2023年中考语法一点通 语法专题10 时态【考点精讲精练】

中考英语总复习方法指导

为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。

中考总复习一般分为三轮：

1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。

通过一轮复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法。

2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。

第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。

3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。

复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。

语法专题十、时态（必考）

时态，顾名思义，“时”就是时间，“态”就是状态或形态。注意时态是英语动词的一个语法概念。

【拓展】汉语只有时没有态。例如：我正在学习；我昨天学习；我明天要学习。这三句话里的动作发生在不同时间即“正在”、“昨天”、“明天”。而三句话里的谓语动词都是“学习”，这个动词的形态一致，没有发生改变，故汉语里的动词没有态的概念。

时态：说明一个动词的发生时间，每种时态对应一个时间段，谓语动词也要有相应的变化形式。

初中阶段会遇到八大时态，要求我们必须掌握的有六种时态（过去将来时和过去完成时很少考）：现就各种时态的概念（定义或用法）、时间状语标志词、基本结构、动词变化规则等方面进行详细讲解。

一、 一般现在时

1.概念：①表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态。I like playing basketball.

      ②表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象。The earth goes around the sun.

③在复合从句中，若主句为一般将来时，时间和条件状从常用一般现在时表将来。

       例：If it doesn’t rain, we will go to the zoo tomorrow.

2.时间标志词：always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, every day (week, month, year…), once a week, on Sundays, at weekends等等。

3.基本结构：①主语+am/is/are

            ②主语+行为动词原形/动词三单形式（do/does）

4.动词三单形式变化规则：

二、一般过去时

1.概念①表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态。 I saw him yesterday.

②表示过去经常发生的动作。Did he often walk to school last term?

2.时间标志词：three days ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last night (week, month, year…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 15, once upon a time, used to do sth（过去常常做某事）… 。

3.基本结构：①主+was/were

②主+行为动词过去时(did)

4.动词过去式（-ed）变化规则：

不规则动词过去式（外研版九上课本P159-P162）

三、一般将来时

1.概念① 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，及计划、打算做某事。

例 I am going to have a picnic this weekend.  I will come to see you tomorrow.

② 现在进行时（be+v-ing）表将来，常用于表示位置移动的动词，如，come, go, leave, start, arrive, fly等。例 I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.

2.时间标志词：in three days, tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next day (week, month, year…), soon, in the future, in 2020等等。

3.基本结构：主+am/is/are+going to+do

主+will+do

四、过去将来时

1. 概念：过去将来时，表示从过去某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或状态。
2. 结构：

① 主语+was/were going to +动原

② 主语+would+动原

（对比一般将来时be going to do； will do，过去将来时就是把be动词和will变成过去式）

例I didn’t know if he was going to come. 我不知道是否他会来。

He said he would stay with us. 他说他会和我们待在一起。

五、现在进行时

1.概念① 表示此时此刻或现阶段正在进行的动作。The girl is listening to music now.

②句中出现Look! Listen! 后面句子用进行时。

③ 表示位置移动的词，用进行时表将来，如，come, go, leave, start, arrive, fly等。

Don’t worry. He is coming soon. Look! Peter is watching TV.

2.时间标志词：now, at the moment, these days 等

3.基本结构：主+am/is/are+doing

4.动词-ing变化规则（现在分词）

常考的双写加ing的动词：shop, stop, drop, run, get, sit, dig, put, begin, swim, chat, prefer等

六、过去进行时

1.概念：表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行或持续的动作。

例 I was writing a letter to my friend at nine yesterday.

   My mom was cooking when I arrived home.

2.时间标志词：at this time yesterday, at that time, at seven yesterday, just then, those days, when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语。

3.基本结构：主+was/were+doing

七、现在完成时

1.概念：① 表示过去的动作对现在有影响:从过去开始,现在已完成或未完成;用次数表示经历或者表示到目前为止量的积累。

例Tom has just finished his homework.

   I have never been to the Great Wall.

   I have been to the Great wall three times.

   We have learned 1,000 words so far.

② 表示从过去开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，常与since, for 连用，动词用延续性动词。对since/for短语提问用how long(多久)。

例 I have lived here since 2012.  I have been here for 5 years.

区别：since+时间点；for+时间段。

since+过去某个时间点（自从……）

I have lived here since 2012.

since+时间段+ago

I have lived here since 10 years ago.

since+过去时从句

I have lived here since I moved here in 2012.

