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英语选择性必修 第四册Unit 5 Into the unknown完整版ppt课件
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这是一份英语选择性必修 第四册Unit 5 Into the unknown完整版ppt课件，文件包含高中外研版英语新教材选修第4册Unit5第04讲Grammarpptx、Unit54GrammarGrammarReviewnounclausesdocx等2份课件配套教学资源，其中PPT共29页， 欢迎下载使用。
Unit 5
Into the unknown
Period Four Grammar—Review：noun clauses
达标检测 当堂检测 基础达标演练
语法导学 感悟规律 重点难点剖析
内容索引
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
语法感知
语 法 导 学
感悟规律 重点难点剖析
1.Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.2.Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.3.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.4.The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.5.Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.
6.By changing the landscape in this way，it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
1.以上各句都是主从复合句，句中用了相当于 作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。2.名词性从句可在句中作宾语，如句1和句2；句2中的宾语从句省略了引导词 。3.名词性从句可在句中作 ，如句3中what引导的部分和句5中why引导的部分。4.名词性从句可在句中作 ，且可用it作 ，真正的主语置于句末，如句6。5.名词性从句可在句中作 ，如句3中 how引导的部分。6.名词性从句可在句中作 ，如句4。
名词
that
主语
主语
形式主语
表语
同位语
语法精析
在复合结构中起名词作用的句子称之为名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组)，它在复合结构中能充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此，可将名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是英语中比较复杂的结构，既涉及词汇的用法，又涉及句法结构，是高中阶段英语学习的重点和难点之一。
一、主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等引导。that在句中无实义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当句子成分。1.连词that引导的主语从句that在从句中无意义，不作任何成分。That the heavy haze is harming our health is quite apparent.浓重的雾霾正在危害我们的健康，这是很明显的。
2.连词whether/if引导的主语从句whether/if在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。Whether they will have the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.他们是否要开会还没有定下来。3.连接代词who，whose，which，what，whoever，whatever，whichever；连接副词when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however引导的主语从句。连接代词或连接副词在从句中有意义，作成分。Whoever comes will be welcome.无论谁来都将受到欢迎。
4.it作形式主语，主语从句后移有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句，即真正的主语，放在后面。It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.学生学好英语非常重要。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。
二、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。结构为：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语从句或介词(prep.)＋宾语从句。宾语从句需要特别注意的问题：引导词、语序和时态。引导宾语从句的词有连词that(无意义，不作成分)；if/whether(是否)；连接代词who，whose，what，which等；连接副词when，where，how，why等。如果主句时态是过去时，从句时态通常与主句一致用过去的某种时态；语序为陈述句语序。
1.连词that引导的宾语从句 that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中可以省略。He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年将去上大学。[特别提醒] 在以下情况中that不能省略：(1)动词后有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的that一般都不能省略。We all think (that) she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.我们都认为她学习非常努力，一定能进入一个非常好的大学。
(2)当主句的谓语动词与that引导的宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省略。Just then I noticed，for the first time，that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.那时我第一次注意到我们的老师穿着他的好看的绿色大衣并戴着黑色丝帽。
2.whether/if引导的宾语从句 由whether/if引导的宾语从句，实际上是由一般疑问句演变而来的，意为“是否”；宾语从句要用陈述语序。一般来说，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。I wonder whether/if they will come to our party.我想知道他们是否会来参加我们的晚会。
[特别提醒] 只能用whether，不能用if的情况：(1)在带to的不定式前We haven’t decided whether to walk there.我们还没决定是否走着去那里。(2)在介词的后面I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.我正在考虑我们是否应该去看电影。(3)与or not连用时I can’t say whether or not they can come tomorrow.我不敢说他们明天是否能来。
3.宾语从句的一些注意事项(1)一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句，但but，except，besides等后可接that引导的宾语从句。He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.除了下雨天外，他每天都去图书馆。I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he is a teacher.我只知道我的新邻居是一位老师。
(2)动词find，consider，think，feel，believe，make等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语that从句后置。I have made it clear that I will not accept this job.我已表明我不会接受这份工作。(3)有些动词(短语)，如enjoy，love，like，hate，appreciate，take，hide，see to，insist on，depend on，rely on等后接宾语从句时，习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it。I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to solve those problems.如果你能在如何解决那些问题方面给我们一些建议，我将不胜感激。
