高中英语高考第2部分 语法专项突破 专题1 第1讲　谓语动词课件PPT

这是一份高中英语高考第2部分 语法专项突破 专题1 第1讲　谓语动词课件PPT，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了STEP 1，考点分类突破，STEP 2，考点分层演练，STEP 3，语法链接写作，STEP ONE，考点一　动词的时态，考点二　动词的语态，考点三　主谓一致等内容，欢迎下载使用。
内容索引 /NEI RONG SUO YIN
At first，Xia Ming didn’t like① schl and was① addicted t cmputer games.Every time his mther asked① him what he was ding② befre ging t bed，the answer was that he was playing② cmputer games.His father had beaten③ him many times befre Xia Ming went t middle schl，s Xia Ming prmised that he wuld study④ hard and wuldn’t play games.
Hwever，Xia Ming has changed⑤ a lt in the past three years. When thers ask abut him，his mther always answers⑥ prudly，“He is ding hmewrk⑦ at hme.He has been studying⑧ fr several hurs.”Xia Ming will enter⑨ a gd cllege if he keeps wrking hard like this.Maybe after 3 years he will be studying⑩ in a famus university.
①是一般过去时，结构为：谓语动词用动词的一般过去式形式。②是过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋现在分词。③是过去完成时，结构为：had＋过去分词。④是过去将来时，结构为：wuld＋动词原形。⑤是现在完成时，结构为：has/have＋过去分词。⑥是一般现在时，结构为：谓语动词为动词原形或动词的单数第三人称形式。⑦是现在进行时，结构为：am/is/are＋现在分词。⑧是现在完成进行时，结构为：have/has been＋现在分词。⑨是一般将来时，结构为：will＋动词原形。⑩是将来进行时，结构为：will＋be＋现在分词。
一、词形变化在时态的变化中，动词的形式需要发生相应的变化。动词形式不正确已经成为英语写作中重要的扣分因素。因此，要注意在不同时态中的词形变化。
二、核心考点高考中通常把时态和语境结合起来考查(常在语法填空和短文改错两个题型中考查)。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有16种时态，中学阶段常用的是10种。
1.一般现在时(1)常常表示人的习惯或经常性发生的动作。常用的时间状语有always，usually，ften，smetimes，every day等。I usually d my hmewrk in the evening every day.我通常每天晚上做作业。(2)在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。They’ll stand by yu even if yu dn’t succeed.即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。(3)表示客观事实、真理、格言或者警句等。Practice makes perfect.熟能生巧。
2.一般过去时(1)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday，last year，the ther day等时间状语连用。He arrived at schl at 9∶00 am yesterday.他昨天上午九点到学校。(2)根据上下文或主从句提示。I didn’t pass the exam，which made my parents very angry.我没有通过考试，这让我父母很生气。
3.一般将来时表示未来的动作或状态或临时做出的决定，常用will/shall＋动词原形或者is/am/are ging t d，常与表示将来的时间状语tmrrw，next week等连用。It is said that he will retire next mnth.据说他将于下月卸任。
点对点练习1单句语法填空1.The curtains are abut t pen，and in a few minutes the actin and dialgue (tell) yu the running regularly can’t make yu live frever，the review says it (be) mre effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling r swimming.(2018·全国Ⅰ)3.Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award，prud Irene _______(declare) she had n plans t retire frm her 36-year-ld business.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
4.现在进行时(1)表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。He is playing basketball n the playgrund.他正在操场上打篮球。(2)某些表示位置移动的动词，如g，cme，leave，arrive，start，mve等可用现在进行时表示即将发生或计划要做的动作。Jhn as well as his sister is setting ff fr Tky tmrrw mrning.约翰和姐姐明天早上要动身去东京。
5.过去进行时(1)表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作，或过去某一个阶段内一直在进行的动作。Mrs Green was preparing lunch at eleven this mrning.格林太太今天上午11点正准备午餐。(2)表示动作在另一个过去的动作发生时正在进行，常与when，while引导的时间状语从句连用。The teacher came in while the by was reading a nvel.那个男孩正在读小说时老师进来了。
6.将来进行时表示将来某一时刻或某一段时间里正在进行的动作，常与一些标志性的时间状语连用。Dn’t phne me between 5 and 6.We’ll be having dinner then.五点至六点之间不要给我打电话，那时我们在吃饭。
点对点练习2单句语法填空1.Lisa (wrk) as a nurse in the hspital when I visited her mm last Friday I will g t anther cncert.They (play) smething by Mzart at that time.3.—Hi，let’s g skating.—Srry，I’m busy right nw.I (fill) in an applicatin frm fr a new jb.
will be playing
7.现在完成时(1)表示动作或过程发生在说话之前某个没有明确说出的过去时间，但现在已经完成，且结果仍对现在有影响。—I’m srry，but I dn’t quite fllw yu.Did yu say yu wanted t return n September 20?—Srry，I haven’t made myself clear.We want t return n Octber 20.——对不起，我没完全明白你的话。你是说你们打算9月20号回来吗？——对不起，我没有表达清楚。我们打算10月20号回来。
(2)表示一个动作从过去开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。His first nvel has received gd reviews since it came ut last mnth.他的第一部小说自上个月出版以来获得了许多好评。(3)考查现在完成时，往往有较为明显的时间状语。如already，just，yet，since，fr，up t nw，until nw，ever since，s far，recently，lately，in the past/last few years等。I have learned abut tw hundred English wrds in the past three hurs.在过去的3小时里我已经学了200多个英语单词了。
(4)下列句型中常用现在完成时。It has been＋一段时间＋since从句This/That/It is the that＋现在完成时This/That/It is the best/finest/mst interesting...＋名词＋that＋现在完成时This is the first time that I have made a speech.这是我第一次做演讲。It is the mst interesting nvel that I have ever read.这是我所读过的最有趣的小说。
8.过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作。在by，by the end f，by the time，until，befre，since后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句的句子中。I had put away my cellphne befre my father came back.在我爸爸回来之前我已经把手机收起来了。(2)在，n 句式中，主句常用过去完成时，表示“一……就……”。当hardly，scarcely，n sner置于句首时，其后要用部分倒装。N sner had they rushed ut f the huse than it burnt dwn.他们刚从房子里跑出来房子就烧塌了。
点对点练习3单句语法填空1.Befre getting int the car，I thught I (learn) the instructr’s rders，but nce I started the car，my mind went blank.I frgt what he (say) t me altgether.(2017·全国Ⅰ)2.Being raised in a family f teachers，I (get) plenty f chances t cnnect myself with literature since a yung sner we (be) seated than the bus started.
