高中英语高考2 第二讲　代　词

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这是一份高中英语高考2 第二讲　代　词，共8页。
第二讲　代　词

【典题试做】　
1．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give it/running a try.
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them(they) alive.
3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using it every day.
4．(全国卷Ⅰ)On my recent visit, I held a lively threemonthold twin that had been rejected by its(it) mother.

代词在语法填空中的考查点主要为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等在语境中的运用。不定代词偶尔也会涉及。　

【典题试做】　
1．(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that/which is created for them. yourselves→themselves
2．(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. another→other
3．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain. us→me
4．(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)I had done myself homework, but I was shy. myself→my/the
5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Mr.and Mrs.Zhang all work in our school. all→both或删除all
6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)About one month after this photo was taken, I entered my second year of high school...This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days. __your→my

1．代词单复数的错用；
2．人称代词与物主代词的错用；
3．不定代词的错用；
4．代词与其所指代的对象不符。　

人称代词、物主代词、反身代词
类别
功能
第一人称
第二人称
第三人称
人称代词
主格
作主语
I
we
you
you
he
she
it
they
宾格
作宾语
me
us
you
you
him
her
it
them
物主代词
形容词性
作定语
my
our
your
your
his
her
its
their
名词性
作主、表或宾语
mine
ours
yours
yours
his
hers
its
theirs
反身代词
作宾、表或同位语
myself
our selves
yourself
yourselves
himself
herself
it self
themselves
1.人称代词的主格多作句子主语，有时用作表语；宾格多用在及物动词或介词后作宾语，也可作表语或同位语。在口语中，常用人称代词的宾格作表语。特别注意：人称代词指代的数量前后要一致。
The students must be made to understand how important each subject is to them.
必须使学生明白每门功课对他们来说多么重要。
2．形容词性物主代词相当于形容词，在句中只能作名词或动名词的前置定语，不能单独使用。名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词＋名词”，可单独作主语、表语和宾语，也可与of连用作后置定语，但不能单独作定语。
(朗文辞典)The main difference between our brains and those of monkeys is that ours are bigger.　我们的大脑和猴子的大脑之间的主要差别在于我们的要大些。
3．含有反身代词的习惯用语：
by oneself　　　　　　　　　　单独地；独自地
for oneself 亲自；为自己
devote oneself to 致力于
apply oneself to 专心致志于
enjoy oneself 过得愉快
help oneself to 随便吃；随便用
make oneself at home 不拘束
seat oneself 坐下
behave oneself 举止得体
come to oneself 恢复知觉；苏醒过来
adapt/adjust oneself to 适应于
abandon oneself to 沉迷于；放纵于
express oneself 表达自己的思想
lose oneself in(＝be lost in) 迷失
say to oneself 心里想
talk to oneself 自言自语

