高中英语高考高考英语总复习之非谓语动词考点课件PPT

这是一份高中英语高考高考英语总复习之非谓语动词考点课件PPT，共46页。
Read the shrt stry& find ut:I crssed the street t avid meeting him, but he saw me and came running twards me. It was n use pretending that I had nt seen him, s I waved t him. I never enjy meeting Nigel Dykes. He never has anything t d. N matter hw busy yu are, he always insists n cming with yu. I had t think f a way f preventing him frm fllwing me arund all mrning.“Hell, Nigel,” I said. “Fancy meeting yu here!”“Hell, Elizabeth,” Nigel answered. “I was just wndering hw t spend the mrning until i saw yu. Yu’re nt busy ding anything, are yu?”“ N, nt at all,” I answered, “I am ging t…”“ Wuld yu mind my cming with yu？” he asked, befre I had finished speaking.“Nt at all,” I lied, “but I’m ging t the dentist.”“Then I’ll cme with yu,” he answered, “ There’s always plenty t read in the waiting rm!”
Why did Elizabeth tell Nigel that she was ging t the dentist?
I crssed the street t avid meeting him, but he saw me and came running twards me. It was n use pretending that I had nt seen him, s I waved t him. I never enjy meeting Nigel Dykes. He never has anything t d. N matter hw busy yu are, he always insists n cming with yu. I had t think f a way f preventing him frm fllwing me arund all mrning.“Hell, Nigel,” I said. “Fancy meeting yu here!”“Hell, Elizabeth,” Nigel answered. “I was just wndering hw t spend the mrning until i saw yu. Yu’re nt busy ding anything, are yu?”“ N, nt at all,” I answered, “I am ging t…”“ Wuld yu mind my cming with yu？” he asked, befre I had finished speaking.“Nt at all,” I lied, “but I’m ging t the dentist.”“Then I’ll cme with yu,” he answered, “ There’s always plenty t read in the waiting rm!”
avid; enjy; fancy; mind; finish
常见带ding作宾语的动词
cnsider; suggest; frgive; pardn;acknwledge; admit; pstpne; delay ; recall; fancy ;avid; miss; keep; practisedeny; cmplete; finish ; cease; quit; appreciate;frbid; prevent ; imagine; risk; can’t help; mind; escape; ; stand appreciate; allw; advise; dislike; excuse; allw; resist;understand 等
记忆口诀： 考虑建议倡原谅，承认推迟没得想。 避免错过继续练，否定完成弃欣赏。 禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意弃逃亡。cnsider考虑 suggest/advise建议 advcate提倡主张 frgive/pardn 原谅acknwledge/admit 承认 pstpne /delay 延迟 recall回想 fancy 幻想爱好avid避免 miss错过 keep保持 practise练习实践deny否认 cmplete /finish 完成 quit 放弃 appreciate感激欣赏frbid /prevent 禁止 imagine设想 risk冒险can’t help 不禁 mind介意 escape逃避
有时我很感激欣赏(appreciate)我的孩子，但总是避免(avid)承认(admit)这一点，请允许(allw)我寻求您的建议(advise)，您考虑(cnsider)后告诉我如何克服这个小缺点。还有，我的孩子总是拖延(delay)他不喜欢(dislike)的事，不可否认(deny)这就是逃避(escape)。老师原谅(excuse)了他，但是告诫他要喜欢(enjy)自己的该做的事。我曾经禁止(frbid)他凭空想象(fancy)赶快完成(finish)自己手头的事，他反对我并保持(keep)他的想象(imagine)，说介意(mind)自已会错过(miss)任何灵感。有专家告诉我要允许(allw)孩子去实践(practise)，去冒险(risk)，因为孩子不能抵制(resist)自己闯的诱惑，只要建议(suggest)他忍受(stand)住任何学习工作的艰苦就可以了。最终孩子一定会理解(understand)的。
3. 练一练（1）. I appreciated _________ the pprtunity t study abrad tw years ag.t have givenB. t have been givenC. having givenD. having been given（2）. --- There is a stry here in the paper abut a 110-year-ld man. ---My gddess! I can’t imagine ____________ that ld.t beB. t have been C. beingD. having been
二、常带t d作宾语的动词1. 常带t d作宾语的动词：hpe, wish, want, agree, prmise, demand, ask, refuse, manage, learn, decide,pretend,chse. 记忆口诀：三个希望两答应，两个要求莫拒绝， 设法学会做决定，不要假装在选择。
常带不定式作宾语的动词还有：付得起 affrd申请apply 安排arrange请求desire 决心determine 期待expect 失败fail帮助 help 打算intend 设法manage 主动提出ffer 计划plan 准备prepare
2. 请用下面单词的适当形式完成下列句子
arrange ; expect; apply; ffer; manage
(1) Smehw, he’d managed t persuade Kay t buy ne fr him. (2) Yu can’t expect t learn a freign language in a few mnths. (3) Tm ffered t teach them water-skiing.