had learned
9.过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。She said she wuld retire the next year.她说她明年就退休了。I wndered what my sn wuld say the next mment.我不知道儿子紧接着要说什么。
10.现在完成进行时(1)常用来表示开始于过去某个时间，一直延续到现在并且会继续进行下去的动作。All these years they have been cntributing articles t ur magazine.这些年来，他们一直为我们杂志写稿。(2)表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直在反复进行的动作。We have been seeing each ther quite a lt recently.最近我们常常见面。
点对点练习4单句语法填空1.—Where is Peter? I can’t find him anywhere.—He went t the library after breakfast and (write) his essay there ever Einstein was brn in 1879.As a child，few peple guessed that he (be) a famus scientist whse theries (change) the wrld.
have been writing
wuld change
Xia Ming’s CellphneXia Ming’s cellphne was brken① by his father yesterday evening.I culdn’t get thrugh t him because the cellphne was being repaired② then.Befre this，his cellphne had been brken③ fur times because he was careless.Xia Ming liked cellphne games s much that he didn’t study hard.
Cellphnes are widely used④ nwadays.Hwever，many f them are being used⑤ t play games by teenagers.S far，many questins have been raised⑥by their parents.Shuld they be used⑦ by students? Xia Ming’s cellphne will be repaired⑧ well sn.Maybe by next Sunday the cellphne will have been brught⑨ hme and will be being used⑩ t play games again.
①是被动语态的一般过去时，结构为：was/were＋过去分词。②是被动语态的过去进行时，结构为：was/were＋being＋过去分词。③是被动语态的过去完成时，结构为：had been＋过去分词。④是被动语态的一般现在时，结构为：is/am/are＋过去分词。⑤是被动语态的现在进行时，结构为：is/am are＋being＋过去分词。⑥是被动语态的现在完成时，结构为：have/has been＋过去分词。⑦是带情态动词的被动语态，结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词。⑧是被动语态的一般将来时，结构为：will＋be＋过去分词。⑨是被动语态的将来完成时，结构为：will＋have been＋过去分词。⑩是被动语态的将来进行时，结构为：will＋be being＋过去分词。
1.不及物动词及短语没有被动语态。An accident happened n the way hme last night and five peple were killed.昨晚在回家的路上发生了一起意外事故，死了五个人。A big fire brke ut in ur schl last week.上周我们学校发生了一场大火。
2.被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加nt，短语动词的被动语态不可漏掉其中的介/副词。如：Trees shuld nt be planted in summer.夏天不应该种树。The by was made fun f by his classmates.这个男孩被他的同学取笑了。
3.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动结构表示，构成It is＋dne...形式。如：It is said/reprted that...据说/据报道……It is well knwn that...众所周知It must be pinted ut that...必须指出……It must be admitted that...人们必须承认……It is generally cnsidered/suppsed/hped/believed that...人们普遍认为/希望/相信……
It is generally cnsidered that the key t learning a freign language well is nthing but practice.人们普遍认为学好一门外语的关键就是练习。It is reprted that the temperature will decline sharply in ne r tw days.据报告，近两日气温将明显下降。
4.下面的主动形式常表示被动意义。如：(1)feel/taste/smell/lk/sund＋adj.Junk fd tastes delicius but it desn’t cntain enugh nutritin.垃圾食品吃起来美味但营养不足。Yur idea sunds wnderful but it isn’t practical.你的想法听起来很棒但不切实际。(2)want/need/require dingThe windw wants/needs/requires repairing.这扇窗户需要修理。Yur cmpsitin still requires plishing t be published.你的文章出版前还需润色。
(3)wash/sell/write/read＋adv.The clthes washes well.这些衣服很好洗。Her new bk was interesting and sld well.她的新书很有趣并且卖得不错。
点对点练习单句语法填空1.A rescue wrker risked his life saving tw turists wh _______________(trap) in the muntains fr tw washing machine (repair) this week，s I have t wash my clthes by ，cycling，alng with jgging and swimming，____________(regard) as ne f the best all-rund frms f yu leave the club，yu (nt，allw) back in.5.I gt caught in the rain n my way hme and my new suit___________(ruin).