不定代词
1．不定代词的基本用法
each/every
each指“(两者或两者以上的人或物的)每个”，可与of短语搭配；every 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)每个”，在句中只作定语，不可与of短语搭配
both/all
both表示“两者都”；all 指“(三者或三者以上的人或物的)所有，全部”
either/neither
either表示“(两者中的)任何一个”；neither表示“两者都不”
none/nothing
no one/nobody
none指人或物，表特指，表示“(三者或三者以上中)无一个，没有一点”，可与of短语连用；nothing指物，表泛指，表示“没有任何东西，没有事”，不与of短语连用； no one/nobody 指人，表泛指，不与of短语连用
another
泛指“另一个”
other/others
other泛指“另外一些”，只作定语，常与可数名词复数连用；others泛指“其余的人或物”，相当于other＋复数名词
the other/the others
the other特指“(两者之中的)另一个”；the others＝the other＋可数名词复数
few/a few
few表示“很少人/事物”；a few表示“有些人/事物，一些”，修饰或指代复数名词
little/a little
little表示“不多的”；a little表示“少量的，一些”，修饰或指代不可数名词
many/much
many 表示“许多”，修饰或指代可数名词复数；much表示“许多”，修饰或指代不可数名词
2.不定代词用于习惯搭配中
nothing but 　　　　　仅仅；只是
anything but 决不
something of 有几分；略微
or something 诸如此类的人或物
every other day 每隔一天
each other (两者)相互
one another (三者或三者以上)相互
one...another... (三者或三者以上)一个……
另一个
one...the other... (两者中)一个……另一个……
some...others... 一些……另一些……
(四川卷)She’d lived in London and Manchester, but she liked neither and moved to Cambridge.　她曾在伦敦和曼彻斯特生活过，但是两地她都不喜欢，因此她搬到了剑桥。
(湖北卷)Even if the answer seemed a little strange, nobody but I doubted it.　尽管这个答案好像有点奇怪，但是除了我之外没人怀疑它。
(四川卷)Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.　尼基总是会有很多想法，但是就我所知，没有一个想法是有用的。
(安徽卷)This project requires close teamwork.Nothing will be achieved unless we work well together.　这个项目需要密切的合作，除非我们通力合作，否则将一事无成。
(陕西卷)To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.　为了暖和自己，那个海员坐在火堆前，两只光脚丫互相蹭着。
(福建卷)In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.　在一些国家，人们用筷子吃饭，而在另外一些国家，人们用刀叉吃饭。
■名师点津
部分否定和全部否定
(1)no one, none, nobody, nothing, not...any/either以及“no＋名词”表示全部否定；
(2)all, both, everyone/everybody/everything以及“every＋名词”与not 连用时，表示部分否定；
(3)not与总括性副词，如everywhere, always, altogether 等连用时，也表示部分否定。
While I agree with the most of what you said, I don’t agree with everything.
尽管我同意你的大部分看法，但是并不同意所有的看法。

it的用法
1．指代前面所提到过的事情、事物、想法等，也可指代不清楚或没必要知道性别的说话对象。还指代时间、地点、距离、天气、季节等。
(北京卷)The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase it.　由于当地政府(为增加就业率)所做的努力，大城市的就业率不断上升。
2．用作形式主语或形式宾语，代替不定式、动名词或从句。
(1)it作形式主语的常用句型：
①It＋be＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth.
②It is no good/use/useless doing sth.
③It’s (well) worth doing...
④It＋be＋名词词组(a pity/a fact/no wonder/...)＋that从句
⑤It＋不及物动词(词组)(seem/appear/turn out/occur to sb./...)＋that从句
⑥It＋be＋过去分词＋that从句
⑦It takes sb.time/money to do sth.
(天津卷)It is obvious to the students that they should get well prepared for their future.　对学生来说非常清楚的是他们应该为他们的将来做好准备。
(2)it作形式宾语的常用句型：
①主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make...＋it＋adj./n.＋(for/of sb.)＋to do sth./that从句
②主语＋think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...＋it＋useless/worth/worthwhile/no use/no good/a waste of time/money/energy...＋doing sth.
(山东卷)The two girls are so alike that strangers find it difficult to tell one from the other.　这两个女孩长得如此像以至于陌生人觉得很难把她们区分开。
■名师点津
it用于like, enjoy, hate, love, appreciate等表示喜欢、憎恶等情感的动词以及depend on/upon, see to等动词短语后，再接when, if, that等引导的从句。
3．含有it的常考短语和句型：
It depends.　　　　　　　　视情况而定。
Take it easy. 别着急。
believe it or not 信不信由你
make it 成功；做到；约定时间
take it for granted that... 认为……是理所当然的
as someone puts it 像某人所说的那样
When it comes to... 当涉及/谈到……
owe it to sb.that... 把……归功于某人
keep it in mind that... 把……铭记在心
It’s (high) time that sb. should do/did sth.
是某人该做某事的时候了。
It’s the first/second/...time that sb. have/has done sth.
是某人第一次/二次/……次做某事。
It is/has been...since... 自从……多久了。
It will be/was...before... 要过……时间才……
It is/was＋时间点＋when... 当……时候，时间是……
强调句型：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who...

