高中英语高考考向24 阅读理解之词义猜测题(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题

这是一份高中英语高考考向24 阅读理解之词义猜测题(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题，共20页。
猜测词义是应用英语的重要能力，也是高考阅读理解中必考的题型。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。考生应学会通过构词、定义、同位、对比、因果、常识、同义、反义及上下文线索等确定词义。
近年来，词义猜测题有逐渐增加的趋势，尤其是猜测词组、句义题。因为猜测词组、句义题涉及题材背景、句子结够、文章主旨、作者的观点态度等。联系主旨、整合上下文信息是解答这类题的关键。近几年阅读理解的生词率略有上升，加大了猜测力度。命题者着重考查考生利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇文脉等理解生词的能力。
【命题趋势】
1、要求根据阅读材料所提供的信息，结合中学生应有的常识和经验，正确判断生词词组的含义或成熟词在特定语境中表达的具体含义以及一些句子的意思。
2、要求猜测词义的词一般为实词及其词组，通过构词、定义、对比、因果、联想、上下文等线索确定词义的具体内容。
3、代词复指理解题也是猜测词义的常考类型。用“逻辑关系梳理法”、“递向寻踪法”理清人物及事物之间的逻辑关系是关键所在。
【设问形式】
The underlined wrd “…” in the secnd(third…) paragraph refers t(means) ______.
By saying “…” in the first(secnd…) paragraph, the authr means that ______.
In paragraph …, “…” can be replaced by “______”.
The meaning f “…” in paragraph… is related t ______.
Which f the fllwing has the clsest meaning t…(paragraph…)?
The underlined sentence in the … paragraph prbably means that _____.
【应试技巧】
词义猜测题的解答需要考生根据词、词组、句子所在的语境上下文来判断其意义。因此熟练掌握一些猜词技巧是做好这类题的关键。命题者在出这类题时惯用常规词义来麻痹考生，我们要特别注意熟词生义，切不可脱离语境主观臆断。
1．构词法猜词
阅读中常常会遇到一些由熟悉的单词派生或合成的新词。掌握构词法对猜测词义很有帮助。如：unfreseeable.这个词，可以根据构词法把它拆成un, fre, see , able；其中 see 是词根，fre是“先，前，预”的含义，un是否定，able是“能……的，可……的”，因此unfreseeable是“未能预见到的”意思。
【典例示例】
…Baker cncludes that peple d nt have the ability t sense when they’re being stared at. If peple dubt the utcme f his tw experiments, said Baker, “I suggest they repeat the experiments and see fr themselves.” …
70. The underlined wrd “utcme” in the last paragraph mst prbably means .
A. value B. result
C. perfrmance D. cnnectin
【答案】B
【解析】运用“构词法”进行猜测。动词词组cme ut 的意义为“露出、出现、显露出”。再根据句子的语境，可猜测出其意义是：(实验的)结果。
2．利用同义近义词猜词
在生词所出现的上下文中，有时会出现与之同义或近义的词语或结构，这时可从熟悉的词语中推知生词的含义。统称在词或短语之间有并列连词and或r，这些词语或短语在句中作相同的成分，并且and或r连接的两项内容在含义上是接近的或递进的，由此确定同等关系中的某个生词所属的义域，甚至推出它的大致词义。
【典例示例】
…Fermat’s Last Therem（定理）, first put frward by the French mathematician Pierre de Fermat in the seventeenth century, the therem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds, including a French wman scientists wh made a majr advance in wrking ut the prblem, and wh had t dress like a man in rder t be able t study at the Ecle Plytechnique. …
65. Which f the fllwing best explains the meaning f the wrd “baffle” as it is used in the text?
A. T encurage peple t raise questins.
B. T cause difficulty in understanding.
C. T prvide a persn with an explanatin.
D. T limit peple’s imaginatin.
【答案】B
【解析】由句中不难看出Fermat的定理使得最具有数学头脑的科学家绞尽脑汁（beat），并且在句中beaten和baffled处于同等的并列关系，根据这一信息可以推出baffle表示“使困惑、难倒、难以理解”的意思。
3．利用反义词猜词
对比是描述，说明事物的常用方式。在对比中，对比的事物是互为相反的，因此根据反义或对比关系可从已知推出未知。利用反义词来说明生词的意义，如反义词ht and cld, perfect and imperfect，甚至前、后句为肯定与否定或是与不是等，在句内词与词之间，在段内句与句之间的关系上起着互为线索的作用。
【典例示例】
child’s birthday party desn’t have t be a hassle; it can be a basket f fun, accrding t Beth Anacleri, an Evastn mther f tw, ages 4 and 18 mnths. …
74.What des the underlined wrd “hassle” prbably mean?
A. A party designed by specialists.
B. A plan requiring careful thught.
C. A situatin causing difficulty r truble.
D. A demand made by guests.
【答案】C
【解析】根据前句的否定desn’t与后句的肯定can be这一对比关系，可以判断出，为了庆祝孩子的生日，又不至于麻烦，可以买一个生日开心包。Hassle的意思应该与fun相反，而与difficulty, truble相近。答案为C。
4．利用上下文语境猜词
任何一篇文章中的句子在内容上都不是绝对孤立的，都跟句子所在的段落及整整篇文章有关。利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测词义，是阅读过程中的一大关键，这也是近年来高考考查的热点。
【典例示例】【2019·天津卷，D】
Wuld yu BET n the future f this man？He is 53 years ld. Mst f his adult life has been a lsing struggle against debt and misfrtune. A war injury has made his left hand stp functining，and he has ften been in prisn. Driven by heaven-knws-what mtives，he determines t write a bk.
