2023届上海市高三下学期5月英语模拟试卷（2）含答案

这是一份2023届上海市高三下学期5月英语模拟试卷（2）含答案，共18页。试卷主要包含了 A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届上海市高三下学期5月英语模拟冲刺试卷（2）
(考试时间100分钟)
第I卷
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A(10×1=10分)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word. For the other blanks, fill in each blank with one proper word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically correct.

Have you ever seen an old movie called Three Coins in the Fountain? It is about three young American women (21) _______(search) for permanent romance in Rome and they all find it. Far-fetched Hollywood? Well, from the world history point of view, romance did, in fact, set down its roots in Rome.
The word romance evolved in Latin from Roma to Romanicus of the Roman language, to the Old French romanz escrive, (22) _______ means “to write in a Romance language,” and on to the English romance.
The Romance languages (23) ____________(compose) of seven groups of languages that all have Latin (24) ______ their basis. These languages include French, Italian, Spanish and Portuguese. The common people in ancient Rome spoke (25)________ is referred to as Vulgar Latin, an informal speech, as opposed to the classical Latin of the more educated. Most language experts agree that Vulgar Latin is the chief source of the Romance languages.
Medieval Romances were tales (26) __________(write) primary in French verse about brave heroes. The notion of having a romance with another person is thought (27) __________(develop) sometime during the Middle Ages. In the late 18th century and on through the 19th, a romance was not a love story (28) _________ a work of prose fiction that contained far-fetched, mysterious events. Romances of this period (29) _________(include) English Gothic novels like The Castle of Otranto by Horace Walpole.
What exactly is a twentieth-century romance ? Does it have any relationship with the lively, popular novels written today, with their fantastic plots of love affairs? Or did the playwright Oscar Wilde have it right in The Picture of Dorian Gray: “ When one is in love, one always begins by deceiving (30) _________, and one always ends by deceiving others. That is what the world calls a romance.”

Section B（10×1=10分）
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. astonishingly B. surrounding C. collapse D. unnoticed
E. interrupted F. previously G. congratulate H. predictions
I. potential J. producing K. properties

In the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11, 2016 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), British physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to ___31___ the US-led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news.
According to Hawking, these results confirm several very important ___32___ of Einstein’s theory of general relativity and it also confirms the existence of gravitational waves directly.
As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einstein’s famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n) ___33___ “dark” universe. Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum（电磁光谱） to study the universe, but objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go ___34___. But now we know how to detect gravitational waves, which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena.
“Gravitational waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to detect them has the ___35___ to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking. “The discovery is the first observation of black holes merging. The observed ___36___ of this system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.”
However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational ___37___ of a star---so how did both of these black holes become so massive?
This question touches on one of the biggest mysteries ___38___ black hole evolution. Currently, astronomers are having a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so massive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass（恒星质量）” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, ___39___ an extremely bright light. And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super-massive that live in the centers of most galaxies. There is a disconnect, however. If black holes grow by merging and consuming stellar matter, there should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “intermediate mass” black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are ___40___ rare, throwing some black holes evolution theories into doubt.
One thing is clear, however. This is the first time that we’ve acquired direct evidence of a black hole merger. So it’s good to know we’re on the right track.

III. Reading Comprehension
Section A（15×1=15分）
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
Cowboy or spaceman ? A dilemma for a children’s party, perhaps. But also a question for economists, argued Kenneth Boulding, in an essay published in 1966. We have run our ___41___ , he warned, like cowboys on the open grassland: taking and using the world’s resources, ___42___ that more lies over the horizon. But the Earth is ___43___ a grassland than a spaceship---a closed system, alone in space, carrying exhaustible supplies. We need, said Boulding, an economics that takes seriously the idea of environmental ___44___ . In the half century since his essay, a new movement has responded to his challenge. “Ecological economists,” as they call themselves, want to ___45___ its aims and assumptions. What do they say -- and will their ideas take off?
To its ___46___ , ecological economics is neither ecology nor economics, but a mix of both. Their starting point is to recognize that the human economy is part of the natural world. Our environment, they note, is both a source of resources and a sink for wastes. But it is ___47___ in traditional textbooks, where neat diagrams trace the flows between firms, households and the government as though nature did not exist. That is a huge mistake.
There are two ways our economies can grow, ecological economists point out: through technological change, or through maximum use of resources. Only the ___48___ , they say, is worth having. They are suspicious of GDP (gross domestic product), a simple ___49___ which does not take into account resource exhaustion, unpaid work and countless other factors. ___50___ , they advocate more holistic approaches, such as GPI (genuine progress indicator)，a composite（复合的）index that include things like the cost of pollution, deforestation and car accidents. While GDP has kept growing, global GPI per person ___51___ in 1978: by destroying our environment, we are making ourselves poorer, not richer. The solution, according to experts, lies in a “steady-state” economy, where the use of materials and energy is held ___52___ .
Mainstream economists are not ___53___ . GPI, they point out, is a subjective standard. And talk of limits to growth has had a bad press since the days of Thomas Malthus, who predicted in the 18th century, wrongly, that overpopulation would lead to famine. Human beings find solutions to some of the most annoying problems. But ecological economists ___54___ self-satisfaction. In 2009, a paper in Nature argued that human activity is already ___55___ safe planetary boundaries on issues such as biodiversity and climate change. That suggests ecologist economists are at least asking some important questions, even if their answers turn out to be wrong.