3.疑问词加不定式作宾语的动词decide; knw; cnsider; frget; learn; remember; shw; understand; see; wnder; find ut; explain; tellThere are s many kinds f tape-recrders n sale that I can't make up my mind which t buy.Please shw us hw t d that.
4.带省略t 的动词不定式的动词（1）使役动词 let, have, make ( let / have/ make sb. d) , 但被动时，sb. be made t d…（2） 感官动词 see, watch, , ntice ,bserve, hear, feel, listen t，lk at等后带 宾语补足语，省略t。注意：在被动语态中则t不能省掉。请把下列句子转换成被动语态　I saw him dance.= He was seen t dance. The bss made them wrk n the prject. = They were made t wrk n the prject .
三、既能带不定式作宾语，也能带动名词作宾语的动词：1. 有些动此后既能带不定式作宾语，也能带动名词作宾语，但是表达的含义不同。请通过例句句意确定短语含义。
（1） tryHe tried t slve the prblem by himself, but he culdn’t.My math teacher suggested me trying ding it in anther way.try t d…设法、努力做某事try ding…尝试着做某事（2）meanI had meant t cme, but I culdn’t get away frm my wrk. Nt being late fr schl means getting up early.mean t d… 打算做某事 mean ding … 意味着做某事
（3）. remember/frget Please remember/ Dn’t frget t pst the letter fr me n yur way t schl. She remembered / frgt meeting him smewhere befre. remember/ frget t d… 记得/忘记要去做某事（准备去做某事却没做） remember/ frget ding… 记得/忘记做过了某事（已经做过了某事） （4）. regretI regret t say that yu are wrng./ I regret t tell yu /infrm yu that yu are wrng.I regretted wasting / having wasted my time playing cmputer games. regret t dregret t d 常用于regret t say that…/ regret t tell/infrm yu that…遗憾地告诉你 regret ding… 后悔曾经做过某事= regret having dne…/ regret t have dne…
（5）can’ help I can’t help d/ t d husewrk tday. Hearing the exciting news, they culdn’t help jumping with jy. can’t help d…/ t d… 不能帮助做某事 can’t help ding… 情不自禁地做某事 （6）cnsider We cnsider him (t be) ur best friend.We are cnsidering mving t the suth. cnsider sb. (t be)… 认为…… cnsider ding… 考虑……
（7）allw/ permit/ advise/ frbid/recmmend/ encurageWe dn’t allw yu t smke here. / Yu are nt allwed t smke here.We dn’t allw smking here.allw/ permit/ advise/ frbid sb. t d… 允许/ 同意/ 建议/ 禁止/推荐（建议）/鼓 励某人做……allw/ permit/ advise/ frbid ding… 允许/ 同意/ 建议/ 禁止做…… （8） stp He stpped t pick up the cin n the grund. Please stp talking. stp t d sth. 停下来接着做另一件事（表示停下来的目地） stp ding sth. 停止做(原来在做的)一件事
（9）g n After he had finished his hmewrk, he went n t read sme newspapers. He went n ding the experiment. He went n with the experiment.g n t d sth. (做完某事)接着做另一件事 g n ding sth. = g n with sth. 继续做同一件事 （10）.like; hate; lve I like swimming, but I dn’t like t swim this afternn. I’d like/ lve t g swimming this weekend.like / hate/ lve ding 表示经常性的行为 like/ hate / lve t d 表示具体的一次性的行为
但是，有时候带t d 和ding 也都可以注意：如果like; lve 前有wuld / shuld时，只能用wuld/ shuld like/ lve t d…
（11）start; begin; cntinue start; begin; cntinue 在书面语中常跟动名词，在口语中常跟动词不定式 Tm began t learn / learning hw t use a cmputer. He cntinued t walk / walking alng the riverside.特别注意:start ; begin 在下列情况下一般跟动词不定式做宾语：（1）当主语是物而不是人时。The barmeter began t fall. 气压计的读数开始下降。It began/ started t rain. （2）当start; begin 以-ing形式出现时。It’s starting/ beginning t rain. 下起雨来了。The water is beginning/ starting t bil. 水逐渐沸腾起来。（3）当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想和意念时。如：like, lve, hate , knw, understand, realize, think, feel 等。I’m beginning t understand. 我逐渐明白了。I was beginning t think/realize yu’d never cme. 我开始意识到你永远不会回来了。
