakthrough作宾语，意为“突破”，根据空格前冠词a可知，用单数名词。故填breakthrough。
50. A series of social problems have a________along with the development of economy. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】arisen##risen
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：随着经济的发展，出现了一系列的社会问题。根据句意和所给首字母a以及空格前的have分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母a开头的动词过去分词，且意义为“产生，出现”，所以应该用arisen。故填arisen。
51. There is________(确凿的) scientific evidence that nature and ecosystems have the potential to adapt to the climate crisis. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】solid
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：有确凿的科学证据表明，自然和生态系统具有适应气候危机的潜力。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词solid，修饰名词evidence，作定语。故填solid。
52. With the ecological balance________(恢复), this area has witnessed reduced sand storms. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】restoring
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：随着生态平衡的恢复，该地区的沙尘暴减少了。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词restore；在with符合结构，应填其非谓语动词形式作宾补，宾语the ecological balance和restore之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填restoring。
53. When he can’t________(识别) a species just by looking at its organ, he consults his library and sends pictures to colleagues. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】identify
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当他不能仅仅通过观察器官来识别一个物种时，他会去图书馆，并将照片发送给同事。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，此处使用动词identify，情态动词can’t后接动词原形。故填identify。
54. The concept of “harmony between humanity and nature” is a________(明显的) characteristic of Chinese civilization. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】distinct
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：“天人合一”的理念是中华文明的鲜明特征。“明显的”在句中修饰名词characteristic，用形容词distinct，作定语。故填distinct。
55. The company aims to be at the forefront of cutting-edge technologies in the world’s largest and most________(充满活力的) vehicle market — China. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】dynamic##vibrant##vigorous
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：该公司的目标是在全球最大、最具活力的汽车市场——中国，走在尖端技术的前沿。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，形容词dynamic/vibrant/vigorous符合题意，做定语，修饰名词词组vehicle market。故填dynamic/vibrant/vigorous。
第二节词组填空(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
阅读下列句子并根据所给的中文提示用适当的词组填空，每空一词。
56. ________ ________(除了……外) global warming, those present at the international meeting also discussed other issues.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. Apart ②. from
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：除了全球变暖，出席国际会议的人还讨论了其他问题。根据汉语提示可知，空格处应该填入一个短语，其意义为“除了”，所以应该用短语apart from。故填Apart from。
57. This was________ ________(毫无疑问) the most challenging examination I have ever taken. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. without ②. doubt
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：这毫无疑问是我参加过的最具挑战性的考试。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用介词短语without doubt。故填①without；②doubt。
58. The company’s attempt to________ ________(打入，进入) the mobile phone market failed after their product sold badly. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. break ②. into
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：由于产品销售不佳，该公司试图打入手机市场的努力失败了。根据汉语提示可知，“打入，进入”应该用动词短语break into表示；再由空格前的不定式符号to可知，break应该用动词原形。故填break into。
59. Last year, about 60 tigers were killed in India, many________ ________ ________(成为……的受害者) traffickers (非法商贩) that operate between India, Nepal and China. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. falling ②. victim ③. to
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和独立主格。句意：去年，印度约有60只老虎被杀，其中许多是在印度、尼泊尔和中国之间活动的人贩子的受害者。根据汉语提示，动词短语fall victim to符合；分析可知，此处为独立主格结构作状语，fall into victim和主语many（指代老虎）之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填falling；into；victim。
60. It_______ ________ ________ _______(毫不奇怪) to see competition among political parties as they hold different beliefs. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. comes ②. as ③. no ④. surprise
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。句意：看到政党之间的竞争并不奇怪，因为他们持有不同的信仰。根据汉语提示可知，动词短语come as no surprise符合题意；come为主句谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填comes；as；no；surprise。
第六部分写作(满分25分)
61. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文
The icy wind howled across the empty street and it was an unusually quiet day in the emergency room on December 25th. Quiet, that is, except for the nurses who were standing around the nurses’ station complaining about having to work on Christmas Day.
I was a guiding nurse that day and had just done the cleanup in the waiting room. Since there were no patients waiting to be seen at the time, I returned to the nurses’ station for a cup of hot coffee that someone had brought in for Christmas. Just then, a colleague came in and told me I had five patients waiting to be evaluated.
I was surprised, “Five? How did I get five? I was just out there and no one was in the waiting room.”
“Well, there are five signed in. ”
So I went straight out and called the first name. Five bodies showed up at my guiding desk, a pale short woman and four small children in untidy clothing.
“Are you all sick?” I asked. “Yes, " she said weakly and lowered her head.
“Okay, ” I replied. “Who’s first?” One by one they sat down, and I asked the usual beginning questions. When it came to the description of their symptoms, things got a little vague(含糊的). Two of the children had headaches, but the headaches weren’t accompanied by the normal body language of holding the head or trying to keep it still. Two children had earaches, but only one could tell me which ear was affected. The mother complained of a cough, but seemed to work to produce it.
Something was wrong with the picture. Suddenly I knew something. So I explained to the mother that it might be a little while before a doctor saw her because there were several more critical patients. she responded, “Take your time. It’s warm here and there is a Christmas tree.”
注意： 续写词数应为 150 左右：
Then the mother turned and, with a smile, settled her kids in the waiting room.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The nurses, complaining about working Christmas, turned to sympathy for the homeless family.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Then the mother turned and, with a smile, settled her kids in the waiting room. Though warm, the room was far from comfortable for children, who nestled closely by the Christmas tree. The youngest kid was staring at gifts under the tree, exclaiming something to her mother. Met with refusal, the wretched creature was on the verge of tears. The guilty mother looked upset, great sorrow clouding her face. The rest froze, eyes falling on their little sister. Realizing they were homeless, I went back and told my colleagues what had happened.
My colleagues, complaining about working Christmas, turned to sympathy for the homeless family. Soon we were busy preparing presents for our unexpected guests, who just wanted to stay warm on Christmas Day. With gifts in hand, the kids couldn’t control their joy, whose laughter became quite infectious. The waiting room was filled with happiness and we were able to locate a shelter that would take the family in. As they were leaving, the mother hugged each of us and whispered, “You’re our angels and it’s your love that warms us up!”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在圣诞节当天作为指导护士在医院值班，有五个人来院看病，作者去问诊但这一家子人描述病状很不清楚，后来作者明白他们是无家可归来这里度过圣诞节，医院的值班护士们为他们准备礼物的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后，这位母亲转过身来，带着微笑，让她的孩子们在候诊室安顿下来。”可知，第一段可描写作者通过观察明白了这家人的困难。
②由第二段首句内容“护士们抱怨圣诞节要上班，转而对无家可归的家庭表示同情。”可知，第二段可描写医院的护士为他们准备礼物，这家人非常感激。
2.续写线索：问诊——起疑——顿悟——同情——惊喜——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①说：exclaim/speak/say/tell
②控制：control/command/get command of
情绪类
①悲伤：sorrow/grief
②可怜的：wretched/poor/ pitiful
点睛】
[高分句型1]. Though warm, the room was far from comfortable for children, who nestled closely by the Christmas tree.(运用了状语从句的省略，who引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]. The youngest kid was staring at gifts under the tree, exclaiming something to her mother.(运用了现在分词作状语)
南京师大附中2022-2023学年度第2学期
高二年级期中考试
注意事项
英语试卷考生在答题前请认真阅读本注意事项及各题答题要求@
1.本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为120分钟。
2.答卷前，务必将姓名、班级、学号、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
3.请用0.5毫米黑色签字笔按题号在答题卡指定区域作答，在其它位置作答一律无效。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 (共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Where did the boy find the frog?
