中考英语一轮复习【讲通练透】考点03 数词和主谓一致

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中考英语总复习方法指导
中考英语考点一遍过为了帮助考生更好的冲刺中考英语，从命题趋势、易错警示、方法技巧、跟踪训练、真题再现等几个方面帮孩子更准、更快、更有效的复习。
中考总复习一般分为三轮：
1、第一轮复习为基础知识的单元、章节复习。
通过第一轮的复习，使学生系统掌握基础知识、基本技能和方法，形成明晰的知识网络和稳定的知识框架。我们从双基入手，紧扣中考知识点来组织单元过关。
2、第二轮复习打破章节界限实行大单元、小综合、专题式复习。
第二轮复习绝不是第一轮复习的压缩文档，而是一个知识点综合、巩固、完善、提高的过程。复习的主要任务及目标是：完成各部分知识的条 理，归纳，糅合，使各部分知识成为一个有机的整体，力求实现基础知识重点化，重点知识网络化，网络知识题型化，题型设计生活化。
3、第三轮复习是知识、能力深化巩固的阶段。
复习资料的组织以中考题及模拟题为主，回扣教材，查缺补漏，进行强化训练。同时，要教给学生一些必备的应试技巧和方法，使学生有足够的自信从容地面对中考。


【讲通练透】考点03 数词和主谓一致
一、数词
命题趋势：
数词是历年各省市中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用数词的能力。
中考考查重点：
1. 基数词；
2. 序数词；
3. 分数。
数词的分类：数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目的多少。序数词表示事物的先后顺序，往往与定冠词the连用。
考向一：基数词的构成
(1)0—12单独记。如： zero, one, two, three等。
(2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如：fourteen, seventeen等，但13—thirteen，15—fifteen，18—eighteen需要特殊记。
(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。
20—twenty，30—thirty，40—forty，50—fifty，80—eighty等。
(4)＂几十几＂要加连字符号＂-＂。
48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。
(5)＂几百几十＂或者＂几百几十几＂在＂百＂后加and。
156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。
(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律：用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号，第一个逗号读作thousand(千)，第二个逗号读作million(百万)，第三个逗号读作billion(十亿)，hundred后莫忘＂and＂。
3,610＝three thousand six hundred and ten；
94,295＝ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five；
考向二：序数词的构成
first 1st
second 2nd
third 3rd
fourth 4th
fifth 5th
sixth 6th
seventh 7th
eighth 8th
ninth 9th
tenth 10th
eleventh 11th
twelfth 12th
thirteenth 13th
fourteenth 14th
fifteenth 15th
sixteenth 16th
seventeenth 17th
eighteenth 18th
nineteenth 19th
twentieth 20th
twenty-first 21st
twenty-second 22nd
thirtieth 30th
fortieth 40th
fiftieth 50th
sixtieth 60th
seventieth 70th
eightieth 80th
ninetieth 90th
hundredth 100th
one hundred and first 101st
(1)＂第一＂、＂第二＂、＂第三＂分别是first, second, third。
(2)＂第四＂到＂第十九＂除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼写外，其余的都在相应基数词后面加
＂th＂构成。如：fourth。
(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i，再加＂-eth＂。如：thirty→thirtieth; fifty→fiftieth。
(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百万millionth。
(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时，只变化个位数。如：twenty-one→twenty-first; one hundred and one→one hundred and first。

基数词变序数词记忆口诀
基变序，有规律，词尾加上-th。
一，二，三，特殊记，词尾字母t，d，d。
八去t，九除e，ve要用f替，ty将y变成i，th前面有个e。
若是碰到几十几，前用基来后用序。
整十基数变序数，先把ty变成tie，要是遇上两位数，十位基数，个位序，th最后加上去。
考向三：分数的表达法
分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。
►1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths
【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法：
►a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourth 四分之三