The bk turns ut t be ne that has appealed t the wrld fr mre than 350 years. That frmer prisner was Cervantes，and the bk was Dn Quixte（《堂吉诃德》）. And the stry pses an interesting questin: why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days，while thers g t seed lng befre？
We’ve all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life’s halfway mark. I’m nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp. We can’t all get there. I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
……
52. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 3 prbably mean？
A. End ne’s struggle fr liberty.
B. Waste ne’s energy taking risks.
C. Miss the pprtunity t succeed.
D. Lse the interest t cntinue learning.
【语篇解读】本文属于议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。
52.D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段I’m talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.故可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run ut f steam可知，停止学习，故选D。
5．利用定义和解释猜词
有些文章，特别是科技文章，通常会对一些关键词给予定义，我们可以利用定义来猜测这些词的意思。释义法就是根据文章中的字里行间，对生词以定语（从句）、表语甚至用逗号、破折号等标点符号引出并加以解释说明的方式。
【典例示例】
“Organic prduce is always better, ” Gld said. “The fd is free f pesticides (农药), and yu are generally supprting family farms instead f large farms. And mre ften than nt it is lcally (本地)grwn and seasnal, s it is mre tasty.” Gld is ne f a grwing number f shppers buying int the rganic trend, and supermarkets acrss Britain are cunting n mre like him as they grw their rganic fd business.
62. What is the meaning f “the rganic trend” as the wrds are used in the text?
A. Grwing interest in rganic fd.
B. Better quality f rganic fd.
C. Rising market fr rganic fd.
D. Higher prices f rganic fd.
【答案】A
【解析】由Gld is ne f a grwing number f shppers buying smething可以推断出，越来越多的顾客像Gld一样开始购买有机食物，其实也就是对这类食物产生了越来越浓厚的兴趣。答案为A。
6．根据语义转折猜词
有时文章的作者为了增强表达效果，会用一些含有表示意思转折的连词，副词或短语。如：thugh, althugh, still, but, yet, instead, instead f, hwever, while, n the cntrary, n the ther hand, unlike, rather than, fr ne thing, fr anther等，我们可以根据转折意思猜测词义。
【典例示例】
…Hwever bvius these facts may appear at first glance, they are actually nt s bvius as they seem except when we take special pains t think abut the subject.
…
71. In Paragraph 3, “take special pains” prbably means “_____”.
A. try very hard B. take ur time
C. are very unhappy D. feel especially painful
【答案析】A
【解析】由Hwever从句当中的at first glance（乍一眼看上去），与下文中的take special pains进行对比，既然不是一眼就看出那么简单，那么自然要费力去想了。由此可以推断出A项为最佳选项。
7．利用经验和常识猜词
【典例示例】
…“I was n the way t a persnal-injury accident in West Nashville. As I gt nt Highway 40, blue lights and sirens(警笛) ging, I fell in behind a gld Pntiac Firebird that suddenly seemed t take ff quickly dwn the highway. The driver smehw panicked at the sight f me. He was ging mre than a hundred miles an hur and began passing cars n the shulder.”
63. The meaning f “panicked” in Paragraph 2 is related t ___________ .
A. shame B. hate C. anger D. fear
【答案】D
【解析】根据本段内容描述，可以知道panicked 意思是“惊慌”，相当于fear。
【检测训练】
1
As a classic lve mvie f the twentieth century, Titanic makes ne scene a lng-lasting cinematic sht: Jack let g f his hand and sank in the icy seawater, leaving the chance f living t his lver Rse, wh finally survived n a wden dr debris (残骸).
Mre than 100 years since the disastrus event and mre than tw decades after the earliest release f the mvie Titanic, there have been many “dr theries”. Audiences debate heatedly ver whether r nt Jack and Rse culd have bth fit nt the wden debris and survived. S, was there rm fr Jack?
In a TV prgram, hsts Jamie and Adam even did an experiment using an exact replica (复制品) f the wden piece frm the mvie, and the tw prved that if they had tied Rse’s life jacket t the bttm f the dr t strengthen its buyancy ( 浮 力 ), they wuld have managed t stay aflat.
Hwever, their cnclusin was debunked when directr Camern said that the freezing water and Jack’s high temperature wuld have made the life jacket slutin impssible. He als said that the debate is beynd the pint the mvie was trying t make, which is fcused n the tragic lve stry f Jack and Rse, nt physics.
The largest debris recvered frm the real Titanic is nw displayed in the Maritime Museum. The museum’s website states that a replica was nce built fr the mvie based n the museum’s Titanic cllectin which was knwn as the “dr” used in the death scene. Unfrtunately, the size f the debris cupled with the weight f Rse n tp culd wrk, but nt if Jack’s additinal weight was added t it.
In a wrd, science has prven that Jack didn’t die fr nthing and did indeed sacrifice himself t save the lve f his life.
