高中英语高考考向22 阅读理解之主旨大意题(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题

这是一份高中英语高考考向22 阅读理解之主旨大意题(解析版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题，共26页。试卷主要包含了 主题句出现在文章的中间等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考向22 阅读理解之主旨大意题
主旨大意题旨在考查考生通过对原文快速浏览正确获取语篇的大意，并对文章的主题、标题、段落、中心思想加以归纳理解以及辨别主要信息和次要信息的能力。要求考生在阅读短文时，能够提炼文章的中心情节，体会作者的主要意图，充分运用逻辑概括能力，透过字里行间获取文章最具代表性的观点、中心论点及作者的情感倾向。
在高考阅读理解中，针对短文主旨常见的命题形式如下：
(1) What would be the best title for the text? /What is the topic of the text?
(2) The main topic / subject of the passage is _________.
(3) The main idea/The general idea is/The main theme of this passage is…
(4) The last paragraph ends the passage with an emphasis on _________.
(5) What is mainly discussed in the text?
(6) What is the main idea of the passage?
(7) What’s the main point the writer is trying to make in the last paragraph?
(8) The purpose of this passage is.
(9) Which of the following statements is best supported by the text?
(10) Which of the following best summarized the passage?
(11) The passage mainly focuses on.
从上述命题形式可以看出，此类阅读测试题主要可概括为两大类，即怎样理解段落及文章整体的中心思想和怎样拟定或选择恰当的标题。
主旨大意题的分类 
1.从考查对象上划分，主旨大意题可分为两种
①篇章主旨：针对全文的主题进行提问。主题句出现在首段的居多，其次是末段或为几段主题的综
②段落主旨：针对某一段或几段的主题提问。主题句可能是段落的首句、末句，也可能需要从上下文中寻找或总结。
2.从考查内容上划分，主旨大意题可分为三种
①主题类(内容)，考查文章或段落的主旨大意；
②目的类，考查文章或段落的写作目的；
③标题类，要求考生选出文章的最佳标题。
◆设问特点：
1. 考查全文主旨或段落大意。
2. 正确选项概况范围大小恰当，主旨判断准确。
3. 错误选项的特点常常是太大、太窄或者偏离主题，主观臆断。
4. 常以main idea, best idea, subject, mainly discuss 等词提问。
◆常考问题：
（1）中心思想类
  The main point /idea of the passage is…
  The passage is mai nly about…     
  The passage mainly discusses…
  The last but one paragraph is chiefly concerned with…?
  Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
（2）标题类  
  Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
  The best title for the passage would be …
（3）目的类
   The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to …
   The passage is meant to ….
   In writing this passage, the author mainly intends to…
怎样理解段落及文章整体的主旨大意
文章是由段落组成的。段落是发展一个主题的一群句子，段落围绕着中心思想展开，而段落的中心思想又是为文章整体的中心思想服务的。寻找具体段落的中心思想的方法是：通过分析篇章结构，找出每小段的主题句，通过主题句找出文章的主题。找准文章的主题句是确定文章主旨大意的关键。主题是文章要表达的中心思想，文章的主题句通常都有一个话题，它是文章的核心。“主题句定位法”是一种行之有效的方法。
但是由于文章的不同，表现的手法也各有不同，主题句出现的位置也不是一成不变的。在许多情况下，尤其在阅读说明文和议论文时，根据其篇章特点我们可以通过寻找短文的主题句来归纳出文章的主题。主题句在文章中的位置通常有三种情况：开头、中间、结尾（含在开头结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的主题句）。因此，仔细阅读这类文章或段落的首尾句是关键。做主旨大意类试题多采用浏览法(skimming)，浏览时，一般不需逐句细读，只选读文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句，重点搜索主题线索和主题信息。
文章主题常常可以通过文章的写作方法来体现，有以下五种情况：
1. 中心主题句出现在文首
开门见山，提出主题，随之用细节来解释、支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想。这是英语中最常见的演绎法写作方式，即由一般到特殊，先提出观点，后举例论证，主题句则出现在段首的写作方法。
新闻报道通常就采用这种写法。新闻报道的首句通常称为“新闻导语”，“导语”实际上就是主题句，是对全文内容的高度概括。大意题、标题一般可在第一句话找到答题依据。
【典例示例】
（2018·新课标卷I）Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit (联系) groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centres, trade, industrialization, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education. Especially glbalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many Languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English. Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages. Often spoken by many people while hot. wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 Languages: the Americas about 1,000. Africa 2 400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number(中位数) of speakers is a mere 6.000, which means that half the worlds languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of, 6,800 languages are close to extinction(消亡), with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon (eight remaining speakers), Chiapaneco in Mexico(150). Lipan Apache in the United States(two or three) or Wadjigu in Australia (one, with a question-mark): none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
31. What is the min idea of the text?
A. New languages will be created.
B. Peoples lifestyles are reflected in languages
C. Human development results in fewer languages
D. Geography determines language evolution.
【文章大意】本文是一篇议论文。文章讲述了随着社会的发展人类语言越来越少及其原因。
【答案】C
【解析】主旨要义题。根据文章第一段中的主题句Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going.可知，语言的产生和消失进行了几千年，但最近时代语言产生的少，消失的太多。故选C。
2. 主题句出现在文尾
在细节后，归纳要点、印象、结论、建议或结果，以概括主题。这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式，即细节表述的句子在前，概括性的句子居后，主题句则常位于末段。
【典例示例】
The famous American gorilla(大猩猩) expert Diane Fossey had a completely new way to study gorillas — she pretended to be one of them. She copied their actions and way of life — eating plants and getting down on her hands and knees to walk the way a gorilla does. It was a new relationship.
Diane Fossey was murdered in Rwanda in 1985 and her story was made into the popular film Gorillas in the Mist. It was a long way from King Kong, which is about a gorilla as a monster(a frightening animal), and helped to show a new idea: the real monster is man, while the gorilla is to be admired.
Today there are thought to be around 48,000 lowland gorillas and maybe 400—450 mountain gorillas in the wild. From the Congo in West Africa, to Rwanda and Uganda further east, they are endangered by hunting and by the cutting down of their forest homes.
Some time ago, I found in my letterbox a little magazine from the World Wide Fund for Nature. It had two photos side by side. One was of a young gorilla. “This is a species of mammal(哺乳类动物),” said the words below it. “It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own good.” The other photo showed a human baby. The words also read, “This is a species of mammal,” but then went on: “It is the most destructive(破坏性的) on earth. We must retrain it for its own good.”