had been trapped
is being repaired
is regarded
wn’t be allwed
单句语法填空1.I lve cming here and seeing my family and all the friends I _________(make) ver the years.(2019·全国Ⅱ)
解析　根据该定语从句中的时间状语“ver the years”可知，此处用现在完成时态。
2.The Chinese Ministry f Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the gvernment (start) a sil-testing prgramme that gives specific fertilizer recmmendatins t farmers—and 2011，fertilizer use drpped by 7.7 millin tns.(2018·全国Ⅱ)
解析　根据上下文可知作者在说2005年发生的事情，应用动词的一般过去式。
3.Steam engines (use) t pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant fr the passengers，with all the smke and nise.(2017·全国Ⅱ)
解析　文章叙述的是过去的事，且主语Steam engines与use为被动关系，意为“蒸汽机被用来拉动车厢”，用一般过去时的被动语态。
4.I (walk) acrss Altrincham Rad ne mrning when a cyclist went rund me and n being asked what he was ding he shuted at me.(2015·湖南)
was walking
解析　根据语境，句子是was/were 固定句型。
1.掌握独特的时间状语标志(1)题干中如用always，ften，seldm，smetimes，usually等，用一般现在时。(2)题干中如用yesterday，last night，a few days ag，the ther day等，用一般过去时。(3)题干中如用tmrrw，next year，in a week等，用一般将来时。(4)题干中如用nw，at present等，用现在进行时。(5)题干中如用at that time，then，at six ’clck yesterday等，用过去进行时。
(6)题干中如用at this time tmrrw，frm 1 ’clck t 3 ’clck tmrrw等，用将来进行时。(7)题干中如用since，s far，up t nw，in/ver/during the last year/past few years等，用现在完成时。2.熟记固定句型中的时态(1)be ，when前面的句子常用过去进行时，when后面的句子常用一般过去时。(2)It is/has been＋时间段＋since...表示“自从……以来已……”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时。
(3)祈使句＋and/r＋陈述句，陈述句常用一般将来时。3.分清主动被动，辨析语态看到主语为物，且动词为及物动词，要想到用被动语态。
1.语法一致原则I live① in Beijing while my girlfriend lives① in Shanghai，and we haven’t① seen each ther fr a lng time.T see her every day is② my dream.What I want t d is③ give up my present jb and wrk in her city. Hwever，all my relatives except my uncle supprt④ my idea.Smene tells⑤ me that it is nt wrthwhile t give up my jb，which brings⑥ me 10,000 yuan every mnth.
该原则要求谓语动词必须与主语在语法形式上保持一致，即主语是单数形式则动词用单数形式；主语是复数形式则动词用复数形式：①根据主语的人称和数，来确定谓语动词的单复数。②主语是不定式或动名词，动词用单数。③主语是从句，动词一般用单数。④主语后面跟有with，tgether with，except，but，as well as，rather than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词跟这些词前面的主语一致。⑤主语为smene，anyne，everyne等不定代词时，谓语动词往往用单数。⑥定语从句中的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
2.意义一致原则I have been travelling n a budget fr fur mnths.Fur mnths is① nt a shrt time.Thugh a large number f peple dn’t② understand me，the majrity f peple I met n my way are③ friendly.The ld dn’t④ supprt my crazy behaviur，but the yung admire④ me.At first my family were⑤ wrried abut me，but nw they have been used t this.
①表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。②“a number f＋复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。③the majrity f，the rest f，分数/百分数＋f＋名词，要根据名词的数或者是否可数来确定谓语动词的数。④“the＋adj.”往往表示一类人，谓语动词用复数。⑤family，grup，team，class，gvernment等集体名词，当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。
3.就近一致原则There are① many girls having a taste fr sweet fd，but neither my sister nr I am② interested in candies.
①here/there引导一个句子而且主语不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。②由r，nt als...，，，whether... r...，等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。
1.用and连接的并列主语，如果主语是同一个人，同一事，同一概念，谓语动词用单数，否则用复数。如：The pet and writer has cme.那位诗人兼作家来了。(一个人)A hammer and a saw are useful tls.锤子和锯都是有用的工具。(两样物)注意：用and连接的成对名词习惯上被看成是一个整体，如：bread and butter(黄油抹面包)，knife and frk(刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
2.若主语中有mre than ne 或many a/an，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词仍用单数。但mre＋复数名词＋than ne作主语时，谓语动词仍用复数。如：Many a by likes playing basketball.许多男生都喜欢打篮球。Mre than ne student was late.不止一个学生迟到。Mre persns than ne cme t help us.不止一个人来帮助我们。
3.形复意单名词如：news；以-ics 结尾的学科名称如：physics，mathematics，ecnmics；国名如：the United States；报纸名如：the New Times；书名如：Arabian Nights《天方夜谭》；以及the United Natins联合国等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
点对点练习单句语法填空1.The teacher and pet ften (give) lectures arund the f the bks (be) abut but Jim and Mike (be) n the playgrund far as I knw，his family nt very large but the family all music lvers.(be)5.The pr (be) lked dwn upn in the ld days.
6.Neither his parents nr I (be) able t persuade him t change his t lud music and rck cncerts (cause) hearing lss in sme teenagers s is easy t recgnize as she is the nly ne f the wmen wh (wear) evening dress.
has caused
单句语法填空1.“This really excites scientists，”Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brwn University，says，“because it (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn is cnstructed.”(2020·全国Ⅰ)
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。根据直接引语中的excites可判断用一般现在时；主语是it，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
2.Often，nly a small part f a museum’s cllectin (be) n display. Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
解析　考查时态和主谓一致。主语是a small part，谓语动词用单数；此处说明事实，故用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。
1.找准句子中的主语，看主语是单数还是复数。2.牢记特殊用法的结构，用对谓语动词的数。3.注意结合时态和语态。
1.can/culdMary—M　 Nancy—NM：Can① yu read this wrd?N：Srry，I can’t①.M：Can/Culd② I use yur dictinary?N：Of curse yu can③，but wait a minute.Where is my dictinary?M：Can④ it be in yur drmitry?N：N，it can’t④ be.I never study in my drmitry.