1. What’s the purpse f paragraph 1?
A. T lead int the tpic.
B. T intrduce a mvie.
C. T raise a questin.
D. T highlight characters.
2. What is the cnclusin f Jamie and Adam based n?
A. The develpment f the plt.B. A physics experiment.C. The theme f the mvie.D. A heated debate.
3. What des the underlined wrd “debunked” in paragraph 4 mean?
A. Cnfirmed.B. Oppsed.C. Apprved.D. Cncerned.
4. We can infer that the mvie’s ending is .
A. unrealisticB. cnfusingC. reasnableD. surprising
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. B 4. C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影《泰坦尼克号》最早上映20多年后，出现了许多“门理论”，认为杰克可以活下来，而科学已经证明电影的结局是合理的。
1. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“As a classic lve mvie f the twentieth century, Titanic makes ne scene a lng-lasting cinematic sht: Jack let g f his hand and sank in the icy seawater, leaving the chance f living t his lver Rse, wh finally survived n a wden dr debris (残骸).(《泰坦尼克号》是一部20世纪的经典爱情电影，其中的一个场景是一个持久的电影镜头：杰克松开手，沉入冰冷的海水中，给他的爱人罗斯留下了生存的机会，罗斯最终在木门残骸上幸存下来。)”及下文对此场景的讨论可推断，本段的目的是引出话题。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In a TV prgram, hsts Jamie and Adam even did an experiment using an exact replica (复制品) f the wden piece frm the mvie, and the tw prved that if they had tied Rse’s life jacket t the bttm f the dr t strengthen its buyancy ( 浮 力 ), they wuld have managed t stay aflat. (在一个电视节目，主持人杰米和亚当甚至做了一个实验用的一个木制的复制品的电影，和两个证明，如果他们把罗斯的救生衣绑在门的底部以加强它的浮力，他们会设法保持漂浮。)”可知，杰米和亚当的结论是基于他们所做的物理实验。故选B。
3. 词义猜测题。根据划线词后半句“when directr Camern said that the freezing water and Jack’s high temperature wuld have made the life jacket slutin impssible. (因为卡梅隆导演说冰冻的水和杰克的高温不可能让救生衣解决问题。)”可知，杰米和亚当的结论被推翻了。所以debunked为“ 揭穿真相，暴露，推翻”之意。ppse“反对”是近义词，故选B。
4. 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Unfrtunately, the size f the debris cupled with the weight f Rse n tp culd wrk, but nt if Jack’s additinal weight was added t it. (不幸的是，碎片的大小加上罗斯在上面的重量可能会起作用，但如果加上杰克的额外重量就不行了。)”可推断，这部电影的结局合理的。故选C。
2
It’s hard t verstate just hw much Writer’s Digest has survived t make it t its centennial. The Great Depressin. Wrld War II. The many wars and scietal revlutins f the ’50s, ’60s, and ’70s. The technlgical revlutin and the creatin f the internet. The shift frm being family-wned business t a crpratin with investrs. And mst recently, glbal pandemic(流行病).
It is because WD survived all that, that I view this anniversary issue as a lve letter t every single persn wh has cntributed t keeping WD alive ver these amazing, and tugh, and change-filled 100 years. Thank yu t the Rsenthal family fr starting a magazine—a cmmunity—like this. T the publishers, editrs, and all the ther behind--the-scenes flks wh made sure each issue ver the many decades was the best it culd be, thank yu fr yur hard wrk and lng hurs. T the abslutely incmparable list f writers wh shared their wisdm, insights, and encuragement: This magazine was made better by yur cntributins.
But mst f all, this is a lve letter t ur readers. Yu give the magazine purpse and the mtivatin t keep ging. Withut yu, WD wuldn’t exist, s n behalf f all the current and frmer WD staffers, we ffer ur sincerest thanks.
Yu’ll see a cllectin f new clumns cming in 2021. We are thrilled t have Bryan Washingtn, award-winning authr f the shrt stry cllectin Lt and the new nvel Memrial, as ur first guest clumnist. The WD team started planning this issue mre than a year ag and putting it tgether has been a jy. We hpe yu find as much pleasure and inspiratin in reading it as we fund in creating it. See yu in year 101.
5. What des the underlined wrd “centennial” mean?
A. The first publicatin.B. The cllectin versin.
C. The 100th anniversary.D. The pening ceremny.
6. What d we knw abut Writer’s Digest frm the text?
A. It has a lng list f guest clumnists.
B. It was nce a family-wned business.
C. It is financially supprted by the cmmunity.
D. It cntributed t the technlgical revlutin.
7. What can we infer abut the authr?
A. She used t be a nvelist.B. She is with Writer’s Digest
C. She was a business wner.D. She is ne hundred years ld.
8. What is the authr’s main purpse in writing the text?
A. T express gratitude.B. T prmte sales.
C. T intrduce a magazine.D. T emply new staff.
【答案】5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A
【解析】这是一篇应用文。主要讲述了Writer’s Digest杂志庆祝创刊100周年，对读者和所有支持这本杂志的人表示感谢。
5. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“It is because WD survived all that, that I view this anniversary issue as a lve letter t every single persn wh has cntributed t keeping WD alive ver these amazing, and tugh, and change-filled 100 years.”（正是因为Writer’s Digest幸免于难，我将这个周年纪念日视为致每位个人的情书，这些人是的Writer’s Digest历经了100年的艰辛依然顽强存活着。）以及第一段中“It’s hard t verstate just hw much Writer’s Digest has survived t make it t its centennial.”（很难描述Writer’s Digest生存了多少年，以迎接centennial华诞。）可推知Writer’s Digest迎接的是100周年纪念。故选C项。
6. 细节理解题。根据第一段中“The shift frm being family-wned business t a crpratin with investrs.”（从家族企业转变为有投资者的公司。）可知Writer’s Digest过去曾经是家族企业。故选B项。
7. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“But mst f all, this is a lve letter t ur readers. Yu give the magazine purpse and the mtivatin t keep ging.”（但最重要的是，这是给读者的一封情书。 您赋予杂志以继续前进的目的和动力。）可推知作者就职于Writer’s Digest。故选B项。
8. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Thank yu t the Rsenthal family fr starting a magazine—a cmmunity—like this. T the publishers, editrs, and all the ther behind--the-scenes flks wh made sure each issue ver the many decades was the best it culd be, thank yu fr yur hard wrk and lng hurs.”（感谢Rsenthal家人创建这样的杂志。 对于出版商，编辑者以及所有其他后面的人——幕后工作人员，他们确保数十年来的每一期都是最好的，感谢您的辛勤工作和辛苦的工作。）可知作者写这篇文章的目的是为了表达感谢。故选A项。
3
Last year, I went thrugh every high schl senir’s nightmare: I was refused frm all the clleges I applied t. It’s nt that I was a bad student. I had a narrw visin, applying nly t sme key schls. S when I gt refused, I gt int a panic. I thught there was nly ne path t success, and I wasn’t n it. While all my friends were picking ut twin extra-lng sheets, I was left wndering what kind f future I culd have.