(4)宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即：连接代词/副词＋主语＋谓语＋其他成分。I don’t know what case the police are looking into.我不知道警察们正在调查一个什么样的案子。
三、表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语，放在系动词之后，结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。引导表语从句的词有连词that(无意义，不作成分)，whether(是否)，as if/though(好像)，because(因为)；连接代词who，what，which等；连接副词when，where，how，why等。注意：引导表语从句的that不可省略。另外，常用的还有The reason is that...和It is because...等结构。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮助我们。He didn’t attend the party.The reason was that he was ill.他没有参加聚会，原因是他生病了。[特别提醒]1.表语从句用陈述语序The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.问题是他什么时候可以到达酒店。2.引导表语从句时，用whether，不用ifThe question is whether he can make it.问题是他能否成功。
四、同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，或说明前面名词的具体含义。
1.同位语从句的连接词引导同位语从句的连接词有从属连词that，whether；连接代词what，who等和连接副词when，where，why，how等。其中that，whether不作成分，that无实际意义，whether意为“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.他还没有做出决定是否去那里。
2.同位语从句的注意事项分隔式同位语从句：有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。A saying goes that practice makes perfect.(从句被谓语goes分开)常言道，熟能生巧。
3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别
注意：判定同位语从句的简易方法：我们可以在名词和从句之间加be动词，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑、句子通顺，则是同位语从句。The news that she told me is that Tom will go abroad next year.(that she told me是定语从句)她告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。(不可以说The news was that she told me...)The news that Tom would go abroad was told by her.(that Tom would go abroad是同位语从句)汤姆将出国的消息是她说的。(可以说The news was that Tom would go abroad.)
返 回
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
达 标 检 测
当堂检测 基础达标演练
1.It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.2.We mostly had to rely on the radio or newspapers to know was going on in the world.3.The suggestion that the new rule (adopt) came from the chairman.4.The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.5.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing she was heading.
that
what
(should) be adopted
whoever
where
6.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.7.This is due to the fact anxiety produces a raised sense of awareness and physiological readiness to fight or fly.8.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of it used to charge.9.Though scientists aren’t sure is causing this change，the publishers of the study think that it’s connected to rainfall.10.When everyone quieted down，the speaker began to talk，saying that this was exactly was happening in their lives.
that
that
what
what
what
Ⅱ.完成句子
11.The suggestion needs great consideration.我们是否要成立公司的提议需要慎重考虑。12.It has not been decided yet .由谁来组织会议还没有决定。13.The question is .问题是我们怎样弄到足够的金钱去帮她。14.I don’t care the day after tomorrow.我不在乎他后天来不来。
whether we (should) set up a company
who will organize the meeting
how we can get enough money to help her
whether he will come or not
15.They couldn’t understand take part in the party.他们不明白我为什么拒绝参加派对。
why I refused to
返 回
Unit 5
Into the unknown
Period Four Grammar—Review：noun clauses
达标检测 当堂检测 基础达标演练
语法导学 感悟规律 重点难点剖析
内容索引
感知以下课文原句，补全方框下的小题
语法感知
语 法 导 学
感悟规律 重点难点剖析
1.Through comparison，he found that the locations of the 117 known Maya cities correspond to the positions of the stars.2.Based on this，he believed he had spotted an unknown Maya city buried deep in the jungle.3.What is most extraordinary about these complex structures is how they were built without the use of wheels，metal tools or even animal power.4.The fact that Maya society was technologically primitive makes its achievements all the more incredible and mysterious.5.Why Maya civilisation collapsed remains a mystery.
6.By changing the landscape in this way，it is possible that the Maya people unknowingly reduced their ability to deal with natural disasters.