A．In the park. B．In the house. C．In the garden.
2.Who is the man speaking to?
A．A bank clerk. B．A hotel receptionist. C．A restaurant manager.
3.What size does the man want?
A．Small. B．Medium. C．Large.
4.What does the woman want to do?
A．Go shopping. B．Save money. C．Buy a new house.
5.How do the children feel?
A．Excited. B．Sleepy. C．Bored.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6.Why does the man want to open a new account?
A．For daily use. B．For saving money. C．For a more expensive purchase.
7.What is the man’s main problem?
A．He doesn’t own an ID card.
B．He doesn’t get enough money.
C．He doesn’t have the right documents.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8.What size shoes does the man probably often wear?
A．42. B．41. C．40.
9.What is probably the man’s favorite type of exercise?
A．Running. B．Tennis. C．Hiking.
10.What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A．Teammates. B．Husband and wife. C．Salesperson and customer.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11.Where are the speakers?
A．At a clothing store.
B．At their house.
C．At a travel agency.
12.How long will the speakers stay in the Swiss Alps?
A．For two days. B．For five days. C．For seven days.
13.What does the woman suggest the man do?
A.Try packing the suitcase.
B.Buy clothes for the travel.
C.Wear jackets onto the plane.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14.What does the man say about his working experience?
A．He owned a small business years ago.
B．He worked at a company for several years.
C．He has taught Spanish for a couple of years.
15.Why does the man want to leave his present job?
A．To gain higher pay.
B．To get a full-time job.
C．To work close to home.
16.What is the man interested in?
A．Travel. B．Computer games. C．Foreign languages.
17．What question did the man ask the woman?
A．When he is supposed to start work
B．What responsibilities he would have.
C．When he will be informed about his application.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18.What is the main idea of the talk?
A．Ways to save the planet.
B．New rules around electric cars.
C．The production of plastic bottles.
19.When will the production of petrol cars stop?
A．By 2021. B．By 2025. C．By 2030.
20.What does the speaker suggest as alternatives to plastic bottles?
A．Glass bottles. B．Metal bottles. C．Wood bottles.
第二部分阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Frequently Asked Questions for Yellowstone National Park
How much is the entrance fee?
$85-Private, non-commercial vehicle; $30-Motorcycle or snowmobile (winter);
$20-Visitors 16 and older entering by foot, bike, ski, etc.
*This fee provides the visitor with a 7-day entrance permit for both Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks.
Where should we stay?
Your decision may depend on how much time you have and what you want to see the most. If you plan on visiting Yellowstone National Park for only a few days and want to experience some of the main attractions then West Yellowstone would be a good base. If you want to have the full park experience then perhaps lodging (住宿) at Old Faithful would be a good choice. If you want to view the most wildlife, then we suggest the Northeast Entrance.
When is the best time to visit the park?
This depends on what your interests are. Spring has abundant wildlife, roaring waterfalls and wild weather. Summer has it all including the most crowds, so you’d better get out early and eat your breakfast on the road! Fall is a special time of year. Everything seems to be declining including the crowds. Winter is a time of being a bit of social isolation. In years past it was more “economical” to visit most of the park. Now it is more restricted unless you can afford a snow-coach or guided snowmobile tour.
Can I get Cell and Wi-Fi?
Free public Wi-Fi is available at Al-bright Visitor Center and at some park lodges for registered guests. Cell service is extremely limited, with reception only available in or near major developed areas. In summer, service often reaches its limit in these areas.
Yet, it is sad to see the latest generation fade away from normal everyday activities and conversation. Get out, look around, admire the wonders. There’re plenty of natural and human distractions around every corner. The last thing we want to do is distract visitors from Yellowstone’s wonders especially while driving.
1. How much is the entrance fee in total if Jeffery makes a self-driving trip to Yellowstone with his father and his 14-year-old daughter during the winter vacation?
A. $50 B. $85 C. $105 D. $125
2. The underlined sentence implies that .
A. most of the park was restricted to visitors in winter in the past
B. visiting Yellowstone in winter is preferred by most local people
C. winter used to be the best time to visit the park in terms of expenses
D. nowadays most people choose to tour the park on a snow-coach in winter
3. We can learn from the passage that .
A. the wireless connection is not satisfactory
B. Old Faithful provides a full view of the park
C. the entrance ticket applies to Yellowstone only
D. younger generations make up the majority of park visitors
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章回答了几个关于黄石国家公园旅游的问题。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据How much is the entrance fee?部分中“$85-Private, non-commercial vehicle ($85-私人、非商业车辆)”可知，杰弗瑞在寒假期间与父亲和女儿自驾游黄石公园需要支付私家车入场费85美元。故选B项。
【2题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线句中“In years past”和下文“Now”可推知，上下文描述了过去和现在的情况，结合下文“Now it is more restricted unless you can afford a snow-coach or guided snowmobile tour. (现在的限制更多了，除非你能负担得起雪上马车或有导游的雪上摩托之旅)”中“more restricted”可推知，上下文比较了冬季游黄石公园受到限制的情况，所以，划线句中“In years past it was more ‘economical’ to visit most of the park.”是指过去在冬季游黄石公园，大部分地方都是受到限制的，而现在限制更多了。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Can I get Cell and Wi-Fi?部分中“Free public Wi-Fi is available at Al-bright Visitor Center and at some park lodges for registered guests. Cell service is extremely limited, with reception only available in or near major developed areas. In summer, service often reaches its limit in these areas. (阿尔布赖特游客中心和部分公园小屋为已登记的客人提供免费公共Wi-Fi。手机服务非常有限，只有在主要开发地区或附近才能接收到信号。在夏季，这些地区的服务常常达到极限)”可知，公园里的无线信号差强人意。故选A项。
B
On January 7th, 2022, David Bennett became the first person to have a heart transplanted successfully into him from a pig. On that occasion, mere operation success was the goal. This operation is a milestone for xenotransplantation (异种移植)— the transfer of organs from other species to human patients.