56. The text mainly talks about ________.
A. Diane Fossey B. the gorillas in Rwanda
C. the protection of the gorillas D. the film Gorillas in the Mist
【答案】C
【解析】文章第一段谈到Diane Fossey对大猩猩的研究；第二段谈到根据她的事迹所拍摄的影片；第三段谈到了大猩猩数量减少的原因；最后一段谈到保护大猩猩的宣传的措施。前面三段都是为最后一段做铺垫的，从最后一段的“It is being destroyed by man. We must save it for our own good.”可知，最主要的目的还是要人们保护大猩猩。
3. 首尾呼应的写作方法
为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结尾时再次点出主题，这种首尾呼应的写作方式也较为多见。通常，前后表述主题的句子不是简单的重复，后面的往往有进一步的引申或发展的意味。
【典例示例】
Lacrosse(曲棍球) is a popular sport in Canada. The Indians in Canada invented it. They used it to train for war. They invented this game before Columbus arrived in the New World.
People play lacrosse outdoors. The lacrosse field is seven meters long. At each end of the field there is a goal. The goal is a net. There are ten players on each team. Each player has a stick called “cross”. The player hit a ball into the net as many times as possible. Lacrosse is a very fast game because the players can catch and pass the ball at a high speed with their sticks. Players often get great fun it playing lacrosse.
There are many lacrosse clubs and lacrosse teams all over Canada. Every night Canadians can watch the lacrosse games on TV or listen to the lacrosse games over the radio.
At one time lacrosse was the national summer sport in Canada. Today it is still popular with Canadians.
1. The passage is mainly about ________.
A. How to Play Lacrosse
B. Lacrosse in Canada
C. The History of Lacrosse
D. Lacrosse—A Popular Game in Canada
【答案】D
【解析】作者先后两次提到“长曲棍球在加拿大很受欢迎”，显然选项D最符合短文的主题。
4. 中心主题隐含在全文之中，没有明确的主题句
阅读这样的文章，就要求考生根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。分析的方法是，先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几个方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。该类型的试题则迎刃而解。
【典例示例】
【2019·全国卷II，C】
Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach’s Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e-book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel’s “me” time. And like more Americans, she’s not alone.
A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half(46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.
“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know?” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself,” she said.
Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local videographer, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he’s on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction(交流). “I reflect on how my day’s gone and think about the rest of the week,” he said. “It’s a chance for self-reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”
That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one，but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn’t feel as alone as it may have before al the advances in technology,” said Laurie Demerit, whose company provided the statistics for the report.
31. What is the text mainly about?
A. The trend of having meals alone.
B. The importance of self-reflection.
C. The stress from working overtime.
D. The advantage of wireless technology.
【语篇解读】本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势。
31. A
【解析】主旨大意题。本文通过一份调查结果显示，很大比例的人选择独自用餐，原因很多，比如逃离工作氛围，或者反思自己，但是独自用餐正慢慢成为一种趋势，故选A。
5. 主题句出现在文章的中间
通常前面只提出问题，文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出，而后又作进一步的解释、支撑或发展。
【典例示例】
The Sahara Festival is a celebration of the very recent past. The three-day event is not fixed to the same dates each year, but generally takes place in November or December. It is well attended by tourists, but even better attended by locals.
During the opening ceremonies, after the official greetings from the government leaders, people who attend the festival begin to march smartly before the viewing stands, and white camels transport their riders across the sands. Horsemen from different nations display their beautiful clothes and their fine horsemanship. One following another, groups of musicians and dancers from all over the Sahara take their turn to show off their wonderful traditional culture. Groups of men in blue and yellow play horns and beat drums as they dance in different designs. On their knees in the sand, a group of women in long dark dresses dance with their hair: their long, dark, shiny hair is thrown back and forth in the wind to the rhythm of their dance.
...
67. This passage mainly tells readers _______.
A. what happens on the opening day of the Sahara Festival
B. how people celebrate during the three-day Sahara Festival
C. what takes place at the closing ceremonies of the Sahara Festival
D. how animals race on the first and the last days of the Sahara Festival
【答案】A
【解析】从文中第二段第一句话“During the opening ceremonies,”可以看出，本文主要是介绍“撒哈拉节”开幕式上的活动。答案选A。
怎样给阅读文章整体加注标题
——高度概括法
对文章主旨大意的考察，不仅可以直接以理解段落及文章的主旨大意的形式出现，而且也可以用选择或拟定文章标题的形式出现。因此，选择文章标题，首先可以按照主旨大意的确定方式，先弄清文章的主旨大意，再定标题。
标题位于文章之首，用来高度概括文章内容，点明文章主题。它是段落中心思想最精练的表达形式。标题可帮助读者迅速推测出整篇文章的主要内容，抓住文章的中心，把握作者的观点和意图。那么如何选择文章的标题呢？
首先，要考虑标题对文章的概括性或覆盖面如何。一般要求能覆盖全文内容，体
现文章主旨。要避免下列三种情况：①概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致范围太小）；②过度概括（多表现为脱离本文章内容的发挥）；③以事实、细节替代抽象具体的大意。
其次，要考虑标题的针对性，即标题范围要恰当，针对性强。要在阅读原文的基础上，
仔细考虑所选标题与文章主题是否有密切的关系。既不能太大，也不能太小，太大则中心就不突出，太小也发挥不了应起的作用；精确度高，不能随意改变语言的表意程度及色彩。它可以是单词、短语，也可以是句子。
再次要注意标题的醒目性，标题的选择要简洁、突出、新颖，标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。标题的好坏往往影响了文章的可读性，读者常常从标题上决定文章的阅读取舍。故标题一般比较醒目，甚至比较离奇，以此来吸引读者对文章的兴趣。
最后要注意，要恰当地选好标题，还需要了解标题的基本拟定方法。一般说来，拟定标题是以话题为核心，与控制性概念的词按一定的语法浓缩为概括主题句或中心思想的词组。比如某一文章的中心句为：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names on Thursday Nov. 18th 2004 in Beijing.
话题：Stamps
控制性概念：CHINA issued the first set of stamps depicting the top 128 Chinese family names
标题：China issued 1st set of stamps on family names
【典例示例】
August 8, was Earth Overshoot Day. Calculated annually by the environmental advocacy(支持，拥护) group, Global Footprint Network(GFN), it is the day when human has consumed all the natural resources — produce, meat, fish, water, and wood — that our planet can regenerate(再生) in a single year. This means that for the rest of 2016, we will be using natural resources that are impossible to replace.