M：Culd yu have lent⑤ it t yur deskmate?N：N，my deskmate culdn’t have brrwed⑤ a dictinary because he hates English.It might be in Jane’s desk，but I can’t⑥ tuch her bks withut permissin.M：An rganized persn can⑦ frget things.
can/culd的意义及用法①can表能力，意为“能够”。②can表请求，culd 表示委婉语气。③can表许可。④can表推测，意为“可能”，常用于疑问句/否定句。⑤culdn’t have dne 意为“不可能做过某事”，culd sb. /sth. have 意为“某人做过某事吗？”，表示对过去的推测，用于疑问句或否定句。⑥can’t 表示客观条件不允许。⑦can表示客观上存在这种可能性但不一定发生。
2.may/mightMike—M　Teacher—TM：May/Might① I cme in?T：Yes，yu may②.Yu’re almst late，and where is yur deskmate?M：Hmm，I dn’t knw.He may/might③ be n the way t schl.T：He might③ be；that is，he might nt③ be n his way t schl.Mike，yu may as well④ tell me the truth.Why hasn’t he cme yet?M：He might have stayed⑤ up late last night，and he might nt have set⑤ the alarm clck.
may/might的意义及用法①表示请求。②表示许可，不用might。③表示对现在的猜测，might表示语气更不肯定。④may as well还是……好。⑤might have dne表示对过去的猜测，意为“可能做了某事”。might nt have dne意为“可能没做某事”，常用于疑问句或否定句。
3.mustJane—J　Mther—MJ：Mm，must① I take this medicine?M：Yes，yu must①.J：Must① I take it right nw?M：N，yu needn’t②.Yu can take it later.J：But it must be③ bitter.M：I’ve tld yu t wear yur cat，but yu must④ wear yur T-shirt. Besides，yu must have played⑤utdrs.Yu mustn’t⑥ d it again.
must的意义及用法①must表必须，肯定回答用must。②否定回答用needn’t。③must be表示对现在的猜测，只用于肯定句。④must表示非要，偏偏。⑤must have dne 表示对过去的推测，只用于肯定句中，意为“一定做过某事”。⑥mustn’t 表示禁止，不表示推测。
4.shuldBss—B　Jane—J　Steven—SB：It’s nine nw and everyne shuld① be here.Where is Steven? He shuld have arrived② ten minutes ag.J：Really strange，I can’t imagine Mr Punctual shuld③ be late fr wrk.B：Here he cmes.Why are yu late，Steven?S：I’m terribly srry，sir.I shuldn’t have drunk② t much cffee yesterday evening.I kept my eyes pen until fur ’clck in the mrning.B：A persn like yu shuldn’t drink④ t much cffee，tea either.S：Yes，I ught t be punctual as usual.
shuld的意义及用法①表示推测，意思为“按理说应当”。②shuld have dne 意为“本应做而没做”，shuldn’t have dne表示“本不应做却做了”，含有虚拟的意味。③表竟然。④shuld (nt) d sth. ＝ught (nt) t d sth. (不)应该做某事。
5.shallMan—M　Wman—WM：Hi，where are yu ging?W：I shall① g t New Yrk.M：Me t！Oh，yur suitcase is heavy.Shall② I carry it fr yu，Miss？(carrying the suitcase t the wman’s seat and sitting beside the wman)W：Thank yu fr helping me，but it’s required that everyne shall③ sit n his wn seat.M：It desn’t matter.W：Stay away frm me，r I will call the plice.Yu shall④ be srry fr what yu d.Sir，I need yur help.(waving t a pliceman)
shall的意义及用法①用于第一人称，表将要做某事。②用于第一、三人称疑问句，表请求。③用于第三人称肯定句，表示按照正式的规定要做的事。④用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。
6.need/dareMike—M　Jack—JM：D yu dare t take① yur cellphne t the examinatin?J：N，I dare nt d② it；I needn’t d③ it either.M：Yu study well，s yu dn’t need t cheat④.I am different.J：Stp thinking abut cheating，and yu can’t get away with it.Yu need t⑤ study hard.N pains，n gains.
need/dare的意义及用法•dare和need在作情态动词时，没有人称和时态的变化，常用于疑问句和否定句。疑问句直接把dare和need提前，否定句直接在其后加nt，如用法第②和③。•dare和need作实意动词时，有人称和时态的变化，常用于肯定句中。如果构成疑问句和否定句，需要加助动词d/des，且其后要加t d。如用法第①④⑤。•其用法简单总结为：有助有t，无助无t。
7.will/wuldTm—T　Mary—MM：Hw abut the new watch?T：I will① never use it any mre.It just wn’t② give the crrect time.M：Hush！Grandma is sleeping.She will③ have a nap at this time these days.T：At nine ’clck in the mrning？She wuld/used t④ have a nap in the afternn.M：The phne is ringing，but I am busy with my wrk.T：Okay，I will⑤ answer it.
will/wuld 的意义及用法①表示意愿。②表示物的属性。③表示人现在的习惯，意为“常常做某事”。④wuld/used t表示过去的习惯。⑤表示临时起意。
1.用于固定习语中：can’ (无论……也不过分；越……越好)Yu can’t be t careful when crssing a busy street.＝Yu can’t be careful enugh when crssing a busy street.你横穿马路的时候，再怎么小心都不为过/越小心越好。
2.情态动词＋have dne
点对点练习用适当的情态动词填空(必要时加nt)1.—I dn’t really like James.Why did yu invite him?—Dn’t wrry.He cme.He said he wasn’t certain what his plans were.2.I thank yu t much fr all yur help t my sn while we were away frm be ur manager.Our manager has gne t have dne better，but yu didn’t try yur best.
5.I didn’t see her in the meeting rm this mrning.She have spken at the present will nt believe such a gentleman d play with the knife，r yu may hurt be punished fr what yu have have rained last night，fr the rad is quite muddy.10.I have taken the umbrella，fr the weather is fine.
