初中英语中考常用高频近义词（短语）辨析汇总（共150组）

中考英语常用高频

近义词（短语）辨析

1.

in class, in the class

in class在课上

in the class在班级里

eg.He is the best student in the class.

2.

on fire, on the fire

on fire着火

on the fire在火上

eg.Put the food on the fire.

eg.The house is on fire.

3.

out of question, out of the question

out of question毫无疑问的

out of the question不可能的

4.

a second, the second

a second又一，再一，

the second第……

eg.He won the second prize.

5.

by day, by the day

by day白天

by the day按天计算

eg.The workers are paid by the day.

1.

the people, a people

the people指人

a people指民族

eg.The Chinese is a peace-loving people.

2.

it, one

it同一物体

one同类不同一

eg.I lost my pen.I have to buy a new one.

3.

that, this

that指代上文所提到的;比较级中用其指代

this导出下文所要说的

eg.I was ill.That's why…

4.

none, nothing, no one

none强调有多少

nothing, no one强调有没有，nothing指物，no one指人

eg.--- How many…/How much…? --- None.

eg.--- Who…?--- No one.

eg--- What…?--- Nothing.

5.

anyone, any one

anyone指人，不能接of

any one指人物均可，可接of

6.

who, what

who指姓名或关系

what指职业或地位

eg.What is your dad? He is a teacher.

7.

what, which

what的选择基础是无限制的

which在一定范围内进行选择

eg.Which do you prefer, bananas or apples?

8.

other, another

other后接名词复数

another后接名词单数

eg.other students, another student

9.

not a little, not a bit

not a little非常

not a bit一点也不

eg.I'm not a bit tired.我一点儿也不累。

10.

many, much, a lot of

many和可数名词连用

much和不可数名词连用

a lot of可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句

eg.I haven't got many books.

11.

much more…than, many more…than

much more…than后接形容词或不可数名词

many more…than后接可数名词

eg.many more people, much more water, much more beautiful

12.

no, not

no=not a/any

no friend=not a/any friend

no water=not any water

13.

no more than, not more than

no more than相当于only，仅仅，只有

not more than 至多，不超过

14.

majority, most

majority只能修饰可数名词

most可数不可数均可

eg.the majority of people

15.

by oneself, for oneself, to oneself, of oneself

by oneself单独的，独自的

for oneself为自己

to oneself供自己用的

of oneself 自行的,自动的

eg.The door opened of itself.

21.

at all, after all

at all根本，全然

after all到底，毕竟

eg.After all , he is a child.

22.

tall, high

tall常指人或动物

high常指物体

23.

fast, quickly

fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点

quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快

eg.run fast, answer the question quickly

24.

high, highly

high具体的高，

highly抽象的高，高度的

think highly of...高度赞扬...

25.

healthy, healthful

healthy健康的，健壮的

healthful有益于健康的

eg.healthful exercise

26.

sleeping, asleep, sleepy

sleeping正在睡觉

asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语

sleepy困的，有睡意的

eg.a sleeping baby.

egThe baby is asleep.

eg.I'm sleepy.

27.

gold, golden

gold指真金制品 a gold ring

golden指金色的

但金鱼用gold fish

28.

most, mostly

most用于表感受的肯定句中，译为“大多数”时是形容词或名词；译为“极其，非常”时是副词

mostly大部分,是副词

most people, the people are mostly…

29.

just, very

just表强调时是副词，作状语

very表强调时是形容词，用作定语

the very man（正是这个人）, just the man

30.

wide, broad

wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离

broad侧重于幅面的宽广

eg.broad shoulders

31.

real, true

real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的

true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合

eg.real gold, a true story

32.

respectful, respectable

respectful尊敬，有礼貌

respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的

eg.be respectful to the aged(老年人）

33.

outwards, outward

二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面

outward还可用作形容词

eg.an outward voyage

34.

pleasant, pleased, pleasing

pleasant常用作定语

pleased, pleasing常用作表语

pleased主语常为人

pleasing主语常为物

eg.a pleasant trip = The trip is pleasing.