For those that are a little confused, it is similar to spending your entire year’s allowance by August and then borrowing money from friends, knowing fully well that you cannot repay the loan. GFN says that the same thing happens in the case of the Earth.
The date of Earth Overshoot Day varies each year. In an ideal, fully sustainable world, we should only spend what we have. This means that Earth Overshoot Day would fall on December 31, or perhaps even spill into the following year, indicating that we are saving some resources for a rainy day. That did happen in 1961, when we only consumed three-quarters of what the planet produced.
Unfortunately, the day has been going up rapidly since 2014 when it fell on August 19. In 2015, it was August 13, and this year, the earliest so far — August 8! The only way to sustain this demand would be to have 1.6 earths, which as we all know, is not possible.
Fortunately, experts say that the situation is not as grim as it sounds. Many countries are already taking steps to reduce carbon emissions, which accounts for 60% of our ecological footprint, by switching to solar or wind-generated power.
Individuals can also help by eating less meat, walking, biking, or taking public transportation, as well as adopting the three R’s: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle. If we all work together, we can help push back Earth Overshoot Day to December 31, or even beyond!
27. What is the best title for the passage?
A. A Warning: Earth Overshoot Day
B. A Celebration: Earth Overshoot Day
C. A Reminder: Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
D. An Advertisement: Global Footprint Network
【文章大意】 本文是一篇环保类说明文。文章介绍了Earth Overshoot Day。今年在八月八号我们就已经消耗掉今年全年的可再生资源，接着又介绍了Earth Overshoot Day的计算方法。通过介绍Earth Overshoot Day，作者呼吁人们减少资源浪费。
【答案】A
【解析】今年的Earth Overshoot Day是八月八号，即我们今年在八月八号就已经消耗掉我们今年全年的可再生资源。本文通过介绍Earth Overshoot Day告诉人们要减少资源浪费，所以最佳标题应是A项。
【检测训练】
1
Regardless of how famous they are, and despite the star treatment they receive, many celebrities make it a point to give back to charities. Some have even set up their own private foundations. Their widely publicised visits to troubled areas of the world help to raise awareness of issues such as famine and poverty. According to Jane Cooper of Unicef UK, celebrities have a unique ability to reach huge numbers of people, many of whom might not otherwise be engaged in charitable causes. She pointed out that famous faces had played a significant role in raising funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school.
But in spite of these successes there is evidence to suggest that celebrity endorsement (代言) may be overrated. In a survey of members of the public to find out if celebrity involvement would encourage people to donate, researchers found that the impact was not as great as previously thought. When shown a list of well-known organisations and famous people who represent them, over half of respondents were unable to match the celebrity with the cause. What’s more, three quarters claimed that they didn’t respond to celebrity endorsement in any way. The survey also showed that a few names did stand out as being associated with particular charities. But the presence of a celebrity in a campaign, was not a significant factor when it came to a decision to donate time or money. Instead, the majority of people contribute because of personal connections in their lives and families which make a charity important to them.
In another study aimed at young people, most participants cited a compelling (无法抗拒的) mission as their main motivation to give. The second most important incentive was if a friend or peer recommended supporting a particular cause. Only two percent of respondents said they were motivated by celebrity endorsement. This seems to contradict the general assumption that teenagers are particularly influenced by famous people. One possible explanation is that there is a general fatigue (疲倦) with celebrity culture. There is also a suspicion that the stars are the one who benefit most when they offer to do charity work. Some critics have accused that celebrities might actually take attention away from issues by attracting more attention than the causes they represent.
So taking all these issues into account, is it time for charities to rethink their campaign strategies and look for alternative ways to reach new audiences? Whichever point of view you favour, there seems to be opportunities for more research into how charity campaigns might develop relationships with celebrities to maximise their potential. This in turn will open up more engagement, and better targeted campaigns-which can only benefit those who really matter — the people and animals that are in need of assistance.
1. What does the underlined word “tangible” in paragraph I probably mean?
A. Definite. B. Complicated. C. Limited. D. Temporary.
2. According to the passage, most people contribute to charities because ________.
A. they gain benefit from the charities
B. they are forced to finish a necessary task
C. they believe in the famous people they like
D. they are inspired by the people around them
3. The third paragraph is mainly about ________.
A. what celebrities achieve in doing charities
B. How young people react to celebrity culture
C. why young people are hardly influenced by celebrities
D. who is to blame for taking attention away from charities
4. What is the author's attitude towards celebrity doing charities?
A. Objective. B. Positive.
C. Negative. D. Unclear.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C 4. A
【解析】这是一篇议论文。文章主要分析了名人做慈善的利与弊。
1. 词句猜测题。第一段划线词所在句“She pointed out that famous faces had played a significant role in raising funds in recent years, and their energies had produced tangible results, such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school.(她指出，名人近年来在筹集资金方面发挥了重要作用，他们的精力产生了切实的成果，比如让贫困国家的数百万儿童上学)”中的“such as enabling millions of children in poorer countries to attend school”部分表明，名人们在慈善方面的努力取得了实在的成果，所以可以推测tangible意为“切实的，实在的”。A. Definite.确切的；B. Complicated.复杂的；C. Limited.有限的；D. Temporary.暂时的。所以A选项和划线词词义最接近，B、C、D都不符合。故选A项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Instead, the majority of people contribute because of personal connections in their lives and families which make a charity important to them.(相反，大多数人捐款是因为他们生活和家庭中的私人关系，这使得慈善对他们很重要)”可知，大多数人向慈善机构捐款是因为他们受到周围人的鼓舞。故选D项。
3. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Only two per cent of respondents said they were motivated by celebrity endorsement. This seems to contradict the general assumption that teenagers are particularly influenced by famous people.(只有2%的受访者说他们受到名人代言的激励。这似乎与一般的假设相矛盾，即青少年特别容易受到名人的影响)”可知，与一般的假设相反的是，青年人几乎不会受到名人的影响，余下内容“One possible explanation is that…There is also a suspicion that…Some critics have accused that…”则主要讲述了原因，所以第三段主要讲述青少年几乎不受名人影响的原因。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。文章前面主要讲述了名人做慈善带来的切实的成果以及被夸大的现象，最后一段“So taking all these issues into account, is it time for charities to rethink their campaign strategies and look for alternative ways to reach new audiences?... This in turn will open up more engagement, and better targeted campaigns-which can only benefit those who really matter — the people and animals that are in need of assistance.(因此，考虑到所有这些问题，慈善机构是否应该重新考虑他们的竞选策略，寻找其他途径来接触新的受众？……这反过来又会促进更多的参与和更有针对性的运动——这只会让真正重要的人受益——那些需要援助的人和动物)”提出慈善机构应该多方考虑，最终目的是使得真正需要的人或动物受益。所以作者是以客观的态度来分析名人做慈善这件事。A. Objective.客观的；B. Positive.积极的；C. Negative.消极的；D. Unclear.不清楚的。故选A项。
2
In previous recessions (经济衰退), billionaires were hit along with the rest of us; it took almost three years for Forbes’s 400 richest people to recover from losses caused in 2008’s Great Recession. But in the coronavirus recession of 2020, most billionaires have gotten richer than ever before.
