2023届山西省吕梁市高三第二次模拟考试英语试题（含答案）

这是一份2023届山西省吕梁市高三第二次模拟考试英语试题（含答案），共28页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，申请信，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
2023届山西省吕梁市高三第二次模拟考试英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

一、阅读理解
Top Amusement Parks in America
Fun Spot America: Orlando, Florida
If you’re looking for a more affordable theme park experience in the Orlando area, Fun Spot America Orlando should be on your radar. This theme park offers a boatload of rides and attractions for much lower prices than at nearby parks, including smaller roller coasters, drop rides, spin rides and a Ferris wheel.
Six Flags Magic Mountain: Valencia, California
Six Flags Magic Mountain is perfect for families with kids of all ages. Family rides at this top California theme park include everything you would expect, from bumper cars to a miniature train for all ages. Meanwhile, the park’s thrill rides will spin you every which way or drop you up to 250-plus feet. The Wonder Woman Flight of Courage became the world’s tallest and longest single-rail coaster when it opened to park guests in summer 2022.
SeaWorld San Diego: San Diego, California
Rides and roller coasters are dotted throughout SeaWorld San Diego. Guests can also discover large coasters like the Emperor-the tallest, fastest and longest dive coaster in California. In spring 2023 the park is set to launch a brand new coaster called Arctic Rescue, which will be the fastest and longest straddle coaster on the West Coast. SeaWorld San Diego is open year round.
Silver Dollar City: Branson, Missouri
Silver Dollar City boasts both a theme park and a water park near the downtown Branson. Missouri. The 1880s-inspired theme park itself features almost 40 rides and attractions, including spinning coasters, drop rides, swing rides and more. The water park is home to 13 acres of water rides, slides, and a lazy river. Silver Dollar City is open throughout the year, while the water park only opens seasonally from late May to early September.
1．Which is an economical option for a tourist?
A．Silver Dollar City. B．SeaWorld San Diego.
C．Six Flags Magic Mountain. D．Fun Spot America Orlando.
2．What is the Wonder Woman Flight of Courage?
A．A long-standing ride. B．A world-class facility.
C．A well-known movie. D．A man-made park.
3．What do Sea World San Diego and Silver Dollar City have in common?
A．They will launch a new coaster in 2023.
B．They are home to water rides and slides.
C．They are open to public at all seasons.
D．They are located in the same state of America.

Michelle Yeoh, a famous name in Chinese cinema, made history on Sunday night by becoming the first Asian woman to win the Academy Award for best actress.
The Malaysian-born actress took home the celebrated award for her extraordinary performance in the multiversal comedy Everything Everywhere All at Once.
The film, where Yeoh plays a struggling laundromat(洗衣店) owner who ends up saving the multiverse(多元宇宙), swept the Oscars with a total of seven awards, including for best picture and best director, making it the biggest winner of the night.
“For all the little boys and girls who look like me watching tonight, this is a beacon of hope and possibilities,” the actress said in her acceptance speech in Los Angeles, to emphasize that one must dream big as dreams do come true.
The actress also used her speech to honor her 84-year-old mother, Janet Yeoh. “I have to dedicate this to my mom and all the moms in the world because they are really the superheroes, and without them none of us would be here tonight,” she said.
After taking off in kung fu cinema in Hong Kong, Yeoh first appeared in Hollywood in the 1997 James Bond movie Tomorrow Never Dies. She gained international recognition for her role as a swords-woman in Ang Lee’s famous film, Crouching Tiger, Hidden Dragon, which won three Oscars in 2001.
Yeoh has been heavily in demand since her role as a controlling matriarch(女家长) in Crazy Rich Asians(2018). She has become one of the most influential stars of Chinese(血统) globally, said Shen Dan, a senior critic of the Beijing International Film Festival.
“Everything Everywhere All at Once seems to be specifically crafted for Yeoh because the movie reflects her decades-long efforts to raise the cultural significance of Asian-themed films worldwide,” Shen added.
4．What can we learn about Yeoh?
A．She worked at a laundromat years ago.
B．She is remarkable in the latest comedy movie.
C．She rose to fame first in Malaysia film industry.
D．She is the first Chinese woman to win an Oscar.
5．Which of the following can best describe Yeoh?
A．Inspiring and grateful. B．Productive and generous.
C．Ambitious and creative. D．Courageous and enthusiastic.
6．What made Yeoh have more access to the screen?
A．The recommendation of Ang Lee.
B．Her mother’s continuous encouragement.
C．Her role in the movie Crazy Rich Asians.
D．Her years of accumulated learning experience.
7．What does the author want to convey through the text?
A．Art is long and life is short.
B．Coming events cast their shadows before.
C．Everybody’s business is nobody’s business.
D．The flower of dreams will eventually bloom.