35.

understanding, understandable

understanding明白事理的，能体谅的

understandable 可理解的，能够懂的

eg.an understanding girl, an understandable mistake

36.

close, closely

close接近，靠近

closely紧紧地，紧密地

eg.closely connected, stand close

37.

ill, sick

ill做表语

sick定，表均可

eg.a sick boy

38.

good, well

good形容词

well副词，但指身体状况是形容词

eg.He is well again.

39.

quiet, silent, still

quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音

silent不发出声音，但可以动

still完全不动，完全无声响

eg.He stand there still.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。

40.

hard, hardly

hard努力

hardly几乎不

eg.work hard

eg.I can hardly believe it.

41.

able, capable

able与不定式to do连用

capable与of连用

eg.He is capable of doing…

42.

almost, nearly

二者均为"几乎,差不多"

和否定词连用用almost

eg.almost nobody

43.

late, lately

late迟，晚

lately最近，近来

eg.I haven't seen him lately.

44.

living, alive, live, lively

living, alive, live均为活着的

living定表均可

alive定表均可，定语后置

live只能做定语

lively意为活波的

eg.all the living people=all the people alive

45.

excited, exciting

excited使人兴奋的

exciting令人兴奋的

eg.I'm excited.

eg.The news is exciting.

46.

deep, deeply

deep具体的深

deeply抽象的深，深深地

eg.deeply moved, dig deep

47.

aloud, loud

aloud出声地 read aloud(出声地读)

loud大声地

48.

worth, worthy

二者均为值得

worth后接doing

worthy后接to be done, of being done

eg.It is worth visiting.=

It's worthy to be visited.=

It's worthy of being visited.

49.

bad, badly

bad形容词

badly副词，不好，但与need, want, require连用为"很，非常"

eg.go bad

eg.I need the book badly.

50.

before long, long before

before long不久以后

long before很久以前

eg.not long before = before long

51.

quite, rather

quite完全地，相当于completely

rather修饰比较级

eg.quite impossible

52.

happy, glad

happy高兴，幸福，定表均可

glad高兴，只能做表语

53.

instead, instead of

instead是副词，放在句首或句末

instead of是介词短语，放在句中

eg.He didn't see a film.Instead he watched TV.

eg.He watched TV instead of seeing a film.

54.

too much, much too

too much 后接不可数名词

much too后接形容词

55.

be about to, be going to, be to do

be about to表最近的将来，后面不接时间状语

be going to 侧重打算，想法

be to do侧重意志，计划，安排

eg.I'm to meet him.(含双方事先约好的意思)

56.

raise, rise

raise及物动词

rise不及物动词

eg.The sun rises in the east.

57.

bring, take, carry, fetch

bring拿来

take带走

carry随身携带

fetch去回这一往返动作

58.

spend, take, pay, cost

spend人做主语，花钱，花时间;spend…on sth./in doing sth;

take物做主语花时间 it takes sb st to do sth.

pay人做主语，花钱，pay for

cost物做主语，花钱

59.

join, join in, take part in

join加入某个组织，并成为其中的一员;join sb.

join in参加小型的活动

take part in 参加大型的活动

eg.He joined the army five years ago.

60.

learn, study

learn学习，侧重学习的结果

study学习，侧重学习的过程，研究

study the problem

61.

want, hope, wish

want打算，想要，want to do, want sb.to do

hope希望（通常可以实现），hope to do/ hope that…

wish希望（通常不能实现）wish (sb.) to do, wish sb/sth.+ n.

eg.I wish you success.

62.

discover, invent, find out

discover发现本来存在但不为人所知的东西

invent发明本来不存在的物体

find out发现，查明

eg.At last he found out the truth.

63.

answer, reply

answer及物动词

reply不及物动词，后接 to

eg.reply to the letter

64.

leave, leave for

leave离开,leave for前往

eg.He left Beijing for Shanghai.

65.

rob, steal

rob抢劫 rob sb.of sth.

steal偷 steal sth.from sb.

66.

shoot, shoot at

shoot射死，shoot at瞄准，但不一定射中

eg.He shot the bird and it died.