When my panic faded, I signed in the cmmunity cllege. I wasn’t excited. I imagined cmmunity cllege classrms with incmpetent teachers that taught their students t sleep. I was s wrng. My art histry prfessr was s petic, and her lectures felt spken wrd. My classmates were intelligent and came frm all walks f life — still figuring things ut like me.
I decided t give myself a year f experiment. Aside frm general educatin, I tk a range f classes. I knw it seems like a randm kind f classes, but it allwed me t knw what I like and dn’t like. I used t have this idea that I had t rush in rder t achieve a certain level f success by a certain age, but a year f cmmunity cllege has taught me t slw dwn, and t recgnize that things take time t adjust. I still hpe t transfer t a fur-year university next year, but I’ll be ging abut it as a mre mature persn.
Being arund students frm all walks f life has made me realize that I’m nt late in the game at all. There’s mre than ne way t get where yu want t be.
9. What caused the authr’s “high schl senir’s nightmare”?
A. He was rejected by the clleges he applied t.
B. He didn’t d well in sme subjects at schl.
C. He nly tk sme key schls int cnsideratin.
D. He gt cnfused abut which schl t apply t.
10. What des the underlined part mean in Paragraph 1?
A. The authr’s friends have extra sheets.
B. The future fr the authr’s friends is clear.
C. The way t success is lng fr the authr’s friends.
D. The authr’s friends have many chices.
11. Why was the authr unhappy in the cmmunity cllege at first?
A. His art histry prfessr was extremely expressive.
B. He didn’t like studying with students frm all walks f life.
C. He thught the teachers in the cmmunity cllege had pr ability.
D. He learned students in the cmmunity cllege always slept in class.
12. What did the authr learn frm his experience in the cmmunity cllege?
A. There’s n need t hurry t achieve certain success.
B. A year f experiment is nt wrthwhile fr him at all.
C. The way t success is t transfer t a fur-year university.
D. It’s a waste f time being arund students frm all walks f life.
【答案】9. C 10. D 11. C 12. A
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在被申请的所有大学拒绝后，选择就读社区大学。在那儿作者接触到来自各行各业的人及老师后，改变了他之前的想法，从而深刻的体会到：一个人若想实现梦想，其实不只有一种方法。
9. 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I had a narrw visin, applying nly t sme key schls. S when I gt refused, I gt int a panic. I thught there was nly ne path t success, and I wasn’t n it. (我的眼光很狭隘，只申请了一些重点学校。所以当我被拒绝时，我陷入了恐慌。我以为成功只有一条路，但我没有走)”可知，他只考虑了一些重点学校，就造成了作者的“高中生噩梦”。故选C。
10. 词句猜猜题。根据划线部分所在句“While all my friends were picking ut twin extra-lng sheets, I was left wndering what kind f future I culd have.(当我所有的朋友都在挑选超长的纸张（录取通知）的时候，我却在想我的未来会是怎样的)”可知，划线部分意为作者的朋友有很多其他的选择。故选D。
11. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I thught cmmunity cllege classrms with incmpetent teachers that taught their students t sleep.(我以为社区大学的教室里有不称职的老师教他们的学生睡觉)”可知，作者起初对社区大学很不满意，因为他认为社区大学的教师能力很差。故选C。
12. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“I used t have this idea that I had t rush in rder t achieve a certain level f success by a certain age, but a year f cmmunity cllege has taught me t slw dwn, and t recgnize that things take time t adjust. I still hpe t transfer t a fur-year university next year, but I’ll be ging abut it as a mre mature persn.(我曾经有这样的想法，为了在某个年龄达到一定的成功水平，我必须匆忙，但一年的社区大学教会我放慢脚步，认识到事情需要时间来调整。我仍然希望明年能转到四年制大学，但我会以一个更成熟的人的身份去做)”可知，作者从他在社区大学的经历中了解到没有必要急于取得一定的成功。故选A。
4
What defines (定义) a generatin? Often, experts say, members f a generatin are defined by the events that shaped their lives as yung adults.
“Wrld events like wars, pandemics (大流行病) and racial unrest can be especially frmative,” says Meg Jay, a psychlgist and authr f “The Defining Decade: Why Yur Twenties Matter — and Hw t Make the Mst f Them Nw”. Because ur 20s are ften when we have ur first jbs and first relatinships and first mves and first real-wrld experiences, these big events becme imprtant parts f ur life stries.
In 2020, it was a pandemic.
Fr the last three mnths f 2020, the Mnitr fllwed twelve 2l-year-lds frm arund the wrld. We wanted t understand hw this glbal health crisis is encding itself in the cultural DNA f a generatin cming f age in its shadw. Their lives and circumstances as they rlled int 2021 varied wildly. But the lives f the 2l-year-lds we met had many bvius similarities. Separately, fr instance, the internet was their cllective lifeline t the wrld. In Mexic, an art student islating in her family hme psted a daily piece f art t Instagram t remind herself that time had nt stpped altgether. In Germany, a labr rganizer negtiated cntracts and planned strikes via Zm.
By the end f 2020, many f the wrld’s 21-year-lds had lst jbs; thers wndered if they’d ever find ne. In the U. S, yuth unemplyment dubled between July 2019 and July 2020. Als, the pandemic pened fault lines, and stressed ld nes. In India, Jrdan, and Suth Africa, ur 21-year-lds wndered hw they’d cllect enugh mney fr mbile data fr nline studies. In Mexic, Canada, and Germany, 21-year-lds reflected n lneliness as a privilege — that they were alne because they culd islate, their lives nt dependent n ding therwise.