Greenhouse gas emissions from the way humans produce and consume food could add nearly 1 degree of warming to the Earth’s climate by 2100, according to a new study.
Continuing the dietary patterns of today will push the planet past the 1.5 degrees Celsius limit of warming sought under the Paris climate agreement to avoid the worst effects of climate change, according to the study published Monday in Nature Climate Change.
The study found that the majority of greenhouse gas emissions come from three major sources: meat from animals like cows and sheep, dairy and rice. Those three sources account for at least 19 percent each of food’s contribution to a warming planet, according to the study, with meat contributing the most, at 33 percent.
All emit（散发）large amounts of methane（甲烷）, a potent（强有力的）greenhouse gas with more than 80 times the warming power of carbon dioxide, in the way they are currently farmed. The researchers calculated that methane will account for 75 percent of food’s share of warming by 2030, with carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide accounting for most of the rest.
The study’s lead author, Catherine C． Ivanovich, a climate scientist at Columbia University and colleagues calculated the three major gases produced by each type of food over its lifetime based on current consumption patterns. They scaled the annual emissions over time by gas based on five different population projections. And then they used a climate model frequently used by the United Nations’ panel on climate change to simulate the effects of those emissions on surface air temperature change.
The study also offered some ways to change global food production and consumption that could limit warming.
“But reducing methane may be the most important goal of all. Although methane is far more potent than carbon, it is also much shorter-lived meaning cuts in methane emissions can have a quick benefit,” Ivanovich said.
8．What can we learn about the study?
A．Meat from some raised animals emits quantities of methane.
B．Current dietary patterns have no impact on the climate change.
C．Carbon dioxide and nitrous oxid are very common in our daily life.
D．Only methane should be blamed for its contribution to global warming.
9．How is Paragraph 4 mainly developed?
A．By asking questions. B．By analyzing causes.
C．By giving reasons. D．By listing statistics.
10．What is Paragraph 5 mainly about?
A．Who initiated the study. B．How the study was conducted.
C．Why the study was designed. D．Where the study was carried out.
11．Where is the passage probably from?
A．A desk diary. B．A travel website.
C．A science magazine. D．An academic paper.

Next time you’re having trouble solving a tricky puzzle, consider asking a nearby bumblebee.
A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that these humble insects can actually learn to solve puzzles from one another, suggesting that even some invertebrates (无脊椎动物) like these social insects have a capacity for what we humans call “culture.”
“These creatures are really quite incredible. They’re really good at learning despite having these tiny brains,” says Alice Bridges, a behavioral ecologist at Anglia Ruskin University in England.
“In the past couple of decades, a growing body of evidence has shown that animals like chimps and birds show evidence of culture, by which we really mean just that animals learn from each other.” says Andy Whiten, a cognitive ethologist (认知动物行为学家) who studies wild animal minds at the University of St Andrews in Scotland.
“Nobody’s really thought to look at it in invertebrates before,” says Bridges. She set out to prove them wrong. “Basically, I built it out of Petri dishes,” she says. The base of the Petri dish held the reward: a drop of super sweet sugar water. Bridges cut a small hole in the lid “to form a rotating (旋转) top that can be spun by pushing either on this red tab clockwise (顺时针) or the blue tab anti-clockwise.”
She trained some bees to head-butt the red tab to get the sugar water and trained others to push the blue tab. Then, Bridges placed these tutor bees inside different colonies, along with the puzzle boxes.
The experiment showed that in colonies where the tutor bee had originally learned to push the red tab, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red tab. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push the blue tab, their fellow bees tended to do the same.
“We found that the behaviors spread among the colonies,” she says, “They copied the behavior of demonstrators even when occasionally they discovered that they could do the alternative.”
12．What is the purpose of Paragraph 1?
A．To make a prediction. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To give an example. D．To provide background information.
13．What can we learn from Bridges’s words?
A．Different colonies like different colors.
B．Culture is made up of multiple traditions.
C．Bumblebees are too humble to learn something new.
D．No previous studies focus on the culture in invertebrates.
14．What does the underlined word “demonstrators” in the last paragraph refer to?
A．Tutor bees. B．Puzzle boxes. C．Different colonies. D．Chimps and birds.
15．Which can be the best title for the text?
A．Invertebrates Are the Smartest in the World
B．A Behavioral Ecologist Has Made a Successful Experiment
C．Animals like Bumblebees Can Transmit Certain Behaviors Culturally
D．Insect Culture Looks Rather Different from That Seen among Humans