1.以上各句都是主从复合句，句中用了相当于 作用的从句(即名词性从句)在句中充当成分。2.名词性从句可在句中作宾语，如句1和句2；句2中的宾语从句省略了引导词 。3.名词性从句可在句中作 ，如句3中what引导的部分和句5中why引导的部分。4.名词性从句可在句中作 ，且可用it作 ，真正的主语置于句末，如句6。5.名词性从句可在句中作 ，如句3中 how引导的部分。6.名词性从句可在句中作 ，如句4。
名词
that
主语
主语
形式主语
表语
同位语
语法精析
在复合结构中起名词作用的句子称之为名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组)，它在复合结构中能充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。因此，可将名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句是英语中比较复杂的结构，既涉及词汇的用法，又涉及句法结构，是高中阶段英语学习的重点和难点之一。
一、主语从句主语从句在复合句中作主句的主语，通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whose，whatever，whoever，whichever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等引导。that在句中无实义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义又起连接作用，在从句中充当句子成分。1.连词that引导的主语从句that在从句中无意义，不作任何成分。That the heavy haze is harming our health is quite apparent.浓重的雾霾正在危害我们的健康，这是很明显的。
2.连词whether/if引导的主语从句whether/if在从句中不作成分，意为“是否”。Whether they will have the meeting hasn’t been decided yet.他们是否要开会还没有定下来。3.连接代词who，whose，which，what，whoever，whatever，whichever；连接副词when，where，how，why，whenever，wherever，however引导的主语从句。连接代词或连接副词在从句中有意义，作成分。Whoever comes will be welcome.无论谁来都将受到欢迎。
4.it作形式主语，主语从句后移有时为了使句子结构平衡，避免“头重脚轻”，常用it作形式主语，而把主语从句，即真正的主语，放在后面。It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.她犯了这样一个错误，真是遗憾。It is very important that a student (should) learn English well.学生学好英语非常重要。It is suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.有人建议会议延期召开。
二、宾语从句宾语从句在复合句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。结构为：主语＋谓语(vt.)＋宾语从句或介词(prep.)＋宾语从句。宾语从句需要特别注意的问题：引导词、语序和时态。引导宾语从句的词有连词that(无意义，不作成分)；if/whether(是否)；连接代词who，whose，what，which等；连接副词when，where，how，why等。如果主句时态是过去时，从句时态通常与主句一致用过去的某种时态；语序为陈述句语序。
1.连词that引导的宾语从句 that在宾语从句中不充当任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中可以省略。He told me (that) he would go to college the next year.他告诉我他明年将去上大学。[特别提醒] 在以下情况中that不能省略：(1)动词后有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句时，第一个that可省略，其余的that一般都不能省略。We all think (that) she is working very hard and that she will surely go to a very good university.我们都认为她学习非常努力，一定能进入一个非常好的大学。
(2)当主句的谓语动词与that引导的宾语从句之间有插入语时，that一般不可省略。Just then I noticed，for the first time，that our master was wearing his fine green coat and his black silk cap.那时我第一次注意到我们的老师穿着他的好看的绿色大衣并戴着黑色丝帽。
2.whether/if引导的宾语从句 由whether/if引导的宾语从句，实际上是由一般疑问句演变而来的，意为“是否”；宾语从句要用陈述语序。一般来说，在宾语从句中whether与if可以互换使用，但在特殊情况下if与whether是不能互换的。I wonder whether/if they will come to our party.我想知道他们是否会来参加我们的晚会。
[特别提醒] 只能用whether，不能用if的情况：(1)在带to的不定式前We haven’t decided whether to walk there.我们还没决定是否走着去那里。(2)在介词的后面I’m thinking of whether we should go to see the film.我正在考虑我们是否应该去看电影。(3)与or not连用时I can’t say whether or not they can come tomorrow.我不敢说他们明天是否能来。
3.宾语从句的一些注意事项(1)一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句，但but，except，besides等后可接that引导的宾语从句。He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.除了下雨天外，他每天都去图书馆。I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he is a teacher.我只知道我的新邻居是一位老师。
(2)动词find，consider，think，feel，believe，make等后有宾语补足语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语that从句后置。I have made it clear that I will not accept this job.我已表明我不会接受这份工作。(3)有些动词(短语)，如enjoy，love，like，hate，appreciate，take，hide，see to，insist on，depend on，rely on等后接宾语从句时，习惯上在从句前加形式宾语it。I would appreciate it if you could give us some advice on how to solve those problems.如果你能在如何解决那些问题方面给我们一些建议，我将不胜感激。