We fund a generatin suspended (悬停) between the wrld they’d grwn up in and uncertain arrival f their future.
13. Accrding t Meg Jay, what determines the future f the peple in their twenties?
A. Their fundamental changes f wrking circumstances.
B. Their great effrts f cping with uncertainties in life.
C. Their first experiences f the majr events then.
D. Their deep reflectins n the attitudes t life.
14. What des the underlined wrds “fault lines” in paragraph 5 prbably mean?
A. Significant emplyment challenges.B. Ptential scial prblems.
C. Special individual privileges.D. Glbal health crises.
15. What’s the writer’s attitude twards tday’s 20s?
A. Apprving.B. Negative.C. Critical.D. Cncerned.
16. What can be a suitable title fr the text?
A. The Wrld Children Have Grwn up in Defines a Generatin
B. A Yung Generatin Was Suspended But Ready t Start
C. A Great Pandemic Has Brught Varius Glbal Crises
D. Wrld Events Changed the Lives f Yung Adults
【答案】13. C 14. B 15. D 16. B
【解析】本文是说明文。主要讲述了20多岁的年轻人因为新冠疫情失去了工作，未来充满着各种不确定性，但年轻人们仍旧决心努力积极应对。
13. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Because ur 20s are ften when we have ur first jbs and first relatinships and first mves and first real-wrld experiences, these big events becmeimprtant parts f ur life stries.(因为我们往往在20多岁的时候开始第一份工作，第一段感情，第一次行动，第一次经历现实世界，这些大事就成为我们人生故事的重要部分)”，可知，他们第一次体验的重大事件决定 了他们的未来，故答案为C。
14. 词句猜测题。根据上文" By the end f 2020, many f the wrld’s 21-year-lds had lst jbs; thers wndered if they’d ever find ne. In the U. S, yuth unemplyment dubled between July 2019 and July 2020. (到2020年底，世界上许多21岁的年轻人都失去了工作，其他人则想知道他们是否能找到一个工作。在美国，青年失业率在2019年7月至2020年7月期间翻了一番)"， 可知本段是在讨论失业问题，因此推断划线句“the pandemic pened fault lines”说明新冠疫情加重了这一问题，因此划线部分指的就是"就业问题"，故答案为B。
15. 推理判断题。根据最后一段" We fund a generatin suspended (悬停) between the wrld they’d grwn up in and uncertain arrival f their future. (我们发现，这一代人徘徊在他们成长的世界与不确定的未来之间)”，可知作者认为现在20多岁的人前途充满着很多不确定，因此推断作者对他们表示担忧和关心，故答案为D。
16. 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是最后一段“We fund a generatin suspended (悬停) between the wrld they’d grwn up in and uncertain arrival f their future.( 我们发现，这一代人徘徊在他们成长的世界与不确定的未来之间)”可知，本文主要讲述了20多岁的年轻人因为新冠疫情失去了工作，未来充满着各种不确定性，但年轻人们仍旧决心努力积极应对，A项“儿童成长的世界定义了一代人”; B项“年轻的一代被搁置，但准备开始”; C项“ 一场新冠疫情带来了各种全球性危机”; D项“世界事件改变了年轻人的生活”。 A、C没有提到年轻人，而D太过空泛。故答案为B。
5
When British musician Paul Bartn perfrms in central Thailand lately, the listeners react wildly. Sme pull his hair r jump n his pian. Others steal his music. The behavir is nrmal, hwever, because these crwds are truly wild—wild mnkeys t be exact.
Bartn plays ften t the animals in Lpburi, an area knwn fr its ppulatins f wild mnkeys. The pianist hpes the music shws bring calm t the animals during the crna virus(COVID-19) crisis.
The disease has caused prblems fr the mnkeys, t. They are hungry. The restrictins n turism mean fewer peple cme t see the mnkeys and feed them.
The mnkeys quickly surrund Bartn when he plays Greensleeves, Beethven's Fur Elise and Michael Nyman's Diary f Lve. Sme f the creatures sit n his chair, while thers climb up his bdy and tuch his head. But, Bartn keeps his attentin n his perfrmance, even as a small mnkey runs ver his hands n the instrument. Other mnkeys take cntrl f his music papers. “I was glad and surprised t find that they were actually eating the music as I was playing it.”
The mnkeys are Bartn's latest animal fans. Past wildlife audience included elephants living in special prtected areas. Bartn hpes t raise peple's awareness f the mnkeys' hunger. At the same time, he hpes t study their behavir as they react t classical music.
“Cme tgether and dn't let the pandemic stp the wild mnkeys getting gd nutritius fd. We need t make an effrt t make sure that they eat prperly. And when they eat prperly they will be calmer,” said 59 -year-ld Bartn.