二、七选五
Even if you don’t have a large area in your yard, you can still make a beautiful garden that maximizes the space you have. Before you begin digging or planting, make sure you have a detailed plan about where your garden is and the plants you want to include. ____16____
Opt for an area that gets 6-8 hours of sun daily.
Since most flowering plants and vegetables require much sun, opt for the sunniest area in your yard to place your garden. ____17____ If the area you have to choose doesn’t get a lot of light during the day, you may still be able to grow plants that thrive in the shade.
Pick a spot that’s close to a water source.
Try to find an area that either has a natural water source or sits close to your outdoor hose attachment. ____18____ If you aren’t able to place your garden directly by a water source, make sure it’s as close as possible. You can also try building an artificial pond or water feature if you want to help keep the soil hydrated.
____19____
Look for a place in your yard where you can see your garden from a window or a spot in your yard so you’re able to enjoy it. Make sure you can walk into your garden with ease to make it easier to take care of your plants. Avoid placing it anywhere that’s difficult to get to, or else it may become more of a hassle.
Measure the space you have available for your garden.
Stretch a measuring tape across the length of the area, and record the measurement on a piece of paper. ____20____ Double-check your measurements to make sure they’re accurate so you can plan the space efficiently. Typically, plots grow best in rectangular areas, but you can make your garden a different shape, such as a triangle or circle, if it fits the space better.
A．Then take the measurement for the width of the area.
B．Select varieties of small plants to maximize the space.
C．Choose a place where you can easily access your garden.
D．If it feels dry, use a watering can to water the soil until it’s wet enough.
E．Here are some tips to help you choose the best location of your garden.
F．Thus, you can easily make the soil stay moist and make it less likely to dry out.
G．Plants that don’t receive enough light won’t produce many blooms or grow well.


三、完形填空
Living in Mexico, I struggled with the language. The kids in our ____21____ called me “The American Lady.” One day, as I was ____22____ outside in the small garden, two little boys ran up to my gate, “Lady, lady, blah blah blah.” That’s what I understood, but their gesture made me want to find out what was so ____23____. I walked down the street with them.
At the corner, I ___24___ a pile of garbage with a small dog on top. The poor little animal smelled ____25____. I didn’t know how long she’d been there, but I ____26____ she needed water.
I ran home to get water and a little food, Ted asked what was up, and I ____27____ what I had found. He returned with me, carrying a cat cage. I put down the water and a small cup with the food. The puppy looked at the food but didn’t make any effort to eat or drink. Ted said we needed to get her to the ____28____ as soon as possible. We put the puppy into the cage and ____29____ set out. As we were shown into the exam room, I took her out of the _____30_____ and put her on the metal table. The puppy looked up at me and then, with all her _____31_____, pulled herself over to me and _____32_____ her head on my stomach. That was it. This was my puppy.
What _____33_____ me was the puppy was probably four months old, and we were in our late seventies. I don’t think old people should adopt young animals. I had seen too many cases of trying to find homes if the owners _____34_____, but all that reasoning flew out of the window when that puppy laid her head on my stomach. She had chosen me, and I wouldn’t _____35_____ her.
21．A．city B．hospital C．neighborhood D．school
22．A．working B．struggling C．marching D．hiking
23．A．fundamental B．urgent C．dramatic D．complicated
24．A．classified B．threw C．picked D．spotted
25．A．awful B．fragrant C．marvelous D．sour
26．A．guarded B．warned C．concluded D．ignored
27．A．assumed B．displayed C．whispered D．explained
28．A．shelter B．vet C．expert D．bank
29．A．initially B．hesitantly C．immediately D．completely
30．A．cage B．box C．trunk D．seat
31．A．emotion B．strength C．memory D．action
32．A．transformed B．shook C．bowed D．placed
33．A．bothered B．failed C．claimed D．amused
34．A．left off B．tested out C．took flight D．passed away
35．A．carry B．abandon C．exchange D．possess


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The traditional Chinese solar calendar divides the year into 24 solar terms.
The 24 solar terms are determined by changes in the ____36____ (sun) position in the zodiac（黄道带）during the year. They ____37____ (use) first in China and now are followed in many other parts of the world. In China, the 24 solar terms were created thousands of years ago ____38____ (guide) agricultural production. They also reflect China’s rich history through the seasonal festivals, special foods, cultural ceremonies, family gatherings and even healthy living tips ____39____ correspond with each solar term.
Rain Water this year started on Feb 19 and ended on Mar 5. Rain Water signals the increase in rainfall and rise in temperature. With ____40____ (it) arrival, lively spring — like scenery starts blossoming: the river water defreezes, wild geese move from south to north, and trees and grass turn green again.
Rain Water is the ____41____ (good) time of the year to consume fresh bamboo shoots. It is said one can only know the taste of spring after ____42____ (feast) on the bamboo shoots. The cooking of bamboo shoots in China dates back to over 2,000 years ago, according to the Book of Songs.
As the old Chinese saying goes, ____43____ rainfall in spring is as precious as oil. In northern China, the spring drought is common and the precipitation (降水) of this season accounts ____44____ only 10 to 15 percent of annual average rainfall. _____45_____ (consequent), Rain Water is considered as a key period for irrigation when the day gets warmer and rainfall increases.