注意：短暂性动词（瞬间动词；非延续动词）可以用于完成时，但是不能与延续性的for、since连用。补充：区分动词延续不延续，可以在前面加“一直”，说得通就是延续性动词，说不通就是非延续性动词。

【拓展】常见的现在完成时非延续性性动词转延续性动词的规律如下：

（1）、用意义相同或相近的延续性动词替代。如： 

borrow→keep,   buy→have,   become →be,   get up→be up, fall ill →be ill,  

fall asleep→ be asleep,    get/catch a cold→have a cold 

（2）、用“be+形容词”替代。如： 

die→be dead,  open→be open， end/finish → be over, 

（3）、用“be+介词或副词”替代。如： 

leave→be away,  begin/start→ be on,   join→be in/be a member of,  come→be in/here,  go→be away/out/there,  reach/arrive/get to→stay/be in ,   come back→be back ,  等等。

2.时间标志词  already（已经，肯）, just（刚刚，肯）, yet（“还没”，用在否定句和疑问句）, ever(曾经), never（从不）, before（以前）, recently(最近), lately(近来)，so far（到目前为止）, in the past/last few years（在过去几年里）等。

3.基本结构：主+have/has+done

4.动词过去分词的变化规则：规则的同动词过去式，不规则的单独记（九上课本P159-P162）

5.短语辨析

have/has been in 在某地多久了（现在还在）

He has been in Shanghai for ten years.他来上海十年了。

have/has been to 曾去过某地(几次)（已经回来了）

He has been to Shanghai three times.他曾去过上海三次。（现在说话的时候不在上海）

have/has gone to 已经去了某地（还没回来）

He has gone to Shanghai and hasn’t come back yet.他已经去上海了，现在还没回来。

八、过去完成时

1.基本概念

（1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。与现在没有关系。基本结构是“had+done”。就是把现在完成时的have/has变成had，再加动词过去分词（用done来表示）。

By nine o’clock last night, we had got 200 pictures from the spaceship.

到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200 张飞船发来的图片。

（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。和现在完成时延续性表达一样，此种表达中的谓语动词要用延续性动词。

He said he had worked in that factory since 1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。

2.基本结构：主语+had+done（过去分词）

①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他.

②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他.

③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他?

肯定回答：Yes,主语+had

否定回答：No,主语+hadn't

④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句？

⑤被动语态：主语+had（hadn't)+been+过去分词+其他

中考中主要考查六大时态（除了过去将来时和过去完成时），判断时态，最重要的是结合时间状语以及语境准确判断所应使用的时态，然后确定相应时态的基本结构。

中考语法—时态专项练习

姓名____________   成绩__________

（共计50小题，每小题2分，总分100分）

1.  Each of us ________ WeChat(微信) nowadays, even the old people.

A. plays B. play C. playing D. played

2.  ﹣Wow! The music sounds wonderful!

﹣Yes. Jessie_____the violin in the next room. 

A. plays B. played C. is playing D. was playing

3.  —Where is Mr. Smith?

—He isnˈt here. He ________ Shanghai.

A. has gone to B. has been to C. have gone to D. have been to

4.  It ______ two months since I ______ my hometown.

A. was; leave B. was; left C. has been; leave D. has been; left

5.  —China's high-speed railway technology        the world now.

—That's true. It has developed rapidly over the past years.

A. led B. was leading C. is leading D. will lead

6.  —Why didn't you answer my call last night？

—I'm sorry, when you called, I_____dinner.

A. am having B. have had C. was having D. am had

7.  Last year, I ______ not ______ out because I hurt my leg.

A. can; get B. can; getting C. could; get D. could; got

8.  —Andy,what were you doing at this time yesterday afternoon？

—I ________ the film The Battle at Lake Changjin with my sister.

A. watch B. watched C. was watching D. am watching

9.  Don't leave your toys on the table, or I      them away.

A. threw B. will throw C. have thrown D. was throwing

10.  -Mike, why are you standing outdoors？

-I_____my keys. I have to wait here until my mother comes back.

A. have lost B. will lose C. had lost D. lose

11.  He      newspapers at 8：00 every evening.

A. reads B. is reading C. was reading D. has read

12.  -Your watch is really old.

-Yes, I      it since I was six.

A. have B. will have C. have had D. am having

13.  Li Lei      the school bus last Friday.

A. misses B. missed C. was missing D. has missed

14.  -Hello! May I speak to Kate？

-Sorry, she isn't in. She      ping pong outside.

A. is playing B. plays C. played D. will play

15.  - Excuse me, what is Nick doing？

- Look! He      flowers outside.

A. waters B. watered C. is watering D. has watered

16.  -Bruce        so much in the past two years.