41. A. grassland B. nation C. economy D. spaceship
42. A. ignorant B. confident C. astonished D. anxious
43. A. less B. smaller C. more D. larger
44. A. movements B. influences C. limits D. threats
45. A. reject B. realize C. resemble D. revolutionize
46. A. challengers B. learners C. advocates D. professors
47. A. addressed B. ignored C. opposed D. reflected
48. A. advanced B. former C. latter D. scientific
49. A. number B. product C. idea D. measure
50. A. In addition B. For example C. In other words D. In its place
51. A. peaked B. plunged C. persisted D. paused
52. A. sufficient B. efficient C. constant D. adequate
53. A. impressed B. involved C. concerned D. appointed
54. A. call for B. contribute to C. warn against D. refer to
55. A. setting B. overstepping C. extending D. redrawing

Section B（11×2=22分）
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
Every April I am troubled by the same concern -- that spring might not occur this year. The landscape looks dull, with hills, sky and forest appearing gray. My spirits ebb, as they did during an April snowfall when I first came to Maine 15 years ago. "Just wait," a neighbor advised. "You'll wake up one morning and spring will just be here."
And look, on May 3 that year I awoke to a green so amazing as to be almost electric, as if spring were simply a matter of flipping a switch. Hills, sky and forest revealed their purples, blues and green. Leaves had unfolded and daffodils were fighting their way heavenward.
Then there was the old apple tree. It sits on an undeveloped lot in my neighborhood. It belongs to no one and therefore to everyone. The tree's dark twisted branches stretch out in unpruned（未经修剪的） abandon. Each spring it blossoms so freely that the air becomes filled with the scent of apple.
Until last year, I thought I was the only one aware of this tree. And then one day, in a bit of spring madness, I set out with pruner to remove a few disorderly branches. No sooner had I arrived under the tree than neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches. These were people I barely knew and seldom spoke to, but it was as if I had come uninvited into their personal gardens.
My mobile-home neighbor was the first to speak."You're not cutting it down, are you?" she asked anxiously. Another neighbor frowned as I cut off a branch. "Don't kill it, now," he warned. Soon half the neighborhood had joined me under the apple tree. It struck me that I had lived there for five years and only now was learning these people's names, what they did for a living and how they passed the winter. It was as if the old apple tree was gathering us under its branches for the purpose of both acquaintanceship and shared wonder. I couldn't help recalling Robert Frost's words:
The trees that have it in their pent-up buds
To darken nature and be summer woods
One thaw led to another. Just the other day I saw one of my neighbors at the local store. He remarked how this recent winter had been especially long and complained of not having seen or spoken at length to anyone in our neighborhood. And then, he looked at me and said, "We need to prune that apple tree again."

56. By saying that “my spirits ebb” (Para. 1), the author means that _________________.
A. he feels relieved B. he feels blue
C. he is surprised D. he is tired

57. The apple tree mentioned in the passage is most likely to _________________.
A. be regarded as a delight in the neighborhood
B. have been abandoned by its original owner
C. have been neglected by everyone in the community
D. be appealing only to the author

58. In Para. 4, “neighbors opened their windows and stepped onto their porches” probably because ___________________________.
A. they were surprised that someone unknown was pruning the tree
B. they wanted to prevent the author from pruning the tree
C. they were concerned about the safety of the tree
D. they wanted to get to know the author

59. It can be inferred that the author’s neighbor mentioned in the last paragraph most cared about _______________.
A. when spring would arrive B. how to pass the long winter
C. the neighborhood gathering D. the pruning of the apple tree