Billionaires increased their new billions just as millions of other Americans ran into terrible financial problems. More than 20 million people lost their jobs at the start of the pandemic. Food banks across the country are preparing for another great increase in demand. Why are American billionaires doing so well while so many other Americans suffer? People may find part of the reasons from the following fact. Stocks (股票) are overwhelmingly owned by the wealthy, and the stock market has recovered from its early-pandemic depths much more quickly than other parts of the economy.
But some billionaires are also benefiting from economic and technological trends that were accelerated by the pandemic. Among these are the owners and investors of retail giants like Amazon, Walmart, Target, Dollar Tree and Dollar General, which have reported huge profits this year while many of their smaller competitors were defeated completely as the coronavirus spread.
Then there are companies that have bet on the rapid digitization of everything Eric Yuan, the chief executive of Zoom, became a billionaire in 2019. Now he is worth almost $20 billion. Dan Gilbert, the chairman of Quicken Loans, was worth less than $7 billion in March, now he commands more than $43 billion. But there is a great deal of stratification (层化) even among billionaires—richer billionaires got even richer in 2020 than the poorer ones did. Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s funder, was worth about $113 billion at the start of the pandemic. Now he is worth $182 billion. Two years ago, Bezos was the only “centibillionaire” on earth—the trendy neologism (a new word) for people whose wealth exceeds (超过) ￥100 billion.
5. What does the author mainly tell us in the passage?
A. Food banks are not enough in the United States.
B. The richest kept getting richer even in the pandemic.
C. The stock market recovered before the pandemic started.
D. 400 richest people recovered from losses in the pandemic.
6. What is “part of the reasons” that is implied in Paragraph 2?
A. The American inequality.
B. The recovery of stock market.
C. The effect of the pandemic.
D. The food shortage across the country.
7. What is one of the changes during the pandemic?
A. The decline of digital games.
B. More money lent to people by banks.
C. The trend of technology acceleration.
D. High profit earned by smaller companies.
8. Why does the author refer to “centibillionaire” as a “neologism”?
A. It is a new title in the stock market after the recession.
B. It is a new way of solution to poverty through the world.
C. It is a newly established company during the pandemic.
D. It is a new term for people whose wealth exceeds $100 billion.
【答案】5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。在新冠疫情期间，大多数亿万富翁比以往任何时候都更富有。文章对这种现象进行了介绍和分析。
5. 主旨大意题。根据第一段最后一句“But in the coronavirus recession of 2020, most billionaires have gotten richer than ever before.”（但在2020年的冠状病毒衰退中，大多数亿万富翁比以往任何时候都更富有。）可知，文章主要是讲最富有的人在疫情中也变得越来越富有。故选B。
6. 词句猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“Stocks (股票) are overwhelmingly owned by the wealthy, and the stock market has recovered from its early-pandemic depths much more quickly than other parts of the economy.”（股票绝大多数由富人持有，股市从疫情早期的深度中复苏的速度远远快于经济的其他领域。）可知，“part of the reasons”是指美国的不平等。故选A。
7. 细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But some billionaires are also benefiting from economic and technological trends that were accelerated by the pandemic.”（但一些亿万富翁也受益于这场大流行加速了的经济和技术趋势。）可知，在疫情中的变化有技术加速的趋势。故选C。
8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Two years ago, Bezos was the only “centibillionaire” on earth—the trendy neologism (a new word) for people whose wealth exceeds (超过) ￥100 billion.”（两年前,贝佐斯是唯一的“centibillionaire”——表示一个人的财富超过￥1000亿的时尚新词）可知，因为这是一个新词，指的是那些财富超过1000亿美元的人，所以作者把“centibillionaire”称为一个“neologism”。故选D。
3
Have you ever heard about Black Friday and Cyber Monday? Surely, they are all about finding the best deals on holiday gifts for yourself and family members. And have you heard about GivingTuesday? Here is something about it!
GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encourages people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community. The “Global Day of Giving” was started in 2012 by New York City nonprofit 92nd Street Y and the United Nations Foundation.
Unlike Black Friday, GivingTuesday serves a more altruistic purpose. In its first year, the movement brought in almost $10 million for charities, and things have only improved since. In 2019, many GivingTuesday social media campaigns worldwide helped raise an amazing $ 1.9 billion from 27 million donors! Over the past five years, many higher education institutions have also been using the Tuesday after Thanksgiving to ask alumni for donations. In 2019, the University of Michigan, which calls it Blueday, received 5887 gifts totaling over $4 million, while Pennsylvania State University raised $710 000 to benefit over 85 University programs.
Though donating money certainly helps, there are many other ways to support the great cause, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. You can video tutor kids struggling with online learning, or team up with an adult to get groceries or medications for an elderly neighbor. Alternatively, call on your peers to help you with a service project that addresses an issue close to your heart, or pick one from the several ideas suggested on the GivingTuesday website. You can also donate your gently-used clothes and toys to local shelters, or mail a handwritten note to a grandparent or a friend you miss seeing.
What are you going to do to make a positive difference in your community on GivingTuesday? Let us know by adding your comments below!