For decades, researchers have attempted to deal with xenotransplantation’s basic problem. This is that the human body, when it recognizes foreign tissue, tends to turn against it. In the case of pigs, the most important marker of foreignness is a sugar molecule (分子) called alpha-Gal. While this molecule does not exist in humans, antibodies to kill it do. So no transplant from a pig with alpha-Gal would last more than a couple of minutes in a human body. In 2003 pigs were produced with a changed genome so as to prevent the enzyme (酶) responsible for making alpha-Gal. This was a step in the right direction, but other barriers popped up.
The pig for David’s operation had a genome changed in ten ways to increase the chances of success. Three genes had been removed to reduce the risk of a human antibody rejecting the organ. A fourth, a growth gene, had also been knocked out, to ensure the heart did not enlarge after transplantation. And six human genes had been added to promote acceptance.
There are other concerns. One is any unknown rejection mechanism. Another is the possibility that the organ may pass viruses to its new host. The pig in question was raised where there was no virus to reduce the chance of that, but it remains a possibility.
In theory, pigs can be raised to provide humans with any solid organ, but some will be more complex than others. Moreover, even if these barriers can be overcome, most researchers still acknowledge that increasing xenotransplantation to meet the world’s demand for organs may take decades. After this news, however, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.
4. What is the basic problem of xenotransplantation?
A. The human body lacks alpha-Gal.
B. The human body resists foreign tissues.
C. The life of the transplanted organ is too short.
D. The enzyme is prevented from making alpha-Gal.
5. Why was a growth gene removed in David’s case?
A. Because it would change David’s genome.
B. Because it would lead to heart enlargement.
C. Because it would make the heart more acceptable.
D. Because it would be recognized by David’s antibodies.
6. What can we learn about the pig?
A. It saved the patient’s life perfectly.
B. It had a decreased number of genes.
C. It had an unknown rejection mechanism.
D. It was raised in a virus-free environment.
7. What is the author’s attitude towards the future of xenotransplantation?
A. Optimistic. B. Indifferent. C. Disturbed. D. Uncertain.
【答案】4. B 5. B 6. D 7. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了全球首例异种移植手术成功，大卫·贝内特成为第一个从猪身上成功移植心脏的人。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“For decades, researchers have attempted to deal with xenotransplantation’s basic problem. This is that the human body, when it recognizes foreign tissue, tends to turn against it.”（几十年来，研究人员一直试图解决异种移植的基本问题。这就是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织。）可知，异种移植的基本问题是当人体辨别出外来组织时，往往会抵抗外来组织，由此可知，异种移植的基本障碍是人体抵抗（排斥）外来组织。故选B项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“A fourth, a growth gene, had also been knocked out, to ensure the heart did not enlarge after transplantation.”（第四个是生长基因，也被移除，以确保移植后心脏不会扩大。）可知，移除生长基因是为了确保移植后心脏不会扩大。故选B项。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“The pig in question was raised where there was no virus to reduce the chance of that, but it remains a possibility.”（讨论中的那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的，以减少感染的机会，但仍然有可能感染病毒。）可知，为了减少感染的机会，那头猪是在没有病毒的地方饲养的。故选D项。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句“Moreover, even these barriers can be overcome, most researchers still acknowledge that increasing xenotransplantation to meet the world’s demand for organs may take decades. After this news, however, the chances that it will happen eventually have increased.”（此外，即使这些障碍可以克服，大多数研究人员仍然承认，增加异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求可能需要几十年。然而，这一消息之后，最终发生的可能性增加了。）可知，作者认为，这次异种移植手术的成功，表明未来异种移植以满足世界对器官的需求的可能性增加了，由此可知，作者对异种移植的未来持乐观态度。故选A项。
C
What do Harry Potter, Katniss Everdeen, and Frodo all have in common with the heroes of ancient myths (神话)?Joseph Campbell studied myths from all over the world and published a book called “The Hero with a Thousand Faces”, retelling dozens of stories and explaining how each represents the mono-myth, or Hero’s Journey. So, what is the “Hero’s Journey”?
He thinks of it as a cycle in his book. The journey begins with the hero receiving a mysterious message, an invitation, or a challenge. After crossing the threshold from his safe home to adventure, with some help probably from someone older, wiser, our hero solves a riddle, slays a monster, escapes from a trap. The hero’s darkest hour then comes, when he faces death and possibly even dies, only to be reborn. As a result, the hero claims some treasure, special recognition, or power, which can vary between stories. After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world, but upgrades to a new level. Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero.
The Hero’s Journey myth exists in all human cultures and keeps getting updated, because we humans reflect on our world through symbolic stories of our own lives. You leave your comfort zone, have an experience that transforms you and then you recover and do it again. You don’t literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort, but you face problems just as scary. Joseph Campbell said, “In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek.”
What is the symbolic cave then you fear to enter? Auditions (试镜) for the school play? Baseball tryouts? Love?
Watch for this formula (公式) in books, movies, and TV shows you come across. You will certainly see it again. Also be sensitive to it in your own life. Listen for your call to adventure. Accept the challenge. Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek. And then, do it all over again.
8. What is the correct order of the “Hero’s Journey”?
①Return to the ordinary world but upgrade to a new level.
②Receive a call to adventure and assistance from a wiser man.
③Set out on the adventure and go through a series of tough trials.
④Face a life-or-death crisis and be reborn with some special power.
A. ①②③④ B. ④②①③ C. ②③④① D. ③②④①
9. Why is Hero’s Journey myth so popular?
A. Because it’s a way to learn about the past.
B. Because it’s a way to reflect on our world.
C. Because these stories are part of human culture.
D. Because these stories are always being updated.
10. Which of the following may the author disagree with?
A. We all need a “cave” to hide in face of danger.
B. Difficulties we face tend to be treasures in life.
C. Our comfort zone will promote our development.
D. We should watch more movies and shows for the formula.
11. Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage?
