2023届山东省济宁市高三下学期高考模拟考试（一模）英语试题含答案

2023届山东省济宁市高考一模

英语试题

一、阅读理解

“I was sleeping on the street for nine days. If it weren’t for Crisis, I might have died,” said Eddie, who was a chef for years, working in luxurious hotels in London. He lost his job and his health declined. He spent all his savings on rent and was forced to leave his home when they ran out.

He stayed with a friend, but it was crowded, and his friend eventually asked him to leave. Eddie found out about Crisis by chance and was referred to a Crisis at Christmas hotel.

Eddie was given a Crisis coach, who supported him in finding somewhere to live and he was given a phone, which he used to look for work. Eddie is settled in his new home. His health condition is much better and he is looking forward to the future.

Right now thousands of people at the sharp end of poverty are being pushed into homelessness. People are being left with no options than to go without basics like food, heating or keeping a roof over their heads.

Please donate today to end someone’s homelessness and support to leave homelessness behind for good.

·£10 monthly could provide a warm welcome and help someone take their first stepsout of homelessness.

·£32 monthly could help fund one-to-one specialist coaching in housing, benefits, well-being and work.

·£64 monthly could help fund one of our support workers to assist someone trapped in temporary accommodation in looking for affordable and settled housing.

·£100 monthly could buy a household starter kit, filled with essentials someone might not be able to afford, to help them settle into their new home.

Please search ‘Crisis at Christmas’ to make your donation. Here is how:

0800 999 2060            Room 006, Freepost, Crisis at Christmas             Scan the QR code

 with your phone

camera to donate

1．What is Crisis at Christmas?

A．A hotel. B．A health center.

C．An employment agency. D．A charity organization.

2．What difference can you make to a beneficiary with a donation of £32 monthly?

A．Helping rent a luxurious house.

B．Helping throw a welcome party.

C．Helping buy household necessities.

D．Helping get personalized guidance.

3．How many ways are there to make a donation?

A．One. B．Two. C．Three. D．Four.

Bard, Kinetic (Coffee House Press, 2023) by Anne Waldman, one of the most important living American poets, is a new collection of autobiographical (自传体的) pieces, including published and unpublished essays, correspondence, interviews, and poems from the last 20 years.

Though the origin of the texts and poems is relatively recent, Bard, Kinetic tracks Waldman’s life from her childhood in Greenwich Village to the present. Rather than a memoir (回忆录) , this energetic collection integrates her stories into contexts — literary, political, spiritual, familial.

In Sketch, the first and longest piece in the book, Waldman describes what guided her to poetry from an early age — Her intellectual and artistic parents encouraged her “to read widely, to write, think, talk about it, be curious and critical.” Reading Sketch for its wonderful autobiographical details and the successful moments that run through Waldman’s life is a pleasure. In Interview with Poetas, Madrid 2018, another piece from the book’s second section, she wrote, “We need cultural and humanitarian revolution. We need poetry to remind us of the magic we have had that needs attendance and recharge.” Her voice and vision have a collective width.

Waldman insists on combining art with nearly every aspect of her life. Bard, Kinetic, at all points, a high-energy construct, and at all points, an energy-discharge, puts readers on the path to recognizing poetry as a mental aid, as an action that reaches across geography, species, and time. As she wrote in the book’s preface, she commands herself to “keep pushing for knowledge, study with a deeper investigation and a deeper action. The action, totally necessary”. These are high aims that Waldman has insisted on, tirelessly, her entire life. Waldman shines. Her heart could be our heart.

This new book is best read as a companion of Vow to Poetry (2001), Waldman’s previous collection of interviews and autobiographical essays, which will help readers appreciate this book better.

4．What do we know about Bard, Kinetic by Waldman?

A．It is a memoir. B．It documents her life and work.

C．It is her first collection of poems. D．It is to be issued by Coffee House Press.

5．What’s the purpose of paragraph 3?

A．To add relevant background information.

B．To help readers gain partial insight into the book.

C．To persuade readers to conduct selective reading.

D．To introduce Waldman’s writing styles.

6．What is implied in the underlined sentence “Her heart could be our heart.” in paragraph 4?

A．We should stick to our goals.

B．We should learn poems by heart.

C．We should seek fame and wealth.

D．We should enjoy life to our hearts’ content.

7．What’s the text?

A．A diary entry. B．A news report.

C．A book review. D．An autobiography.