英语分数巧记
英语分数不费事，＂母序子基＂四个字。
分子若是大于一，分母还须加-s。

【典例】
（2021·四川乐山市·中考真题）— Our school is going to hold the ______ Culture Festival.
—I see. And we can take part in the activity again.
A．five B．fifth C．fifths
考向四：数词和主谓一致
1. 就近一致原则。2. 意义一致原则。3. 语法一致原则。
【典例】
（2021·广西玉林·中考真题）—Susan, how many women teachers are there in your school?
—In our school, _______of the teachers _______ women teachers.
A．third fourth; are B．third fourth; is C．three fourths; is D．three fourths; are
主谓一致记忆口诀
单单复复最常见，集体名词谓用单。如若强调其成员，复数谓语记心间。
有些名词谓常复，牛人警察和船员。主语单数后接介，谓语单数介无关。
主语从句非谓语，many a再加more than one，谓语动词均用单。
or，nor，but also，there be，近主原则挂嘴边。主语neither，either，one，谓语总是用三单。
主语虽有and连，and后面没有冠，仅指一人或一事，谓语仍然是单三。
时间、价值度量衡，谓语常作单数看。no，each，every后用单，两件/种事物/情系一概念。

二、主谓一致
命题趋势：
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。对于主谓一致的考查，主要集中在单项选择、完形填空、汉译英及其它类型的填空题中。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。
中考考查重点：
主谓一致的三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。
考向一：主谓一致的三个原则
1. 意义一致
意义一致就是根据句子主语的意义来确定谓语动词的单复数。如：
Maths is difficult for us. 数学对我们来说很难。
The police are trying to search for the thief on the hill. 警察们正在山上尽力搜查小偷。
【典例】（2021·黑龙江大庆·中考真题）Look! Julia as well as her sisters ________ a kite on the playground.
A．fly B．flies C．is flying D．are flying
2. 语法一致
语法一致即单数主语要用单数谓语动词，复数主语要用复数谓语动词。如：
My bike is under the tree. 我的自行车在树下。
These books are old. 这些书是旧的。
【典例】（2021·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）This pair of socks _________ soft. I’ll take _________.
A．feel; it B．feels; it C．feels; them
3. 就近原则
就近原则即当主语被某些连词(短语)连接时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的词保持一致。
Either my father or brother is coming. 我父亲来，要不然就是我弟弟来。
Not only you but also they are good students. 不仅你是好学生，而且他们也是好学生。
【典例】（2021·四川凉山·中考真题）—I often see Peter’s father play basketball on my way to school.
—That’s not strange. Not only Peter but also his father ________ sports.
A．enjoy B．enjoys C．enjoyed D．was enjoyed
【知识归纳】