替代词
it
特指前面提到过的同一个人或物，不带任何的修饰语
one
替代上文出现的“a/an＋单数可数名词”，表泛指，同类不同一
ones
one的复数形式，替代上文出现的复数名词，表泛指，同类不同一
that
替代上文出现的“the＋不可数名词或单数可数名词”，表特指，同类不同一。其后常跟介词短语作后置定语
those
替代上文出现的复数名词(尤其是有后置定语时)，表特指，同类不同一
We had just rented a car.It looked very old.
我们刚租了一辆车。它看起来很旧。
Mr.Zhang gave me a very valuable present, one that I have never seen.　张先生给了我一件非常有价值的礼物——一件我从来没有见过的礼物。
(浙江卷)In many ways, the education system in the US is not very different from that in the UK.　在许多方面，美国的教育制度与英国的教育制度没有很大差异。
The books on the desk are better than those under the desk.　桌子上面的书比桌子下面的书要好。

如何正确判断代词
一、通过句子成分确定填什么代词
分析句子成分，如果句中缺主语，则可填人称代词主格、指示代词、不定代词或it；如果缺宾语，则可填人称代词宾格；如果宾语与主语是指同一人，则应用反身代词。
[例]　(四川卷)On my desk is a photo that my father took of ____________when I was a baby.
[分析]　me　设空处作介词of的宾语，应用人称代词的宾格；再结合句意“我的桌子上有张我小时候父亲为我拍的照片”可知填写me。
二、通过句式结构判断是否填it
[例]　(陕西卷)I’d appreciate ________________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.
[分析]　it　句意：如果你能提前告知我你是否会来，我将不胜感激。I’d appreciate it if...为固定句型，意为“如果……，我将不胜感激”。it在该句型中作形式宾语，指代下文if从句的内容。

Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．(2020·浏阳六校联考)However, quite a few other people, especially those in the countryside, would fix a lucky date so that their marriage would have“Double Happiness”．
2．(2020·山西太原质检)In return, bookstores have improved the cultural atmosphere of shopping malls, so it is mutually beneficial to have such cooperation.
3．(2020·浙江金丽衢十二校联考)You have to drive your daughter to school yourself(you)．
4．(2020·山东师大附中模拟)Written Chinese came out in its(it) earliest form approximately 6，000 years ago.
5．(2020·襄阳调研)In the deaf culture of North America, many listeners show applause not by clapping their hands but by waving them in the air.
6．(2020·哈尔滨三中二调)Had Columbus turned back, no one could have blamed him.Of course，no one would have remembered him,__either.
7．(2020·陕西汉中一模)When I learned more about the food, I began to understand why it has this special feature.
8．(2020·咸阳模拟)There is also a growing trend towards marrying later: since 2013, the number of couples aged 25 to 29 has been greater than that of younger couples.
9．(2020·河南八市重点高中质检)For one thing, they help to broaden our horizons.For another,__most books are sold at a lower price.
10．(2020·江西六校联考)Failure is part of our life. Nobody has achieved great success without lots of failures.
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．(2020·湖北五校期中)Once you have found such true friends, do treasure him.him→them
2．(2020·安徽皖南八校联考)I would never ask much from my parents because I knew it was not easy for him to make a living. him→them
3．(2020·江西红色七校联考) At that moment, the assistant replied that it would cost myself much money to fix this watch. myself→me
4．(2020·郑州一中阶段检测)Located in Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, Wuzhen has a history of about 6，000 years.Like many small towns in the southern area, which has a lot of small bridges going over clean streams. which→it
5．(2020·莆田质检)We all liked this activity which gave me relaxation from heavy schoolwork and promoted our friendship. me→us
6．(2020·江西红色七校联考) It has been a long time since I did anything good for the environment.anything→something
7．(2020·银川一中模拟)I don’t think this is a good idea to travel a lot and visit as many places as possible.this→it
8．(2020·咸阳模拟)Just then, a little dog lay at my feet quietly.I asked，“Am I supposed to touch them？” them→it
9．(2020·吉林一模)The weather was much hotter than in my hometown, but I got used to it and felt at home. 在than后加that
10．(2020·哈尔滨三中一模)I think someone should be concerned about our environment and take an active part in improving it. someone→everyone