17. Why des the musician play t the wild mnkeys?
A. T see the wild animals just being themselves.
B. T study their behavir as they react t pp music.
C. T raise mney fr the wild mnkeys' hunger.
D. T help calm them during COVID -19 crisis.
18. What kind f music dcs the musician play?
A. Cntemprary music.B. Classical music.
C. Cuntry music.D. Ppular music.
19. What dcs the underlined phrase “eating the music" in Paragraph 4 refer t ?
A. Stealing his music papers.B. Eating his music papers.
C. Disturbing his perfrmance.D. Enjying his playing
20. What can we infer frm the text?
A. Wild mnkeys like t play with the musician.
B. Peple will start t prtect the wild mnkeys.
C. The COVID-19 has damaged much t the wrld.
D. Music can make the wild animals mre active.
【答案】17. D 18. B 19. D 20. C
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。英国音乐家Paul Bartn最近在泰国中部演出，希望能缓解新冠病毒危机带给动物的压力，带来了很好的反响。
17. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Bartn plays ften t the animals in Lpburi, an area knwn fr its ppulatins f wild mnkeys. The pianist hpes the music shws bring calm t the animals during the crna virus(COVID-19) crisis.)( Bartn经常和Lpburi的动物们玩耍，Lpburi是一个以野生猴子群而闻名的地区。这位钢琴家希望音乐表演能在冠状病毒疫情期间给动物带来平静)”可知，音乐家对着野生猴子演奏是为了帮助他们在新冠肺炎疫情期间保持镇静。故选D。
18. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“The mnkeys quickly surrund Bartn when he plays Greensleeves, Beethven's Fur Elise and Michael Nyman's Diary f Lve.(当Bartn演奏《绿袖》、贝多芬的《致爱丽丝》和Michael Nyman的《爱的日记》时，猴子们很快就把他包围了)”可知，音乐家演奏的是古典音乐。故选B。
19. 词义猜测题。根据第四段中“The mnkeys quickly surrund Bartn when he plays Greensleeves, Beethven's Fur Elise and Michael Nyman's Diary f Lve.(当Bartn演奏《绿袖》、贝多芬的《致爱丽丝》和Michael Nyman的《爱的日记》时，猴子们很快就把他包围了)”以及画线词上文“I was glad and surprised t find that they were actually”以及后文“as I was playing it”可知，让Bartn高兴和惊讶的是，在他演奏音乐的时候，猴子真地在欣赏他的演奏。画线词指的是“欣赏他的演奏”。故选D。
20. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Bartn plays ften t the animals in Lpburi, an area knwn fr its ppulatins f wild mnkeys. The pianist hpes the music shws bring calm t the animals during the crna virus(COVID-19) crisis.( Bartn经常和Lpburi的动物们玩耍，Lpburi是一个以野生猴子群而闻名的地区。这位钢琴家希望音乐表演能在冠状病毒疫情期间给动物带来平静)”以及第三段“The disease has caused prblems fr the mnkeys, t. They are hungry. The restrictins n turism mean fewer peple cme t see the mnkeys and feed them.(这种疾病也给猴子带来了问题。他们挨饿。对旅游业的限制意味着更少的人来看猴子和喂它们)”可推知，新冠肺炎疫情给世界造成严重损害。故选C。
6
Carbn is a chemical element which is present in rganic cmpunds that make us rganisms, plants as well as fssil. It is a vital cmpnent f the greenhuse gas CO2, the highest percentage f the glbal warming gas in the atmsphere.
These Green Huse Gases (GIIGs) alng with ther factrs are respnsible fr the mst discussed issues affecting the planet, climate change. Climate change has and still releases a huge set f envirnmental disasters which are fueling the difficulty f survival n the planet. In rder t eliminate, reduce and adapt t these risks f survival, individuals, rganizatins, and cuntries will have t adpt carbn neutrality measures. The main aim f carbn neutrality is t achieve a net-zer emissin either by balancing the emissin r absrbing f carbn r quit the prductin f carbn. Hwever, t really understand carbn neutrality, the carbn cycle shuld be first understd
The carbn cycle is the transfer f carbn thrugh different media. Carbn has the ability t mve in different media in different frms at different rates and tines. These different factrs (rate, time, and media) are the phenmena underlying carbn neutrality. Fr instance, carbn released int the atmsphere by the rapid burning f fssil fills back as rain in the frm f carbnate (碳酸盐) and is absrbed by the reservirs (ceans, surface water, and the earth surface). Even thugh the exchange f carbn between sme f these reservirs takes a lng time, sme ver 100 years, carbn was absrbed until nw. The main prblem existing tday is that the emissins f CO2 are t high t be ffset by the reservirs, thereby leaving the ffsetting task t us.
The Eurpean Unin (EU) is taking all measures it can t ffset carbn thrugh Emissin trading system which helps industries t manage their carbn ftprints. Similarly, China, which is respnsible fr 25% f the wrld's CO2 emissins due t its ecnmic and industrial structure is currently decreasing its energy cnsumptin/GDP and CO2 emissin/GDP, while increasing is frest cver and air quality thrugh its 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) carbn neutrality actins.