(4)宾语从句的语序宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，即：连接代词/副词＋主语＋谓语＋其他成分。I don’t know what case the police are looking into.我不知道警察们正在调查一个什么样的案子。
三、表语从句表语从句在复合句中作表语，放在系动词之后，结构为“主语＋连系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be，look，remain，seem等。引导表语从句的词有连词that(无意义，不作成分)，whether(是否)，as if/though(好像)，because(因为)；连接代词who，what，which等；连接副词when，where，how，why等。注意：引导表语从句的that不可省略。另外，常用的还有The reason is that...和It is because...等结构。
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.问题还是他们能否帮助我们。He didn’t attend the party.The reason was that he was ill.他没有参加聚会，原因是他生病了。[特别提醒]1.表语从句用陈述语序The question is when he can arrive at the hotel.问题是他什么时候可以到达酒店。2.引导表语从句时，用whether，不用ifThe question is whether he can make it.问题是他能否成功。
四、同位语从句在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句。同位语从句是名词性从句的一种。它一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等抽象名词的后面，对前面的名词作进一步的解释，或说明前面名词的具体含义。
1.同位语从句的连接词引导同位语从句的连接词有从属连词that，whether；连接代词what，who等和连接副词when，where，why，how等。其中that，whether不作成分，that无实际意义，whether意为“是否”；其他连接词具有实义，同时在同位语从句中作一定成分。引导同位语从句的连接词一般都不省略。The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.他们比赛获胜的消息很快传遍了整个学校。He hasn’t made the decision whether he will go there.他还没有做出决定是否去那里。
2.同位语从句的注意事项分隔式同位语从句：有时同位语从句与其所解释说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，从而形成分隔式同位语从句，这样做主要是为了保持句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻。A saying goes that practice makes perfect.(从句被谓语goes分开)常言道，熟能生巧。
3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别
注意：判定同位语从句的简易方法：我们可以在名词和从句之间加be动词，使之构成一个新句子，如果合乎逻辑、句子通顺，则是同位语从句。The news that she told me is that Tom will go abroad next year.(that she told me是定语从句)她告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。(不可以说The news was that she told me...)The news that Tom would go abroad was told by her.(that Tom would go abroad是同位语从句)汤姆将出国的消息是她说的。(可以说The news was that Tom would go abroad.)
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Ⅰ.单句语法填空
达 标 检 测
当堂检测 基础达标演练
1.It is often the case anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.2.We mostly had to rely on the radio or newspapers to know was going on in the world.3.The suggestion that the new rule (adopt) came from the chairman.4.The gold medal will be awarded to wins the first place in the bicycle race.5.Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street，not knowing she was heading.
that
what
(should) be adopted
whoever
where
6.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is one can be entirely free from dust.7.This is due to the fact anxiety produces a raised sense of awareness and physiological readiness to fight or fly.8.We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20，half of it used to charge.9.Though scientists aren’t sure is causing this change，the publishers of the study think that it’s connected to rainfall.10.When everyone quieted down，the speaker began to talk，saying that this was exactly was happening in their lives.
that
that
what
what
what
Ⅱ.完成句子
11.The suggestion needs great consideration.我们是否要成立公司的提议需要慎重考虑。12.It has not been decided yet .由谁来组织会议还没有决定。13.The question is .问题是我们怎样弄到足够的金钱去帮她。14.I don’t care the day after tomorrow.我不在乎他后天来不来。
whether we (should) set up a company
who will organize the meeting
how we can get enough money to help her
whether he will come or not
15.They couldn’t understand take part in the party.他们不明白我为什么拒绝参加派对。
why I refused to
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