高中英语高考考向06 动词(短语)(原卷版)-备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题

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考向06 动词（短语）
英语动词根据其意义和句法作用，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。实义动词又称行为动词，为表示动作或状态的动词，可以单独充当句子的谓语，实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成，在句中起动词的作用。高考设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语词意的辨析及其理解和运用能力。
考向一　常用动词辨析
1.advise，persuade，suggest
advise用作及物动词，表示＂劝告，忠告，建议＂，强调提醒或引起注意；
persuade表示＂说服＂，强调劝说成功，主要搭配是：persuade sb.to do sth.说服某人做某事（相当于persuade sb. into doing sth.）；如表示劝说但不一定成功，则使用try to persuade sb.to do sth.或advise sb.to do sth.。
suggest用作及物动词，意为＂建议＂，后接名词、代词、动名词或从句，从句中的谓语用＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。
2．bring，take，carry，fetch
bring＂带来，拿来，取来＂，强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。
take＂拿走，带走＂，强调把人或物从说话者身边带走，方向与bring相反。
fetch＂去拿来，去取来＂，强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后，又回到甲地，相当于go and bring。
carry＂携带，搬运，运送＂，强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。
3．win，beat，defeat
win表示＂赢得，战胜＂时，宾语多是比赛项目等。win sb.则指＂赢得人心＂。
beat/defeat意为＂打败，击败＂，其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。如：beat sb.打败某人；defeat their team/ the country/the enemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。
beat多用于表示在比赛或争论中战胜对手；
defeat多用于在战争中打败对手。
4．believe，believe in
believe表示＂相信，认为＂，侧重于相信某人说的话或所做事情的真实性，其后可跟名词、代词、不定式的复合结构或宾语从句。
believe in表示＂相信，信任，信仰，信奉＂，其后常接真理、宗教、原则之类的名词。
☞You should believe in yourself and believe that you will succeed one day. 你应该相信自己，并且相信某天你将会成功的。
5．book，order
二者都有＂订购，预订＂之意，但book指订各种＂票，座位＂；而order指＂餐馆订饭、菜，定做衣服，订货＂等，常用结构：place an order for sth. with sb.向某人订购某物。
对比：book a ticket/two seats/a double room订一张票/两个座位/一个双人间；order four dishes/ lunch要四个菜/订好午饭。
☞He booked a table for four and ordered six dishes. 他订了一张四人桌，并且要了六个菜。
6．choose，select，elect
choose表示＂选择，挑选＂，有时也表示＂推选，选举＂，但一般表示范围很小、普通的选择，没有elect正式。 select表示＂（精心地）挑选，选定＂，具有＂精选＂之意。
elect表示＂选举＂，指较大范围的正式的选举。
7．disturb，interrupt
disturb是及物动词，有＂打扰，扰乱，使人心神不安＂之意。常用短语：
disturb the sleeping child/one’s plan/the public peace打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安；
be mentally disturbed精神上受到影响；be disturbed about对……感到不安。
interrupt有＂打断，打扰＂之意，侧重打断。常用短语：
interrupt the supplies中断供应
interrupt one’s speech打断演讲
8．hurt，injure，wound，harm
hurt是一般用语，指精神或肉体上受到的伤害，有较强烈的＂疼痛＂意味；
injure比hurt更正式，常指意外事故对身体或精神上的＂损害，损伤＂；
wound主要指外界暴力引起身体创伤，尤指战争中受的刀、枪、剑等伤；
harm指对人的肉体或精神带来伤害，特指伤及一个人或其心态、健康、权利、事业等，使之产生痛苦、损失或任何不幸遭遇。
9．miss，lose
miss意为＂未能赶上（抓住），错过，失去，漏掉＂。而lose意为＂丢失，迷失方向，迷路＂。
10．fit，be fit for，be fit to，suit
fit用作及物或不及物动词，表示＂（衣服等）合适，使合身＂；
be fit for是形容词短语，表示＂适合的，能胜任的＂，for后接名词或动名词；
befit to表示＂适合，能胜任＂，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。suit指颜色、款式的＂适合＂，而fit指尺寸、大小的＂合适＂。
11．save，spare
save意为＂储蓄，节省＂，指把钱、时间及其他东西储蓄起来以备将来用，或指节省东西，避免浪费，也指＂救命＂。而spare意为＂省＂，指细心地省下或节省钱、时间、力气等，常表示省出一部分以留作他用。
12．seat，sit
seat是及物动词，意思是＂使坐下＂，可以接人作宾语，还可以用于被动语态。常见搭配有：seat sb.使某人坐下；seat oneself自己坐下；be seated＝sit down坐好。而sit是不及物动词，不能带宾语。   
【典例示例】
（2020·江苏卷·单项填空）There will still be lots of challenges if we are to _____ garbage in a short time.
A.clarify B.justify C.satisfy D.classify
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A. clarify澄清；B. justify证明；C. satisfy 满足；D. classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。
（2020·天津卷·单项填空）We offered to give Sharon a ride home, but she ______, saying that she felt like walking.