五、申请信
46．假定你是李华，第31届世界大学生夏季运动会（World University Games）即将在成都举办，你得知正在招募一批英语较好的志愿者，请用英语给组委会写一封申请信，内容包括：写信目的；个人优势。
注意：1. 写作词数 80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Sir or Madam,
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua

六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I never had the privilege of meeting my grandmother on my mother’s side. So how is it possible that a memory of her lingers(继续存留) in my mind? Maybe it’s the constant mention of her name or the pictures I’ve seen. Or maybe it’s the sweet dessert, Annie Belle’s Famous Pound Cake, that created a bridge connecting me to my grandmother.
I remember waking up to my mother baking her mother’s famous pound cake. The pleasant smell of buttery would fill the house. I would pop up as if my alarm had gone off and make my way down the stairs and into the kitchen where all the magic was happening. My mother would pop the beaters out of the mixer and hand one to me coated with the perfect amount of the batter(面糊). Immediately my heart was full as I licked the beater clean with no trace of batter remaining.
This pound cake had an extraordinary reputation and orders began rushing in. My mother would make hundreds of cakes and I was always there, waiting for my favorite and most important job. Each time I felt a closeness, like the arms of a grandmother bringing you in close and holding you until you lost track of time.
My mother didn’t keep this recipe a secret and although others tried to imitate this work of art, they always found that something was missing. Nobody could make it exactly how my mother and grandmother could. Every step and each ingredient was listed in a church cookbook, but the outcome was perfect only when my mother was in the kitchen. I wondered if this had anything to do with the special pan my grandmother used and passed down to my mother—or was it deeper than that?
I knew one day I would have to attempt to bake this famous pound cake. But what if I failed? What if, like all the others who tried, I didn’t have what it takes to successfully make this family recipe? If you fail, who cares? Just keep trying. If it doesn’t come out perfect, it’s still a cake!
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I purchased all the ingredients and prepared everything the night before.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
With the help of my mother, I baked my first pound cake!
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：
1．D 2．B 3．C

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了几个主题公园。
1．细节理解题。根据文章Fun Spot America: Orlando, Florida中的“If you’re looking for a more affordable theme park experience in the Orlando area, Fun Spot America Orlando should be on your radar. This theme park offers a boatload of rides and attractions for much lower prices than at nearby parks, including smaller roller coasters, drop rides, spin rides and a Ferris wheel. (如果你正在奥兰多地区寻找一个更实惠的主题公园体验，奥兰多美国游乐园应该在你的雷达上。这个主题公园提供了大量的游乐设施和景点，价格比附近的公园低得多，包括小型过山车、落差过山车、旋转过山车和摩天轮。)”可知，Fun Spot America Orlando对游客来说是比较节约的选择。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章Six Flags Magic Mountain: Valencia, California中的“The Wonder Woman Flight of Courage became the world’s tallest and longest single-rail coaster when it opened to park guests in summer 2022. (神奇女侠勇气之旅于2022年夏天向公园游客开放，成为世界上最高、最长的单轨过山车。)”可知，神奇女侠勇气之旅是世界一流的（娱乐）设施。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章SeaWorld San Diego: San Diego, California中的“SeaWorld San Diego is open year round. (圣地亚哥海洋世界全年开放。)”和Silver Dollar City: Branson, Missouri中的“Silver Dollar City is open throughout the year, while the water park only opens seasonally from late May to early September. (银元城全年开放，而水上乐园仅在5月底至9月初季节性开放。)”可知，两个主题公园都是一年四季向公众开放。故选C。
4．B 5．A 6．C 7．D