9. Why does the author mention Black Friday and Cyber Monday in Paragraph 1?
A. To make a comparison. B. To lead to the topic.
C. To arouse readers’ interest. D. To express his doubt.
10. What’s the aim of GivingTuesday?
A. To promote the development of economy.
B. To attract people to buy more holiday gifts.
C. To call on more universities to donate money.
D. To encourage people to help those in need.
11. What does the underlined word “altruistic” in Paragraph 3 mean?
A. Selfless. B. General. C. Specific. D. Complex.
12. What is Paragraph 4 mainly about?
A. Where people can offer their kind help.
B. What people can do on GivingTuesday.
C. How people can stay safe during COVID-19.
D. Why people need to support the great cause.
【答案】9. B 10. D 11. A 12. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了GivingTuesday的起源、发展以及在这一天人们做的慈善活动。
9. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Have you ever heard about Black Friday and Cyber Monday? Surely, they are all about finding the best deals on holiday gifts for yourself and family members. And have you heard about GivingTuesday? Here is something about it!(你听说过黑色星期五和网络星期一吗？当然，他们都可以来为自己和家人找到最划算的节日礼物。你听说过“GivingTuesday”吗？这里有一些关于它的东西！)”可推知，作者在第一段提及Black Friday和Cyber Monday这两个节日是为了更好地引出文章的主题——GivingTuesday。故选B。
10. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encourages people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community.(感恩节后的周二是一年一度的“给予星期二”，鼓励人们通过捐款或在当地社区做善事来帮助那些需要帮助的人)”可知，GivingTuesday旨在鼓励人们通过捐款或为他们所在的社区做好事来帮助那些需要帮助的人。故选D。
11. 词义猜测题。根据第二段中“GivingTuesday is observed annually on the Tuesday after Thanksgiving, which encourages people to help those in need by making financial donations or doing good in their local community.”及画线词后文“In its first year, the movement brought in almost $ 10 million for charities”可知，GivingTuesday旨在鼓励人们通过捐款或为他们所在的社区做好事来帮助那些需要帮助的人，而在庆祝这个节日的第一年，这项活动为慈善机构带来了近1000万美元的捐款。由此可知，GivingTuesday的目的是帮助别人，所以画线词所在句表示GivingTuesday服务于一个更无私的目的。故画线词应意为“无私的”。A. Selfless.无私的；B. General.一般的；C. Specific.特殊的；D. Complex.复杂的。故选A。
12. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Though donating money certainly helps, there are many other ways to support the great cause, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. You can video tutor kids struggling with online learning, or team up with an adult to get groceries or medications for an elderly neighbor. Alternatively, call on your peers to help you with a service project that addresses an issue close to your heart, or pick one from the several ideas suggested on the GivingTuesday website. You can also donate your gently-used clothes and toys to local shelters, or mail a handwritten note to a grandparent or a friend you miss seeing.(捐款当然有帮助，但也有许多其他方式支持这项伟大的事业，特别是在新冠肺炎大流行期间。你可以通过视频指导在网上学习中遇到困难的孩子，或者与成年人合作，为年老的邻居购买杂货或药物。或者，让你的同龄人来帮助你解决一个你最关心的问题，或者从“给予星期二”网站上的几个建议中选择一个。你也可以把旧衣服和玩具捐给当地的收容所，或者给你没能见到的祖父母或朋友寄张手写的便条)”可知，第四段主要介绍了在新冠疫情期间，人们在GivingTuesday这一天，除了捐款还可以做的事情。故选B。
4
Morgan’s Wonderland, located in San Antonio, Texas, is a theme park mainly intended for mentally or physically disabled children. The park was built by Gordon Hartman, a former real estate (房地产) developer. The creation of the park was inspired by his daughter, Morgan, who suffers from severe cognitive delay and physical challenges.
The world’s first ultra-accessible family fun park, Morgan’s Wonderland opened in the spring of 2010. Admission for guests with special needs is free, and fees for the general public are set at a much discounted price so that people of all ages and abilities can come together and play in a fun and safe environment.
Completely wheelchair-accessible, the park features 25 acres of attractions including rides, playgrounds, a catch-and-release fishing lake, and picnic areas throughout the park. The rides are custom-designed to accommodate wheelchair riders so that every family member can enjoy the fun. The adapted rides include the Off-Road Adventure, where guests can test their driving skills in sporty vehicles. Moreover, each visitor is offered the option to wear a GPS Adventure Band, which allows them to keep track of each other while in the park. The band also enables them to take part in electronic activities. For example, when the riders scan the band at the Off-Road Adventure, a photo will be taken and sent to their email.
In June 2017, Morgan’s Wonderland celebrated the opening of Morgan’s Inspiration Island. The new expansion is composed of five themed splash pads and a River Boat Adventure Ride. The wheelchair guests can be moved out of their chairs into unique, waterproof chairs and enjoy the splash park without risking damage to their personal wheelchairs.
“Morgan taught me that there’s more to life in many ways than what I saw before,” said Hartman. “The blessing that Morgan has brought is beyond anything that I ever could have imagined and could explain.”
13. What is the passage mainly about?
A. The new addition to Morgan’s Wonderland.
B. The establishment and features of a special theme park.
C. The advanced technological devices in Morgan’s Wonderland
D. The needs of people who suffer from physical and mental disabilities.
14. What does “ultra-accessible” in the second paragraph imply?
A. It’s easy for all visitors to use the facilities.
B. Admission is free for people young and old.
C. Wheelchairs are provided for every featured attraction.
D. Morgan’s Wonderland is situated in a convenient location.
15. What does the park provide to prevent personal wheelchairs from being damaged?
A. Safe Boats. B. Water-resistant cloth. C. GPS bands. D. Special chairs.
16. Which of the following statements is true about Morgan’s Wonderland?
A. Waterproof chairs enable visitors to wonder all over the park.
B. Morgan’s Inspiration Island includes 25 acres of attractions.
C. The success of the park is exactly what Morgan intended to achieve.
D. GPS bands allow visitors to enjoy the convenience of the electronic devices.
【答案】13. B 14. A 15. D 16. D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。摩根仙境位于德克萨斯州的圣安东尼奥，是一个主要为精神或身体残疾儿童开设的主题公园。文章介绍了摩根仙境主题公园的建立和特色。
13. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Morgan’s Wonderland, located in San Antonio, Texas, is a theme park mainly intended for mentally or physically disabled children. The park was built by Gordon Hartman, a former real estate (房地产) developer. The creation of the park was inspired by his daughter, Morgan, who suffers from severe cognitive delay and physical challenges.”（摩根仙境位于德克萨斯州的圣安东尼奥，是一个主要为精神或身体残疾儿童开设的主题公园。公园由前房地产开发商戈登·哈特曼建造。这个公园的灵感来自于他的女儿摩根，她患有严重的认知延迟和身体挑战。）可知，文章主要是讲一个特殊主题公园的建立和特色。故选B。
14. 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句和第二句“Completely wheelchair-accessible, the park features 25 acres of attractions including rides, playgrounds, a catch-and-release fishing lake, and picnic areas throughout the park. The rides are custom-designed to accommodate wheelchair riders so that every family member can enjoy the fun. ”（整个公园拥有25英亩的游乐设施，包括游乐设施、游乐场、钓鱼湖和野餐区。该游乐设施专为轮椅使用者而设计，让每个家庭成员都能享受其中的乐趣。）可知，ultra-accessible意为所有游客都能很容易地使用这些设备。故选A。
15. 细节理解题。根据倒第二段最后一句“The wheelchair guests can be moved out of their chairs into unique, waterproof chairs and enjoy the splash park without risking damage to their personal wheelchairs.”（坐轮椅的客人可以从椅子上挪到独特的防水椅子上，在不损坏自己的轮椅的情况下享受水上乐园。）可知，公园提供了特殊的椅子来防止个人轮椅被损坏。故选D。
16. 细节理解题。根据第三段倒第二句“The band also enables them to take part in electronic activities.”（这个手环还能让他们参与电子活动。）可知，GPS手环可以让游客享受电子设备带来的便利。故选D。
5
Not long ago, Linda Khan was sitting by a hospital bed in Houston, feeling ill at ease. Beside her lay her father who needed a heart surgery. The two of them had engaged in nothing but depressing small talk. Then, her eye fell on a pile of books. She picked up one, and started to read it out loud. "Right away it changed the mood and atmosphere," she says. Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father. Listening allowed the father travel on the sound of his daughter's voice into a place where he felt himself again. “From then on," Khan says, “I always read to him."