A.understood B.accepted C.compromised D.declined
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A. understood 理解；B. accepted接受；C. compromised妥协；D. declined谢绝。根据“saying that she felt like walking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。
（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）34.A city is the product of the human hand and mind, __________ man’s intelligence and creativity.
A. resembling B. reflecting C. reviewing D. restoring
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。
（2018· 新课标I卷·完形填空）During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I 41 the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars?
41. A. put forward B. jumped at C. tried out D. turned down
42. A. waste B. earn C. save D. pay
41.B 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。put forward提出； jumped at急于接收；tried out尝试；turned down拒绝。故选B。
42.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。waste浪费；earn赚钱； save节省；pay付钱。故选C。
考向二　考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析
使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over等。
1.动词＋ away构成的短语动词有：
throw away扔掉 put away把……收拾好 give away捐赠，分发
carry away运走 run away 潜逃，跑开 go away 走开
2．动词＋ for构成的短语动词有：
answer for负责 provide for供给 all for要求
plan for打算，为……计划hope for希望，期待 ask for索取，寻找
send for派人去请 go for努力获取 pay for偿还，赔偿
3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有：
try on试穿，试验 put on穿上，上演 have on穿着，戴着
pull on穿，戴 hold on不挂断，坚持，继续 carry on继续开展，坚持
keep on继续 go on继续 get on上（车）
4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有：
come over过来 hand over移交 go over仔细检查，复习
get over克服，恢复 look over检查 think over仔细考虑
take over接受，接管 hand over 移交 turn over翻转
5．动词＋ up构成的短语动词有：
bring up抚育，培养 call up召唤，打电话给 come up走上前来，长出
cut up切碎 fix up修理 give up放弃；go up 上升，增长
grow up 长大 look up尊敬，向上看，查寻 make up虚构，弥补，组成
put up举起，搭建 set up建立，创（纪录） pick up 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到
send up发射 show up 揭露，露面 turn up出现，把……调高一点
【典例示例】
（2020·天津卷· 单项填空）We can’t ______ buying a new printer for our company. The one we have doesn’t work.
A.take up B.carry out C.keep on D.put off
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A. take up占据； B. carry out实施；C. keep on 继续；D. put off推迟。根据“the one we have doesn’t work”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。
（2019· 天津卷· 单项填空）9.Kate heard a man’s voice in the background, but she couldn’t ___________ what he was saying.
A. set aside B. take back
C. make out D. keep off
【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意： 凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。set aside“存储，留出”； take back“收回，拿回”；make out“辨认出，理解，了解”； keep off“（使）避开”。故选C。
（2018· 江苏卷· 完形填空）Raynor Winn and her husband Moth became homeless due to their wrong
investment. Their savings had been 36 to pay lawyers’ fees.
A. drawn up B. used up C. backed up D. kept up
【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A. drawn up起草；B. used up用光；C. backed up拥堵；D. kept up保持。根据后面的to pay lawyers’ fees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。
（2018·天津卷·单项填空）At first Robert wouldn’t let his daughter go diving, but eventually he___________
as she was so confidence about her skills.
A. gave in B. dressed up
C. broke in D. turned up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A. gave in屈服，让步；B. dressed up打扮；C. broke in闯入；打断；D. turned up出现。根据转折词but及原因as she was so confident about her skills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。
（2017· 江苏卷· 完形填空）In his first years of high school, Gabriel would look pityingly at music students, 36（struggling） across the campus with their heavy instrument cases, 37 at school for practice hours 38（before） anyone else had to be there.
A. rising up B. coming up C. driving up D. turning up
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语。根据＂ 37 at school for practice hours 38 anyone else＂可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练习弹奏乐器。turn up在＂出现＂，符合语境。
6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有：
come out出来 go out出去，熄灭 look out留神，当心
walk out走出 set out出发，开始 put out扑灭，生产
give out发出，发表 hand out分发 pick out挑选
find out找出，发现 speak out大声地说 turn out生产，结果是
get out出去，离开 carry out实行，执行 work out计算出，解决，实行，行得通
bring out出版 start out 出发，动身。
【典例示例】
（2017· 江苏卷·单项填空）Working with the medical team in Africa has ____________ the best in her as a doctor.