A. Where to Find a Hero. B. Be Your Own Hero.
C. How to Conquer Your Fear. D. Seek Your Scary Cave.
【答案】8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过介绍英雄的旅程，倡导大家倾听冒险的召唤，接受挑战，征服恐惧。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The journey begins with the hero receiving a mysterious message, an invitation, or a challenge. After crossing the threshold from his safe home to adventure, with some help probably from someone older, wiser, our hero solves a riddle, slays a monster, escapes from a trap. The hero’s darkest hour then comes, when he faces death and possibly even dies, only to be reborn. As a result, the hero claims some treasure, special recognition, or power, which can vary between stories. After all that adventure, the hero returns to his ordinary world, but upgrades to a new level. Nothing is quite the same once you are a hero. (旅程开始于英雄收到一个神秘的信息，一个邀请，或一个挑战。英雄步出平凡安稳的家门，展开冒险。在一些年长、聪明的人的帮助下，他解开了一个谜语，杀死了一个怪物，从陷阱中逃脱。然后，英雄最黑暗的时刻到来了，他面临死亡，甚至为了能够重生，必须先死过一次。结果，英雄获得了一些宝藏、特别的认可或力量，这些在不同的故事中有所不同。在所有的冒险之后，英雄回到了他的平凡世界，但他再也不是昔日吴下阿蒙)”可知，英雄的旅程是：接到冒险的召唤并受到智者的帮助——踏上冒险之旅并经历一系列艰难的考验——面对生死危机，获得重生和特殊能力——回到平凡的世界，超越过去的自己，提升到新的水平。对应的正确顺序是②③④①。故选C。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The Hero’s Journey myth exists in all human cultures and keeps getting updated because we humans reflect on our world through symbolic stories of our own lives. (英雄之旅存在于所有的文化中，并且不断地推陈出新。因为我们人类通过自身生活中极具象征性的故事，反映出所处的世界)”可知，英雄之旅的神话如此流行是因为它是反思我们的世界的一种方式。故选B。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段“You don’t literally slay dragons or fight Voldemort, but you face problems just as scary. Joseph Campbell said, “In the cave you fear to enter lies the treasure you seek.”(你不需要真正地屠龙或对抗伏地魔，但你面临的问题同样可怕。约瑟夫·坎贝尔说过：“在你害怕进入的洞穴里，藏着你所寻找的宝藏”)”以及倒数第二段“What is the symbolic cave then you fear to enter? Auditions (试镜) for the school play? Baseball tryouts? Love?(你害怕进入的象征性洞穴是什么？学校戏剧的试镜？棒球选拔赛？ 爱？)”可知，在你害怕进入的洞穴里，藏着你所寻找的宝藏，由此推知，作者认为“洞穴”是好的，只有进入这些你害怕进入的洞穴才能找到寻找中的宝藏。A项：We all need a “cave” to hide in face of danger(面对困难时，我们都需要一个“洞穴”来躲藏)与作者表述不符。故选A。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，并结合最后一段“You will certainly see it again. Also be sensitive to it in your own life. Listen for your call to adventure. Accept the challenge. Conquer your fear and claim the treasure you seek. And then, do it all over again.(你一定会再看到它。在你自己的生活中也要对它保持敏感。倾听冒险的召唤。接受挑战。征服你的恐惧，得到你想要的宝藏。然后，再来一遍)”可知，文章倡导去冒险，接受挑战，征服恐惧。B项：Be Your Own Hero(做自己的英雄)可以作为本文的最佳标题。故选B。
D
America was where all my mother’s hopes lay. My mother believed one could be anything he wanted to be in America. “You can be a prodigy (神童), too,” my mother told me when I was nine. “You can be best at anything.” We didn’t immediately pick the right kind of prodigy. At first my mother thought I could be a Chinese Shirley Temple. We’d watch Shirley’s old movies on TV as though they were training films. My mother would poke my arm and say, “Ni kan”—You watch.
Soon after my mother got this idea about Shirley Temple, she took me to a beauty training school and put me in the hands of a student who could barely hold the scissors without shaking. Instead of getting big fat curls, I emerged with an uneven mass of crinkly black fuzz.
In fact, in the beginning, I was just as excited as my mother, maybe even more so. I pictured this prodigy part of me as many different images, trying each one on for size. I was a dainty ballerina girl standing by the curtains, waiting to hear the right music that would send me floating on my tiptoes. I was Cinderella stepping from her pumpkin carriage with sparkly cartoon music filling the air.
In all of my imaginings, I was filled with a sense that I would soon become perfect. My mother and father would adore me. I would be beyond reproach (责备). I would never be annoyed by anything. Every night after dinner, my mother and I would sit at the Formica kitchen table. She would present new tests, taking her examples from stories of amazing children she had read and a dozen other magazines she kept in a pile in our bathroom. My mother got these magazines from people whose houses she cleaned. She would look through them all, searching for stories about remarkable children.
The first night she brought out a story about a three-year-old boy who knew the capitals of all the states and even most of the European countries. A teacher was quoted as saying the little boy could also pronounce the names of the foreign cities correctly.
“What’s the capital of Finland?” my mother asked me, looking at the magazine story.
All I knew was the capital of California, because Sacramento was the name of the street we lived on in Chinatown. “Nairobi!” I guessed, saying the most foreign word I could think of. She checked to see if that was possibly one way to pronounce “Helsinki” before showing me the answer.
The tests got harder — multiplying numbers in my head, finding the queen of hearts in a deck of cards, trying to stand on my head without using my hands, predicting the daily temperatures in Los Angeles, New York, and London.
And after seeing my mother’s disappointed face once again, something inside of me began to die. I hated the tests, the raised hopes and failed expectations. Before going to bed that night, I looked in the mirror and when I saw only my face staring back — and that it would always be this ordinary face — I began to cry. Such a sad, ugly girl! I made high-pitched (尖锐的) noises like a crazed animal, trying to scratch out the face in the mirror.
And then I saw what seemed to be the prodigy side of me — because I had never seen that face before. I looked at my reflection, blinking so I could see more clearly. The girl staring back at me was angry, powerful. This girl and I were the same. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts. I won’t let her change me, I promised myself. I won’t be what I’m not.