1.wish/wuld rather/as if/if nlyMr Zhang—Z　Mr Wang—W(Beside the river，Mr Zhang and Mr Wang are quivering as if they were① in cld winter.)Z：I wish I had① smething ht t drink.W：I wuld rather I hadn’t invited② yu t g ut.Z：Hw big a fish! If nly I had caught② it.W：If nly yu hadn’t fallen② int the river！If nly we had① dry clthes nw! Nw I wish yur wife wuldn’t blame③ this n me.
as if好像，wish希望，wuld rather宁可，if nly要是……就好了，这四组词后的从句往往用虚拟语气。①对现在的虚拟，从句谓语用过去式(be的过去式用were)。②对过去的虚拟，从句谓语用had＋过去分词。③对将来的虚拟，从句谓语用wuld/culd/might＋动词原形。
2.条件状语从句中的虚拟语气Mr Zhang—Z　Wife—W(in the hspital)Z：What fine weather! If I were nt ill，I wuld g fishing.①W：If yu hadn’t gne fishing yesterday，yu wuldn’t have caught a cld.②Z：I wuld have stayed at hme，but Mr Wang invited me t g.③ He tld me t hurry，therwise I wuldn’t have frgtten t wear warm cats.④
W：Is it all La Wang’s fault? But fr/Withut Mr Wang，yu wuld have been drwned.⑤Z：Had it nt been fr the big fish，I wuldn’t have fallen int the water.⑥ I’d catch it if I shuld recver tmrrw.⑦
•①②⑦为if条件句引导的虚拟语气，从句和主句的结构为：对现在的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/were...，主语＋wuld/culd/shuld/might d...对过去的虚拟：If＋主语＋had dne...，主语＋wuld/culd/shuld/might have dne...对将来的虚拟：If＋主语＋did/shuld/were t d...，主语＋wuld/culd/shuld/might d...•⑥为条件虚拟语气的省略与倒装，结构为：Had＋主语＋dne，主语＋wuld have ＋主语＋t d/Wuld＋主语＋d，主语＋wuld d...
•③④⑤为含蓄虚拟语气，结构如下：主语＋wuld have dne...，but 过去的事实主语＋wuld d...，but 现在的事实withut/but fr＋n.，主语＋wuld d(与现在相反)withut/but fr＋n.，主语＋wuld have dne (与过去相反)现在的事实，therwise＋主语＋wuld d过去的事实，therwise＋主语＋wuld have dne
3.名词性从句和定语从句中的虚拟语气Yesterday，Mike insisted that he hadn’t cheated in the exam with the cellphne and that he shuld nt be punished.① The teacher rdered that he shuld take ut the cellphne and cmmanded that he shuld phne his parents right nw.① Mike requested that the teacher shuld nt call his parents.① He demanded that the teacher shuld give him anther chance.① The teacher said it was required that students shuld nt take cellphnes t schl.② Her suggestin/advice was that Mike shuld study hard instead f cheating in the exams.③ It is high time that he shuld prepare fr the cllege entrance examinatin.④
•某些特定的动词之后的宾语从句常用含有shuld的虚拟语气。如①，这类动词包括“一坚持”(insist)，“二命令”(rder/cmmand)，“三要求”(require/request/demand)，“四建议”(suggest/advise/recmmend/prpse)。•上述动词用于It is/was＋过去分词＋that从句时，从句使用带shuld的虚拟语气，如②。•上述动词的名词形式如requirement，suggestin等，其后的表语从句或同位语从句用含有shuld的虚拟语气，如③。•It is high/abut time that sb. did/shuld d sth. 也是常见的虚拟语气形式，如④。
4.It is＋adj.＋that sb. shuld teacher：It is imprtant/essential/necessary that yu shuld learn English well.Student：Why？As a Chinese，I think it is strange that I shuld learn English well.
某些It is/was＋形容词＋that引导的主语从句中，主语从句要用虚拟语气，即“(shuld＋)动词原形”，这类形容词包括 imprtant，essential，necessary，strange 等等。
1.当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持说”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句不使用虚拟语气，而使用陈述语气。(1)The smile n his face suggested that he was satisfied with ur wrk.他脸上的笑容表明他对我们的工作很满意。(2)The ld man insisted that he was nt ill and that he shuld nt be sent t hspital.这个老人坚持说他没有病，坚持认为他不应该被送到医院。
2.错综时间条件句当从句、主句所表示的行为发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要根据它所在的时间作出相应的调整。If yu had listened t the teacher yesterday，yu wuldn’t suffer s much nw.如果你昨天听老师的，你现在就不会受这么多苦。
点对点练习单句语法填空1.The Antarctica is s mystically described by sme peple.If nly I _____ (be) there befre!2.Our nly request is that this (settle) as sn as pssible.3.I believe he must have had an accident；therwise he _______________ (arrive) n time.
(shuld) be settled
4.If it (rain) tmrrw，they wuld nt g ut fr a yu (take) my advice，yu wuld nt have failed in the exam.
shuld rain/were t rain/rained
单句语法填空1.Jim says we stay in his huse as lng as we leave it clean and tidy.(2020·天津)
解析　考查情态动词。句意为：吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。根据后面的“as lng as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim许可我们待在他的房子里，即：我们“能，可以”待在他的房子里。故填can。
2.Yu (nt) have sclded him fr his pr perfrmance.After all，he had dne his best.(2020·天津)
解析　考查情态动词＋have dne。句意为：你本不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。根据前后句关系可知，此处表示“本不该”，是指做了本不该做的事，故填shuldn’t。
3.If I hadn’t been faced with s many barriers，I (nt，be) where I am.(2020·江苏)
解析　考查虚拟语气。句中条件句和主句时间并不一致，条件是对过去的虚拟，结果是对现在的虚拟，所以要用wuld＋d。
情态动词和虚拟语气解题“两注意”注意一：若句中谓语动词为原形，在其前设纯空格题时，注意考虑情态动词。然后根据句意或句式结构填入恰当的情态动词。注意二：一旦判断所给动词在句中作谓语，就要考虑其时态、语态、语气、主谓一致等，特别是注意虚拟语气中的时态。判断虚拟语气，除了常见的if虚拟条件句，还应注意其他常搭配虚拟语气的句型。
单句语法填空1.It is the first time that my sn (meet) Zhng Nanshan，the renwned Chinese her face t face.
