人教版 (2019)必修 第一册Unit 4 Natural disasters随堂练习题

UNIT 4　NATURAL DISASTERS

Section A　Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking

A级 必备知识基础练

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.Nearly one 　　　　　　(three) of the nation felt the earthquake at that time. 

2.In his life he set an example of bravery and 　　　　　　(wise) for others. 

3.Adults understand what it feels like to be 　　　　　　(flood) with objects. 

4.To enjoy themselves,the children decided 　　　　　　(slide) the grassy slope. 

5.Firemen have to break the door down to reach the people 　　　　　　(trap) inside. 

6.　　　　　　　　　　　　(rescue) the drowning boy,the soldier jumped into the lake without hesitation. 

7.The number of applicants for the course 　　　　　　(have) been increasing in recent years. 

8.The people in the earthquake-stricken area are in need of food,medicine and 　　　　　　(shelter). 

Ⅱ.短语填空

do damage to,come to an end,as usual,blow away,get away from,provide ... with,dig out,in shock,suffer from,in ruins

1.Although I got up with a headache,I went to work 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

2.Soon a strong wind passed through and 　　　　　　　　　　　　the clouds in the sky. 

3.Two hours later,the sailors 　　　　　　　　　　　　the sinking ship on a little boat. 

4.The treasure which was 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　of the earth was a box of gold coins. 

5.He was still 　　　　　　　　　　　　from what had happened earlier in the afternoon. 

6.Looking at the sun directly without dark glasses can 　　　　　　　　　　your eyes. 

7.The long cruel winter 　　　　　　　　　　at last and a gentle warm spring was coming. 

8.They 　　　　　　　　　　　　health problems and fear the long-term effects of radiation. 

9.After the heavy flood two months ago,the whole village was left 　　　　　　　　　　　　. 

10.They promised that they would 　　　　　　the workers 　　　　　　technical support. 

Ⅲ.翻译句子

1.这道数学题太难了,我自己做不出来。(too...to...)

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2.那个男孩有点害怕,因此他让灯整个晚上都亮着。(have...doing)

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3.天气这么暖和,看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(It looks as if...)

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4.他们无论到什么地方都会受到热烈的欢迎。(everywhere引导的状语从句)

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5.他毕业后不久,就到了一个学校教英语。(soon after)

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6.我喜欢早晨锻炼,因为空气呼吸起来很新鲜。(sth.is +adj. to do)

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B级 能力素养提升练

Ⅳ.阅读理解

A

(2022·上海延安中学期末)

Nobody expects a natural disaster to strike.Neither does anyone know the impact it can have on life.The following measures can save your life in an emergency.

Typhoon

Typhoons occur in the northwestern Pacific Ocean,particularly in exposed regions like the Caroline Islands,the Philippines,and Japan.The best place to hide during a typhoon is a secure basement or a bathroom with no windows.A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio,through which you will hear evacuation orders or in other cases,instructions on how to survive in your shelter and learn about the weather situation.

Flood

Floods occur more often than any other natural disaster and change the landscape dramatically.They are usually caused by intense rainfalls lasting for days.Don’t try to be the bravest person around and stay in your house.Once you hear the evacuation warning,leave for safer higher grounds with your important papers in a waterproof container.

Avalanche

An avalanche can hit when you are enjoying Alpine skiing in a dreamlike location.It is very fast and disastrous,burying everything in its way under tons of snow.When an avalanche starts,try to move to the side of the slope as fast as you can.If you get buried in the snow,dig an air pocket to be able to keep breathing.Wait for the rescue team to find you and don’t waste your energy shouting or digging frantically.Call out when you hear the team approaching.

Wildfire

Wildfires spread at an amazing speed and destroy everything in their way.If you are caught in a wild fire,use a wet cloth to cover your nose and mouth to ensure that you can breathe.Try to stay upwind of the fire at all times and get close to a pond or river.Stay low and cover yourself with wet clothing,a blanket,or soil until the fire passes.

1.Among the four natural disasters,which one requires people to hide indoors?

A.Typhoon.　　　　　B.Flood.