12. Why did the mother and the girl watch Shirley Temple’s old movies on TV?
A. Because the mother was a fan of Shirley Temple
B. Because the girl resembled Shirley Temple in appearance.
C. Because Shirley Temple’s hairstyle was very popular among children.
D. Because the mother wanted her daughter to be a Chinese Shirley Temple.
13. Which of the following statements is TRUE about the tests the girl did every night?
A. She got through the tests painfully.
B. She felt confident and finished them smoothly.
C. She failed the tests and began to lose confidence.
D. She made preparations for tests to please her mother.
14. What does the underlined sentence in the passage mean?
A. The mother was disappointed and gave up her daughter.
B. The mother expected her daughter to know the right answer.
C. The answers were more than one and the mother checked them.
D. The mother was not sure about the answer and wanted to confirm it.
15. What might happen after the last paragraph?
A. The girl might do what she really likes.
B. The girl might do whatever her mother asks.
C. The girl might try her best to become successful.
D. The mother might change her attitude and listen to her daughter.
【答案】12. D 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了望女成凤的妈妈把女儿按天才来培养，但无数次的失败让女儿失去信心。但一次镜子前的自省让女儿接受了真正的自我，决定不再受妈妈的摆布，要去做自己真正喜欢做的事。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“At first my mother thought I could be a Chinese Shirley Temple. We’d watch Shirley’s old movies on TV as though they were training films.(起初，我妈妈认为我可以成为中国的秀兰·邓波儿。我们会在电视上看雪莉演的老电影，就像看训练电影一样)”可知，妈妈和女孩在电视上看秀兰·邓波儿的老电影是因为妈妈希望女儿成为中国的秀兰·邓波儿，让女儿通过看电影来接受训练。故选D项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“And after seeing my mother’s disappointed face once again, something inside of me began to die. I hated the tests, the raised hopes and failed expectations. Before going to bed that night, I looked in the mirror and when I saw only my face staring back — and that it would always be this ordinary face — I began to cry. Such a sad, ugly girl!(在再次看到母亲失望的脸后，我内心的某些东西开始消亡。我讨厌考试，讨厌那些高涨的希望和失败的期望。那天晚上睡觉前，我照镜子，只看到自己的脸在盯着我看——而且永远都是这张普通的脸——我哭了起来。多么悲伤、丑陋的女孩!)”可知，女孩没有通过那些测试，并开始对自己失去信心。故选C项。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文可知，妈妈问女儿“芬兰的首都是哪里?”，女儿给出了一个明显错误的答案“内罗毕”。根据划线句“She checked to see if that was possibly one way to pronounce “Helsinki” before showing me the answer.(在给我看答案之前，她查了一下“赫尔辛基”是否可能是这样发音的)”可知，妈妈专门查了芬兰首都“赫尔辛基”是否可以读作“内罗毕”，由此推知，妈妈非常希望女儿的答案是正确的，甚至寄希望于“内罗毕”是“赫尔辛基”的另一个读音。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段中“I looked at my reflection, blinking so I could see more clearly. The girl staring back at me was angry, powerful. This girl and I were the same. I had new thoughts, willful thoughts, or rather thoughts filled with lots of won’ts. I won’t let her change me, I promised myself. I won’t be what I’m not.(我看着自己的影子，眨了眨眼睛，以便看得更清楚。那个盯着我看的女孩很生气，很强势。这个女孩和我是一样的。我有了新的想法，任性的想法，或者更确切地说，是充满了很多不愿意的想法。我不会让她改变我，我向自己保证。我不会成为我不是的样子)”可推知，女儿的遭受挫折后重新审视了自己，接受了真正的自我，决定不再受妈妈的摆布。接下来，她要去做自己真正喜欢做的事。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Imagine that as you are boarding an airplane, half the engineers who built the plane tell you there is a 10 percent chance the plane will crash, killing you and everyone else on board. Would you still board?
In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in a survey about future AI risk. Half of those surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems. ____16____
The fear of AI has haunted humanity since the mid-20th century, yet until recently it has remained a distant prospect, something that belongs in sci-fi more than in serious scientific and political debates. ____17____ It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities. But most of the key skills boil down to one thing: the ability to manipulate (操纵) and generate language, whether with words, sounds or images.
In the beginning was the word. ____18____ From language emerges myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations—even computer code. AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization. What would it mean for humans to live in a world where a large percentage of stories, melodies, images, laws, policies and tools are shaped by non-human intelligence? ____19____What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion?
____20____We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence? The time to reckon with AI is before our politics, our economy and our daily life become dependent on it.
A. Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.
B. Language is the operating system of human culture.
C. In games like chess, no human can hope to beat a computer.
D. By gaining mastery of language, AI is seizing the master key to civilization.
E. Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.
F. For thousands of years we humans have lived inside the dreams of other humans.
G. It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.
【答案】16. E 17. G 18. B 19. C 20. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍人工智能可能让人类面临巨大危机。
【16题详解】
根据上文“In 2022, over 700 top academics and researchers behind the leading artificial intelligence companies were asked in a survey about future AI risk. Half of those surveyed stated that there was a 10 percent or greater chance of human extinction from future AI systems.(2022年，一项关于未来人工智能风险的调查询问了700多名顶尖学者和领先人工智能公司背后的研究人员。一半的受访者表示，未来的人工智能系统有10%或更大的可能性导致人类灭绝)”结合第一段提到让人们登上有10%坠机可能的飞机，以及下文陈述人工智能将让人类面临危机可知，技术（人工智能）让所有人类都登上了这家可能坠毁的“飞机”。E项“Technology companies are caught in a race to put all of humanity on that plane.(科技公司陷入了一场让全人类都登上这架飞机的竞赛)”符合语境。故选E。
【17题详解】
根据下文“It is even harder to grasp the speed at which these tools are developing even more advanced and powerful capabilities.(要掌握这些工具开发更先进、更强大功能的速度就更难了)”中的even harder推知，空处陈述了一种人类难以掌握的工具。G项“It’s difficult for human minds to grasp the capabilities of GPT-4 and similar tools.(人类很难掌握GPT-4和类似工具的功能)”符合题意，difficult呼应下文harder， 下文thesd tools指代选项中的GPT-4 and similar tools。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据下文“From language emerges myth and law, goods and money, art and science, friendships and nations—even computer code. (从语言中产生了神话和法律、商品和金钱、艺术和科学、友谊和国家，甚至计算机代码)”可知，语言对人类来说尤为重要。再结合“AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization.(人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统)”推知，语言之所以重要是因为它是人类的操作系统。B项“Language is the operating system of human culture.(语言是人类文化的操作系统)”符合题意。故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“AI’s new mastery of language means it can now hack and manipulate the operating system of civilization.(人工智能对语言的新掌握意味着它现在可以破解和操纵文明的操作系统)”和下文“What happens when the same thing occurs in art, politics, and even religion?(当同样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时会发生什么？)”推知，空处提到了一种人工智能操纵或者打败人类的情况，而当这样的事情发生在艺术、政治甚至宗教中时可能会产生难以预料的后果。C项“In games like chess, no human can hope to beat a computer.(在像国际象棋这样的游戏中，没有人能指望打败电脑)”符合语境，下文的“the same thing”指代选项内容。故选C。
【20题详解】
空处位于段首，应总起下文。根据下文“We are surrounded by culture, experiencing reality through a cultural prism (棱镜). Our views are shaped by the reports of journalists and the accounts of friends. What will it be like to experience reality through a prism produced by non-human intelligence?(我们被文化包围，通过文化棱镜体验现实。记者的报道和朋友的描述塑造了我们的观点。通过非人类智慧产生的棱镜来体验现实会是什么样子？)”可知，我们的观点通常都是根据记者的报道和朋友的描述形成的，由此推知，人类很少直接接触现实。A项“Humans often don’t have direct access to reality.(人类通常无法直接接触现实)”符合题意，总起下文，reality是关键词。故选A。
第三部分语言运用(共一节，满分15分)
完形填空(共15小题，每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last month, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released a report that a hotter future is unavoidable. The scientists predict killer heatwaves, a(n)____21____ of water and food, and millions of people suffering and dying. In 2040 when my son will be college-aged, he will likely be more ____22____with air quality and escaping the heat than with his academic achievements. By the time he has ____23____of his own, reliable access to food and water may be more ____24____than a diploma (文凭).
That night, I asked my husband: What if we stopped putting money in our son’s college fund and started using that money to ____25____him from climate change?
____26____played a big role in both my and my husband’s college decisions — I did my first two years at community college to ____27____money, and my husband’s college fund got spent on keeping the family business running. The idea felt ____28____that we would be removing those____29____for our own kids with the money we were putting aside, something we had started doing while I was still pregnant.