21. What des the underlined wrd "fueling" in Paragraph 2 mst prbably mean?
A. Experiencing.B. Overcming.C. Increasing.D. Ending.
22. Hw des the authr explain the carbn cycle?
A. By giving an example.
B. By cmparing media.
C. By analyzing data.
D. By describing a task.
23. What can be learned frm the text?
A. GHGs take the whle blame fr the climate change.
B. Carbn exchange takes little time.
C. The cntributin f the EU is nt bvius.
D. China las a clear gal in lw-carbn effrts.
24. Which clumn is the text mst likely taken frm?
A. Plitics.B. Envirnment.C. Cmmercial.D. Lifestyle.
【答案】21. C 22. A 23. D 24. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。碳是构成有机物质的基本元素，也是温室气体——二氧化碳的重要组成部分。文章介绍了碳循环，以及为减少碳足迹所采取的碳中和。
21. 词句猜测题。根据划线部分所在句子“Climate change has and still releases a huge set f envirnmental disasters which are fueling the difficulty f survival n the planet.”（气候变化已经并仍在释放一系列巨大的环境灾难，这些灾难fueling地球上生存的困难。）结合句意，尤其是句中的disasters和the difficulty f survival可推知划线词的意思是“增加，加剧”，即“这些灾难增加了地球上的生存困难”。A. Experiencing.经历；B. Overcming.克服；C. Increasing.增加；D. Ending.结束。故选C。
22. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“The carbn cycle is the transfer f carbn thrugh different media.（碳循环是碳通过不同介质的转移。）”和“Fr instance, carbn released int the atmsphere by the rapid burning f fssil fills back as rain in the frm f carbnate (碳酸盐) and is absrbed by the reservirs (ceans, surface water, and the earth surface). Even thugh the exchange f carbn between sme f these reservirs takes a lng time, sme ver 100 years, carbn was absrbed until nw.（例如，化石快速燃烧释放到大气中的碳以碳酸盐的形式以雨水的形式填充回来，并被水库（海洋、地表水和地球表面）吸收。尽管其中一些储层之间的碳交换需要很长时间，有些需要100多年的时间，但碳一直被吸收到现在。）”可推知，作者用举例的方式解释了碳循环。故选A。
23. 细节理解题。根据最有一段的“Similarly, China, which is respnsible fr 25% f the wrld's CO2 emissins due t its ecnmic and industrial structure is currently decreasing its energy cnsumptin/GDP and CO2 emissin/GDP, while increasing is frest cver and air quality thrugh its 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025) carbn neutrality actins.（同样，由于经济和产业结构的原因，中国的二氧化碳排放量占全球的25%，目前，中国正在通过其第十四个五年计划（2021-2025年）的碳中和行动，降低能源消耗/GDP和二氧化碳排放/GDP，同时提高森林覆盖率和空气质量。）”可知，中国计划在第十四个五年计划的碳中和行动中，降低能源消耗和二氧化碳排放的GDP，同时提高森林覆盖率和空气质量。由此可知，中国在低碳方面的努力有一个明确的目标。故选D。
24. 推理判断题。根据文章的主要内容，尤其第一段的“It is a vital cmpnent f the greenhuse gas CO2, the highest percentage f the glbal warming gas in the atmsphere.（它是温室气体二氧化碳的一个重要组成部分，二氧化碳在全球变暖的大气中所占比例最高。）”和第三段的“The carbn cycle is the transfer f carbn thrugh different media.（碳循环是碳通过不同介质的转移。）”以及最后一段“The Eurpean Unin (EU) is taking all measures it can t ffset carbn thrugh Emissin trading system which helps industries t manage their carbn ftprints.（欧盟正在采取一切可能的措施，通过排放交易制度来抵消碳排放，这一制度有助于企业管理碳足迹。）”可知，这篇文章主要介绍了碳、碳循环，以及为减少碳足迹所采取的碳中和。由此推知，文章最有可能出现在环境专栏。故选B。
7
We all need waler t survive, but the general recmmendatin has been t drink mre and mre, with many guidelines nw advising a minimum f eight glasses a day. Is there any evidence shwing that this makes sense? The shrt answer is n. Studies lking at water intakes ver 10 years in the elderly fail t shw any benefits f extra water n kidney functin r lifespan.
Clever marketing frm bttled water cmpanies has nt nly cnvinced us that we need t drink mre water, but als that expensive bttled mineral water is smehw better fr us. We nw drink mre bttled water than ever befre, with the glbal industry grwing rapidly at 10 percent a year. By 2025, the glbal market is estimated t be wrth ＄215 billin. But research shws that tap water nwadays is perfectly safe, and with added fluride （氨化物）, it is als gd fr ur teeth. There have been studies shwing that tap water cntains traces f cmmn pharmaceutical（制药的）drugs, but they have als fund the same levels when testing bttled water. Althugh water in many areas cntains chemicals, the levels are t small t make a nticeable difference t ur health.
Bttled water has devastating envirnmental csts, which is self﹣evident as there are already abundant reprts n pllutin caused by plastic bttles, and n prven health benefits. And, des it taste better?Prbably nt. On the cntrary, there are even blind tastings shwing that tap water scres higher than mst mineral water.
S, still hesitate when presented with bth bttled water and tap water?Prbably yu shuld nt nw. My advice is t stick with tap water: yu will be reducing the glbal envirnmental cst f half a trillin plastic bttles piling up each year and taking a stand against the pwer f marketing.