Many important decisions boil down to a choice between keeping the supposed safety and risking going out for a chance at getting something even better. Though risk-taking preferences vary between individuals, research with humans shows that we’re all generally less willing to take risks in situations with more ambiguous（模糊的）outcomes. “The finding should also apply to risk-taking in chimps（黑猩猩）, one of our closest evolutionary（进化的）ancestors,” said Haux, from Max Planck Institute for Human Development.

To test the evolutionary roots of human risk preference, Haux and his colleagues measured 55 chimps living in reserves for their risky and ambiguous choices in an experimental setting. In each trial, they chose a ball from one of two pots. One pot was always safe because it contained two balls filled with one peanut each. In the risky condition, the second pot also contained two balls, but one was filled with two peanuts and the other with nothing. In the ambiguous condition, the balls in the second pot still contained two rewards or nothing, but the contents in the pot was entirely invisible to the chimps.

On average, chimps chose the risky pot over the safe pot 55% of the time but chose the ambiguous pot over the safe pot in just 25% of trials. This suggests that chimps, like humans, prefer to avoid situations with ambiguous versus known risks.

“Structural similarities in risk preferences of humans and one of our closest living relatives are likely to reflect adaptations to similar dynamics in evolution. While many other factors may influence human risk-taking preferences, the parallels between human and chimp behavior suggest that evolutionary adaptions have helped set a consistent baseline,” Haux said.

Future work will compare how the risk-taking preferences of chimps living in reserves may differ from those living in zoos or in the wild, as well as how they compare to those of bonobos, another close evolutionary relative of humans, Haux added.

8．Why was the research on risk preference conducted on chimps?

A．To test their intelligence level.

B．To guide them to make wise decisions.

C．To prove the evolutionary consistency.

D．To distinguish each individual’s difference.

9．Which illustrates the risky condition in the experimental setting?

A． B．

C． D．

10．What does the underlined word “parallels” in paragraph 4 probably mean?

A．Conflicts. B．Interactions.

C．Misunderstandings. D．Similarities.

11．What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．The range of the subjects will be extended.

B．Haux is satisfied with the current research.

C．Bonobos are a close evolutionary relative of humans.

D．The research topic will be shifted into another field.

With lunar exploration rocketing, it poses many challenges. Among them is a fundamental question metrologists (计量学家)worldwide are working to answer: what time is it on the Moon?

The Moon doesn’t currently have an independent time. Each lunar mission uses its own timescale to coordinated universal time, or UTC—the standard against which the earth’s clocks are set. The approach works when the Moon hosts a handful of independent missions, but it will be a problem when there are multiple craft working together. Space agencies will also want to track them using satellite navigation, which relies on precise timing signals.

The most pressing need for lunar time comes from plans to create a dedicated global navigation satellite system (GNSS) for the Moon. To tackle this problem, representatives of space agencies and academic organizations worldwide met in November 2022 to start drafting recommendations on how to define lunar time.

Defining lunar time is not simple. According to the Special Theory of Relativity, clocks tick slower in stronger gravitational fields. The Moon’s gravitational pull is weaker than Earth’s, meaning a lunar clock would run faster than an Earth one.

Defining a lunar standard, with which all clocks are compared, will involve installing at least three master clocks that tick at the Moon’s natural pace, and whose output is combined by an algorithm (算法)to generate a more accurate ‘virtual’ timepiece.

What happens then depends on which option metrologists choose. They might decide to base lunar time on UTC．The alternative would be to use the synthesized (同步)output of the lunar atomic clocks as the Moon’s own independent, continuous time, and to track its relationship to UTC．That way, even if the connection with Earth is lost, clocks on the Moon will still agree with each other, allowing safe navigation and communications.

Setting lunar time is part of a much bigger picture. It will one day work for the more-distant planets that space agencies are ultimately targeting, such as Mars.

12．What’s the main idea of paragraph 2?

A．The working principle of UTC．

B．The achievements of space mission.

C．The urgency to develop satellite navigation.

D．The problem of current lunar timing method.

13．What is the major barrier to defining lunar time?

A．Lack of professional guidance.

B．The disagreement among metrologists.

C．Different gravitational pull on the Moon.

D．The complexity of installing master clocks.

14．What’s the advantage of defining the Moon’s independent time?

A．Keeping the clocks on the Moon corresponding.

B．Preventing spacecraft losing connection with the Earth.

C．Helping humans land on the more-distant planets.

D．Making it easier to synchronize with UTC all the time.

15．What’s the best title of the text?

A．What Time Is It on the Moon?

