高中英语高考第2部分 第4讲 专题4主谓一致和特殊句式 2021届人教版英语高考一轮复习同步课件

这是一份高中英语高考第2部分 第4讲 专题4主谓一致和特殊句式 2021届人教版英语高考一轮复习同步课件，共46页。PPT课件主要包含了重 温 真 题，are ，is ，make ，that ，考 点 精 析，考 点 集 训，has been ，had ，did 等内容，欢迎下载使用。
1　　重 温 真 题
2　　考 点 精 析
3　　考 点 集 训
考向1　主谓一致单句语法填空1．(2019·全国I卷)Of the nineteen recgnized plar bear subppulatins, three are declining, six _______ (be) stable, ne is increasing, and nine lack enugh data.解析：考查主谓一致。句意：在已经确认的19个北极熊亚种群中，有3个在减少，6个稳定，1个在增加，9个缺乏足够的数据。根据three are declining，此处数词six作主语，代指前文中的“plar bear subppulatins”，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填are。
2．(2017·全国Ⅰ)Fast fd ______(be) full f fat and salt; by eating mre fast fd peple will get mre salt and fat than they need in their diet.解析：根据行文的时态可知，此处用一般现在时；句子的主语fast fd(快餐)是不可数名词短语，故填 be的第三人称单数形式is。
考向2　特殊句式单句语法填空1．(全国Ⅱ)It culd be anything—gardening, cking, music, sprts—but whatever it is, ________(make) sure it's a relief frm daily stress rather than anther thing t wrry abut.解析：第二个破折号之后为but连接的并列句，whatever it is是让步状语从句，主句为祈使句，所缺词是主句的谓语动词，应使用动词原形。
2．(湖南Ⅱ)It was when we were returning hme ________ I realized what a gd feeling it was t have helped smene in truble.解析：分析句子结构可知此句为强调句，并且强调的是时间状语，故用that。
►主谓一致的核心考点1．就近一致原则(1)由r，nt als...，，，，等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Neither his parents nr I am able t persuade him t change his mind.(2)here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据“就近一致”原则，即谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。Here is a ruler, a few pencils and tw cpybks.
2．意义一致原则(1)谓语动词必须用单数的情况①表示学科的名词以及wrks(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义，谓语动词用单数。Plitics is his favrite subject.②表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。D yu knw when the United Natins was set up?
(2)谓语动词必须用复数的情况表示总称意义的名词，如peple, plice, public, cattle等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The plice are searching fr the murderer.(3)谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定①集体名词，如family，class, grup，team，club，cmpany，gvernment，ppulatin等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。As far as I knw, his family is nt very large but the family are all music lvers.
②“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数；表抽象概念时，谓语动词用单数。The pr were lked dwn upn in the ld days.3．语法一致原则(1)由and连接的两个名词作主语①“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人(双重身份)，谓语动词用单数。The teacher and pet ften gives lectures arund the city.
②“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。The teacher and the pet have just arrived.③“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，谓语动词用单数。Every by and every girl has the right t receive educatin in ur cuntry.④通常由两个部件组成的物品如：a knife and frk(一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Bread and butter is nt t his taste.
(2)表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式，但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。Is fifty punds enugh?(3)“分数/百分数＋f＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据f后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。Tw－thirds f the bks are abut science.Only 30% f the wrk was dne yesterday.
(4)主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有with，tgether with，except, but，as well as，rather than，besides, including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式； 若主语为复数，谓语用复数形式。Nbdy but Jim and Mike was n the playgrund.►倒装句的核心考点1．全部倒装(1)在There be/seem/appear/live/stand/lie/fly/exist/remain等存在句中。Lk, there's that bkshp I was telling yu abut.
(2)表示时间、地点和动作转移的副词，如here，there，nw，then，up，dwn，in，away，ut等置于句首，主语是名词而不是代词时，用完全倒装。此时，句子多用一般现在时或一般过去时。There ges the phne. I'll answer it.(3)such作表语置于句首时。Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man but the 20th century's greatest scientist.(4)直接引语的全部或部分位于句首时。“If yu die, wh will get yur mney？” asked Hlmes.
(5)表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。In the center f the square stands a mnument.(6)为平衡句子结构，或使上下文衔接紧密，而将作表语的介词短语、形容词、副词或分词提到句首，引起倒装。Gne frever are the days when the Chinese peple had t use freign il.