(B)

Mount Cook National Park is home of the highest mountains and the longest glaciers. It is alpine(高山) in the purest sense---with skyscraping peaks, glaciers and permanent snow fields, all set under a star-studded sky.
Key Highlights
Although it includes 23 peaks over 3,000 metres high, this park is very accessible. State Highway 80 leads to Mt Cook Village which is situated beside scenic Lake Pukaki and provides a comfortable base for alpine activities. Far from city lights, the stargazing here is magnificent—Aoraki Mount Cook National Park forms the majority of New Zealand's only International Dark Sky Reserve.
Mountaineers regard the area to be the best climbing region, while less skilled adventurers find plenty of satisfaction with the mountain walks that lead to alpine tarns, herb fields and spectacular glacier views. Encounters with cheeky kea (mountain parrots) are part of the fun.
Key Activities
Mountain walks
There are 10 short walks beginning near the village. All tracks are formed and well marked. The Red Tarns Track, Kea Point and the Hooker Valley Track each take around two hours return. For more experienced alpine hikers, there are three mountain pass routes—over the Mueller, Copland and Ball passes.
Glacier viewing and skiing
Helicopters and ski－planes provide access to the park's fabulous glaciers. The Tasman Glacier is an excellent choice for intermediate skiers, while the Murchison, Darwin and Bonney glaciers promise excitement for advanced skiers. From October until May, you can explore the Tasman Glacier's terminal lake by boat.
Mountaineering
Climbing Mount Cook remains the ultimate challenge, but there are many other peaks to tempt experienced climbers. Tasman, Malte Brun, Elie de Beaumont, Sefton and La Perouse are quite popular..
Key Tips
●Climbers don't require permits, but are requested to complete a trip intentions form.
●Local guides are available for climbing, walking and glacier skiing.
●Winter climbing is an extreme sport—only recommended for well-prepared, experienced mountaineers.
●The weather can change very suddenly—be prepared for heavy rainfall, snow and/or high winds.
●The park has an airport serving domestic commercial flights and scenic flight operators.


60. Which is one of the characteristics of Mount Cook National Park?
A. It is alpine in the purest sense and hard to reach.
B. It provides star-shining night skies for visitors.
C. It attracts less skilled climbers to all alpine activities.
D. It guarantees visitors a sight of cheeky kea.

61. Mike is an experienced adventurer and may find ________ the most exciting.
A. Mountaineering on Elie de Beaumont
B. Mountain walks via Hooker Valley Track
C. Skiing on Tasman Glacier
D. Climbing Mount Cook

62. If you are a visitor to the park, you should ________．
A. properly evaluate your own experience and skill
B. get your permit prepared before you start to climb
C. hire local guides to help you to train for climbing
D. avoid exploring glaciers in winter

(C)
How many really suffer as a result of labor market problems? This is one of the most critical yet debatable social policy questions.
In many ways, our social statistics overstate the degree of hardship. Unemployment does not have the same horrible consequences today as it did in the 1930’s when most of the unemployed were primary breadwinners, when income and earnings were usually much closer to the margin of survival, and when there were fewer effective social programs for those failing in the labor market. Increasing wealth, the rise of families with more than one wage earner, the growing dominance of secondary earners among the unemployed and improved social welfare protection have unquestionably relieved the consequences of joblessness. Earnings and income data also overestimate the scale of hardship. Among the millions with hourly earnings at or below the minimum wage level, the majority are from multiple-earner, relatively well-off families. Most of those counted by the poverty statistics are elderly or handicapped or have family responsibilities which keep them out of the labor force, so the poverty statistics are by no means an accurate indicator of labor market problems.
Yet there are also many ways our social statistics underestimate the degree of labor-market-related hardship. The unemployment counts exclude the millions of fully employed workers whose wages are so low that their families remain in poverty. Low wages and repeated or long-time unemployment frequently interact to weaken the capacity for self-support. Since the number experiencing joblessness at some time during the year is several times that unemployed in any month, those who suffer as a result of forced idleness can equal or exceed average annual unemployment, even though only a minority of the jobless in any month really suffer. For every person counted in the monthly unemployment totals, there is another working part-time because of the inability to find full-time work, or else outside the labor force but wanting a job. Finally, income transfers in our country have always focused on the elderly, disabled, and dependent, neglecting the needs of the working poor, so that the dramatic expansion of cash and non-cash transfers does not necessarily mean that those failing in the labor market are adequately protected.
As a result of such conflicting evidence, it is uncertain whether those suffering seriously as a result of labor market problems number in the hundreds of thousands or the tens of millions, and, hence, whether high levels of joblessness can be tolerated or must be counteracted(抵消） by job creation and economic stimulation. There is only one area of agreement in this debate—that the existing poverty, employment, and earnings statistics are inadequate for one of their primary applications, measuring the consequences of labor market problems.