In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize. The survey authors owed these improvements in large part to the “rich, varied diet of serious literature" that group members consumed, with fiction encouraging feelings of relaxation and calm, poetry fostering focused concentration, and narratives giving rise to cognitive (认知的) thoughts, feelings, and memories. In truth, almost any kind of reading to another person can be beneficial.
Readers get rewards too. For Neil Bush, the late-life hospitalizations of his famous parents, George H. W. and Barbara Bush, became opportunities to repay a debt of gratitude. “When I was a kid, they would read to me," he said. With his parents in and out of care, “We've been reading books about Dad's foreign policy and, more recently, Mom's autobiography." Bush went on, his voice thick with emotion, “And to read their amazing life to them has been a remarkable blessing to me, personally, as their son."
To many people, reading to parents may seem so far outside the normal range of regular activities, and it may even feel odd and improper. However, there are still a lot many who brave the momentary strangeness of reading to elderly adults and both reader and listeners are, to borrow a phrase from Wordsworth, surprised by the joy of it.
17. What did reading offer to Linda and her father?
A. A way to establish a bond. B. A way to travel together in reality.
C. A way to treat the disease. D. A way to engage in learning.
18. What is Paragraph 2 mainly about?
A. Improvements in mental health. B. Benefits of reading to others.
C. Changes in cognitive process. D. Development of social skills.
19. What does Neil Bush's experience prove?
A. Reading benefits more than the listener
B. Parents should red more to their kids.
C. Children should show their gratitude.
D. Reding to parents is children's duty
20. How does the author feel about reading to an elderly adult?
A. Improper and odd. B. Abnormal but worthy.
C. Rewarding and joyful. D. Interesting but unnecessary.
【答案】17. A 18. B 19. A 20. C
【解析】本文是说明文。文章以琳达通过给住院的父亲读书，从而找到了与父亲建立联系的方法为引子，介绍了读书给别人听的各种好处，并鼓励年轻人读书给老人听。
17. 细节理解题。根据第一段的“Reading gave the daughter a way to connect with her father.(阅读给女儿提供了一种与父亲联系的方式)”可知，阅读给琳达和她的父亲提供了一种建立联系的方法。故选A。
18. 主旨大意题。根据第二段的“In a 2010 survey in the United Kingdom, elderly adults who joined weekly read-aloud groups reported better concentration, less anxiety, and an improved ability to socialize.(2010年在英国进行的一项调查中，参加每周朗读小组的老年人注意力更加集中，焦虑程度更低，社交能力也有所提高)”可知，本段主要讲述阅读不仅可以提高注意力，改善焦虑，还可以提高社交技能，B选项是A项、C项、D项的总结，单独的A项C项D项均不完整，故选B。
19. 推理判断题。第三段首段“Readers get rewards too. (阅读者也会有收获)”，说明阅读对阅读者也有收获，紧接着以Bush的故事来论证这个观点，因此推断从Bush的经历可以证明阅读不仅仅使听者获益，故选A。
20. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“However, there are still a lot many who brave the momentary strangeness of reading to elderly adults and both reader and listeners are, to borrow a phrase from Wordsworth, surprised by the joy of it.(然而，仍然有很多人勇敢地面对对老年人阅读的短暂的陌生感，读者和听众都要借用华兹华斯的一句话，对它的喜悦感到惊讶)”可知，作者认为读者和听者都会为阅读的快乐所震惊，因此推断作者对为老人阅读的态度是收获良多且快乐，故选C。
6
Smartphones, tablets and other digital devices can be addictive. They affect sleep. They draw kids into an alternate universe, often distracting（使分心）them from more productive-and healthier-real-world activities. And they are often linked to anxiety and depression, learning disabilities and obesity（肥胖）. Yet for many teenagers, cellphones and social media are also absolutely necessary tools for planning their social lives, keeping up with schoolwork and staying in touch with out-of-town friends and relatives.
How can parents make the most of the constructive uses of screen-based technology while minimizing its harmful effects？
The key is helping kids use technology as a tool, not a toy, “where there’s some purpose other than the medication of boredom,” says Jim Taylor, a psychologist and author of the book Raising Generation Tech：Preparing Your Children for a Media-fueled World. Taylor, like many other medical and mental health professionals, advises parents to set limits and stick to them. They should restrict the amount of time their kids spend on devices, create tech-free zones-no cellphones in their bedrooms, for example-and tech-free times, such as at the dinner table, in restaurants and on family outings.
Perhaps the best thing you can do is serve as a good role model by exhibiting the same online behavior you expect of your children, says Dr. Elias Aboujaoude, a Stanford University psychiatrist. “If parents are breaking their own rules,” Aboujaoude says, “kids cannot be expected to behave differently.”
Chad Landgraf, 44, of Oklahoma, told me he was worried about how addicted his 12-year-old son and 5-year-old daughter became when they were on their devices. So, hoping to set an example, he switched from e-books to old-fashioned print. “When I had my Kindle or ipad open, they. didn’t know if I was reading or surfing the net,” Landgraf says. “But at least if I have a paper copy of a book, they know I am reading. Modeling seems like the easiest way.”