2．部分倒装在下列几种情况下，只把助动词、系动词或情态动词放在主语之前，构成部分倒装。(1)little，never，nt，seldm，neither，nr，hardly，rarely，nwhere，by n means，at n time，under n circumstances，in n case，n n cnditin等表示否定意义的单词或短语位于句首时。Little des he care abut what thers think.
(2)在，n ，，nt als...，等句式中。Neither des he drink nr smke.(3)当nly修饰作状语的副词、介词短语或状语从句且位于句首时。Only then did I find I had made a mistake.(4)在从句中，当“s＋形容词/副词”或“such＋名词”位于句首时。S exhausted was she that she wanted t have a rest.
(5)当表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“s/as＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也是……”。Times have changed and s have I.(6)当表示前面否定的内容也适用于另一个人或事物时，常用“neither/nr＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示“……也不……”。They culdn't understand it at that time, and nr culd we.(7)省略if的虚拟条件句，把were, had, shuld提到主语前面。Had it nt been fr yur help, we shuldn't have achieved s much.
(8)as和thugh引导的让步状语从句。Try as she might, Sue culdn't get the dr pen.(9)“may＋动词原形”表示祝愿，通常把may置于句首，构成倒装语序。May yu succeed!►强调句的核心考点1．使用助动词d，des和did对谓语动词进行强调。First impressins really d cunt.
2．运用强调句型来强调除谓语动词以外的其他句子成分。强调句型的基本句型结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/wh＋其他成分。可用来强调句子的主语、宾语、状语等成分。在复习强调句型时，要注意以下几个方面：(1)强调句型中的主谓一致在强调句型中，当对陈述句中的主语进行强调时，无论被强调的主语是单数还是复数，it后的谓语动词都要用单数形式is/was，同时，that/wh后的谓语动词要与被强调的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。It is my parents that/wh ften help me get ut f truble.
(2)当对地点状语，时间状语或其他状语从句进行强调时，只能用连接词that，而不能用where，when，why或hw等。It was n August 8,2008 that the 29th Summer Olympic Games were pened in Beijing.(3)强调句型的疑问句强调句型的一般疑问句是“Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that＋其他成分？”； 强调句型的特殊疑问句是“特殊疑问词＋is/was it that＋其他成分？”。Was it her failing her exam that made her parents unhappy?When was it that she changed her mind?
(4)在对结构中的until时间状语或时间状语从句进行强调时，要将句中的nt移至until之前，构成：It is/was nt 。注意that后的谓语动词要变成肯定形式，而且不再采用倒装语序。I didn't realize she was a famus film star until she tk ff her dark glasses.→It was nt until she tk ff her dark glasses that I realized she was a famus film star.
注意事项：1．如果由特殊疑问词引导的强调结构在句中作宾语从句时，从句必须使用陈述语序，不可用疑问语序。He asked me wh it was that tk his umbrella by mistake.2．强调句型结构中的反义疑问句式。在强调句型结构中，其反义疑问句的主语及助动词必须与主句It is/was...保持一致。It is Mary nt yu wh wants t ask me abut that matter, isn't it?
3．强调句型结构与定语从句的混合使用。在高考试题中，为了增加试题的难度，命题人常将强调句型与定语从句混合起来，使句子结构更加复杂。我们要注意从语法角度来分析句子，理清结构。It was n the farm where we wrked that I gt t knw her.4．强调句型与时间状语从句的辨析。当用强调句型强调时间状语时，去掉“it is/was”和“that”，原句仍然完整； 而在时间状语从句中，若去掉“it is/was”和连词“when/befre”，原句不完整。It was at 14∶28 that the terrible earthquake brke ut.(强调句型)It was 14∶28 when the terrible earthquake brke ut.(时间状语从句)
►省略句的核心考点1．状语从句中的省略由when，while，if, as if, althugh/thugh，as，until，nce，whether，unless，where等引导的状语从句中，如果其谓语动词为be，而从句的主语与主句的主语相同或从句的主语为it时，则从句的主语或it和be可省略。When (I am) in truble, I always turn t my classmates fr help.If(it is) pssible, this machine can be fixed at nce.
2．不定式的省略单独使用不定式符号t代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid, expect, frget, hpe, intend，like，lve，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad，happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have，have been时，则要保留be，have，have been。—Will yu please lk after my huse when I'm away?—I'm glad t.