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了杨紫琼获得奥斯卡最佳女演员的事情以及她的一些影视作品和影响。
4．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The Malaysian-born actress took home the celebrated award for her extraordinary performance in the multiversal comedy Everything Everywhere All at Once. (这位马来西亚出生的女演员凭借在多元宇宙喜剧《瞬息全宇宙》中的出色表演获得了这个著名的奖项。)”可知，杨紫琼在《瞬息全宇宙》这部喜剧电影中表演出色。故选B。
5．推理判断题。根据文章第四段中“For all the little boys and girls who look like me watching tonight, this is a beacon of hope and possibilities,(对于所有像我一样观看今晚比赛的小男孩和小女孩来说，这是一座希望和可能性的灯塔。)”可推断，她的成功是鼓舞人心的；根据第五段中““I have to dedicate this to my mom and all the moms in the world because they are really the superheroes, and without them none of us would be here tonight,” she said.(她说：“我要把这个奖献给我的妈妈和世界上所有的妈妈，因为她们真的是超级英雄，没有她们，我们今晚就不会站在这里。”)”可推断，她是感恩的。故选A。
6．细节理解题。根据文章第七段“Yeoh has been heavily in demand since her role as a controlling matriarch(女家长) in Crazy Rich Asians(2018). (自从杨紫琼在《摘金奇缘》（2018）中饰演一位控制欲极强的女家长以来，她一直很受欢迎。)”可知，在《摘金奇缘》中的角色让杨紫琼更加受欢迎，有更多接触银幕的机会。故选C。
7．推理判断题。根据第一段“Michelle Yeoh, a famous name in Chinese cinema, made history on Sunday night by becoming the first Asian woman to win the Academy Award for best actress.(周日晚，中国电影界的知名人物杨紫琼成为首位获得奥斯卡最佳女主角奖的亚洲女性，创造了历史。)”及全文可推断，文章通过讲述杨紫琼的演艺经历和获得奥斯卡最佳女演员的事情来传达“梦想之花终究会绽放”的哲理。故选D。
8．A 9．D 10．B 11．C

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人类生产和消耗食物的方式影响气候变化的相关研究。
8．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“The study found that the majority of greenhouse gas emissions come from three major sources: meat from animals like cows and sheep, dairy and rice. (该研究发现，大部分温室气体排放来自三个主要来源:牛羊等动物的肉类、乳制品和大米。)”和第四段“All emit（散发）large amounts of methane（甲烷）, a potent（强有力的）greenhouse gas with more than 80 times the warming power of carbon dioxide, in the way they are currently farmed. (它们都排放大量的甲烷，这是一种强效的温室气体，其温室效应是二氧化碳的80倍以上。)”可知，一些饲养动物的肉会产生大量甲烷。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据文章第四段“All emit（散发）large amounts of methane（甲烷）, a potent（强有力的）greenhouse gas with more than 80 times the warming power of carbon dioxide, in the way they are currently farmed. The researchers calculated that methane will account for 75 percent of food’s share of warming by 2030, with carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide accounting for most of the rest. (它们都排放大量的甲烷，这是一种强效的温室气体，其温室效应是二氧化碳的80倍以上。研究人员计算出，到2030年，甲烷将占食物变暖的75%，二氧化碳和一氧化二氮占其余的大部分。)”可知，本段主要通过列数字来说明甲烷是全球变暖的重要因素。故选 D。
10．主旨大意题。根据文章第五段“The study’s lead author, Catherine C. Ivanovich, a climate scientist at Columbia University and colleagues calculated the three major gases produced by each type of food over its lifetime based on current consumption patterns. They scaled the annual emissions over time by gas based on five different population projections. And then they used a climate model frequently used by the United Nations’ panel on climate change to simulate the effects of those emissions on surface air temperature change.( 该研究的主要作者、哥伦比亚大学的气候科学家凯瑟琳·C·伊万诺维奇及其同事根据当前的消费模式计算了每种食物在其一生中产生的三种主要气体。他们根据五种不同的人口预测，按时间计算了天然气的年排放量。然后，他们使用了联合国气候变化专门委员会经常使用的气候模型来模拟这些排放对地表气温变化的影响。)”可知，本段主要在描述研究是如何进行的。故选 B。
11．推理判断题。根据全文可知，文章介绍了人类生产和消耗食物的方式影响气候变化的相关研究，可能来自一本科学杂志。故选C。
12．B 13．D 14．A 15．C