（12）need / require/ want 指“需要”时，后面跟动名词的主动形式（用动名词的主动表示被动的含义）或者动词不定式的被动形式，表示某件事情需要被做。 The damaged huses need/ require/ want repairing/ t be repaired. These patients need/ require/ want well lking after/ t be well lked after. The windw needs/ requires/ wants cleaning/ t be cleaned.（13）．表示某事值得一做，可以用(1) sth. be wrth ding/ + n.;(2) sth. be wrthy f being dne = sth. be wrthy t be dne(3) sth. deserve/deserves/ deserved ding/ t be dne(4) It’s wrthwhile t d…/ It’s wrthwhile ding…
2.练一练 （1）这座城市值得参观（visit）。 The city is wrth visiting .= The city is wrth a visit . ( wrth )The city is wrthy f being visited/ t be visited. ( wrthy )（2）这份工作值得重视（pay attentin t）。The jb deserves paying attentin t/ t be paid attentin t. It’s wrthwhile t pay attentin t/ paying attentin t the jb.
四、练一练 1. I remember _______ fr the jb, but i frget the exact amunt. A. t payB. paying C. t have paidD. being paid 2.They knew her well. They had seen her ______ up frm childhd. A. grwB. grew C. was grwingD. t grw 3. She desn’t mind _______ at hme alne thugh she may feel lnely. A. leaveB. being left C. leavingD. t be left 4. I didn’t mean ____ anything but the ice cream lked s gd that I culdn’t help _____it. A. t eat; t tryB. eating; trying C. eating; t tryD. t eat;trying 5. The study, frm academics at Harvard, claims ________ the first clear evidence shwing that when temperature g up, schl perfrmance ges dwn. A. t have prducedB.t prduce C. prducingD. being prduced
There is always rm at the tp.  最顶层永远还有空间。
非谓语动词考点 现在分词与过去分词的区别
1. 请根据以下两个例句总结现在分词与过去分词做定语的区别。 （1）Dn’t walk in frnt f a mving car. （2）I fund a brken watch n the pavement. 我的结论：现在分词在意义上表示主动，描述一个持续的动作或者状态 过去分词在意义上表示被动，描述一个完成的动作
一、现在分词与过去分词作定语
2. 请用现在分词和过去分词改写下面句中的定语从句。（1）She sat there, watching the leaves which were falling flating in the air. She sat there, watching the falling leaves flating in the air. （2）A girl in white is clearing the leaves which have fallen.A girl in white is clearing the fallen leaves. （3）The train which ges t Lndn stps at the edge f the city.The train ging t Lndn stps at the edge f the city. 我的结论: 作定语的单个分词放在被修饰词前面 作定语的分词短语放在被修饰词的后面
3. 请用所给动词的分词完成下面的句子。(1) When Nrway elected a wman Prime Minster, it jined a grwing__(grw) number f natins which have had wmen leaders.(2) The pst is pen t any __qualified___ (qualify) persn.(3) Yu shuld drink __biled__(bil) water.(4) _Educated__(educate) wmen were rare a hundred years ag.(5) The firewman jumped ut f her fire engine and ran twards the _burning__(burn) building.(6）In 1933, a public rganizatin _called__(call) the Passenger Transprt Bard was created. (7) In 1933, a public rganizatin __calling__(call) itself the Passenger Transprt Bard was created.