—Are yu a sailr?—N. But I used t be.Yur wrk hasn't been handed in, but it ught t have been.3．常考的几个省略形式if ever，if any，if s，if necessary, if nt 等。Please crrect my mistakes if any.4．并列句中的省略并列句中的两个对等句里的动词相同时，后者的动词可以省略。He is ging t Hng Kng, but his brther (is ging) t America.My rm is n the third flr and his, n the fifth.
►其他句式的核心考点1．感叹句感叹句常用来表示惊叹、赞美、喜悦等语气。常见句型：(1)What＋a/an＋形容词＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！＝Hw＋形容词＋a/an＋单数名词＋主语＋谓语！(2)What＋(形容词)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！(3)Hw＋形容词/副词＋主语＋谓语！
(4)Hw＋主语＋谓语！What a strange plant(＝Hw strange a plant)! I've never seen it befre.这种植物真奇怪！我以前从未见过。The shcking news made me realize what terrible prblems we wuld face.这个惊人的消息使我意识到我们将面临多么严重的问题。
2．祈使句祈使句常用来表达命令、请求、禁止、建议、警告、劝告等。祈使句的主语一般是第二人称yu，但往往省略。祈使句的否定形式一般在动词原形前加dn't，也可用副词never构成。祈使句的强调形式可以在句首加d。祈使句的常见句型：(1)祈使句＋and＋陈述句“如果……就……”(2)祈使句＋r/therwise＋陈述句“……否则……”(3)名词词组(多含有mre，anther)＋and＋陈述句“如果再……就……”One mre day, and I'll get everything ready.再多给我一天，我就会把一切准备好。
题组一　主谓一致集训单句语法填空1．Either yu r the headmaster ______(be) t hand ut the prizes t thse gifted students at the meeting.2．The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 bys f her class, ________________(visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.3．Tw fifths f the land in that district ______(be) cvered with trees and grass.4．With mre frests being destryed, huge quantities f gd earth ____________________(wash) away each year.5．He is the nly ne f the students wh ____________(be) a winner f schlarship fr three years.
was visiting
are being washed
题组二　倒装句集训单句语法填空1．N sner _______ M Yan stepped n the stage than the audience brke int thunderus applause.2．Only with the greatest f luck _______ she manage t escape frm the rising fld water last year.3．Present at the party last night ________(be) Mr. Green and many ther guests.4．The mment the bell rang, ut __________(rush) the children.5．_____ he caught the mrning train, he wuld nt have been late fr the meeting.6．Nt _________ I caught sight f my teacher in the crwd did I calm dwn.
题组三　强调句集训单句语法填空1．It was the culture, rather than the language, ________ made it hard fr him t adapt t the new envirnment abrad.2．Was ______ because Jack came late fr schl that Mr. Smith gt angry?3．T tell yu the truth, Tm _______ take my pen by mistake yesterday, but he has said srry t me.4．It was nt until I went there ________ I began t knw smething abut the matter.5．—Why was it ________ yu were s angry?—Because we failed t take part in the basketball match.
题组四　省略句集训单句语法填空1．One day, he came up with an idea that he wuld pluck up all f his crp a few inches. He did ______ the next day.2．Film has a much shrter histry, especially when ____________(cmpare) t such art frms as music and painting.3．Her parents wuldn't allw her t g t the party, but she still hpes ______.4．________(make) gd use f learning resurces such as the website and library, and yu will make great prgress.5．Yu can't imagine ________ difficulty we had walking hme in the snwstrm.
Ⅱ.语法填空(特殊句式专练)Dealing with hmeless families 1.______(be) ne part f my jb. It was frm a single mther 2.________ the very first call I had was. She was weeping. Nt until I prmised t help her 3._______ she stp weeping. After being tld that she had gt int a terrible car accident, I learned that accident made her lse her jb. Because f this, she fell behind with her rent 4._______ she was being frced t leave her apartment. She had t pay fr the rent. 5.______ nt, nwhere culd she and her tw children g.
Having explained the situatin, she stpped, saying, “I'm s srry! Thank yu fr letting me tell my stry. I've tried every shelter and church rganizatin in the area but n ne 6.________ listen r care.”7.________ an unfrtunate thing! At that time there being n penings fr family husing, I tk her number dwn and tld her I'd call her right back. Later, hardly 8._______ I fund an pening fr a family in a shelter in her area when I called her back. She was shcked when 9._____________(answer) my call. She said, “Never 10._______ I really expect yu t call me back.” I gave her the gd news and she started weeping again. But this time they were tears f happiness and hpe.