B．When will Man Settle on the Moon?

C．Lunar exploration: A Career Bound to Revive

D．GNSS: A More Precise Lunar Tracking System

二、七选五

STEM vs. STEAM

STEM is short for Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics. The term was coined by Judith Ramaley while a director at National Science Foundation in 2001. Since then, STEM-focused education has been extended to many countries beyond the United States. However, education is a constantly evolving game. ____16____ One of the latest philosophies gaining steam is adding an arts component to the STEM educational focus, thus, creating the STEM vs. STEAM debate.

The believers in STEM education want the focus to remain on the core STEM principles. ____17____ Tasks involving product design encourage students to draw and create. Adding arts will take away from the original intention of focusing on the STEM disciplines.

____18____ They argue that adding arts to STEM is a way to develop strong STEM students who think creatively. Several studies have shown that engaging students’ arts strength increases their motivation when it comes to STEM activities. ____19____ Furthermore, for kids who might be turned off from STEM subjects due to a dislike of numbers, highlighting the artistic component of lessons can reach out and draw them in.

While they seem to be opposed, both sides of this argument may have the right idea. ____20____ Consider the growing field of computer animation, where you must have both artistic abilities and strong technology fields. Also, the most basic of all children’s toys, wooden blocks, are an incredible example of STEAM exploration. They bring design, geometry, and engineering concepts to our youngest learners, setting them up for a lifetime of creative thinking.

A．The STEAMers disagree.

B．Actually, science and arts are inseparable.

C．It consistently introduces new theories and practices.

D．Their idea is that there are already enough arts in their approach.

E．Thus, good teachers are always learning to keep pace with updated knowledge.

F．It also improves the probability of success in complicated tasks and challenges.

G．They believe adding art makes the STEM courses accessible to more students.

三、完形填空

One snowy night, a pair of beagles（比格犬）was struggling on a rural highway. The father-to-be looked around anxiously, trying to seek ____21____ for his dear companion. Frequently he would look at her ____22____, feeling guilty she labored along, her way made heavier by the new life growing inside her. They ____23____ for a warm, dry place. When her ____24____ came, it must not be out here along the roadway.

As ____25____ would have it, Gus Kiebel, a county wildlife officer, who was driving home from work, spotted the pair. He ____26____ to the shoulder of the road immediately.

The beagles made no effort to ____27____ when Gus bent down and stretched out his hands to them. Gus ____28____ their tags（狗牌）by his truck’s headlights and tried to ring, but the falling snow ____29____ the screen. He placed the dogs in his truck, _____30_____ his phone and called again. A man answered and instantly grew _____31_____ when Gus told him why he was calling.

“I already gave them away,” the man responded coldly.

Obviously, these beagles were _____32_____. Meeting their large begging eyes, Gus felt his heart _____33_____. “Putting them back in the snow is out of the _____34_____,” Gus thought to himself, “I must bring them home.”

It’s a simple story, but it speaks to the best of our nature: Kindness and love can keep cruelty and cold at _____35_____.

21．A．shelter B．shade C．instructions D．routes

22．A．patiently B．helplessly C．fondly D．proudly

23．A．waited B．prepared C．cheered D．longed

24．A．trouble B．opportunity C．time D．turn

25．A．life B．luck C．history D．news

26．A．pulled over B．turned up C．headed off D．sped up

27．A．submit B．bark C．struggle D．escape

28．A．tore B．adjusted C．untied D．read

29．A．colored B．misted C．dusted D．damaged

30．A．dried B．charged C．examined D．grabbed

31．A．persuasive B．defensive C．curious D．grateful

32．A．discovered B．licensed C．identified D．abandoned

33．A．racing B．sinking C．aching D．beating

34．A．blue B．question C．way D．world

35．A．bay B．hand C．ease D．peace

四、用单词的适当形式完成短文

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

ChatGPT netted 1 million users in 5 days. For ____36____ (compare), it, reportedly, took Instagram 2.5 months to reach the same number of users. Pretty wild!

ChatGPT, Generative Pre- trained Transformer, is a chatbot ____37____ (launch) by OpenAI in November 2022. ____38____ (specific) designed to interact in a conversational way, it works like a written dialogue between the AI system and the person asking it questions. Once orders ____39____ (input), it is capable of understanding the context of conversations and responding to a wide range of requests in a natural and ____40____ (engage) way. It mimics (模仿) human-like responses with AI-generated contents ____41____ assists people with tasks like writing essays, making business proposals, creating poems and even checking for program bugs. The outputs are amazingly varied ____42____ (depend) on who is writing the orders.