4. 用分词完成故事 The Stry f CinderfellaOnce upn a time, a pr by lived in an ld huse. He had tw ugly, (1) disgusting (digust) brthers, wh made him d all the husewrk. One day, there was an (2) exciting (excite) dance at the palace. Cinderfella wanted t g, but he had nly (3) trn (tear) and (4) unwanted (unwant) clthes.Then a magic, (5) flying (fly) fairy appeared in frnt f the (6) __surprised_ (surprise) by, and gave him a new suit. He lked lvely. He went t the dance and danced with the strng, (7) unmarried (unmarry) princess. He lked s handsme that she fell in lve with the (8) unknwn (unknw) by. But then midnight came, Cinderfella ran away but ne little, (9) frgtten (frget) slipper was left behind.The (10) fllwing (fllw) day, the princess’s wmen sliders rde all ver the city, lking fr him. Many (11) excited (excite) yung men tried t put n the (12) __drpped__ (drp) slipper, but their feet were t big. At last they came t Cinderfella’s huse. His little ft fitted the slipper. The princess arrived. She picked the (13) delighted (delight) by up in her strng arms and carried him away t the palace. Sn they were married in frnt f a (14) cheering （cheer）crwd. Cinderfella wre a (15) flwing (flw) white sahirt and lked grgeus.  
1. 请根据以下两个例句总结现在分词与过去分词做表语的区别。 The dance held in the palace was exciting. Each by present at the dance was excited. 我的结论: 作表语的分词相当于形容词的作用 过去分词多表示主语所处的状态______________ 现在分词多表示主语所具有的特征或属性 我能想到的：amazed / amazing, bred / bring, annyed / annying, interested / interesting, tired / tiring, surprised / surprising, wrried/ wrrying , satisfied / satisfying, amused / amusing, shcked/shcking, thrilled/thrilling…
二、现在分词与过去分词作表语
2选一选：(1) In April，thusands f hlidaymakers remained ________abrad due t the vlcanic ash clud.sticking　　　 B．stuckC．t be stuck　　　 D．t have stuck(2) --Hw did Bb d in the exams this time? 　 --Well, his father seems ____ with his results. A. pleasing B. please C. pleased D. t please
1. 请用现在分词与过去分词改写以下句中的从句并总结现在分词与过去分词做状语的区别。 （1）Cinderfella was always bullied by his tw disgusting brthers, s he led a pr life.Always bullied by his tw digusting brthers, Cinderfella led a pr life. (2) Cinderfella culdn’t g t the party, because he had nly trn and unwanted clthes.Having nly trn and unwanted clthes, Cinderfella culdn’t g t the party. (3) When he had been given a new suit, Cinderfella went t the party happily in it. Having been given a new suit, Cinderfella went t the party happily in it. (4) When they were surrunded by the excited crwd, the newly-married cuple culdn’t mve frward.Being surrunded by the excited crwd, the newly-married cuple culdn’t mve frward. 我的结论:现在分词与过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语与主句逻辑主语一致 现在分词与逻辑主语为主动关系，若与主句中的动作同时发生或紧随其后发生时ding若明显先于主句中的动作时，用having dne(若还含被动用having been dne) 过去分词与逻辑主语为被动关系，且表示动作的完成或状态。 being dne 表示动作正在发生且与逻辑主语是被动关系
三、现在分词与过去分词作状语
2. 请用分词改写下面的句子，保持句意不变。（1）As he didn’t ntice the parcel n the grund, he tripped n the parcel.Nt nticing the parcel n the grund, he tripped n the parcel. (2) When I was learning English, I had much difficulty in the present participle. When learning English, I had much difficulty in the present participle. (3) He had nly tw years f schlings because he was brn int a peasant family. Brn int a peasant family, he had nly tw years f schlings. (4) She had been ill fr a lng time s she needed time t recver.Having been ill fr a lng time, she needed time t recver. (5) If I am given mre time, I’ll finish my wrk n time. Given mre time, I’ll finish my wrk n time.