C.Avalanche. D.Wildfire.

2.What should those trapped in typhoons probably do when they hear the evacuation orders?

A.Get to a basement or windowless bathroom.

B.Find something solid to hide under.

C.Leave the place where they are.

D.Get a torch in case of a blackout.

3.What do we know from the text?

A.Typhoons occur only in the exposed regions in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

B.Floods cause the most frequent damage among the disasters mentioned.

C.Those who meet with avalanches are advised to call out the minute they’re trapped.

D.Getting clean air matters most in the case of wildfires,despite the difficulty.

B

(2021·山东枣庄高一期中)

Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had been,Peter Ruprecht admitted that he was not sure how or when to rebuild.He was still shocked by what Australia’s increasingly changeable climate had already delivered:first a drought,then a destructive bush fire,then a foot of rain from a storm.

“It’s unstoppable,” said Mr.Ruprecht,a former dairy farmer.“We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature,but nature can also be vicious and wild and unforgiving.”

Australia’s’ hellish(地狱的)fire season has eased(缓和),but its people are facing more than a single disaster.With floods destroying homes not far from where fires recently spread,they are facing a cycle of what scientists call “compound extremes”:one climate disaster strengthening the next.

Warmer temperatures do more than just dry out the land.They also heat up the atmosphere,which means clouds hold more moisture(水汽)for longer periods of time.So droughts get worse,giving way to fires,then to heavy rains that the land is too dry to absorb.

Many Australians in disaster zones complain that their government,after ignoring climate change for years,has not yet to draw up recovery plans that are clear and that take future threats into account.

At the same time,the economic costs of a changing climate are rising quickly.Philip Lowe,the governor of the Reserve Bank of Australia,warned recently that Australia was already paying a price,and that it would only go up.

4.Why is Peter Ruprecht mentioned in the beginning?

A.To arouse readers’ pity.

B.To introduce the topic.

C.To stress the problem.

D.To call on readers to help.

5.Which word can replace the underlined word “vicious” in paragraph 2?

A.Grateful. B.Advanced.

C.Responsible. D.Cruel.

6.What is the main cause of “compound extremes” in Australia?

A.Government inaction.

B.Warmer temperature.

C.The lack of money.

D.No recovery plans.

7.Where is the text probably from?

A.A guidebook. B.A travel journal.

C.A news report. D.A book review.

Ⅴ.七选五

(2022·山东泰安高一期末)

Even when natural disasters happen far away,we feel for the people who are going through them.It can be more stressful if they happen close to home or affect people you know.　1　 It’s also good to find a way to help.When you turn your feelings into action,you can do something that matters. 

You can find out what kind of help people need on the Internet.Check the website of groups like the Red Cross.　2　 You can join in to support their efforts. 

　3　 More people-power means more help for those who need it.You could decide to do something as a family.Or you could do something at school,or with people in a community you belong to. 

Plan what you’ll do,and make it happen.For example,if you plan to collect supplies,you need to post a list of what to bring and when and where to drop it off.After the event,you’ll need to decide how to group the things and send them to the charity.　4　  

No matter which way you choose,your action helps others.　5　 Giving is good for you,too.Maybe you find a new interest in helping or service.Think about what it meant to you.You’ll notice how good it feels to be part of something that matters and to know you can make a difference in someone’s life. 

A.Work out all the steps.

B.It’s good to plan a fundraiser event.

C.You can also get others to join you.

D.It’s good to talk about what’s going on.

E.You can also talk about your plan with others.

F.Even small acts of kindness and giving have an effect.

G.They know what people need most and the best ways to help.

Ⅵ.语篇填空

Earthquakes are quite common.In fact,thousands of earthquakes 1.　　　　　　　　 (happen) almost at every moment.2.　　　　　,most of them are too weak to feel.During a big earthquake,there is often a big noise first.Then the earth shakes 3.　　　　　 (terrible) and many houses fall down. 

As one of the most deadly 4.　　　　　 (nature) disasters in the world,earthquakes often result in many people being injured or killed.In 2008,a severe earthquake hit China’s Sichuan Province,5.　　　　　 (kill) lots of people there. 