Every coin has two sides, ____43____ the saying goes. Though ChatGPT’s impressive efficiency and helpful information might take breath away, it may sometimes generate incorrect or inappropriate responses. Overall, ChatGPT has taken ____44____ big step forward for AI. Will it replace human intelligence or take over creative tasks? Alarmist? Only time will tell. Right now, what should be done is to define ____45____ (policy) and guidelines, so it can be used morally and responsibly.

五、其他应用文

46．假设你是李华。你校英文网站新增了Amazing China栏目，请你给该栏目投稿，介绍一个你最喜欢的地方。内容包括：

1.该地的基本情况；

2.该地的特色；

3.你的印象和感受。

注意：

1.写作词数应为80左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

The Place I Like Best

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

六、读后续写

47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

The Right Thing

My mother worked as a housekeeper and she was often given used toys as well as many other goodies by her clients. My elder sister and I always loved sharing the recycled books and board games brought home by my beloved mom, which we considered great gifts life presented us.

The long-awaited Christmas finally approached. One December day, an old model toy car arrived in the load of goods. It was as long as my forearm and took both hands to lift. My sister didn’t want it, so it was all mine. I immediately set down to wiping it clean and polishing it to a bright candy-apple red. It turned to be a thing of beauty, and I became overjoyed at possessing it. My elder sister was amazed at the newly-polished, refreshing toy car, with a hint of regret and envy in her eyes.

As was planned, our relatives from France came to visit us that Christmas. It was a time when the family bond got strengthened. I shared the prized toy car with Alex, my young French cousin. Eyes glued to it, he fell in love with the wonderful, shiny red automobile the instant he saw it. It was a rare moment to see him feeling so relieved and happy. He’d been unlucky so far in life, suffering severe, life-threatening illnesses as a child, leaving him mentally and physically stuck and the family starved of cash. Of course, such lovely toys like my dear model car were unreachable dreams for him.

Seeing Alex’s consuming thrill brought by the red car, I was seized by immense joy as well. But contrary to Alex’s excitement, a voice inside me constantly reminded, “Watch out! He’d keep it for himself.”, which got me faintly worried. I followed my cousin for fear of something.

My mother also noticed Alex’s fondness for the car. Approaching me, she asked gently in a low voice, “Would you like to give it to Alex?”

注意：

1.续写词数应为150左右；

2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Giving or keeping? I struggled with myself.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

In the moment of parting, my model car went with Alex.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案：

1．D    2．D    3．C

4．B    5．B    6．A    7．C

8．C    9．B    10．D    11．A

12．D    13．C    14．A    15．A

16．C    17．D    18．A    19．F    20．B

21．A    22．C    23．D    24．C    25．B    26．A    27．D    28．D    29．B    30．A    31．B    32．D    33．C    34．B    35．A

36．comparison    37．launched    38．Specifically    39．are input##inputted    40．engaging    41．and    42．depending    43．as    44．a    45．policies

46．The Place I Like Best

A must-see scenic spot I fancy most is the West Lake, a world-renowned attraction.

It is located in Hangzhou, also referred to as Heaven on Earth. Due to its stunning natural beauty, like Three Ponds Mirroring the Moon, and numerous tales full of literary significance, it is listed as one of the world’s cultural heritages. Also of primary note is the local cuisine such as Beggar’s Chicken and Dongpo Pork, which enjoys lasting popularity at home and abroad.

You cannot fail to get fascinated by this delightful destination.

47．Giving or keeping? I struggled with myself. Giving it? Hardly could I imagine life without the model car! After all, it was my most precious treasure, which I had been proud of. My heart kept aching at the prospect of giving it away. Nope! I shook my head determinedly. Glancing at my mother’s expectant eyes, I couldn’t help sobbing. Keeping it? Definitely, it would otherwise upset Alex. Torn between the two tough choices, I was totally at a loss. Nevertheless, deep down, I could feel my affection to Alex. Yep! I resolved to do the right thing.

In the moment of parting, my model car went with Alex. Though I was crushed to see it go, my heart sang when I saw his beaming face as he tightly clutched it. Seeing the thumbs-up from my mother and sister, I did swell with relief, pride and joy, for I knew it was not a gift; to some extent, it was our concern and love for him. Plus, sharing the model car also strengthened our bond, which, I was fully convinced, would always uplift him. An effort made for the happiness of others lifted us above ourselves as well.