3. 请用所给的动词的分词的适当形式完成以下句子。 （1） Seeing___(see) frm the tp f the hill, yu can see the nice park.(2) Seen (see) frm the tp f the hill, the park is very nice.(3) Having seen (see) the situatin, a wealthy American businessman, Charles Yerkes, tried t imprve the system.(4) Being built (build) quickly, the building will be put int use in tw mnths.(5) Having been develped (develp) ver many years, the undergrund system is nw able t transprt millins f peple effectively. 
注意：分词的无依附现象分词作状语时，他的逻辑主语必须同全句主语保持一致，但以下句型中，则不需要。Judging frm /by his accent , he must be frm the suth.Cnsidering his age / Taking his age int cnsideratin/ accunt, he shuld nt have been given such a jb.（=In cnsideratin f…; In view f..）Allwing fr/ Making allwance fr the traffic delay, we shuld start ff an hur earlier. Generally speaking/ In general/ Generally, girls prefer fancy clthes.(= In general/ Generally, girls prefer fancy clthes. )Hnestly/ Frankly/ Truly speaking, he is a persn hard t deal with.广义上讲： bradly speaking; 严格来讲 strictly speaking;  
1. 请根据以下两组例句总结现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语的区别。（1）We heard him singing in the next rm.（2）Please speak luder s that yu can make yurself heard.
四、现在分词与过去分词作宾语补足语
在分词作宾语补足语时，选用现在分词还是过去分词取决于其与宾语的逻辑关系：ding表主动、动作进行；dne表被动、动作完成
（3）I saw him taken away by the plice. （4）I saw him being taken away by the plice.
在分词作宾语补足语时，过去分词在表示被动的同时通常还表示完成，而现在分词的被动式不表示完成，而是表示动词在进行。
补充注意：感官动词带宾补时hear; see; watch; listen t; bserve; ntice; feel; + sb d…即： hear sb d…etc.被动：sb be heard t d…表示听见某人曾经做了某事；被动结构指被听见做了某事
2. 选一选（1）The next mrning she fund the man ____ in bed, dead. A. lying B. lie C. lay D. laying (2) --Gd mrning. Can I help yu? --I’d like t have the package ____, madam. A. be weighed B. t be weighed C. t weigh D. weighed (3) I can hardly imagine Peter ____ acrss the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. sailing C. t sail D. t have sailed (4) If yu wave yur bk in frnt f yur face, yu can feel the air ____ against yur face. A. mved B. mving C. mves D. t mve
五、练一练1. His essay, ___________ many times, was brief and t the pint, and therefre wn the first prize in the writing cmpetitin. A. plishing upB. having plished up C. t be plished upD. having been plished up2. He std up and lked frward t ________ what had happened and there was a terrible accident that a bus ______ with 15 peple drpped dwn int the river. A. seeing; ladedB. see; laded C. seeing; ladingD. see; lading3. Thugh _______ mney, the parents f the twins managed t send them t university. A. lackedB. lacking C. lacking fD. lacked in 4. As had been expected, Smith wasn’t appinted chairman f the cmmittee, _______ nt very ppular with its members. A. cnsideredB. cnsidering C.having cnsideredD. t be cnsidered 5. The intrductin f pegrammes will hpfully help the systematic destructin f the envirnment _________ and see alternative energy ________ arund the wrld. A. ending;prmteB. ended; prmted C. ended; prmtingD. ending; prmte
非谓语动词考点 独立主格
课前热身 请用分词的适当形式完成故事I received a letter frm my friend inviting me t her wedding ceremny. Hwever, _having_ (have) an emergency t deal with that day, I failed t be present at the ceremny. Having disappnited (disappint) my best friend n such an imprtant ccasin, I felt extremely srry and decided t callher.On hearing her vice, I immediately began t express my regret, adding that, “ Next time I will surely attend yur wedding ceremny, I prmise!”Obviuslybeing annyed (anny) by my silly remark, my friend answered angrily, “ I dn’t think there will be a next time!” Laughed at (laugh at) bymy husband, I realized what mistake I had made. Having been taught (teach ) a lessn by this incident, I made up my mind t learn t be a wiser speaker. 