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了像大黄蜂这样的无脊椎动物存在传递某种行为的现象。
12．推理判断题。根据第一段“Next time you’re having trouble solving a tricky puzzle, consider asking a nearby bumblebee.(下次当你在解决一个棘手的难题时，可以考虑问一下附近的大黄蜂)”以及第二段“A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that these humble insects can actually learn to solve puzzles from one another, suggesting that even some invertebrates (无脊椎动物) like these social insects have a capacity for what we humans call “culture.”(发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》杂志上的一项新研究发现，这些不起眼的昆虫实际上可以相互学习解决难题，这表明即使是一些无脊椎动物，比如这些群居昆虫，也有我们人类所谓的“文化”能力)”可推知，第1段的目的是引入文章话题。故选B。
13．细节理解题。根据第五段“Nobody’s really thought to look at it in invertebrates before(以前没有人想过在无脊椎动物身上观察它)”可知，以前没有关于无脊椎动物培养的研究。故选D。
14．词句猜测题。根据倒数第二段“The experiment showed that in colonies where the tutor bee had originally learned to push the red tab, the other bees in the colony usually pushed the red tab. In colonies where the tutor bee was trained to push the blue tab, their fellow bees tended to do the same.(实验表明，在导师蜜蜂最初学会推红色标签的群体中，群体中的其他蜜蜂通常会推红色标签。在导师蜜蜂被训练去推蓝色标签的群体中，它们的同伴也倾向于这样做)”以及最后一段“We found that the behaviors spread among the colonies(我们发现这种行为在峰群中传播开来)”可知，蜜蜂会模仿导师蜜蜂的行为，故画线词指的是“导师蜜蜂”。故选A。
15．主旨大意题。根据第二段“A new study in the journal PLOS Biology finds that these humble insects can actually learn to solve puzzles from one another, suggesting that even some invertebrates (无脊椎动物) like these social insects have a capacity for what we humans call “culture.”(发表在《公共科学图书馆·生物学》杂志上的一项新研究发现，这些不起眼的昆虫实际上可以相互学习解决难题，这表明即使是一些无脊椎动物，比如这些群居昆虫，也有我们人类所谓的“文化”能力)”结合文章介绍了像大黄蜂这样的无脊椎动物存在传递某种行为的现象。可知，C选项“像大黄蜂这样的动物可以在文化上传播某些行为”最符合文章标题。故选C。
16．E 17．G 18．F 19．C 20．A

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了为花园选择最佳位置的几条建议。
16．根据上文“Before you begin digging or planting, make sure you have a detailed plan about where your garden is and the plants you want to include.(在你开始挖掘或种植之前，确保你有一个详细的计划，关于你的花园在哪里以及你想要种植的植物。)”以及下文提到的几条花园选址的建议，空白处承上启下。E选项“Here are some tips to help you choose the best location of your garden.(这是帮助你选择最佳花园位置的几条建议。)”符合题意。故选E。
17．根据上文“Since most flowering plants and vegetables require much sun, opt for the sunniest area in your yard to place your garden.(因为大多数开花植物和蔬菜都需要充足的阳光，所以选择院子里阳光最充足的地方来种植你的花园。)”可知，大多数开花植物和蔬菜都需要充足的阳光，由此可知，空白处应是植物得不到足够阳光的后果。G选项“Plants that don’t receive enough light won’t produce many blooms or grow well.(得不到充足阳光的植物将不会开出很多花，长得也不好。)”符合题意。故选G。
18．根据上文“Try to find an area that either has a natural water source or sits close to your outdoor hose attachment. (试着找一个有天然水源或靠近室外水管的地方。)”可知，空白处应该承接上文，指出这样选择位置的目的。F选项“Thus, you can easily make the soil stay moist and make it less likely to dry out.(这样有利于让土壤保持湿润，不至于会变干。)”符合题意。故选F。
19．这里为本段小标题。根据下文第四段的内容“Look for a place in your yard where you can see your garden from a window or a spot in your yard so you’re able to enjoy it. Make sure you can walk into your garden with ease to make it easier to take care of your plants. Avoid placing it anywhere that’s difficult to get to, or else it may become more of a hassle.(在院子里找一个你可以从窗户看到花园的地方，或者院子里的一个地方，这样你就可以享受花园了。确保你可以轻松地走进你的花园，这样更容易照顾你的植物。避免把它放在难以到达的地方，否则它可能会变得更麻烦。)”可知，本段主要介绍选择花园要找一个容易进入的地方。C 选项“Choose a place where you can easily access your garden.(选择一个你容易进入的地方。)”符合题意。故选C。
20．根据上文“Stretch a measuring tape across the length of the area, and record the measurement on a piece of paper. (在该区域的长度上拉伸卷尺，并在一张纸上记录测量结果。)”和下文“Double-check your measurements to make sure they’re accurate so you can plan the space efficiently.(仔细检查你的测量，以确保它们是准确的，这样你就可以有效地规划空间。)”可知，上下文是测量花园的一些步骤，空白处也应是测量的步骤。A 选项“Then take the measurement for the width of the area.(然后测量选择区域的宽度。)”符合题意。故选A。