67.

drop, fall

drop及物不及物均可

fall不及物动词

eg.Prices fell/dropped.

eg.He dropped his voice.

68.

search, search for

search后接地点

search for后接东西

eg.He searched his pocket for money.

69.

used to, be used to

used to过去常常

be used to习惯于，后接sth./doing sth.；被用来，后接 do sth.

eg.He is used to getting up early.

70.

win, lose, beat

win后接sth.，反义词为lose,

beat后接sb.

eg.win the game, beat them

71.

live on, live by

live on以…为主食

live by靠…谋生

eg.live on fish/ live by fishing

72.

beat, hit, strike

beat连续性地击打

hit打中，对准打

strike打一下或若干下

eg.beat the wings

73.

meet, meet with

meet遇到，meet with体验到，遭遇到

eg.meet with an accident

74.

lose, miss

lose失去（具体的物体），错过 sth.is lost, lose the chance

miss 想念，错过sth.is missing

eg.miss the chance

75.

be tired of, be tired with/from

be tired of厌烦…

be tired with/from因为…而累了

eg.be tired with/from running 800 meters

76.

care about, care for

care about关心，计较，在乎，一般多用于否定句中

care for关心，照料，喜欢，愿意

eg.He doesn't care about his clothes.

eg.I don't care for movies.

77.

catch a cold, have a cold

catch a cold不能和表示"一段时间"的状语连用，而have a cold可以

eg.She has had a cold for a week.

78.

change for, change into

change for调换成

change into变成

eg.Change the shirt for a bigger one.

eg.Water changes into ice.

79.

continue, last

二者均为持续

continue主动，被动均可

last只能用主动

eg.The war continued/lasted five years.

eg.The story is to be continued.

80.

feed, raise

feed喂养，养活，饲养 (to give food to)

raise饲养，养育 (cause to grow, bring up children)

eg.raise the family

81.

go for a doctor, go to a doctor

go for a doctor去请医生

go to a doctor去看病

82.

notice, observe, catch sight of

notice注意到

observe观察，仔细地看

catch sight of突然看到

83.

insist on, stick to

insist on坚持要求，后常接doing

stick to坚持, 后常接sth.

eg.stick to the plan

84.

look, seem, appear

look指从外表上看 look like his father

seem指内心的判断

appear指给人以表面的印象 appear wise

85.

gather, collect

gather把分散的东西集中到一起

collect指精心地、有选择地进行收集 collect stamps

86.

mean to do, mean doing

mean to do打算，想要做某事

mean doing意思是，意味着

eg.By this I mean giving the students more practice.

87.

die from, die of

die from表示死于（枪）伤，虚弱，过度劳累饮食过度等

die of表示死于疾病，饥饿，寒冷，年老，忧愁，失恋等精神因素

eg.die of hunger and cold

88.

pay for, pay back, pay off

pay for为…付钱

pay back还钱，但不一定还清

pay off还清

eg.pay for the book, pay off the debt

89.

divide, separate

divide把一个整体分成几部分(into搭配）

separate把连在一起的个体分开（from搭配）

eg.divide the apple, separate the houses

90.

arrive, get, reach

arrive不及物动词，后接in (大地点)，at(小地点)

get不及物动词后接to

reach及物动词

eg.arrive in Beijing, get to Beijing, reach Beijing

91.

grow, plant

grow使某种植物在某地生长着或使其发展下去

plant移植，移栽已经长成秧苗的植物

eg.plant the trees, trees are growing

92.

manage, try

manage to do设法做成了某事

try to do尽力去做某事但不一定成功

eg.He tried to pass the exam, but he failed.

93.

choose, select

choose凭个人的判断力进行选择

select有目的地仔细认真地选择

eg.choose the best answer

94.

build, put up, set up, found

build一般用语，建成

put up临时搭建

set up建成（内部的设施基本齐全）

found国家或组织的建成

eg.put up a tent, set up a school

95.

be familiar to, be familiar with

be familiar to某物对某人来说是熟悉的

be familiar with某人熟悉某物

eg.The book is familiar to me.

eg.I'm familiar with the book.