1. Hwever, _having an emergency t deal with that day, I failed t be present at the ceremny. Hwever, I had an emergency t deal with that day, s I failed t be present at the ceremny.2. Having disappnited my best friend n such an imprtant ccasin, I felt extremely srry and decided t call her. I had disappnited my best friend n such an imprtant ccasin, s I felt extremely srry and decided t call her. 3. Obviusly being annyed by my silly remark, my friend answered angrily, “ I dn’t think there will be a next time!” Obviusly my friend was annyed by my silly remark,s she answered angrily, “ I dn’t think there will be a next time!” 4. Having been taught a lessn this incident, I made up my mind t learn t be a wiser speaker. When I had been taught a lessn this incident, I made up my mind t learn t be a wiser speaker.5. Laughed at by my husband, I realized what mistake I had made. When I was laughed at by my husband, I realized what mistake I had made
仔细观察下面转换的句子，在转换时应该注意哪些方面？
结论：非谓语动词做状语时，它的逻辑主语应该是句子的主语。 V.-ing表示与主句中的逻辑主语是主动关系，且与主句中的动词几乎同 时发生； 若先于主句中的动词发生则用having +dne的结构 V-ed 表示与主句中的逻辑主语是被动关系
若非谓语动词作状语时，逻辑主语不一致呢？
非谓语动词的独立主格结构
一、请将以下斜体的部分改为一个从句或分句1. Night cming n, we put urselves up in a small htel. When night came n, we put urselves up in a small htel.2. The students having taken their seats, the speaker began his speech. When the students had taken their seats, the speaker began his speech. 3. There being n means f transprtatin, he had t walk hme at midnight. As there was n means f transprtatin, he had t walk hme at midnight.4. Everything taken int cnsideratin, yur plan seems t be mre practical. If everything is taken int cnsideratin, yur plan seems t be mre bk written in single English, English beginners are able t read it.As the bk is written in single English, English beginners are able t read it.6. Such an able man t help yu, yu will surely succeed sner r later.Such an able man is t help yu, yu will surely succeed sner r later.
结论：非谓语动词作状语时，带有自己的主语，在结构上不与主句的主语发生关系V.-ing与 动词不定式表示与自己的逻辑主语是主动关系；V-ed 表示与自己的逻辑主语是被动关系非谓语动词的独立主格结构: 逻辑主语 + 分词（；强调完成having dne；强调完成被动也可以having been dne） 
二、请比较以下斜体部分的独立主格的区别The manager lks wrried, many things t settle.The manager lks relaxed, many things settled. The fd being cked, the by was watching TV.The fd cked, the by went t bed. 