21. What may be the result of children’s using digital devices?
A. Health improvement. B. Free creation.
C. Sleep disorder. D. Good conduct
22. What does Jim Taylor suggest parents doing?
A. Killing time by using screen-based technology.
B. Forbidding kids using smartphones.
C. Setting clear boundaries for kids.
D. Restricting tech-free family time.
23. Why did Chad pick up old-fashioned print?
A. He was afraid of becoming addicted. B. He expected to be a role model.
C. He was tired of surfing the net. D. He preferred paper copies of books.
24. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Parenting in a digital world B. Learning to be intelligent parents
C. Using smart devices wisely D. Helping children behave themselves
【答案】21. C 22. C 23. B 24. A
【解析】这是一篇说明文。孩子过度使用电子设备会带来很多危害，对于这个问题，文章对父母该如何做提出了建议。
21. 细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“They affect sleep.”（他们影响睡眠。）可知，孩子使用电子设备可能会导致睡眠紊乱。故选C。
22. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Taylor, like many other medical and mental health professionals, advises parents to set limits and stick to them.”（和其他许多医学和心理健康专家一样，Taylor建议父母设定界限，并严格遵守。）可知，Jim Taylor建议父母给孩子设定清楚的界限。故选C。
23. 细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句“So, hoping to set an example, he switched from e-books to old-fashioned print.”（因此，为了树立一个榜样，他从电子书转向了传统的印刷版。）可知，Chad捡起传统的印刷版是为了树立一个榜样。故选B。
24. 标题判断题。根据第二段“How can parents make the most of the constructive uses of screen-based technology while minimizing its harmful effects？”（父母如何才能最大限度地发挥基于屏幕的技术的建设性作用，同时最大限度地减少其有害影响?）可知，文章主要是讲在电子世界父母应该怎么做。故选A。
7
An 85-year-old primary school constructed in 1935 in Shanghai has been lifted off the ground in its entirety and relocated using new technology called the “walking machine.” The project marks the first time this “walking machine” method has been used in Shanghai to relocate a historical building.
Urbanization（都市化）has continued to significantly threaten architectural heritage. In the capital Beijing, for instance, more than 1,000 acres of its historic hutongs and traditional courtyard homes were destroyed between 1990 and 2010.
In the early 2000s, cities including Nanjing and Bejjing-due to the critics’ protest about the loss of old neighborhoods-drew up long-term plans to preserve what was left of their historic sites, with protections introduced to safeguard buildings and restrict developers.
These conservation efforts have taken different forms. In Beijing, a near-ruined temple was transformed into a restaurant and gallery, while in Nanjing, a cinema from the 1930s was restored to its original form, with some additions providing it for modern use. In 2019, Shanghai welcomed Tank Shanghai, an arts center built in renovated（重修的）oil tanks.
“Relocation is not the first choice, but better than destroying,” said Lan, the Shanghai primary school’s project supervisor. “I’d rather not touch the historical buildings at all.” Building relocations he said however, are “a workable option.” “The central government is putting more emphasis on the protection of historical buildings. I’m happy to see that progress in recent years.”
Shanghai has arguably been China’s most progressive city when it comes to heritage preservation. The survival of a number of 1930s buildings and 19th-century “shikumen” （or “stone gate”） house have offered examples of how to give old buildings new life.
“We have to preserve the historical building no matter what, ” Lan said. “The relocation has challenges, but in general, it is cheaper than destroying and then rebuilding something in a new location.”
25. How did cities respond to the loss of historical sites?
A. They criticized the developers. B. They rebuilt the historic hutongs.
C. They ended the significant threat. D. They proposed the protection project.
26. What does the underlined word “it” in Para. 4 refer to?
A. All original form. B. A new addition. C. A cinema. D. A temple.
27. What does the author intend to do in Para. 6?
A. Provide strong evidence. B. Introduce different opinions.
C. Summarize previous paragraphs. D. Add some background information.
28. What’s the best title for the passage?
A. Walking Machine: a New Technology B. Rebuilding: a New Option for Relics
C. Old Building Torn down for Modern Use D. Historical Site “Walks” to New Life
【答案】25. D 26. C 27. A 28. B
【解析】这是一篇说明文。上海一所始建于1935年、拥有85年历史的小学，日前全部拔地而起，并使用名为“步行机”的新技术进行了重新安置。该项目标志着上海首次采用这种“步行机器”的方式来搬迁一座历史建筑。文章对各个城市对历史遗迹的保护的努力进行了介绍，并详细介绍了上海的重新安置历史遗迹的方法。
25. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In the early 2000s, cities including Nanjing and Bejjing-due to the critics’ protest about the loss of old neighborhoods-drew up long-term plans to preserve what was left of their historic sites, with protections introduced to safeguard buildings and restrict developers.”（21世纪初，包括南京和北京在内的城市——由于批评人士对老街区流失的抗议——制定了长期计划来保护遗留下来的历史遗迹，引入保护措施来保护建筑，并限制开发商。）可知，城市提出了保护计划来应对历史遗迹的丧失。故选D。
26. 指代猜测题。根据第四段第二句中的“a cinema from the 1930s was restored to its original form”（20世纪30年代的一座电影院被恢复了原来的形式）可知，it是指电影院。故选C。
27. 目的意图题。根据第六段第二句The survival of a number of 1930s buildings and 19th-century “shikumen” （or “stone gate”） house have offered examples of how to give old buildings new life.（幸存下来的一些20世纪30年代的建筑和19世纪的“石库门”(或“石门”)房屋为如何赋予旧建筑新的生命提供了范例。）可知，第六段中作者提供证据证明在遗产保护方面，上海可以说是中国最先进的城市。故选A。
28. 标题判断题。根据第一段An 85-year-old primary school constructed in 1935 in Shanghai has been lifted off the ground in its entirety and relocated using new technology called the “walking machine.” The project marks the first time this “walking machine” method has been used in Shanghai to relocate a historical building.（上海一所始建于1935年、拥有85年历史的小学，日前全部拔地而起，并使用名为“步行机”的新技术进行了重新安置。该项目标志着上海首次采用这种“步行机器”的方式来搬迁一座历史建筑。）可知，文章主要是讲现在对待历史遗迹采取了一种重新安置的方法。故选B。
8
E-cigarettes can damage vital immune system cells and may be more harmful than previously thought, a study suggests. Researchers found e-cigarette vapour disabled important immune cells in the lung and boosted inflammation (炎症).
The researchers caution against the widely held opinion that e-cigarettes are safe. However, Public Health England advises they are much less harmful than smoking and people should not hesitate to use them as an aid to giving up cigarettes.