含义
例句
语法一致
指的是主语为单数形式时，谓语动词使用单数形式，主语如果为复数形式，那么谓语动词也使用复数形式。
Tom is a good student.汤姆是个好学生。
They often play football on the playground.他们经常在操场上踢足球。
意义一致
又称为概念一致原则，指的是谓语动词的单复数取决于主语所表达单复数意义，而不取决于表面上的语法联系。
My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。
Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。
就近一致
又称为近邻一致原则，指的是主语由两个或两个以上的名词或代词构成，谓语动词的单复数形式应与紧邻的名词或代词保持一致。
Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。
There is a pen and some books on the desk.课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。
考向二：并列结构作主语
由and或both... and连接两个名词、代词作主语，表示不同的人或事物时，句子的谓语用复数。
John and Mike are good friends. 约翰和迈克是好朋友。
Both bread and milk are good for you. 面包和牛奶对你都有好处。
【注意】and连接的两个名词作主语，在意义上指同一人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。
The famous singer and dancer is coming to Chongqing. 那位著名的歌唱家兼舞蹈家要来重庆。
考向三：＂名词+介词短语＂作主语
名词或代词后接as well as，with，along with，together with，except，but等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。
She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。
He with his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。
Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。
考向四：不定代词作主语
1. 当作主语的名词前有each，neither，either，every修饰或each，neither，either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。
Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。
Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都没有和他在一起。
Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。
2. 当复合不定代词someone，anyone，somebody，anybody，nobody，everybody，something，anything，nothing，everything等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。
Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗？
Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出故障了。
Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。
【典例】（2021·江苏淮安·中考真题）Both Sandy and Millie ________ interested in cooking. They often learn to cook at weekends.
A．am B．is C．are D．be
考向五：There be和Here be的就近原则
There be和Here be 结构后面接并列名词时，谓语动词be均应与最近的名词在数上保持一致。
There is a pen，a pencil，a knife and three books on the desk. 书桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔，一把刀和三本书。
Here are some flowers and a card. 这里有一些花和一张卡片。
【典例】（2021·吉林长春·中考真题）There __________ two people waiting for you outside now.
A．is B．are C．was D．were
考向六：特殊名词作主语
1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。
The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。(国名)
Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。(人名)
2. ＂the+形容词＂作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。
The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。
The old are supposed to be spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。
3. 以-s结尾的学科名词，如maths，physics，politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如news，plastics等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。
Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。
The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。
4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese，Japanese，sheep，deer等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。
A Chinese wants to see you. 一个中国人想见你。
Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有10只绵羊在吃草。
【注意】Chinese，Japanese，English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。
考向七：表数量概念的词或短语作主语
1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。
Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。
Ten dollars is enough. 10美元就够了。
100 kilometers is a long way. 100千米是一段很长的路。
2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。
Two and two is/are four. 2加2等于4。
Six times one is/are six. 6乘以1等于6。
3. ＂many a/more than one+单数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。
Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。
4. ＂one and a half+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语用单数。
One and a half days is all I can spare. 一天半是我所能支配的全部时间。
One and a half pears is left on the plate. 一个半梨被留在盘子里。
5. the rest of... 短语作主语时，如果of后接复数名词，谓语用复数；如果of后接不可数名词，谓语用单数。
The rest of the bikes are on sale. 余下的自行车降价出售。
The rest of the bread is gone. 剩余的面包不见了。
6. ＂none of+复数名词＂作主语时，谓语动词既可以用单数也可以用复数。
None of the dogs was/were there. 那儿没有狗。
7. ＂a number of+名词复数＂表示＂许多/大量的……＂，其后的谓语动词用复数；＂the number of+名词复数＂表示＂……的数量＂，其中心词为number，故谓语动词用单数。
A number of farmers are standing over there. 许多农民站在那边。
The number of the students in this school has reached over 2，000. 这所学校的学生数量已达到2 000多人。
8. ＂a lot of/lots of/plenty of+名词＂作主语，谓语动词由of后的名词来确定。如果of后是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；如果of后是复数名词，谓语动词用复数。
A lot of time is needed. 需要大量的时间。
Plenty of workers are working. 许多工人在工作。
考向八：动名词、不定式和从句作主语
动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语一般用单数。
Doing morning exercises is good for your body. 做早操对你的身体有益。
To play with fire near a gas station is very dangerous. 在加油站附近玩火很危险。
What he said at the meeting is very important. 他在会上的发言很重要。
【典例】（2021·湖北恩施·中考真题）Thanks to the use of 5G technology, ways of communication ______ a lot.
A．improves B．has improved C．have improved
【辨析】
其他情况
例句
and连接并列主语时，谓语动词常常使用复数；但是and连接的并列主语指同一人、同一物时，谓语使用单数。
The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了(作家和教师指同一个人)
The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人)
＂单数名词或代词+名词或代词+but/besides/except/including/like/with/along with/as well as /rather than/such as/together with+名词或代词作主语，谓语使用单数形式，如果之前的名词或代词是复数，则谓语使用复数。
Mike with his father has been to England.迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。
Mike, like his brother，enjoys playing football. 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。
＂the number of+复数名词＂作主语谓语用单数; ＂a(good/large) number of+复数名词＂作主语，谓语动词用复数。
The number of the students is over eight hundred. 学生人数超过八百。
A number of teachers are present today，and the number of them is 500. 许多教师今天都出席了，有500人。
由两个相同部分组成的一个整体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，如chopsticks，glasses，shoes，socks，stockings, trousers, boots等。若此类名词被＂a kind of/a pair of’’修饰时，谓语动词用单数。
The scissors are on the shelf next to the cupboard. 剪刀在橱柜旁边的架子上。
A pair of glasses costs quite a lot these days. 近些天，眼镜的售价很高。
当not only... but also...，not... but...，or，either... or….，neither... nor...等连接并列主语时，以及在there be句型中，谓语动词的单复数形式采用就近一致原则。
Neither Jack and I have seen this film.杰克和我都没有看过这部电影
Either you or he is to attend the meeting tomorrow.或者是你或者是他去参加明天的会议。
某些集体名词，如class, club, family, team, group等，作主语时，谓语动词采用意义一致原则，即依据名词的具体含义来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。
The company has grown rapidly in the last five years.这家公司五年来迅速发展壮大。
The family are celebrating Thanksgiving in this picture.在这张相片里，全家人正在庆祝感恩节。
【知识拓展】
如果这一类集体名词作为一个整体看待时，谓语动词使用单数形式，如果这一类词指的是具体成员，则谓语动词应该使用复数形式。

