2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习阅读七选五题型针对练二段首句类

这是一份2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习阅读七选五题型针对练二段首句类，共16页。
第四讲　词句猜测题——“义”有“景”生莫忘记【近3年全国卷考情分析】清迷点扫盲点·提升审题能力技法1　单词或短语含义猜测题——巧用线索猜词义知答题方略4种文体(记叙文、夹叙夹议文、议论文和说明文)所涉及的各种话题的阅读理解均涉及考查猜测单词或短语的含义。除了直接的命题外，在阅读理解的文章中常有一些单词或短语为生僻词，但又没有附加注释，也需要猜测词义才能理解文章，这是词义猜测题的一种间接命题形式。明命题方式①What does the word/phrase “________” in Paragraph 1 refer to/mean？②What does the underlined word/phrase “________” in Paragraph 2 probably mean/refer to？1.利用逻辑关系猜测词义●【典例1】　[2021·新高考Ⅰ卷·C片段]When the explorers first set foot upon the continent of North America, the skies and lands were alive with an astonishing variety of wildlife. Native Americans had taken care of these precious natural resources wisely. Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers who followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. Millions of waterfowl (水禽) were killed at the hands of market hunters and a handful of overly ambitious sportsmen. Millions of acres of wetlands were dried to feed and house the ever­increasing populations, greatly reducing waterfowl habitat (栖息地)．29．What does the underlined word “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A Acquire.    B．Export.C．Destroy.    D．Distribute.解析：词义猜测题。依据画线词所在句中的unfortunately可判断，画线词所在句与上文形成转折，上文讲到了探险者抵达北美洲时，这片大陆上充满了各种各样的野生物种，整个大陆生机勃勃。美洲土著居民明智地照顾着这些宝贵的自然资源，因此画线词所在句应讲述这些资源受到的破坏——探险者及随之而来的殖民者只用了几十年就将大部分资源破坏。自主解答：________,　 ●阅读理解语篇是按照一定的逻辑关系展开的， 根据逻辑关系可以粗略地推断出生词词义。 对猜测词义帮助较大的逻辑关系有反义、同义和因果等。 图解技巧2.利用语法关系猜测词义●【典例2】　[2021·全国甲卷阅读C]Southbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center of British skateboarding, where the continuous crashing of skateboards left your head ringing. I loved it. I soon made friends with the local skaters. We spoke our own language. And my favorite: Safe. Safe meant cool. It meant hello. It meant don't worry about it. Once, when trying a certain trick on the beam (横杆), I fell onto the stones, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Toby came over, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their boards loud, shouting: “Safe!__Safe!__Safe！” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater.29．What do the underlined words “Safe! Safe! Safe！” probably mean?A．Be careful!    B．Well done!C．No way!    D．Don't worry!解析：利用同等关系猜词词义。根据画线词后文的解释说明“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a good skater. (那才是真正重要的——滑板的落地技巧掌握了才是一名好的滑板玩家)”可知，作者掌握了滑板落地技巧，因此他的朋友大声欢呼，因此可以推出本句的Safe是赞美的含义。自主解答：________,　　●在做阅读理解题目时，考生利用语法关系(下定义；同位语；同位语从句；举例；标点符号)是猜测词义的快速有效的方法之一。图解技巧[听课记录]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
3.构词法助力词义猜测●【典例3】　[2020·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B]The end of the school year was in sight and spirits were high. I was back teaching after an absence of 15 years, dealing with the various kinds of “forbidden fruit” that come out of book bags. Now was the spring of the water pistol (手枪)．I decided to think up a method of dealing with forbidden fruit....My imaginary Grandma's Box worked like magic that spring, and later. Sometimes students would ask me to describe all the things I had in it. Then I would try to remember the different possessions I supposedly had taken away—since I seldom actually kept them. Usually the__offender would appear at the end of the day, and I would return the belonging.25．What do the underlined words “the offender” in Paragraph 8 refer to?A．The students' parent.B．The maker of the Grandma' Box.C．The author's grandchild.D．The owner of the forbidden fruit.解析：词义猜测题　根据构词法，“er”为后缀，当其与动词缀合时，表示做某事的人或物；“offend”为动词，意思为违反、冒犯。故“offender”有犯规者、违反者的含义。结合前文中出现的“forbidden fruit”，以及后文提到“return the belonging”，可推断犯规者指的是拥有前述forbidden fruit的人。自主解答：________,　　●构词法能够不借助阅读上下文便能够大体猜出词义，然后再结合语境猜测，这样事半功倍，而且具有双重保险，大大提高了解题效率和正确率。所以我们主张：可以利用构词法的，一定先利用构词法，再结合语境解题。