96.

agree with, agree to, agree on

agree with同意某人

agree to同意某事

agree on在…上达成一致意见，主语是复数

eg.agree with you, agree to the plan

97.

throw to, throw at

throw to扔到…

throw at朝…扔

eg.He throw a stone at me.

98.

receive, accept

receive收到某一东西，但不一定接受

accept接受

eg.I received a gift, but I didn't accept it.

99.

wear, put on, dress

wear和dress表状态

wear接衣服等,可用进行时

dress接人 be dressed in,

put on表动作

eg.It's cold outside.Put on your warm clothes.

100.

listen, hear　　

listen强调动作

hear强调结果

eg.I listened, but I heard nothing.

101.

look, see, watch

look看的动作

see看的结果

watch强调所看物体的变化、移动和发展　

102.

lie, lay　　

lie躺，位于(lay, lain)

lie,说谎(lied, lied)

lay平放,摆放(laid, laid)

103.

work as, act as

work as工作是…

act as充当某种职务或身份，或扮演某种角色

eg.He works as a teacher.

eg.He acts as an interpreter.

104.

move, remove

move动一动，但不一定移走

remove从一处移到另一处

eg.remove the table to the kitchen

105.

hurt, injure, wound

hurt感情上受伤

injure事故中受伤

wound战争中受伤

eg.He was wounded in the war.

106.

turn, get, grow

turn表突变，后常接表颜色的词

get强调变的结果

grow强调过程，逐渐的变化

eg.turn yellow, get tired, grow big

107.

close, shut, turn off

close和shut当关解时可以通用，用于可开合的物体

turn off用于指有开关的物体

eg.Close/Shut the door.

eg.Turn off the TV.

108.

set out, set about, set off

指出发，着手解时，set out 后接 to do

set about 后接doing

set off 后接 for sp.

109.

begin, start

begin侧重时间的开始，反义词为end

start侧重由静到动的转折，反义词为stop

eg.Class begins at 7:30a.m.

110.

happen, take place

happen偶然性的没有预料到的事情的发生

take place必然性的发生

eg.Great changes have taken place in my hometown.

111.

at, in (表地点)　　

at小地点，in大地点

eg.arrive at a small village, arrive in Shanghai

112.

at work, in work　　

at work在工作，在上班

in work 有职业，有工作

eg.Both my parents are at work.They are not at home.

113.

increase to, increase by

increase to增长到…

increase by增长了…

eg.The number increased by 2,000 to 5,000.

114.

at ease, with ease　　

at ease舒适地，安逸地

with ease容易地，无困难地 do it with ease

115.

day after day, day by day

day after day日复一日（无变化）

day by day一天天地（有变化）

eg.Trees grow taller day by day.

116.

like, as　　

like相似关系，但并不等同

as同一关系，两者实为一体

eg.Don't treat me as a child.(In fact, I'm a child.)

117.

after, in (表时间)　　

after接时间点，in接时间段

eg.after 7:00, in five minutes

118.

between, among

between两者之间，三者或三者以上两两之间

among三者或三者以上之间

eg.Switzerland lies between France, Germany, Australia and Italy.

119.

after, behind (表位置)

after强调次序的先后

behind强调物体静态位置的前后

eg.There are many trees behind the house.

120.

since, for (完成时间状语)

since接时间点；接时间段+ago；接句子（一般过去时）

It has been + 时间段 + since + 句子

It is + 时间段 + since + 句子

for接一段时间

121.

on the corner, in the corner, at the corner

on the corner物体表面的角上

in the corner物体内部的角落里

at the corner物体外部的角落上（拐角处）

122.

warn sb.of, warn sb.against

warn sb.of提醒某人注意某事

warn sb.against提醒某人不要做某事 = warn sb.not to do sth.

eg.warn him against swimming in that part of the river

123.

at peace, in peace　　

at peace平静地

in peace和平地

eg.live in peace with one's neighbors

124.

on earth, on the earth, in the earth

on earth在世上，在人间，到底，究竟，一点也不

on the earth在地上，在地球上

in the earth在地下，在泥土里

125.

in surprise, to one's surprise, by surprise

in surprise惊奇地

to one's surprise使某人吃惊的是

by surprise使…惊慌

eg.The question took the professor by surprise.