63. In Paragraph 2, the author contrasts the 1930’s with the present in order to show that_____________.
A. more people were unemployed in the 1930’s
B. unemployment is more intolerable today
C. social programs are more in need now
D. income level has increased since the 1930’s

64. Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. A majority of low-wage workers receive earnings from more than one job.
B. Repetition of short-term unemployment mainly contributes to people’s loss of working capacity.
C. Many unemployed people are from families where other members are working.
D. Labor market hardship is understated because fewer individuals are jobless than counted.

65. It can be inferred from the passage that the effect of income transfers is often not felt by _________________.
A. those doing a low-paid, part-time job
B. children in single-earner families
C. workers who have just retired
D. full-time workers who become unemployed

66. Which of the following is the principal topic of the passage?
A. What causes labor market problems that result in suffering.
B. Why income statistics are imprecise in measuring degrees of poverty.
C. When poverty, employment, and earnings figures agree with each other.
D. How statistics give an unclear picture of the labor-market-related suffering.

Section C（4×2=8分）
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.

A. These questions may well get clearer and clearer during the process of academic writing.
B. The introduction should function as the hook which draws the reader in and holds his attention.
C. It is a formal skill, which requires precision and accuracy, and is perfected by continuous and dedicated practice.
D. If one is hesitant to answer even one of the aforementioned questions, one had better not write at all!
E. It may take one a considerable period of time to know the skills of academic writing, even long after his/her college graduation.
F. It is a time-consuming activity and demands patience and perseverance.
The art of academic writing is not easy to master. (67) _____________ Academic writing is the skilful exposition and explanation of an argument, which the writer has carefully researched and developed over a sustained period of time. (68) _____________ But the joy of reading and sharing with others, one’s succinctly composed piece of argument, is incomparable.
Before beginning to write, the writer must ask himself a few questions – Why am I writing? What is it that I intend to share with others? What purpose will my writing serve? Have I read enough about the topic or theme about which I am going to write? (69) ___________ Because academic writing is a serious activity – it makes one part of a shared community of readers and writers who wish to disseminate and learn from well-argued pieces of writing.
The structure of an argumentative essay should take the form of – Introduction (which should be around ten percent of the entire essay), Body (it should constitute eighty percent of the piece) and the Conclusion (again, ten per cent of the essay). (70) ___________ The body should include cogent and coherently linked paragraphs and the conclusion should re-state the argument and offer a substantial ending to the piece.


第II卷 (共50分）
I. Summary (10分)
71.Directions: Reading the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage with no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.
It's not piano lessons or dance classes. Nowadays, the biggest extra-curricular activity is going to a tutor. "I spend about 800 Canadian dollars a month on tutors. It's costly," says Pat, a mother in Canada. However, she adds, "after finding out half my daughter's class had tutors, I felt like my child was going to fall behind because everyone else seemed to be ahead"
Shelley, a mother of three, also has tutors constantly coming in and out of her home. "When I used to sit down with my children, it was hard to get them focused. I was always yelling. When I got a tutor once a week, they became focused for one entire hour and could get most of their homework done."
Tutoring isn't simply a private school phenomenon. Nor is it geared only toward lower-achieving students. In Canada alone, seven percent of high school students reported using a tutor in 2010. That increased to 15 percent last year.
Overall, parents hire tutors because they are worried schools are not meeting their expectations, but there is also a cultural shift. A special value is placed on education in Asia, where tutoring is viewed as an extension of the school day. As a large number of Asians emigrated to the West over the recent years, their attitudes towards education have had an impact.
Another reason for the growth in business is parental frustration and their packed schedules. "A lot of parents just don’t have time to help their children with homework," says Julie Diamond, president of an American tutoring company. "Others couldn't help their children after Grade 3."
There has been a shift in the attitudes, too. "Children used to get bullied (欺侮) for having a tutor," Diamond says. "Now it's becoming the norm to have one."
Children don't seem to mind that they have a tutor. One parent feels surprised that so many of her child’s classmates have tutors. "For the amount we pay in tuition, they should have as much extra help as they need," she says. Still, she’s now thinking of getting a tutor. Why? Her daughter has actually asked for one.
