25. Accrding t the first paragraph，we can knw________.
A. eight glasses f water a day des harm t the elderly.
B. eight glasses f water a day isn't s scientific as we thught.
C. water is essential fr us t survive.
D. drinking extra water benefits ur kidney.
26. Accrding t the authr， which f the fllwing might be a reasn behind peple's chsing bttled water ver tap water?
A. Tap water cntains t much cmmn pharmaceutical drugs.
B. Bttled water is rich in varius minerals.
C. Peple are influenced by bttled water cmpanies' marketing strategies.
D. Tap water is nt s tasty as bttled water.
27. What des the underlined wrd "devastating" in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Ptential.
B. Beneficial.
C. Challenging.
D. Damaging.
28. What message des this passage cnvey?
A. The mre water we drink， the healthier we will be.
B. Tap water shuld becme ur first chice f drinking.
C. Bth bttled water and tap water shuld be ur main chices when thirsty.
D. Bttled water and tap water bth have a lt f advantages.
【答案】25. B 26. C 27. D 28. B
【解析】文章是一篇说明文。文章讲述了自来水和瓶装水到底哪种更适合饮用。
1.细节理解题。根据原文第一段“ Is there any evidence shwing that this makes sense？ The shrt answer is n.”（有证据表明这是合理的吗？简短的回答是否定的。）可知每天八杯水的概念并不科学。选项B.“eight glasses f water a day isn't s scientific as we thught” （每天八杯水并不像我们想的那么科学）与文意一致，故选B。
2.细节理解题。根据原文第二段“Clever marketing frm bttled water cmpanies has nt nly cnvinced us that we need t drink mre water，but als that expensive bttled mineral water is smehw better fr us.”（瓶装水公司聪明的市场营销不仅让我们相信我们需要喝更多的水，而且昂贵的瓶装矿泉水对我们更有益。）可知这都是广告营销的作用。选项C. “Peple are influenced by bttled water cmpanies' marketing strategies.”（人们受到瓶装水公司营销策略的影响）与文意相符，故选C。
3.词句猜测题。根据原文倒数第二段“Bttled water has devastating envirnmental csts，which is self﹣evident as there are already abundant reprts n pllutin caused by plastic bttles， and n prven health benefits. ”（瓶装水的环境代价是毁灭性的，这是不言而喻的，因为已经有大量的报告说塑料瓶造成了污染，而且没有证实对健康有益。）结合后文可知划线处为对环境 “不友好的；毁灭的”之意。选项D符合题意。故选D。
4.推理判断题。根据原文最后一段“S，still hesitate when presented with bth bttled water and tap water?Prbably yu shuld nt nw. My advice is t stick with tap water： yu will be reducing the glbal envirnmental cst f half a trillin plastic bttles piling up each year and taking a stand against the pwer f marketing.”（那么，当你面对瓶装水和自来水时，你还在犹豫吗？也许你现在不应该。我的建议是坚持使用自来水：你将会减少每年堆积的5000亿个塑料瓶所造成的全球环境成本，并且表明你反对市场营销的力量。）可知作者认为要坚持使用自来水。选项B. “ Tap water shuld becme ur first chice f drinking.”（自来水应该成为我们的第一选择）与文意相符，故选B。
8
As a child, Jane Gdall had a natural lve fr the utdrs and animals. And at age 23, she left fr Nairbi, Kenya. There, Jane met famed Dr. Luis Leakey, wh ffered her a jb at the lcal natural histry museum. She wrked there fr a time befre Leakey decided t send her t the Gmbe Stream Game Reserve in Tanzania t study wild chimpanzees. He felt her strng interest in animals and nature, and her knwledge as well as high energy made her a great candidate t study the chimpanzees.
In December 1958, Jane returned hme t England and Leakey began t make arrangements fr the expeditin(考察), securing the apprpriate permissins frm the gvernment and raising funds. In May 1960, Jane learned that Leakey had gained funding frm the Wilkie Brthers Fundatin.
Jane arrived by bat at the Gmbe Stream Game Reserve n the eastern shre f Lake Tanganyika with her mther. The early weeks at Gmbe were challenging. Jane develped a fever that delayed the start f her wrk. Finally, an ld chimpanzee named David Greybeard began t allw Jane t watch him. As a high-ranking male f the chimpanzee cmmunity, his acceptance meant ther grup members als allwed Jane t bserve. It was the first time that Jane had witnessed David Greybeard using tls. Excited, she telegraphed Dr. Leakey abut her bservatin. He wrte back, "Nw we must redefine 'tl' and 'man' r accept chimpanzees as humans."
Jane cntinued t wrk in the field and, with Leakey's help, began her dctral prgram withut an undergraduate degree in 1962. At the University f Cambridge, she fund herself at dds with senir scientists ver the methds she used—hw she had named the chimpanzees rather than using the mre cmmn numbering system, and fr suggesting that the chimps have emtins and persnalities. She further upset thse in pwer at the university when she wrte her first bk, My Friends, the Wild Chimpanzees, aimed at the general public rather than an academic audience. The bk was wildly ppular, and her academic peers were utraged. Dr. Jane Gdall earned her Ph. D. n February 9, 1966, and cntinued t wrk at Gmbe fr the next twenty years.
29. Why did Leakey appint Jane t Tanzania?
A. Jane asked t change her wrkplace.
B. Jane was nt suitable fr her previus jb.
C. Jane's abilities and talents were discvered.
D. The natural histry museum was ut f business.
30. What des the underlined phrase "at dds" mean in Paragraph 4?
A. Agree.B. Disagree.C. Resemble.D. Cincide.
31. In the pinins f the academic peers, what was the value f Jane's first bk?
A. A new directin f knwledge.
B. A cmmn achievement.
C. Wrth farther discussin.
D. Abslute nnsense.
32. What can we learn frm Jane Gdall?
A. Challenging senir scientists is a must in gaining fame.
B. Cperatin is the nly key t making significant discveries.
C. Passin and hard wrk can make a difference in scientific research.
D. The ability t raise funds cunts fr achieving great success.
【答案】29. C 30. B 31. D 32. C
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。简·古道尔博士是一名优秀的黑猩猩研究学者，文章讲述了她的成长和研究经历。
29. 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“He felt her strng interest in animals and nature, and her knwledge as well as high energy made her a great candidate t study the chimpanzees. （他感到她对动物和自然有着浓厚的兴趣，她的知识和充沛的精力使她成为研究黑猩猩的理想人选。）”可知，李基派遣简去坦桑尼亚是因为简的能力和天赋被发现了。故选C。
30. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段第二句中的“hw she had named the chimpanzees rather than using the mre cmmn numbering system, and fr suggesting that the chimps have emtins and persnalities（她是如何给黑猩猩命名的，而不是使用更常见的编号系统，以及如何表明黑猩猩有情感和个性）”可知，此处是指她并不采用前辈科学家提出的编号系统给黑猩猩命名，而是主张表明黑猩猩的情感和个性。所以她并不认同前辈科学家们的命名方式。at dds意为“不同意”。故选B。
31. 细节理解题。根据最后一段倒第二句“The bk was wildly ppular, and her academic peers were utraged. （这本书广受欢迎，她的同行们都很愤怒。）”可知，对她的同行来说，简的第一本书是绝对的无稽之谈。故选D。
32. 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句“He felt her strng interest in animals and nature, and her knwledge as well as high energy made her a great candidate t study the chimpanzees. （他感到她对动物和自然有着浓厚的兴趣，她的知识和充沛的精力使她成为研究黑猩猩的理想人选。）”和最后一段最后一句“Dr. Jane Gdall earned her Ph. D. n February 9, 1966, and cntinued t wrk at Gmbe fr the next twenty years. （简·古道尔博士于1966年2月9日获得博士学位，并继续在冈贝工作了20年。）”可知，激情和努力工作可以在科学研究中影响重大。故选C。