126.

in the air, on the air, in the sky

in the air正在酝酿中

on the air播送，广播

in the sky在天空中

eg.His show is on the air at 6:00 tonight.

127.

in the field, on the field

in the field在野外

on the field在战场上

eg.He lost his life on the field.

128.

in the market, on the market

in the market表示场所或地点，在市场上

on the market出售

eg.He sells fish in the market.Fresh vegetables are on the market now.

129.

in the sun, under the sun

in the sun在阳光下

under the sun地球上，全世界 people under the sun

130.

in a voice, with one voice

in a voice出声地

with one voice异口同声地

eg.They refused with one voice.

131.

through, across　　

through穿越空间 through the forest/crowd/tunnel/city/window

across在…上穿过, swim across the river

132.

on the way, in the way

on the way在前往…的路上

in the way挡路

eg.The chair is in the way.

133.

above, on, over　　

above在上面，不接触

on在上面，接触

over在正上方 fly over the hill

134.

until, not…until

until到…为止

not…until直到…才（常跟点动词连用）

eg.I waited until 3:00.

eg.He didn't come until 3:00.

135.

besides, except, except for

besides除了…还（包括在内）= in addition to

except除了（不包括在内）

except for整体…除了某一点以外

eg.The composition is good except for a few spelling mistakes.

136.

whether, if

当是否解时，只有在宾语从句中二者可以互换，其余都用whether，当如果解时用if。（主将从现；whether+or not/ to do ,介词后+whether）

eg.I don't know if/whether he will come.If he comes, I'll let you know.

137.

and, or

and并且，or或者，否则，常用于否定句中 I don't like apples or bananas.

eg.Hurry up and you'll catch the bus.Hurry up or you'll miss the bus.

138.

because, since, as, for

原因由强到弱为：because, since/as, for

在句中的位置如下：

1)…because…

2) Since/as…, …　Since I was ill, I didn't go.

3) …, for…

139.

when, as, while (表时间)

when从句动词点动词，持续性动词均可

as重在表示动作同时发生，伴随进行

while从句动词为持续性动词

eg.While I slept, a thief broke in.

140.

the same…as, the same…that

the same…as和…一样的（相似但不同一）

the same…that 同一物体

eg.This is the same pen that I used yesterday.(同一支笔)

141.

as well, as well as

as well也，常放于句末，和and连用表示既…又

as well as并列连词，不但…而且…

eg.He is a professor, and a writer as well.

142.

such…as, such…that

such…as像…样的

such…that如此…以至于

eg.He is not such a fool as he looks like.

eg.He is such a good student that all the teachers like him.

143.

because, because of

because连词，连接两句话

because of介词短语，后接词或短语

eg.He didn't go to school because of his illness.

144.

in order that, in order to

表目的

in order that后接句子

in order to后接动词原形

eg.I got up early in order to catch the first bus.

eg.I got up early so that I could catch the first bus.

145.

for example, such as

for example一般只列举一个

such as列举多个例子

eg.I have been to a lot of American cities, such as New York, Atlanta and Chicago.

146.

used to, would

表过去常常

和现在相对应用used to，不提现在用would

eg.I used to get up early, but now I don't.

147.

All right.That's all right.That's right.

All right.That's all right.当好吧解时，可以替换

当不客气，没关系解时只能用That's all right.

That's right.那是对的

eg.---Sorry.--- That's all right.

148.

such…that, so…that

当如此…以至于解时，such…that修饰名词

so…that修饰形容词或副词

但名词前面如果有many, much, little, few修饰用so…that，不用such that

eg.so many people that… such a lovely boy=so lovely a boy

149.

so + be (have, can, do)+主语， neither(nor) + be (have, can, do)+ 主语

也一样

肯定用so…

否定用neither (nor)

eg.---I can't play tennis.---Nor can I.

150.

Shall I…? Will you…?　　

Shall I…? 征求对方意见或向对方请示，意为我能…吗？

Will you…?请求或建议对方做某事，意为你愿意…吗？

eg.Will you help me? Yes, I will.