解析　It is the first time that＋sb. have/has dne，这是某人第几次做某事。所以答案为现在完成时，且主语为my sn，所以填has met。
2.The girl (shake) her head happily，and the pt f milk n her head immediately fell nt the grund.
解析　根据下文“and the pt f milk n her head immediately fell nt the grund”时态是过去时，前后时态应该一致，所以用过去时。
3.The father as well as his kids (discuss) where t spend the weekend nw.
is discussing
解析　根据该句中的时间状语nw可知，此处用现在进行时态。
4.When fat and salt (remve) frm fd，the fd tastes as if it is missing smething.
解析　根据句意，此处为客观事实，所以用一般现在时，且主语为fat and salt，谓语动词为复数。主语fat and salt与remve为被动关系，故填are remved。
5.The day after tmrrw，I，as well as my friends Zhang Ming and Li Hua， (be) ging t buy bks.
解析　句意为：后天，我和我的朋友张明和李华将会去买书。根据句意可知此处为be ging t句型，as well as连接两个主语，谓语动词遵循就远原则，和I保持一致。
6.Either the beautiful views f this mdern city r its lcal custm ______ (attract) thusands f visitrs during the past years.
解析　句意为：无论是这座现代化城市的美丽景色还是当地的风俗习惯在过去的这些年都已经吸引了成千上万的游客。由“during the past years”可知，这句话使用现在完成时。“”作主语时，谓语动词形式与r后主语保持一致，its lcal custm是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词也应使用第三人称单数形式。
7.The factry used 65 percent f the raw materials，the rest f which ______(be) saved fr ther purpses.
解析　which指代先行词materials。当the rest在句中作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于后面的名词，如果名词是不可数名词，用单数。如果是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式。本句中的materials是可数名词复数形式，故填were。
8.On the stage (be) a number f famus singers，whse sngs are welcmed by the majrity f yung peple.
解析　句意为：有许多著名的歌手在舞台上，他们的歌曲受大多数年轻人的喜欢。a number f修饰可数名词的复数，谓语动词用复数，从“whse sngs are welcmed by...”可知用一般现在时，故填are。
9.If yu listen t rap music，yu will ntice hw the lyrics(歌词) __________(speak) in the backgrund f the sngs.
解析　ntice后是一个由hw引导的宾语从句，该从句中缺谓语，而且the lyrics与动词speak之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态。根据语境可知这里讲的是一般情况，故用一般现在时。
10.Jenny have kept her wrd.I wnder why she changed her mind.
解析　考查情态动词＋have dne。句意为：詹妮本应该信守诺言的。我想知道她为什么改变了主意。根据后一句“I wnder why she changed her mind.”可知，詹妮没有信守诺言，shuld have dne sth. “本应该做某事却没做”符合句意。
11.Accrding t a newly released regulatin n nline vide services，n ne generate，release r spread fake news r infrmatin by using such technlgies.
解析　考查情态动词。句意为：根据最新发行的关于网络视频服务的规章，任何人都不可以使用此类技术生成、发行或者传播虚假消息。根据前面的regulatin(规定)可知，本题填入shall更加合理。
12.Every cin has tw sides.Beautiful sngs，smetimes， just be nise t thers.
解析　考查情态动词。句意为：任何事物都有两面性。优美的歌曲有时候对别人来说也许是噪音。分析句子可知，此处应该表示可能的推测，故填may。
13.My cmputer didn’t start this mrning.There have been smething wrng with it.
解析　考查情态动词。句意为：我的电脑今早怎么也启动不了了。一定是出了什么问题。must have dne表示对过去的肯定推测。
14.What a pity! The parents culd have survived the earthquake，_____they (nt，cme) back t save their child.
解析　考查省略if的条件句。句意为：真遗憾！如果不是回来救孩子，这对父母本可以在地震中幸存下来。分析句子可知，此处为if引导的虚拟条件句，与过去事实相反，从句应为：if they hadn’t cme...，if可以省略，这时从句要用倒装语序，即把had置于句首，从句可写成“had they nt cme...”。
15.He wuld (like) t represent his cuntry in the 1984 Winter Olympics，but there were a large number f cmpetitrs，and Edwards didn’t qualify.
解析　句意为：他本想代表他的国家参加1984年的冬季奥运会，但参赛者众多，爱德华兹没有获得参赛资格。根据本句后面的“Edwards didn’t qualify”可知，爱德华兹没有成功获得参赛资格，故用“wuld have dne”虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设，意思是“本来会做”。
16.In the last few years，China (make) great achievements in envirnmental prtectin.
解析　根据该句中的时间状语“In the last few years”可知，此处用现在完成时。
17.A large percentage f the ppulatin in ur cuntry (be) farmers.
解析　根据句意，此处为客观现实，所以用一般现在时。主语是A large percentage f the ppulatin，谓语动词用单数。
18.It was quite a lng time befre he (spt) his ld teacher in the crwd.
解析　It was a lng time＋befre＋sb. did...“过了多久之后才...”为固定句型。
19.The publicatin f Great Expectatins，which bth widely reviewed and highly praised，strengthened Dickens’ status as a leading nvelist.
解析　句意为：《远大前程》的出版得到了广泛的好评和高度赞扬，加强了狄更斯作为一名顶尖小说家的地位。先行词“The publicatin f Great Expectatins”在定语从句中作主语，是单数概念，根据主谓一致的原则，所以谓语动词用单数。再根据主句谓语动词reviewed可知用一般过去时，应填was。
20.The number f the children wh wn the iPads (be) grwing all the time.