21．C 22．A 23．B 24．D 25．A 26．C 27．D 28．B 29．C 30．A 31．B 32．D 33．A 34．D 35．B

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者领养了一只流浪狗的故事。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：邻居的孩子们都叫我“美国小姐”。A. city城市；B. hospital医院；C. neighborhood邻居；D. school学校。根据“two little boys ran up to my gate,”可知，作者所在小区的孩子们把作者称为“美国太太”。故选C。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，当我正在外面的小花园里干活时，两个小男孩跑到我家门口，“女士，女士，等等等等。”A. working工作；B. struggling努力；C. marching行进；D. hiking远足。根据“outside in the small garden,”可知，作者正在花园里干活，此时两个小男孩跑了过来。故选A。
23．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是我所理解的，但他们的手势让我想知道是什么如此紧急。A. fundamental基本的；B. urgent紧急的；C. dramatic戏剧性的；D. complicated复杂难懂的。根据“I walked down the street with them.”可知，作者从两个小孩的手势能感觉到有什么紧急的事，让作者去一探究竟。故选B。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在拐角处，我发现了一堆垃圾，上面有一只小狗。A. classified分类；B. threw扔；C. picked捡；D. spotted发现。根据“a pile of garbage with a small dog on top.”可知，作者在一堆垃圾上面发现一条小狗。故选D。
25．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这可怜的小动物身上散发着难闻的气味。A. awful糟糕的；难闻的；B. fragrant芬香的；C. marvelous令人惊异的；D. sour酸的。根据“a pile of garbage”可知，小狗在垃圾上面，味道很难闻。故选A。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不知道她在那里待了多久，但我断定她需要水。A. guarded守卫；B. warned警告；C. concluded推断出；D. ignored忽略。根据“I didn’t know how long she’d been there,”可知，作者不知道她在那里待了多久，但是能断定她需要喝水。故选C。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我跑回家去拿水和一些食物，泰德问我怎么了，我解释了我的发现。A. assumed假定；B. displayed显示；C. whispered低语；D. explained解释。根据“Ted asked what was up,”可知，作者向 Ted 解释所发现的事情。故选D。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：泰德说我们得尽快带她去看兽医。A. shelter避难所；B. vet兽医；C. expert专家；D. bank银行。Ted根据“As we were shown into the exam room,”可知，泰德建议尽快带她去看兽医。故选B。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们把小狗放进笼子里，立刻出发了。A. initially最初；B. hesitantly犹豫地；C. immediately立即； D. completely完全地。根据“Ted said we needed to get her to the ____8____ as soon as possible.”可知，作者和泰德立刻出发了。故选C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我们被带进检查室时，我把她从笼子里拿出来，放在金属桌子上。A. cage笼子；B. box盒子；C. trunk树干；D. seat座位。根据“We put the puppy into the cage”和“and put her on the metal table.”可知，作者把小狗从笼子里抱出来然后放到桌子上进行检查。故选A。
31．考查名词词义辨析。句意：小狗抬头看了看我，然后用尽全身力气把自己拉到我身边，把头靠在我的肚子上。A. emotion情感；B. strength力气；C. memory记忆；D. action行为。根据“pulled herself over to me”可知，此时小狗用尽全力靠近作者。故选B。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：小狗抬头看了看我，然后用尽全身力气把自己拉到我身边，把头靠在我的肚子上。 A. transformed 改变；B. shook摇晃；C. bowed鞠躬；D. placed放置。根据“But all that reasoning flew out of the window when that puppy laid her head on my stomach.”可知，小狗把头放在作者的肚子上。故选D。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让我烦恼的是那只小狗大概只有四个月大，而我们都快70岁了。A. bothered困扰；B. failed失败；C. claimed宣称；D. amused 娱乐。根据“and we were in our late seventies. I don’t think old people should adopt young animals.”可知，作者夫妻二人已经七十多岁，不适合养小狗。小狗只有四个月大，这让作者很困扰。故选A。
34．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我见过太多在主人去世后试图寻找新家的案例，但当那只小狗把头靠在我的肚子上时，所有的推理都烟消云散了。A. left off中断；B. tested out彻底检验；C. took flight逃走；D. passed away去世。根据“I don’t think old people should adopt young animals.”可知，作者见过很多主人去世，养的宠物需要寻找家的情况。故选D。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她选择了我，我不会抛弃她。A. carry携带；B. abandon抛弃；C. exchange交换；D. possess拥有。根据“That was it. This was my puppy.””可知，作者认定这就是她的，就是她的小狗了。故选B。

36．sun’s 37．were used 38．to guide 39．that/which 40．its 41．best 42．feasting 43．the 44．for 45．Consequently