图解技巧[听课记录]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　4.上下文语境助力词义猜测●【典例4】　[2022·全国乙卷阅读C]That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure. That can be dangerous work that could be avoided with drones assisting the crews' efforts.29．What does “maintenance” underlined in Paragraph 3 refer to?A．Personnel safety.B．Assistance from drones.C．Inspection and repair.D．Construction of infrastructure.解析：词义猜测题。利用上下文语境猜测词义。根据本段第二句It is calculated that European railways alone spend approximately 20 billion euros a year on maintenance, including sending maintenance staff, often at night, to inspect and repair the rail infrastructure.可知maintenance是“维护，保养”的意思，选项Inspection and repair与句中的inspect and repair对应。自主解答：________,　　●有些词义猜测题找不到以上标志线索，这时我们可以利用上下文提供的情景和线索进行合乎逻辑的综合分析，进而推测词义，这也是近几年来高考考查的热点。图解技巧[听课记录]　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　技法2　代词猜测题——“就近原则”找指代●　[2020·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读C]In the mid­1990s, Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven months, physically broken and having lost his mind. A few years later, still attracted to the country, he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.His visit, however, ended up involving a lot more than that. Hence this book, ChasingtheSea: LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia, which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan, where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land, and of the people he meets on his way: Rustam, his translator, a lovely 24­year­old who picked up his colorful English in California, Oleg and Natasha, his hosts in Tashkent, and a string of foreign aid workers.9．What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A．Developing a serious mental disease.B．Taking a guided tour in Central Asia.C．Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.D．Writing an article about the Aral Sea.解析：就近原则找指代。画线词在第二段首句， that用来指代上文提到的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句可知，他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章，由此可推断出that指代写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章这件事，意思是指写一篇文章已远不能包含他所见所闻的所有内容。自主解答：________●1.设题特点：代词猜测题常出现在人物或事物变换多，动作转换频繁的语境中，考生应根据语境判断人称代词、不定代词和指示代词。有时也会考查定语从句中关系代词的指代内容。2．设问方式：①What does the underlined word “this/it/them/which...” refer to?②The underlined part “it/that/they/which...” in Paragraph...refers to ________．图解技巧　“就近原则”找指代
技法3　句意猜测题——“意义吻合”推句意●　[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读B]We journalists live in a new age of storytelling，with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don't even realize it's new. For them，it's just normal.This hit__home__for__me as I was sitting with my 2­year­old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children's book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.24．What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in Paragraph 2?A．Provided shelter for me.　B．Became very clear to me.C．Took the pressure off me.    D．Worked quite well on me.解析：句义猜测题。根据第一段内容以及画线词后文“as I was sitting with my 2­year­old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday”可知，作者是记者，生活在一个讲故事的新时代，有许多新的多媒体工具。许多年轻人甚至没有意识到它是新的。对他们来说，这很正常。而在春节假期，作者和两岁的孙子坐在沙发上看书时，尤其清楚地认识到了这一点。故画线词意思是“我很清楚”。自主解答：________●1.设题特点：句意猜测题一般出现在前后文有解释的特殊含义的语句或高度概括句中，要求考生用合适的句子解释这一语句或这一语句的某一部分。锁定语句前后寻找，意义吻合是解题关键。2．设问方式：①What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph...mean?②Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in Paragraph...?