解析　句意为：拥有iPad的儿童数量一直在增长。the number f表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数，故填is。
1.The 80,000 bjects cllected by Sir Hans Slane，fr example，_______(frm) the cre cllectin f the British Museum which pened in 1759.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
解析　根据该定语从句中的时间状语“in 1759”可知，此处用一般过去时。
2.By abut 6,000 BC，peple (discver) the best crps t grw and animals t raise.(2020·浙江)
had discvered
解析　由时间状语“By abut 6,000 BC”可知，本句时态为过去完成时。
3.Carle Pieters，a scientist at Brwn University，says，“because it (mean) we have the chance t btain infrmatin abut hw the mn (cnstruct).”(2020·全国Ⅰ)
解析　整句话的时态为一般现在时，主语为it，故第一空填means；the mn与cnstruct之间是被动关系，故第二空用一般现在时的被动语态。
is cnstructed
4.When he asked the villagers n the banks f the river where he culd find the legendary(传奇的) artist，they smiled and (pint) dwn the river.(2020·全国Ⅱ)
解析　根据上文“they smiled and...”可知，此处用过去时。
5.The parts f a museum pen t the public (call) galleries r rms.Often，nly a small part f museum’s cllectin (be) n display.Mst f it is stred away r used fr research.(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)
解析　第一空：分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语，主语“The parts”与动词call之间为被动关系，且此处说明事实，故用一般现在时的被动语态；第二空：主语是a small part，时态为现在时，谓语动词用is。
6.And，as mre children were brn，mre fd (need).(2020·浙江)
解析　考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。fd和need之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态；由上文的“were brn”可知此处用一般过去时；且fd在此处为不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。因此填was needed。
7.Then，with the rise f science，changes began.New methds _______(mean) that fewer peple wrked in farming.(2020·浙江)
解析　考查时态。结合前一句“ began.”用了一般过去时可知，空格处mean也需用一般过去时。故填meant。mean是不规则动词，过去式的正确拼写是关键。
8.In recent years sme Inuit peple in Nunavut (reprt) increases in bear sightings arund human settlements，leading t a belief that ppulatins are increasing.(2019·全国Ⅰ)
have reprted
解析　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句中的时间状语“In recent years”多与现在完成时连用，主语“sme Inuit peple”为复数意义，因此本空填have reprted。
9.The musician alng with his band members (give) ten perfrmances in the last three mnths.(2019·江苏)
解析　考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意为：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由“in the last three mnths”可知，这句话的时态为现在完成时，本句主语为“the musician”，为第三人称单数形式，句中的“alng with his band members”是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。故填has given。
10.What a pity！Yu missed the sightseeing，r we (have) a gd time tgether.(2019·江苏)
wuld have had
解析　根据关键词r可知应用虚拟语气，这里表示与过去的事实相反，谓语动词应用wuld/culd/shuld/might＋have dne。
11.I can’t find my purse.I (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday，but I’m nt sure.(2018·天津)
culd/might have left
解析　根据句中时间状语yesterday可知，是对过去发生事情的推测，故用“情态动词＋have dne”，再根据后句but I’m nt sure可知，此推测为不太肯定的推测，故用culd/might have dne。
12.In tday’s infrmatin age，the lss f data cause serius prblems fr a cmpany.(2018·北京)
解析　can在此表示客观可能性，意为“可能会，有时候会”。
13.They might have fund a better htel if they (drive) a few mre kilmeters.(2018·北京)
解析　根据主句的谓语形式以及语境(事情已经发生)可知，if条件句应该用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，故从句谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
14.It’s strange that he have taken the bks withut the wner’s permissin.(2018·江苏)
解析　此处shuld作情态动词，表示“竟然”，符合语境。
15.If the new safety system (put) t use，the accident wuld never have happened.(2017·北京)
had been put
解析　根据后一句“wuld never have happened”判断这是与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，条件句要用had dne形式，所以填had been put。
Passage 1　时态与主谓一致篇The first z 1. (establish) arund 3,500 years ag by an Egyptian queen fr her persnal enjyment.
was established
解析　考查谓语动词的时态和语态。根据时间状语“arund 3,500 years ag”可知是过去时态，主语“The first z”和谓语动词establish是被动关系，故填 was established。
Five hundred years later，a Chinese emperr 2. (build) a huge z t shw his pwer and wealth.Later zs were set up fr the purpse f studying animals.
解析　考查谓语动词的时态。句中“Five hundred years later”是过去的时间状语，谓语需要用过去式，故填 built。
Sme f the early Eurpean zs 3. (cnsist) f dark hles r dirty cages，the bad cnditins f which made peple disgusted.Later the zs 4. (replace) by research centers and animals there were studied and 5. (keep) in gd cnditin.
解析　考查谓语动词的时态。本句话的语境是过去，谓语动词用过去式，故填 cnsisted。
were replaced
解析　考查谓语动词的时态和语态。主语“the zs”和谓语动词replace 为被动关系，并且是过去时态，所以用were replaced。
(were) kept
解析　考查谓语动词的时态和语态。“animals there were studied and ”为并列关系，故填(were) kept。
These places became the first mdern zs.As early as the 1940s，scientists 6. (understand) that many kinds f wild animals faced extinctin.Since then，zs 7. (try) t save many endangered species，
解析　考查谓语动词的时态。“As early as the 1940s”是过去的时间状语，谓语要用过去式，故填understd。
have tried/have been trying
解析　考查谓语动词的时态。时间状语为“Since then”，谓语常用现在完成时，此处也可用现在完成进行时表示动作一直持续进行。故填have tried/have been trying。
but relying n zs 8. (save) species is nt enugh.The best methd f prtectin is t leave them in their natural habitat.
解析　考查非谓语动词。rely n sb. t d sth. 依靠某人做某事，故填t save。
Tday，animals in large and natural reserves are fed a balanced diet and 9. (watch) carefully fr any signs f disease with specially trained keepers lking after them and sme hspitals where they can be treated when ill，and all the animals there live a cmfrtable life.