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了二十四节气以及雨水节气的一些知识。
36．考查名词所有格。句意：二十四节气是由一年中太阳在黄道带上位置的变化决定的。此处用名词所有格作定语修饰后面的名词 position，指太阳的位置，表所属关系。故填 sun’s。
37．考查动词时态语态。句意：它们首先在中国使用，现在世界上许多其他地方都在使用。first in China 提示此句用一般过去时。主语They与use之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填were used。
38．考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国，24节气是几千年前为指导农业生产而创造的。动词不定式作目的状语。故填to guide。
39．考查定语从句。句意：它们还通过与每个节气相对应的季节性节日、特色食品、文化仪式、家庭聚会甚至健康生活提示来反映中国丰富的历史。tips 是先行词，定语从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。
40．考查代词。句意：随着它的到来，生机勃勃的春景开始绽放:河水解冻，大雁从南方迁徙到北方，树木和草地又变绿了。arrival 是名词，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
41．考查形容词最高级。句意：雨水时节是一年中食用新鲜竹笋的最佳时节。根据句意，表示“最好的时节”，用形容词最高级形式。故填best。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：据说只有吃过竹笋才能知道春天的味道。after 是介词，后面应用动名词，feast on 表示尽情享用。故填feasting。
43．考查冠词。句意：中国有句古话，春雨贵如油。此处特指“春天的降雨”，用定冠词the。故填the。
44．考查介词。句意：在中国北方，春季干旱是常见的，这个季节的降水量只占年平均降雨量的10%到15%。account for 表示（比例上）占……。故填for。
45．考查副词。句意：因此，雨水被认为是灌溉的关键时期，此时天气变暖，降雨量增加。副词修饰整个句子。注意大写首字母。故填Consequently。
46．One possible version:
Dear Sir or Madam,
I am Li Hua, a high school student. I’m writing this letter to apply to be a volunteer for the World University Games to be held in Chengdu.
First of all, I have a good command of English so that I communicate fluently with foreigners. Also, I am easy-going and always ready to help others. Most importantly, my experience as a volunteer qualifies me for the position.
I would appreciate it very much if you could accept me. Thank you for reading this letter. Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生用英语给第31届世界大学生夏季运动会组委会写一封申请做志愿者的申请信，写明写信的目的以及个人优势。
【详解】1.词汇积累
精通：have a good command of →have a good knowledge of
此外：also →besides
准备好的：ready →prepared
更重要的是：most importantly →above all
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m writing this letter to apply to be a volunteer for the World University Games to be held in Chengdu.
拓展句：I’m writing this letter to apply to be a volunteer for the World University Games which will be held in Chengdu.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First of all, I have a good command of English so that I  communicate fluently with foreigners.（运用了so that引导的结果状语从句）
【高分句型2】I would appreciate it very much if you could accept me. （运用了it特殊用法的句型结构“I would appreciate it if…”）
47．One possible version:
I purchased all the ingredients and prepared everything the night before. The morning came and I woke up , extremely excited. I ran into the kitchen and reached into the cabinet to take out that cake pan, the third generation to use it. My mother knew I was nervous so she guided me via video chat. Whether it was as simple as gradually adding the sugar or sifting the flour, my mother taught me. As she smiled and watched me do what she did for so many years, I couldn’t help but picture that bridge again.
With the help of my mother, I baked my first pound cake! A pound cake that tasted identical to the one that ran through my blood for generations. Instead of the little girl running down the stairs to taste the cake batter, I was now the one in the kitchen. Using the same cake pan that my grandmother used to bake her cakes, I finished my perfect replica of our family recipe. I swear for the first time I heard my grandmother’s voice. She whispered,“Now you are the carrier of this family tradition.”
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的母亲继承了作者祖母的手艺，做得一手好蛋糕。作者想知道这是否与祖母用过并传给母亲的那只特殊的平底锅有关——或者还有更深层的原因？作者知道有一天也将继承母亲的手艺。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我在前一天晚上买了所有的食材并准备好了一切”可知，第一段可描写作者母亲通过视频教作者做蛋糕的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“在妈妈的帮助下，我烤了我的第一个蛋糕”可知，第二段可描写作者做的蛋糕很成功，传承了做蛋糕的手艺。作者仿佛听到祖母在说“现在你是这个家族传统的承担者”。
2.续写线索：走进厨房——拿起蛋糕锅——母亲教作者——做得很成功——第三代继承者
3.词汇激活
行为类
1.流经：run through/flow through
2.指导：conduct /guide
3.微笑：smile/ beam on
情绪类
1.兴奋的：excited /thrilled
2.紧张的：nervous / tense
【点睛】[高分句型1] As she smiled and watched me do what she did for so many years, I couldn’t help but picture that bridge again. （由连词as引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2] Using the same cake pan that my grandmother used to bake her cakes, I finished my perfect replica of our family recipe. （由关系代词that引导的限制性定语从句）