After much discussion, we agreed that saving money for his college education when we are facing a climate emergency just doesn’t _____30_____. Instead, we are planning on using the money to invest (投资) in a _____31_____life style now by buying electric cars, installing solar panels and starting a backyard vegetable garden.
Another mom _____32_____me of “stealing” my child’s future by planning to spend this money now ____33____saving it for higher education. But my husband and I are living _____34_____that you don’t need a six-figure college fund to do well in life. If my son wants to go to college, he’ll figure out a way. Or he’ll be like nearly 80% of the other students and _____35_____student loan debt.
21. A. flood B. shortage C. abundance D. amount
22. A. bored B. familiar C. concerned D. content
23. A. kids B. life C. business D. property
24. A. impressive B. convenient C. creative D. acceptable
25. A. free B. separate C. release D. protect
26 A. Education B. Experiences C. Finances D. Family
27. A. raise B. earn C. save D. pay
28. A. practical B. original C. fashionable D. amazing
29. A. limitations B. objections C. doubts D. risks
30. A. take effect B. make sense C. bear fruit D. come true
31. A. care-free B. value-free C. stress-free D. carbon-free
32. A. accused B. reminded C. suspected D. convinced
33. A. as well as B. instead of C. prior to D. in favor of
34. A. cases B. lessons C. experience D. proof
35 A. take on B. build on C. try on D. live on
【答案】21 B 22. C 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述作者担心儿子将来的生活会受到气候变化的影响，决定把给儿子存的大学基金用于践行“无碳生活”，让儿子的将来免受气候变化的影响。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学家们预测了致命的热浪，水和食物的短缺以及数百万人的痛苦和死亡。A. flood洪水；B. shortage短缺；C. abundance丰富；D. amount数量。根据句中“millions of people suffering and dying”可推知，气候变化造成的是灾难性后果，水和食物的短缺，符合语境。故选B项。
【22题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：到2040年，当我儿子上大学的时候，他可能会更关心空气质量和避暑，而不是学习成绩。A. bored厌烦的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. concerned关心的；D. content满意的。根据上文“a hotter future is unavoidable”和句中“air quality and escaping the heat”可推知，儿子上大学时环境问题更严重，所以他更关心的是环境问题。故选C项。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：当他有了自己的生活时，可靠的食物和水的供应可能比一张文凭更令人印象深刻。A. kids孩子；B. life生活；C. business商业；D. property财产。根据句中“By the time he has...”可知，句中说的是将来的事情，指儿子有了自己的生活。故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当他有了自己的生活时，可靠的食物和水的供应可能比一张文凭更令人印象深刻。A. impressive令人印象深刻的，令人瞩目的；B. convenient方便的；C. creative创造性的；D. acceptable可接受的。根据上文可知，作者认为更热的未来是不可避免的，儿子长大后环境问题会更严重，所以她认为在将来“可靠的食物和水的供应”比文凭更重要，更令人瞩目。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们不再为儿子的大学基金存钱，而是开始用这笔钱保护他免受气候变化的影响呢?。A. free使免于；B. separate分开；C. release释放；D. protect保护。根据上文可知，作者认为儿子长大后环境问题会更严重，所以想要保护他，让他免受气候变化的影响；protect...from...“保护……不受……伤害”。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：经济状况在我和我丈夫的大学选择中都起了很大的作用——我在社区大学读了前两年是为了省钱，而我丈夫的大学基金则花在了维持家族企业的运转上。A. Education教育；B. Experiences经验；C. Finances财务，经济情况；D. Family家庭。根据下文“I did my first two years at community college to 7 money, and my husband’s college fund got spent on keeping the family business running.”可知，作者讲述的是经济状况对大学的影响。故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：经济状况在我和我丈夫的大学选择中都起了很大的作用——我在社区大学读了前两年是为了省钱，而我丈夫的大学基金则花在了维持家族企业的运转上。A. raise筹集；B. earn赚取；C. save节省；D. pay付出。结合常识可知，“community college”的学费更便宜。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这个想法感觉很实际，我们可以用我们存起来的钱为我们自己的孩子消除这些风险，这些钱是我还在怀孕的时候就开始存的。A. practical实际的，切实可行的；B. original原始的；C. fashionable时尚的；D. amazing惊人的。根据下文“using the money to invest (投资) in a 11 life style now by buying electric cars, installing solar panels and starting a backyard vegetable garden”可知，作者真的把儿子的大学基金用来帮助儿子未来不受气候变化的影响，把想法付诸实践，所以这个想法是实际的。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个想法感觉很实际，我们可以用我们存起来的钱为我们自己的孩子消除这些风险，这些钱是我还在怀孕的时候就开始存的。A. limitations限制；B. objections反对意见；C. doubts怀疑；D. risks风险。根据上文可知，作者认为儿子长大后环境问题会更严重，所以想要保护他，要帮助他消除未来的风险。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：经过多次讨论，我们一致认为，当我们面临气候紧急情况时，为他的大学教育存钱是没有意义的。A. take effect生效；B. make sense有意义；C. bear fruit结出果实；D. come true成真。根据上文“reliable access to food and water may be more 4 than a diploma (文凭)”和句中“when we are facing a climate emergency”可知，作者认为在面临气候紧急情况时，可靠的食物和水的供应可能比一张文凭重要，为大学教育存钱是没有意义的。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：相反，我们现在正计划用这笔钱投资于一种无碳的生活方式，购买电动汽车，安装太阳能电池板，并开始在后院种植蔬菜。A. care-free无忧无虑的；B. value-free无价值的；C. stress-free无压力的；D. carbon-free无碳的。根据句中“buying electric cars, installing solar panels and starting a backyard vegetable garden”可知，作者购买了电动汽车，安装了太阳能电池板，并开始在后院种植蔬菜，这些都是一种无碳的生活方式。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一位母亲指责我“偷走”了孩子的未来，因为我打算把这些钱花在现在，而不是存起来供孩子接受高等教育。A. accused指责；B. reminded提醒；C. suspected怀疑；D. convinced确信。根据句中“‘stealing’ my child’s future”可知，作者受到另位个母亲的指责。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：另一位母亲指责我“偷走”了孩子的未来，因为我打算把这些钱花在现在，而不是存起来供孩子接受高等教育。A. as well as也；B. instead of而不是；C. prior to在……之前 ；D. in favor of赞成。根据上文可知，作者把儿子的大学基金用于“无碳的生活”，所以这位母亲指责她把钱花在现在，而不是存起来供孩子未来接受高等教育。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我丈夫和我就是活生生的例子，证明你不需要六位数的大学学费就能过上好日子。A. cases情况 ；B. lessons教训 ；C. experience经验 ；D. proof证明，证据。根据上文“I did my first two years at community college to 7 money, and my husband’s college fund got spent on keeping the family business running.”可知，作者与丈夫读大学时也面临了财务问题，但这并未影响他们现在的生活，所以作者觉得自己和丈夫是活生生的证据，证明上大学并不一定需要一大笔大学基金。故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：或者他也会像其他80%的学生一样，承担学生贷款债务。A. take on承担 ；B. build on建立在……之上 ；C. try on试穿 ；D. live on靠……生活。根据“loan debt”可知，作者觉得儿子可以与其它大多数学生一样，承担学生贷款去付学费。故选A项。
第四部分短文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Japan was ____36____ (severe) damaged by a tsunami in 2011, leading to a major nuclear disaster. Since then, water has been continuously used ____37____(cool) the damaged reactors (反应堆) and prevent further damage.
Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO), the ____38____(operate) of the plant, said that the storage tanks took up too much space due to the wastewater. So Japan initially said that it ____39____(begin) releasing the water into the ocean in the spring of 2023.
On March 17, part of the equipment ____40____was related to the discharge of nuclear-contaminated water from the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant started operation for ____41____first time, according to Japanese media TV Asahi.
According to The Guardian, the Japanese government argued that the water ____42____(treat) to remove most of the radioactive isotopes (同位素), so the water would be safe to be released into the ocean.
However, not everyone agrees with this decision. Environmental groups and local fishermen have expressed concern about the impact of the wastewater ____43____marine life and the fishing industry, the BBC reported.
The Chinese Foreign Ministry on March14 once again denounced (谴责) Japan’s unilateral (单边的) decision to dump nuclear-contaminated wastewater into the sea, ____44____(consider) the move an attempt to shift the risk of nuclear pollution to all of mankind.
The ministry also warned the country not to start the plan _____45_____full consultation (磋商) with its neighbors and relevant international institutions.
【答案】36. severely
37. to cool
38. operator
39. would begin
40. which##that
41. the 42. had been treated
43. on 44. considering
45. before
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了日本政府准备在2023年春季开始向海洋排放核废水，但遭到环保组织、当地渔民和中国政府的谴责。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：2011年，日本福岛第一核电站在海啸中遭到严重破坏，引发了一场重大核灾难。提示词修饰动词damaged，用副词severely作状语，意为“非常严重地”。故填severely。
【37题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：从那以后，水一直被用来冷却受损的反应堆，防止进一步损坏。be used to do...是固定搭配，意为“被用来……”。故填to cool。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：该核电站的运营商东京电力公司(TEPCO)表示，由于废水，储存罐占用了太多空间。根据空格前冠词the可知，空格处用名词，结合句意和提示词，表示“运营商”，用名词operator，作同位语。故填operator。
【39题详解】
考查时态。句意：因此，日本最初表示将在2023年春季开始向海洋排放这些水。提示词是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系，结合主句时态和句意，在过去说将要去做的事情，用过去将来时态would begin。故填would begin。
【40题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，与福岛第一核电站核污染水排放有关的部分设备首次开始运行。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，先行词是the equipment，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词which或者that引导该从句。故填which或that。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：据日本媒体朝日电视台报道，3月17日，与福岛第一核电站核污染水排放有关的部分设备首次开始运行。for the first time是固定短语，意为“首次；第一次”，作时间状语。故填the。
【42题详解】
考查动词语态。句意：据《卫报》报道，日本政府辩称，这些水已经经过处理，去除了大部分放射性同位素，因此可以安全排放到海洋中。提示词treat(处理)是宾语从句中谓语动词，与主语the water之间是被动关系，结合句意，“水经过处理”发生在现在说可以安全排放之前，是“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时态。故填had been treated。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：据英国广播公司报道，环保组织和当地渔民对废水对海洋生物和渔业的影响表示担忧。impact on...是固定搭配，意为“对……影响”。故填on。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：3月14日，中国外交部再次谴责日本单方面决定将受核污染的废水倾倒入海，认为此举企图将核污染风险转嫁给全人类。“(consider) the move an attempt to shift the risk of nuclear pollution to all of mankind.”在句中作伴随状语，consider(认为)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The Chinese Foreign Ministry之间是主动关系，应用现在分词表主动和伴随。故填considering。
【45题详解】
考查介词。句意：外交部还警告说，在与邻国和相关国际机构充分协商之前，不要启动该计划。根据句意，表示“在……之前”，用介词before构成介词短语，作时间状语。故填before。
第五部分基础知识填空(共两节，满分15分)第一节 单词填空(共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分)
阅读下列句子并根据所给的首字母或中文用适当的单词和形式填空。
46. I feel lucky to have the opportunity to s________the country’s delicious cuisines and explore its historical landmarks.(根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】stomach##tomach
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：我很幸运能有机会品尝到这个国家的美味佳肴，探索它的历史地标。根据句意和所给首字母s以及空格前的不定式符合to可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母s开头的动词原形，且意义为“能吃”，所以应该用动词stomach。故填stomach。
47. To h________the role of women in Chinese society, the newspaper publishes a series of stories detailing their work and achievements in different fields. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】highlight##ighlight
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：为了突出女性在中国社会中的作用，该报刊登了一系列报道，详细介绍了她们在不同领域的工作和成就。根据首字母提示和句意可知，动词highlight“突出，强调”符合题意，空处填其原形和to构成不定式，作目的状语。故填highlight。
48. We can decrease our carbon foot print by cutting back on water c________and not having our bedding and towels washed every day. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】 consumption##onsumption
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们可以通过减少用水量，不每天洗床上用品和毛巾来减少碳足迹。根据句中“not having our bedding and towels washed every day”可知，要减少用水量，结合首字母提示，用名词consumption作宾语，意为“消耗量”，不可数名词；water consumption“耗水量”。故填consumption。
49. A research team has made a b________in autonomous driving, developing a technology that could resolve self-driving safety concerns. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】breakthrough##reakthrough
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：一个研究小组在自动驾驶领域取得了突破，开发出了一种可以解决自动驾驶安全问题的技术。结合句中“developing a technology that could resolve self-driving safety concerns.”可推知，研究取得了突破，结合首字母提示，应用名词breakthrough作宾语，意为“突破”，根据空格前冠词a可知，用单数名词。故填breakthrough。
50. A series of social problems have a________along with the development of economy. (根据首字母单词拼写)
【答案】arisen##risen
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：随着经济的发展，出现了一系列的社会问题。根据句意和所给首字母a以及空格前的have分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个以字母a开头的动词过去分词，且意义为“产生，出现”，所以应该用arisen。故填arisen。
51. There is________(确凿的) scientific evidence that nature and ecosystems have the potential to adapt to the climate crisis. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】solid
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：有确凿的科学证据表明，自然和生态系统具有适应气候危机的潜力。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用形容词solid，修饰名词evidence，作定语。故填solid。
52. With the ecological balance________(恢复), this area has witnessed reduced sand storms. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】restoring
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：随着生态平衡的恢复，该地区的沙尘暴减少了。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用动词restore；在with符合结构，应填其非谓语动词形式作宾补，宾语the ecological balance和restore之间是主动关系，应用现在分词。故填restoring。
53. When he can’t________(识别) a species just by looking at its organ, he consults his library and sends pictures to colleagues. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】identify
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当他不能仅仅通过观察器官来识别一个物种时，他会去图书馆，并将照片发送给同事。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，此处使用动词identify，情态动词can’t后接动词原形。故填identify。