-Yeah, he        be shy, but now he is confident and active.

A. has changed；used to B. changed；is used to

C. changed；used to D. has changed；is used to

17.  I_______a party next Saturday. I hope you can come.

A. had B. was having C. have had D. will have

18.  - You dance so well, Alice.

- Thanks. I      Chinese dance since I was 5 years old.

A. learn B. learnt C. am learning D. have learnt

19.  —Our computer is working again!

—Yes. Our IT teacher ______ it. It took him about an hour.

A. has fixed B. will fix C. is fixing D. was fixing

20.  William ​​​​​​​            six books, and all of them are bestsellers.

A. will write B. is writing C. has written D. was writing

21.  There ______ an English show this weekend. Shall we go and watch it？

A. are going to be B. was C. will be D. were

22.  —Would you like something to drink?

—No, thanks. I ______ some tea already.

A. have drunk B. was drinking C. will drink D. drink

23.  So far, the number of people using 5G mobile phones ______ a lot.

A. is increasing B. are increasing C. has increased D. have increased

24.  I saw Bob in the garden. He ______ flowers there.

A. waters B. has watered C. is watering D. was watering

25.  —What good books did you read recently？

—I ________ Tales of China since last year, and now the third time.

A. read B. am reading C. have read D. will read

26.  — Jane, I rang you up last night but nobody answered.

— Oh, I           ​​​​​​​ together with my parents walks in the park then.

A. have taken B. was taking C. were taking D. had taken

27.  —I ______ when you called me at 8: 00 last night.

—No wonder you didn't pick it up.

A. was taking a shower B. am taking a shower

C. took a shower D. take a shower

28.  We will play football if it ______ this Saturday.

A. doesn't snow B. won't snow C. isn't snowing D. didn't snow

29.  —Lily, what do you usually do after school?

—I ______ exercise with my friends.

A. do B. did C. will do D. was doing

30.  My parents and I ______ trees last Sunday.

A. plant B. will plant C. are planting D. planted

31.  Mr. Smith ______ Chinese for two years. He's much better at it now.

A. learns B. was learning C. has learned D. will learn

32.  It______．Please take an umbrella with you， Annie．

A. rains B. is raining C. rained D. was raining

33.  In the past, people didn't know that the earth ______ around the sun.

A. will move B. moved C. would move D. moves

34.  The documentary Aerial China《航拍中国》is wonderful. So far, I ______ it three times.

A. watched B. will watch C. have watched D. watch

35.  —Have you ever been to Shanghai?

—Of course. Actually, I           ​​​​​​​ there for six years, but now I live in Beijing.

A. worked B. was working C. would work D. have worked

36.  He ______ with our teacher when I saw him.

A. was talking B. talks C. has talked D. will talk

37.  —______ your homework?

—Not yet. I'll finish it in ten minutes.

A. Did you finish B. Have you finished

C. Will you finish D. Do you finish

38.  —Do you know Mount Wudang in Shiyan？

—Yes, I _________ it twice. It's fantastic.

A. had climbed B. climb C. climbed D. have climbed

39.  —Is Helen here?

—No, she isn't here. She ______ in half an hour.

A. arrives B. arrived C. will arrive D. has arrived

40.  —Is Helen here?

—No, she isnˈt here. She _______ in half an hour.

A. arrives B. arrived C. will arrive D. has arrived

41.  I joined the book club last month and I _________ five books already.

A. am reading B. have read C. will read D. read

42.  — Alice has gone out.

— Oh, has she? What time           ​​​​​​​ she ______?

A. has; gone B. will; go C. did; go D. is; going

43.  Where we should go ______ next Friday.

A. is decided B. was decided

C. will be decided D. has been decided

44.  Mid-Autumn Day usually ______ on August 15th in the lunar calendar（阴历）every year.

A. come B. comes C. is coming D. will come

45.  I ________ this bike for three years. I like it so much.

A. bought B. had C. have bought D. have had

46.  Lingling met her favourite presenter while she ______ the radio station.

A. visits B. will visit C. is visiting D. was visiting

47.  Tomorrow I'm flying to Beijing. I ________there for the following three weeks.

A. am B. have been C. will be D. was

48.  You can borrow this film—surely you ______ watching it.

A. enjoy B. enjoyed C. will enjoy D. have enjoyed

49.  —Where is mum?
—In the living room. She ______ a book at the moment.

A. was reading B. will read C. is reading D. has read

50.  He said that he ______ to Beijing the next month.

A. travel         B. would travel    C. travels