Besides the great damage and 6.　　　　　 (death) caused by the earthquake,other accidents such 7.　　　　　 fires often follow.More buildings may be damaged and more 8.　　　　　(injure) may be caused.For centuries,people 9.　　　　　 (be) making studies of earthquakes.It’s said that about 2,000 years ago,for example,someone invented a machine which could find out the direction 10.　　　　 the earthquake waves came. 

Section A　Listening and Speaking & Reading and Thinking

Ⅰ.1.third　2.wisdom　3.flooded　4.to slide　5.trapped　6.To rescue　7.has　8.shelters

Ⅱ.1.as usual　2.blew away　3.got away from　4.dug out

5.in shock　6.do damage to　7.came to an end　8.suffer from　9.in ruins　10.provide;with

Ⅲ.1.The math problem is too difficult for me to work out all by myself.

2.The boy was afraid,so he had the light burning all night long.

3.It is so warm that it looks as if it were spring already.

4.Everywhere they went,they received warm welcome.

5.Soon after he graduated,he went to teach English in a school.

6.I like to work out in the morning,because the air is so fresh to breathe.

Ⅳ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了台风、洪水、雪崩和野火发生时的一些急救措施。

1.A　细节理解题。根据Typhoon部分中“The best place to hide during a typhoon is a secure basement or a bathroom with no windows.”可知,台风来临时要求人们待在室内。

2.C　推理判断题。根据Typhoon部分中“A must-have device is a battery-powered weather radio,through which you will hear evacuation orders or in other cases,instructions on how to survive in your shelter and learn about the weather situation.”可知,当他们听到疏散命令时,那些被困在台风中的人可能离开他们所在的地方。

3.B　细节理解题。根据Flood部分中“Floods occur more often than any other natural disaster and change the landscape dramatically.”可知,在上述灾害中,洪水造成的破坏最为频繁。

【语篇解读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚一系列极端气候灾害,包括它的成因、危害及造成的经济成本等。

4.B　推理判断题。根据第一段的“Standing on the ruins after the fire where his house had been,Peter Ruprecht admitted that he was not sure how or when to rebuild...”可知,文章开始提到Peter Ruprecht站在灾难后的废墟上以及说的话都是为了引出话题:澳大利亚的气候灾难。

5.D　词义猜测题。根据第二段中的“‘We speak about the warmth of Mother Nature,but nature can also be vicious and wild and unforgiving.’”中的warmth及转折连词but,wild及并列连词and可知,画线词vicious应为“残酷的,野蛮的”之意,cruel符合题意。

6.B　细节理解题。根据第四段可知,温度升高导致了这种极端情况的发生。

7.C　推理判断题。全文描述了澳大利亚的极端气候灾难,它的成因、危害以及造成的经济成本等,属于实时报道。所以,该文章应出自一篇新闻报道。

Ⅴ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了个人帮助受灾群众的方法和措施。

1.B　根据下文“It’s also good to find a way to help.”中的also可知,空格处句式与此句相同。选项B“计划一个筹款活动是很好的。”切合文意。

2.G　根据上文 “Check the website of groups like the Red Cross.”和下文“You can join in to support their efforts.”可知,G项“他们知道人们最需要什么和最好的帮助方式。”可承接上下文。

3.C　根据下文“More people-power means more help for those who need it.”可知,此处是指团结其他人的力量帮助受灾群众,所以选项C“你也可以让其他人加入你。”切合文意。

4.E　上文 “Plan what you’ll do,and make it happen.”中的Plan对应选项E中的your plan,also表示并列关系。所以选项E切合文意。故选E项。

5.F　上文的“No matter which way”对应选项F中的Even,下文“Giving is good for you,too.”对应选项F中的giving,too表示空格处和下文的并列关系。所以选项F“即使是很小的善举和给予也会产生效果”符合语境。

Ⅵ.1.are happening　2.However　3.terribly　4.natural

5.killing　6.deaths　7.as　8.injuries　9.have been　10.where