The small experimental study, led by Prof David Thickett, at the University of Birmingham, is published online in the journal Thorax. Previous studies have focused on the chemical elements of e-cigarette liquid before it is vaped.
In this study, the researchers designed a mechanical process to mimic (模拟) vaping in the laboratory, using lung tissue samples provided by eight non-smokers. They found vapour caused inflammation and impaired the activity of alveolar macrophages cells (肺泡世噬细胞) that removed potentially damaging dust particles, bacteria and allergens. They sail some of the effects were similar to those seen in regular smokers and people with chronic lung disease.
They caution that the results are only in laboratory conditions and they are planning to do more research to better understand the long-term health impact the changes recorded took place only 48 hours.
Prof Thicket said while e-cigarettes were safer than traditional cigarettes in terms of cancer risk, they may still be harmful in the long-term. If you vape for 20 or 30 years, you can suffer from COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), then that’s something we need to know about.
29. What’s the widely held opinion about e-cigarettes?
A. They’re more harmful. B. They’re less harmful.
C. They’re unknown to people. D. They’re harmless.
30. What can we learn about the study?
A. It’s believable. B. It’s conducted narrowly.
C. It’s accepted by most people. D. It’ s carried out in America.
31. What can we learn about e-cigarettes from the last paragraph?
A. They are safer in terms of mental problems.
B. They may be little harm in the long run.
C. They are safer with regard to cancer risk.
D. They can completely replace traditional ones.
32. What can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Can e-cigarettes damage vital brain system cells?
B. Can e-cigarettes become popular among people?
C. Can e-cigarettes be recommended to smokers ?
D. Can c-cigarettes damage vital immune system cells ?
【答案】29. D 30. B 31. C 32. D
【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了研究人员通过实验证明看似安全的电子烟实际上会损害我们重要的免疫系统细胞。
29. 细节理解题。根据第二自然段“The researchers caution against the widely held opinion that e-cigarettes are safe. (研究人员对人们普遍认为电子烟是安全的观点提出了警告)”可知，人们普遍认为电子烟是安全无害的。故选D项。
30. 细节理解题。根据第三自然段“The small experimental study, led by Prof David Thickett, at the University of Birmingham, is published online in the journal Thorax. (这项由伯明翰大学大卫·西克特教授领导的小型实验研究发表在《胸腔》杂志的网站上)”可知，这只是一个有限的小型实验。故选B项。
31. 细节理解题。根据第自然段“Prof Thicket said while e-cigarettes were safer than traditional cigarettes in terms of cancer risk, they may still be harmful in the long-term. (西克特教授表示，尽管就癌症风险而言，电子烟比传统香烟更安全，但从长远来看，它们可能仍然有害)”可知，就癌症风险而言，电子烟相对安全。故选C项。
32. 主旨大意题。根据第一自然段“E-cigarettes can damage vital immune system cells and may be more harmful than previously thought, a study suggests. (一项研究表明，电子烟会损害重要的免疫系统细胞，其危害可能比之前认为的更大)”和末段“Prof Thicket said while e-cigarettes were safer than traditional cigarettes in terms of cancer risk, they may still be harmful in the long-term. (西克特教授表示，尽管就癌症风险而言，电子烟比传统香烟更安全，但从长远来看，它们可能仍然有害)”可知，本文主要论述了看似安全的电子烟，实际是有害的，它可能会破坏我们的重要的免疫系统细胞。故选D项。
9
China has just officially opened its FAST radio telescope to international scientists. Scientists across the world can submit proposals for astronomical observations using the telescope.
FAST is short for Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (球面射电望远镜) and it is also believed to be the world's largest radio telescope and the most sensitive single-dish radio telescope. The receiving surface area of FAST is 250,000 square meters, about the size of 30 standard football fields. Its construction was completed in September 2016 and it officially began operating in January 2020.
The major scientific task of the telescope is the observation of pulsars (脉冲星) – the rotating neutron stars. The study of pulsars can help to confirm the existence of gravitational radiation and black holes, and help solve many other major questions in physics. Another scientific goal of FAST is to search for outer space civilization.
The telescope is located in a naturally deep and round karst depression in southwest China's Guizhou Province. The first advantage of the selected site is the altitude. The average altitude of Guizhou is about 1,100 meters, which maximizes the effectiveness of the observation equipment. Secondly, the radio telescope needs to have a “big pan” to receive better signal. The huge natural depression could reduce the amount of excavation (挖掘) and difficulty of construction. Moreover, the selected site in Guizhou is far away from cities, and has a small population, which reduces the interference (干扰) caused by wireless devices such as TVs, mobile phones and radios from human activities.
FAST has identified over 300 pulsars. Experts predict that the number could reach 1,000 in five years and that the telescope could locate and identify the first pulsar outside the galaxy. With the opening-up to international scientists, China's FAST is expected to make more contribution to astronomical research in the future.
33. What do we know about FAST?
A. It is opened to global scientists. B. It is a project under construction.
C. It has provided service since 2016. D. It has found a pulsar outside the galaxy.
34. What is the main task of FAST?
A. To study black holes. B. To observe the pulsars.
C. To explore the sun. D. To seek space civilization.
35. What's special about the selected site?
A. It's close to urban areas. B. It reduces engineering amount.
C. It possesses a shallow depression. D. It's at the highest altitude in China.
36. Which can be the best title for the text?
A. Major Scientific Tasks of FAST B. Ways to Select the Site for FAST
C. Contributions FAST Has Made D. Facts about FAST Radio Telescope
【答案】33. A 34. B 35. B 36. D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一些关于500米口径球面望远镜的实际情况。
33. 细节理解题。根据文章“Scientists across the world can submit proposals for astronomical observations using the telescope.（世界各地的科学家可以提交使用望远镜进行天文观测的建议。）”可知，FAST向全世界的科学家开放。故选A项。
34. 细节理解题。根据文章“The major scientific task of the telescope is the observation of pulsars（望远镜的主要科学任务是观测脉冲星）”可知，FAST的主要任务就是观察脉冲星。故选B项。
35. 推理判断题。根据文章“ Secondly, the radio telescope needs to have a “big pan” to receive better signal. The huge natural depression could reduce the amount of excavation (挖掘) and difficulty of construction.（其次，射电望远镜需要有一个“大盘”来接收更好的信号。巨大的自然洼地可以减少挖掘量和施工难度）”可推知，选择地点的特别之处在于减少了工程量。故选B项。
36. 主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了500米口径球面望远镜，包括它的主要任务，选址，建成时间等方面。D项“关于500米口径球面望远镜的实际情况”符合本文标题。故选D项。