(are) watched
解析　考查谓语动词的时态。主语animals和谓语动词watch是被动关系，且此处与and前面的are fed...为并列关系，故填(are) watched。
Anyway，it is true that z breeding prgrams 10. (play) an imprtant rle in prtecting many species f wildlife nw.
are playing
解析　考查谓语动词的时态。由时间状语nw可知，此处应该使用现在进行时。故填 are playing。
Passage 2　情态动词篇I 1. have wrried befre I came t the new schl，fr my classmates here are very friendly t me.Zhang Min is a fantastic dancer.I wish I 2. (dance) as well as her.N ne 3. be cmpared with Ellen in dancing.
解析　因为这儿的同学对我都非常友好，在来新学校之前我本不需要担心的。所以用needn’t。
解析　我希望我跳舞像她一样好。wish 后面的宾语从句往往用虚拟语气，而且与现在相反，所以用danced。
解析　没有人像她跳得一样好，表示能力用can。
Jack is mre f a talker than a der.Teachers always tell him it’s high time that he 4. (d) smething instead f just talking.Every time I get clse enugh t hear them speaking Chinese，I 5. say “Ni Ha” t them. Teachers recmmend that parents 6.__________________(nt，allw) their children under 12 t ride bicycles t schl fr safety.
did/shuld d
解析　It is high time＋sb. shuld d/did sth. 到了某人该做某事的时候了。
解析　每当我靠近他们听见他们说汉语的时候，我会对他们说“你好”。will可以表示现在的习惯。
(shuld) nt allw
解析　recmmend后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气“shuld＋动词原形”，shuld可以省略。
Students 7. bey schl rules.Every student must wear schl unifrm while at schl.If a student 8. (nt) wear schl unifrm，he wuld be punished immediately.
解析　学生必须要服从校规。must表示强制。
解析　如果学生在校期间不穿校服，他会立即受到惩罚。因为主句谓语用wuld d，表示对现在的虚拟，所以条件从句中用过去式表示对现在的虚拟。
Accrding t the rules，students 9. get grades nt lwer than 85 in any subject in rder t get the schlarship.It is beynd my imaginatin that students here 10. be s crazy abut Harry Ptter series like me.
解析　根据规定，学生如果想拿奖学金，任一单科成绩不得低于85分。shall用于第三人称，在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定，意为“应，必须”。
解析　我没有想到这里的学生竟然像我一样痴迷《哈利·波特》系列丛书。 shuld在此意为“竟然”，表示惊讶。
1.时态的交叉使用典例　(2019·全国Ⅲ，书面表达)我给你写信的目的是邀请你参加下周六在我们学校举办的音乐节。I’m writing t invite yu t take part in the music festival，which will be held in ur schl next Saturday.运用　(2018·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)这部电影将会在本周六下午4点到5点上映，电影会讲述我们学校的发展历程。欢迎每个同学都来观看。
The mvie will be shwn frm 4∶00 t 5∶00 this Saturday afternn.It tells the develpment f ur schl.Everyne is welcme t watch the mvie.
2.利用“主将从现”的规律典例　(2016·全国Ⅲ，书面表达)如果你方便的话，我下周六陪你去书店。If it is cnvenient fr yu，I will accmpany yu t the bkstre next Saturday.运用　(2019·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)如果我被接受的话，我会把中国画的技巧介绍给游客，这将帮助他们更好地了解中国文化。
If I am accepted，I will intrduce Chinese painting skills t visitrs，which can help them knw mre abut Chinese culture.
3.被动语态的适当运用典例　(2020·天津，书面表达)成人礼定于6月8号举行。The cming-f-age ceremny was scheduled t be held n June 8.运用　(2019·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)听说下个月美术馆将举行一次中国画展览，我写信想要申请成为一名志愿者。
Knwing an exhibitin f Chinese paintings will be held at the gallery next mnth，I am writing t apply t becme a vlunteer.
4.虚拟语气巧利用(1)if条件句的虚拟典例　(2016·10月浙江)Jane 心里想：“如果我没和Tm 吵架，我就不会在山林中迷路了。”Jane said t herself, “If I hadn’t quarrelled with Tm，I wuldn’t have gt lst in the wds f the muntain.”运用　(2018·6月浙江)要是我没有追这只兔子，我们就不会迷路了。
If I hadn’t chased that rabbit，we wuldn’t have lst ur way.
(2)利用“情态动词＋have dne”表虚拟典例　(2017·11月浙江)我们本来可以愉快地露营，可是妈妈忘了带帐篷。We culd have camped in the wild happily，but mther frgt t take the camp.运用　(2017·11月浙江)我们本不应该把帐篷放在妈妈那里，因为她太健忘了。
We shuldn’t have trusted mther with the tent，because she is much t frgetful.
(3)shuld的适当运用典例　(2011·全国Ⅱ，建议信)我建议Glbal Mirrr应该刊登些指导我们学习英语的文章。I suggest that Glbal Mirrr shuld carry articles t guide us in ur English learning.运用　(2018·全国Ⅱ，通知)按要求，想要参加的同学需准时到报告厅看电影并参与讨论。
It is required that anyne wh wants t participate in it shuld arrive n time t watch the mvie and take part in the discussin.
(4)利用but fr/withut含蓄虚拟条件句典例　(2020·全国Ⅰ，书面表达)若没有她的帮助和专业的指导，我不可能在英语学习方面取得如此大的进步。But fr/Withut her help and prfessinal instructin，I culdn’t have made such great prgress in English study.运用　(2020·全国Ⅱ，书面表达)多亏了这次采摘活动，否则我们不知道劳动的果实有多么甜美。
Thanks t the picking activity，therwise we wuldn’t have knwn what sweet fruits labur wuld result in.
5.利用句型，“亮”化句子典例　(2018·6月浙江)我们正在找回去的路时听到了叔叔的大声呼喊。We were trying t lk fr the way back when we heard my uncle shuting ludly.运用　(2020·新高考全国Ⅰ)Bernard正在街上忧心忡忡地走，这时Jhn来帮他了。
Bernard was wandering wrriedly in the street when Jhn came t his assistance.