II. Translation（3+3+4+5=15分）
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.

72.没过多久，失主就来认领他的行李了。(claim)



73.MOOC越来越流行，但学习者需要自律才能有所收获。(take)




74.各国领导人不仅就气候变化达成了共识，还强调了经济全球化、技术进步的重要性。(Not only)



75.网站上的报道引起了公众对弱势群体的关心,但真正重要的是怎样才能阻止这样的悲剧再次上演。(matter)

III. Guided Writing（25分）
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions.
上海普通高中高三毕业生的志愿服务（公益劳动）将被记录在案，并纳入综合素质评价(part of Students’ Overall Quality Evaluation System) 。有人认为这会加重学生本已繁重的学业负担，有人认为这有益于学生的全面发展，请结合自己经历谈谈体会。
参考答案
II. Grammar and Vocabulary （20×1=20分）
21. searching 22. which 23. are composed 24. as 25 .what
26. written 27. to have developed 28. but 29. included 30. oneself /himself
31-35 GHFDI 36-40 KCBJA
III. Reading Comprehension (45分）
(15×1) 41-55 CBACD CBBDD ACACB
(11×2) 56-59 BACC 60-62 BDA 63-66 DCAD
(4×2) 67-70 CFDB
第II卷 （共50分）
71. Summary：(10分)
(1)Tutoring is gaining popularity in Canada, suited to children (2) at different levels. Generally, (3) higher academic achievements are the goal, beyond which are the cultural and attitudinal shifts, partly due to (4) Asian immigrants' influence, and (5) parents' lack of time or ability to help children. These all contribute to the rise of the business and (6)the growing acceptance among parents and children. (60 words)
Rubrics for summary writing
档次
内容
语言
A
5-6
4
B
4-5
3
C
3-4
2
D
2-3
1
E
1-2
0


评分标准:
1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容6分, 语言4分。
2. 评分时应注意的主要方面: 内容要点、信息呈现的连贯性和准确性。
3. 词数超过60，酌情扣分。

各档次给分要求:
内容部分
A. 能准确、全面地概括文章主旨大意，并涵盖主要信息。
B. 能概括文章主旨大意，但遗漏部分主要信息。
C. 未能准确概括文章主旨大意，遗漏较多主要信息或留有过多细节信息。
D. 几乎不能概括文章的主旨大意，未涉及文中有意义的相关信息。
E. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。

语言部分
A. 能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
B. 基本能用自己语言连贯、正确地表述，但连贯性较差，且有少量不影响表意的语言错误。
C. 基本能用自己的语言表述，但连贯性较差，且严重语言错误较多。
D. 几乎不能用自己的语言连贯、正确地表述。
E. 完全未作答或作答与本题无关。

II. Translation:(15分) ( 3+3+4+5)
72.没过多久，失主就来认领了他的行李了。（claim)
It was not long before the owner of the lost property came to claim his luggage.
句型1分 1分 1分

72.MOOC越来越流行，但学习者需要自律才能有所收获。（take)
MOOC is becoming increasingly/ more and more popular,
1分
-- but it takes learners self-discipline to achieve something.
-- but it takes self-discipline for learners to achieve something.
take句型1分 0.5分 0.5分


73.各国领导人不仅就气候变化达成了共识，还强调了经济全球化、技术进步的重要性。
（Not only)
Not only did leaders from different countries agree on climate change
句型1分 0.5分
but (also) they (also) emphasized/ placed emphasis on the importance of
句型1分 0.5分
economic globalization and technological advances.
0.5分 0.5分

74.网站上的报道引起了公众对弱势群体的关心,但真正重要的是怎样才能阻止这样的悲剧
再次上演。(matter)
The reports on the websites have caused the public concern about the disadvantaged,
0.5分 1分 0.5分
but what really matters is how to prevent such tragedies (as this) from happening again.
1分 1分 0.5分 0.5分
76.范文
My ideal classroom should be a place which can provide me a quiet environment of learning.【高分句型一】 What's more, in my classroom, all of my classmates can get along well with each other. We can study and talk freely.Besides, it should be a modern classroom, where there will be a satellite TV on the front wall of our classroom. 【高分句型—】Each of us will have a computer on the desk. We can study on the Internet. We will not use pens or pencils. We will write on our computers. It won't be hot in summer and won't be cold in winter. (理描述想的教室）
I like our future classroom.I hope that the arrival of this day as soon as possible. (感受)