结论： 动词不定式表示动作没有发生或者即将发生； V-ed 表示动作已经结束； V.-ing 表示动作正在进行。
三、请根据句意用独立主格的形式改写或完成句子，并写出独立主格的在句中的句法功能。1. If many trees, flwers,and grass are planted, ur newly-built schl will lk even mre beautiful. Many trees, flwers,and grass t be planted, ur newly-built schl will lk even mre beautiful. 表示条件2.His mther t cme tnight, he is busy preparing the dinner. 表示原因他母亲今晚要来，他正忙着准备饭菜。 3. when everyne was ready,the teacher began his class.Everyne being ready,the teacher began his class. 表示时间
4. The by leading the way, we had n truble finding the strange cave. 表示原因 由那个男孩带路，我们没费周折就找到了那个奇怪的洞。 5. My health allwing, I will wrk far int the night. 表示条件 我的健康许可的话，我愿意工作到深夜。 6. The students are walking in the schl happily, each wearing a card in frnt f his/her chest. 学生们快乐地在学校里走着，每个人都带着胸卡。 表示方式 7. The task cmpleted, they went hme happily. 表示时间 完成任务之后，他们高兴地回了家。
四、 无动词独立主格结构 when everyne was ready,the teacher began his class.Everyne being ready,the teacher began his class.Everyne ready, the teacher began his class.“逻辑主语+being+其他”是独立主格中“逻辑主语+V-ing+其他”形式的一种结构。在这种结构中being/having been可以省去，这种省去being的结构，称之为“无动词独立主格”
1. 逻辑主语+名词 Ten students entered fr the cmpetitin, the yungest being a by f 12.Ten students entered fr the cmpetitin, the yungest a by f 12. 2. 逻辑主语+形容词 Paul turned t me, his eyes being sleepy.Paul turned t me, his eyes sleepy. 3. 逻辑主语+副词 Schl being ver, we all went hme. Schl being ver, we all went hme. 4. 逻辑主语+介词短语 The music teacher std at the dr, and a vilin was in his hand.The music teacher std at the dr, a vilin in his hand.The music teacher std at the dr, vilin in hand.
注意： “逻辑主语+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，如果名词前是单数其前可以不用冠词，同时介词短语中的限定词也可省略。
五、练一练 把下列句子的斜体部分改为独立主格结构。 1. When supper was ready, she called her sn hme. Supper being ready/ Supper ready, she called he sn hme.2. While the gvernr was pndering the matter, mre strikers gathered acrss his path.The gvernr pndering the matter, mre strikers gathered acrss his path.3. Since the earthquake had destryed everything, they became hmeless. The earthquake having destryed everything, they became hmeless. 4. My mther read the letter frm her sn abrad and tears came t her eyes. My mther read the letter frm her sn abrad ,tears cming t her eyes. 5. Thugh s much time has been spent, the wrk is nly half dne. S much time having been spent, the wrk is nly half dne.
with/withut引导的独立主格结构 一、“介词with/withut+宾语+宾语补足语”可以构成独立主格结构。其结构具体化为: A. With+名词/代词+形容词/副词/介词短语/动词不定式 B. With/Withut+名词/代词+动词-ed形式/动词ing-形式
1. Tny std in the rain, with his clthes was walking in the rain, with his father sat at the desk, with a pen in his lks sad, with s much hmewrk t d.5. With his hmewrk dne, Peter went ut t play.6. Withut a wrd mre spken, she left the meeting rm.7. The shcked man lked at her, with his hands trembling.8. Withut anyne nticing, he slipped thrugh the windw.
注意：在with/withut的复合结构中，多数情况下with能省略，但withut不能省略
二、练一练 1. He std fr a mment with his hands still________. A. t be raisedB. raised C. being raisedD. raising2. The ld man std under a big tree, ________. A. a pipe in muthB. with a pipe in muthC. pipe in muthD. pipe in his muth 3. ________ prductin up by 60%, the cmpany has had anther excellent year. A. AsB. FrC. WithD. Thrugh4. With a lt f wrk _t d__ (d), I have t sit up late.5. With everything she needed __bught_ (buy), she went ut f the shp, with her hands full f shpping bags.6. With tw children attending (attend) high schl, the farmer cuple have t wrk frm mrning till night.