图解技巧　“意义吻合”推句意　练重点练难点·创新应用体验A[2022·江苏省高考考前打靶卷]It's difficult to be part of the team that created the most memorable ad in the latest Super Bowl—and it's harder still to do so as part of a brand that's taking the lead in a new technology revolution. But Jessica Williams, director of brand and partnerships at cryptocurrency platform Coinbase (比特币), made it.With a degree in psychology, Williams initially intended to pursue a career working with troubled kids or as a prison psychologist. But at the end of her graduate schooling, she fell in love with technology and data marketing analytics, which carried her through data­centric roles at Yahoo, agencies like W2O Group and eventually Visa, where she spent more than seven years and grew into the role of senior director of global brand marketing.But after working for these established companies, Williams sought a new challenge—and found Coinbase. “I jumped ship to go market with a whole new category, to build a new brand and inspire trust, security and excitement，” she said.Williams pointed out that Coinbase's marketing strategy is similar to her work at Visa, but with a key difference—one reflected in the brand's Super Bowl 56 ad, which showed a simple QR code bouncing like a screen saver on a black background. “Coinbase is willing to take risks on the marketing side, as you can see from the Super Bowl ad，” she said. “There isn't the same desire to stay within the lines.”The__move paid off: The brand received 20 million site visits within the first minute after the ad aired. Taking risks like that while maintaining a strong, trustworthy foundation requires a critical balance.Williams sees endless potential for marketers to make an impact on cryptocurrency in the future. “There's still a lot of opportunity in this space because the consumer experience is not great yet，” she said. “The fundamentals of marketing can help build trust and awareness.”1．What do we know about Williams from the first two paragraphs?A．She created the latest Super Bowl.B．She worked as a prison psychologist.C．She served in W2O for seven years.D．She was keen on data marketing analytics.2．Why did Williams leave the established companies?A．She was eager to create new ground.B．She wished for trust and secure work.C．She found no difficult tasks to perform.D．She was tired of the famous companies.3．What does the underlined phrase “the move” in Paragraph 5 refer to?A．Building a new brand.B．Advertising in the Super Bowl.C．Staying within the lines.D．The creative QR code advertising.4．What does the story of Williams tell us?A．Greatness comes from taking risks.B．Jumping ship is never a bad choice.C．Building trust and awareness earns you a fortune.D.Deep insight and innovation spirit result in success.B[2022·南京市考前训练题(二)]Do cliché (陈词滥调) work sayings have__you__rolling__your__eyes? You're not alone. Almost half of Americans have a colleague difficult to work with—due to their communication habits.A survey of 2，000 remote workers revealed these feelings might result from their co­workers' use of workplace jargon (行话) they dislike, like “give it 100 percent，”“think outside the box，” and “team player” ranking in the top 10 most overused phrases. Two thirds of workers surveyed also think it's displeasing. It's found that even though respondents dislike when others use jargon, they catch themselves doing it too. Besides workplace jargon, the results found the level of formality can also have a huge impact. It turns out 70%of remote workers actually encourage others to use slang (俚语) and abbreviations (缩略语). That's how respondents say they prefer to communicate, too.“Informal messages have made work feel more flexible and help them work more efficiently and productively. There should be little doubt that informal communication has evolved to become a mainstay of positive, inclusive and efficient workplace culture，” says Ali Rayl, senior vice president of product at Slack. “Informal communication through modern cooperation platforms brings informative discussions between senior leadership and their employees and makes work more fun, allowing employees to express themselves and create a more welcoming work environment.”The desire for informal communication has been especially