谓语动词只用单数的情况
主语抽象表单一，集体名词整体看；
and连接两名词，或人或物不可分；
every，each以及no，并用and连名词；
三＂e＂neither不定代，所构合成正式单；
news，means，works，貌似复数实则单；
还有ics结尾学科词，国，书，剧名兼格言；
时重长度与价值，主单不受随行控；
many，more than连单数，名词数量一个半，谓语单数不多看。

谓语动词可单可复的语法原则
可单可复有8类，集体名词一大类，
看作整体用单数，个体单看用复数；
不定代词疑问词，部分、半数及剩余，
这些作主看内容，该单该复看含义；
The加分词形容词，指人一定是复数，
若与分词指抽象，仍用单数莫迟疑；
one of引导定从句，修饰复数是真的，
若有the only在前头，从句指的是单一；
人口数目与比例，大多、种类作主语；
许多、分数、百分数，是单是复看意义；四则运算很随意。

谓语动词用复数的情况
人们加警察，家禽并牛群，常作复数没问题；
服装鞋袜及手套，自然全是用复数。


I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1．Neither I nor my twin sister ________ (be) to Shanghai Disneyland Park. How we wish to go there in the coming holiday!
2．My brother ________ (learn) French in the past three years.
3．I’m surprised to find that the price of bread ________ (rise) by 15% recently.
4．Not only Peter but also I ________ (offer) a well-paid job because of our hard work last month.
5．It’s my _________(four) time to visit Qingyan Park .
6．Tom’s grandpa began to learn English in his ____ . (sixty)
7．Zhejiang starts to issue souvenir medals for the celebration of the ________ (seventy) birthday of the people’s Republic of China.
8．The gravity on Mars is only about three ________ (eight) of that on the Earth.
9．There are _________(million)of trees on the mountain.
10．This is her ______ (two) time to come to China.
II. 单项选择。
11．They have done ________ of the work. They will finish the rest soon.
A．two three B．two third C．two thirds D．second three
12．— More than ________ of the students in our school ________ boys.
— That’s really a great number.
A．two thirds; are B．two thirds; is C．second thirds; are
13．—How old is your daughter?
—_________. We had a party for her _________ birthday last Saturday.
A．Twelve; twelfth              B．Twelfth; twelve              C．Twelve; twelve
14．The Three Gorges Dam produces electricity for ________ people in China.
A．million of B．two millions C．millions of D．two millions of
15．The building has ________ floors and our classroom is on the ________ floor.
A．three; 3th B．third; three C．three; third
16．She ________ her mother with the housework the whole afternoon last Sunday.
A．were helping B．helps C．was helping D．is helping
17．One of my friends ________ from Fuzhou.
A．is B．are C．come D．am
18．Not only all the students but also the teacher ________going to the zoo tomorrow.
A．are B．is C．were
19．Not only you but also I ________afraid of the dark.
A．am B．are C．is D．be
20．Knife and fork ________ always seen on the Western tables when you drop by your foreign friends’ houses.
A．is B．are C．be

1．（2021·内蒙古兴安盟·中考真题）The Communist Party of China is 100 years old this year. We will celebrate her ________ birthday on July 1st.
A．hundred B．the hundred C．hundredth D．the hundredth
2．（2021·青海西宁·中考真题）—I like number “9” best, because I think it stands for “long lasting”.
—Me too. So I chose ________ floor to live on.
A．nine B．ninth C．the ninth D．nineteen
3．（2021·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题）Here’s a survey among 1,000 students from a middle school about their hobbies. According to the form below, students like doing sports.
Hobbies
Riding bikes
Reading books
Listening to music
Playing tennis
Percentage(百分比)
10%
25%
20%
?