54. The concept of “harmony between humanity and nature” is a________(明显的) characteristic of Chinese civilization. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】distinct
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：“天人合一”的理念是中华文明的鲜明特征。“明显的”在句中修饰名词characteristic，用形容词distinct，作定语。故填distinct。
55. The company aims to be at the forefront of cutting-edge technologies in the world’s largest and most________(充满活力的) vehicle market — China. (根据汉语提示单词拼写)
【答案】dynamic##vibrant##vigorous
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：该公司的目标是在全球最大、最具活力的汽车市场——中国，走在尖端技术的前沿。根据汉语提示和句子结构可知，形容词dynamic/vibrant/vigorous符合题意，做定语，修饰名词词组vehicle market。故填dynamic/vibrant/vigorous。
第二节词组填空(共5小题;每小题1分，满分5分)
阅读下列句子并根据所给的中文提示用适当的词组填空，每空一词。
56. ________ ________(除了……外) global warming, those present at the international meeting also discussed other issues.(根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. Apart ②. from
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：除了全球变暖，出席国际会议的人还讨论了其他问题。根据汉语提示可知，空格处应该填入一个短语，其意义为“除了”，所以应该用短语apart from。故填Apart from。
57. This was________ ________(毫无疑问) the most challenging examination I have ever taken. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. without ②. doubt
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。句意：这毫无疑问是我参加过的最具挑战性的考试。根据句意及汉语提示可知，此处使用介词短语without doubt。故填①without；②doubt。
58. The company’s attempt to________ ________(打入，进入) the mobile phone market failed after their product sold badly. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. break ②. into
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语。句意：由于产品销售不佳，该公司试图打入手机市场的努力失败了。根据汉语提示可知，“打入，进入”应该用动词短语break into表示；再由空格前的不定式符号to可知，break应该用动词原形。故填break into。
59. Last year, about 60 tigers were killed in India, many________ ________ ________(成为……的受害者) traffickers (非法商贩) that operate between India, Nepal and China. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. falling ②. victim ③. to
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和独立主格。句意：去年，印度约有60只老虎被杀，其中许多是在印度、尼泊尔和中国之间活动的人贩子的受害者。根据汉语提示，动词短语fall victim to符合；分析可知，此处为独立主格结构作状语，fall into victim和主语many（指代老虎）之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填falling；into；victim。
60. It_______ ________ ________ _______(毫不奇怪) to see competition among political parties as they hold different beliefs. (根据汉语提示完成句子)
【答案】 ①. comes ②. as ③. no ④. surprise
【解析】
【详解】考查短语和时态。句意：看到政党之间的竞争并不奇怪，因为他们持有不同的信仰。根据汉语提示可知，动词短语come as no surprise符合题意；come为主句谓语动词，陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，it是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填comes；as；no；surprise。
第六部分写作(满分25分)
61. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文
The icy wind howled across the empty street and it was an unusually quiet day in the emergency room on December 25th. Quiet, that is, except for the nurses who were standing around the nurses’ station complaining about having to work on Christmas Day.
I was a guiding nurse that day and had just done the cleanup in the waiting room. Since there were no patients waiting to be seen at the time, I returned to the nurses’ station for a cup of hot coffee that someone had brought in for Christmas. Just then, a colleague came in and told me I had five patients waiting to be evaluated.
I was surprised, “Five? How did I get five? I was just out there and no one was in the waiting room.”
“Well, there are five signed in. ”
So I went straight out and called the first name. Five bodies showed up at my guiding desk, a pale short woman and four small children in untidy clothing.
“Are you all sick?” I asked. “Yes, " she said weakly and lowered her head.
“Okay, ” I replied. “Who’s first?” One by one they sat down, and I asked the usual beginning questions. When it came to the description of their symptoms, things got a little vague(含糊的). Two of the children had headaches, but the headaches weren’t accompanied by the normal body language of holding the head or trying to keep it still. Two children had earaches, but only one could tell me which ear was affected. The mother complained of a cough, but seemed to work to produce it.
Something was wrong with the picture. Suddenly I knew something. So I explained to the mother that it might be a little while before a doctor saw her because there were several more critical patients. she responded, “Take your time. It’s warm here and there is a Christmas tree.”
注意： 续写词数应为 150 左右：
Then the mother turned and, with a smile, settled her kids in the waiting room.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The nurses, complaining about working Christmas, turned to sympathy for the homeless family.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Then the mother turned and, with a smile, settled her kids in the waiting room. Though warm, the room was far from comfortable for children, who nestled closely by the Christmas tree. The youngest kid was staring at gifts under the tree, exclaiming something to her mother. Met with refusal, the wretched creature was on the verge of tears. The guilty mother looked upset, great sorrow clouding her face. The rest froze, eyes falling on their little sister. Realizing they were homeless, I went back and told my colleagues what had happened.
My colleagues, complaining about working Christmas, turned to sympathy for the homeless family. Soon we were busy preparing presents for our unexpected guests, who just wanted to stay warm on Christmas Day. With gifts in hand, the kids couldn’t control their joy, whose laughter became quite infectious. The waiting room was filled with happiness and we were able to locate a shelter that would take the family in. As they were leaving, the mother hugged each of us and whispered, “You’re our angels and it’s your love that warms us up!”
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在圣诞节当天作为指导护士在医院值班，有五个人来院看病，作者去问诊但这一家子人描述病状很不清楚，后来作者明白他们是无家可归来这里度过圣诞节，医院的值班护士们为他们准备礼物的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“然后，这位母亲转过身来，带着微笑，让她的孩子们在候诊室安顿下来。”可知，第一段可描写作者通过观察明白了这家人的困难。
②由第二段首句内容“护士们抱怨圣诞节要上班，转而对无家可归的家庭表示同情。”可知，第二段可描写医院的护士为他们准备礼物，这家人非常感激。
2.续写线索：问诊——起疑——顿悟——同情——惊喜——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①说：exclaim/speak/say/tell
②控制：control/command/get command of
情绪类
①悲伤：sorrow/grief
②可怜的：wretched/poor/ pitiful
点睛】
[高分句型1]. Though warm, the room was far from comfortable for children, who nestled closely by the Christmas tree.(运用了状语从句的省略，who引导的非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2]. The youngest kid was staring at gifts under the tree, exclaiming something to her mother.(运用了现在分词作状语)
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