true during the COVID­19. “In this new world of working where teams are distributed, it's important to be thoughtful and intentional in how we choose to communicate with our co­workers of all backgrounds, locations and ages, to ensure they stay connected and engaged，” Rayl adds. “Most survey respondents hope to continue to use informal work messages instead of workplace jargon. Going forward, we all need to consider which communication styles may be more effective with various co­workers. Being mindful of how we communicate, you can help build a productive and connected workplace. This is why we have created tools to allow for various text­based communication.”5．The underlined phrase “have you rolling your eyes” means “________”．A．leave you reflectingB．make you astonishedC．arouse your dislikeD．inspire your communication6．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?A．Those who hate workplace jargon sometimes use it too.B．Creative thinking and teamwork are not welcome nowadays.C．Workers prefer formal communication to jargon at workplace.D．Most workers welcome using slang and abbreviation after work.7．What's Ali Rayl's attitude towards informal messages?A．Doubtful.    B．Critical.C．Conservative.    D．Favorable.8．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about?A．Communication styles affect productivity.B．Informal communication counts in COVID­19.C.Workers of diverse backgrounds cooperate best.D．New tools need to be developed for communication.[答题区]题号12345678答案            第四讲　词句猜测题——“义”有“景”生莫忘记清迷点扫盲点　提升审题能力技法1　答案：1.C　2.B　3.D　4.C技法2　答案：D技法3　答案：B练重点练难点　创新应用体验A【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Jessica Williams，她创建了加密货币平台Coinbase，介绍了其创建背景和对这个平台的未来期望。1．答案与解析：D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段可知，她喜欢技术和数据营销分析。2．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第三段“‘I jumped ship to go market with a whole new category, to build a new brand and inspire trust, security and excitement，’ she said.”可知，她离开是想开创新的天地。3．答案与解析：D　词义猜测题。根据上文“Williams pointed out that Coinbase's marketing strategy is similar to her work at Visa, but with a key difference—one reflected in the brand's Super Bowl 56 ad, which showed a simple QR code bouncing like a screen saver on a black background.”和画线词下文“The brand received 20 million site visits within the first minute after the ad aired.”可知，创意二维码广告播出后，该品牌的网站访问量激增。所以the move指代的是上文的“创意二维码广告”。4．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段可推断，威廉姆斯的成功归功于她深刻的洞察力和创新精神。B【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了工作中陈词滥调的行话不受待见，远端工作者渴望在工作中进行更舒适随意的交流，这种交流方式会提高人们的工作效率。5．答案与解析：C　词句猜测题。第一段划线词前的主语是“cliché (陈词滥调) work sayings(陈词滥调的工作语言)”，根据下文“You're not alone. Almost half of Americans have a colleague difficult to work with—due to their communication habits. ”可知，近半数人有难相处的同事，第二段中“these feelings might result from their co­workers' use of workplace jargon (行话) they dislike ”也明确表示同事会使用他们不喜欢的工作行话，由此可知，划线短语表示不喜欢，C项“使你厌恶”正确。6．答案与解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中“It's found that even though respondents dislike when others use jargon, they catch themselves doing it too. ”可知，虽然受访者不喜欢别人使用行话，但他们发现他们自己也会使用， 故选A项。7．答案与解析：D　推理判断题。根据第三段中“Informal messages have made work feel more flexible and help them work more efficiently and productively. ”可知，Ali Rayl描述了非正式信息对工作的好处，帮助人们有效工作，所以他对非正式信息的态度是支持的，故选D。8．答案与解析：A　主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“In this new world of working where teams are distributed，...to ensure they stay connected and engaged ”可知，在选择和各类不同背景的同事交流的方法时要考虑周到，结合下文“Going forward, we all need to consider which communication styles may be more effective with various co­workers. Being mindful of how we communicate, you can help build a productive and connected workplace. ”可知，我们需要考虑什么交流方式最有效，这可以帮助建立高效的紧密联系的工作环境，所以本段主要讲的是，非正式的交流会提高工作效率，并且需要进一步思考什么样的交流方式最有效， A项“交流方式影响效率”能够总结本段内容。