A．450 B．550 C．350
4．（2021·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—How many students in your class get to school on foot?
—About ________ of them do.
A．three fifths B．two third C．first four D．one seconds
5．（2021·辽宁鞍山·中考真题）—We should try to devote（献身于）ourselves to our country like Yuan Longping.
—I think so. He still worked on the research into agriculture（农业）at the age of ________.
A．eighties B．eightieth C．eighty D．eighty-year-old
6．（2021·辽宁营口·中考真题）He got ________ birthday cakes on his ________ birthday.
A．second；fifteen B．two；fifteen C．second；fifteenth D．two；fifteenth
7．（2021·湖北黄冈·中考真题）— Excuse me, where’s the library?
— Go along this road, and turn right at ________ crossing. It is on your left.
A．one B．the one C．first D．the first
8．（2021·贵州黔东南·中考真题）About ________ of the students in Kaili ________ to school boy bus.
A．two fifth；go B．two fifths；go C．two fifth；goes D．two fifths；goes
9．（2021·黑龙江虎林·中考真题） ________ of the land is covered with forests.
A．Three quarter B．Three quarters C．Third quarters
10．（2021·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）Fresh water ________ more important than anything else.
A．is B．are C．was
11．（2021·广西河池·中考真题）Not only Peter but also his father ________ crazy about the basketball match.
A．am B．is C．are D．be
12．（2021·广西河池·中考真题）There ________ a concert in our school hall next week.
A．is B．was C．will be D．will have
13．（2021·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）—________ you ________ to Jim’s birthday party last night?
—Yes, I was. But I was too busy to be there.
A．Did; invited B．Were; invite C．Was; invited D．Were; invited
14．（2021·贵州贵阳·中考真题）Volunteering our time to help people __________ a good way to learn new things.
A．am B．is C．are
15．（2021·四川遂宁·中考真题）The number of the whales ________ smaller and smaller because of human activities now.
A．were B．was C．is D．are

1．（2021·江苏·滨海县第一初级中学一模）________ visitors came to take photos of the flowers during the vocation.
A．Five thousands B．Five thousand of C．Thousand of D．Thousands of
2．（2021·江苏·盐城市初级中学一模）The students in my school sent _______ books to a mountain village school last month.
A．two thousands of B．two thousand of C．two thousand D．two thousands
3．（2021·云南丽江·一模）Look! ________ of students are still running on the playground.
A．Two fifth B．Two-fifth C．Two fifths D．Fifth two
4．（2021·甘肃·永昌县第五中学二模）Don’t worry. It’s 4:45. We still have time.
A．fifteen past four B．fifteen past five C．a quarter to five D．a quarter to four
5．（2021·云南陆良·一模）I think ________ should be responsible for themselves and study harder to achieve their dreams.
A．sixteen-year-old B．sixteen-year-olds C．sixteen years D．sixteen-year
6．（2021·青海·海东市教育研究室一模）There are fifty students in our class, and ________ of us like football.
A．two third B．two thirds C．two three
7．（2021·江苏泰兴·一模）—Could you tell me when Max began to do business?
—Sure. He began to do business when he was ________ and has earned 2.56 ________ yuan so far.
A．in his thirties; billion B．in the thirties; billions of
C．over thirty; billions of D．at the age of thirty; billion
8．（2021·甘肃酒泉·一模）Nowadays, ________ people like HUA WEI phones, about ________ of them are adults.
A．the number of; four-fifths B．a number of; four-fifth
C．a number of; four-fifths D．the number of; four-five
9．（2021·内蒙古·呼和浩特市回民区教育局教科研室二模）There ________ a number of good students in Hope Middle School and they seldom _______ today’s work till tomorrow.
A．is；put away B．is； put off C．are；put away D．are；put off
10．（2021·天津红桥·三模）—What did Miss. Zhang say just now?
—She said that the earth round the sun.
A．go B．goes C．going D．will go
11．（2021·山东桓台·二模）I don’t know if he ________ tomorrow. If he ________, I will tell you.
A．will come; comes B．comes; will come C．comes; comes D．will come; will come
12．（2021·四川恩阳·一模）Nobody except you _________ late for the meeting yesterday afternoon.
A．were B．was C．is D．are
13．（2021·四川恩阳·一模）_________ of the desert in that district _________ covered with trees and grass.
A．Two-thirds; have been B．Two-thirds; has been
C．Two-thirds; have D．Two-thirds; has
14．（2021·吉林·乾安县教师进修学校一模）In China, millions of tons chicken ________ each year.
A．eat B．was eaten C．ate D．were eaten
15．（2021·新疆乌鲁木齐·一模）The documentary named Du Fu explains why his works ________ well-known for centuries.
A．was B．were C．have been D．had been