A. held out B. brought out C. picked out D. given out
【答案】B
【解析】考查短语辨析。hold out坚持；提供机会；伸出手； B. bring out使显现，阐明，出版；C. pick out使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D. give out用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取＂使显现＂之意，故选B。
考向三　常见同根动词短语辨析
1. bring
bring in引进，挣得 bring about引起，导致
bring up养育，培养，呕吐，提出 bring out使展现，推出（书等）
bring down降低，使倒下 bring back把……带回来，使忆起
bring forth结果，生产，产生 bring forward提出，提前
bring off圆满完成（困难之事）
2．break
break down崩溃，瓦解，垮掉，失败，分解 break up打碎，分解，分开，结束，制止
break through逾越，突破，冲破 break away（from）挣脱，脱离
break out爆发 break in破门而入
break into进入建筑物以便行窃，突然发出，打扰 break off折断，中断
3．come
come about发生 come out结果出来，出版，开花
come across偶遇，被理解 come true变为现实
come up走上前，被提出，走近 come along一起来
come up with产生，发现（解决办法等）
4．give
give up放弃 give in屈服，呈交
give out 用尽，耗尽，分发，公布，发表
give off发出 give away颁发，赠送，送掉，捐赠
5．go
go against违背，与……不符，对……不利 go without勉强维持，凑合
go in for爱好，参加，从事 go by过去，依据，按照
go on继续，发生 go over复习，仔细审查，走近
go ahead 进行 go through 从头到尾地阅读，经历
go away走开，外出度假，消失 go for去取来或接来，争取得到
6．keep
keep away（from）使远离 keep back 扣除，保留，隐瞒不讲
keep off 避开 keep on继续
keep out 挡在外边，请勿靠近 keep up保持，不低落，持续，继续
keep up with跟上 keep down抑制（以防其增长）
7．look
look ahead向前看 look about环顾
look back回忆，回顾 look out当心，找出
look up向上看，查阅，看望 look down upon看不起
look through翻阅 look into调查，向内看
look after照看，负责处理 look on旁观
look forward to盼望 look round寻找，边走边看，观光
8．put
put back放回原处，拨回，阻碍，推迟 put down平定，镇压，记下
put away将事物放置于惯常保存之处，储蓄 put forward提出（计划、建议），拨快，提前
put off延期 put on穿戴，上映
put out扑灭，生产 put up举起，张贴
9．take
take in吸收 take for 误认为
take out 拿出 take down 放下
take up从事，拿起，占据 take off 飞机起飞，脱下，休假，成功
take by攻占 take after像
take along 随身携带 take away带走，拿走，使离去
take back 收回，退回（所购商品） take charge 负责，掌管
take on呈现，雇佣 take out拿出，带……出去
take over 接管，接任
【典例示例】
1.（2018· 江苏卷·单项填空）Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______
a clear road map and timetable.
A. calls for B. calls on
C. calls off D. calls up
【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A. calls for需要；B. calls on号召；C. calls off取消；D. calls up使想起。故选A。
2. The general manager has to retire due to his illness. Who do you think will ________the business?
A. take in B. take up C. take on D. take over
【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：总经理由于生病必须退休，你认为谁将接管这个公司?take over
＂接管，接手＂，符合句意。take in＂领会，欺骗＂；take up＂继续，占据(一定的时间或空间)＂；take on＂承担(责任)，呈现＂。
10．turn
turn back折回，掉转头 turn away转身，走开，打发走 turn out结果是，赶出，生产，制造
turn down 拒绝，调小 turn off 关掉 turn over翻过来，移交
turn in上交（作业等），拐入 turn into变成，翻译 turn on打开，取决于
turn to求助于，翻到 turn up调大，出现
【典例示例】
Tom had to _________ the invitation to the party last weekend because he was too busy.
A. turn in B. turn down
C. turn over D. turn to
【答案】B
【解析】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。turn in 上交； turn down拒绝； turn over 移交； turn to求助。根据句意可知选B。
【检测过关】
1. She is overweight, but she can’t _______ the temptation to eat more delicious food.
A. forbid B. resist C. reject D. reduce
2. Scientists are trying to find out what advantage should be _______ the natural resources in this area.
A. taken off B. taken on C. taken of D. taken up
3. Don’t forget to ________ your things after you have finished your homework.
A. set aside B. put away C. take away D. put into
4. Body language can________ a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.
A. break down B. give away C. put off D. pick up
5. In the face of this situation, the manager of the company said they would ______new products to meet the needs of customers.
A. give out B. roll out C. hold out D. bring out
6. The youth like me mostly take a liking to pop music more than classical music, which really ______us .
A. turns...down B. turns...in C. turns...over D. turns...off
7. Students will have their temperatures measured at school gates and must show a "green" health code on a special app that a person's infection risk.
A. celebrates B. cancels C. calculates D. combines
8. To ______ the turkey, people often prepare other things, such as cornbread, mashed potatoes (土豆泥), and pumpkin or apple pie.
A. come across B. go with C. search for D. figure out
9. When dealing with people from different cultures, we should seek common ground and ______ differences.
A. register B. reserve C. request D. restore
10. He didn’t recognize the man who hit him because he could just ____ a dark shape moving towards him.
A. make out B. turn out C. set out D. put out
11. The manager has ______ several principles that he hopes will guide his employees in their work.
A. set in B. set off C. set out D. set aside
12. Whenever I feel lonely or upset, I always do some reading, which ______ me well.
A. serves B. equips C. prepares D. informs
13. What ____ an excellent player from an average one is that the former learns from his errors, while the latter repeats them.
A. defines B. describes C. differentiates D. discourages
14. Dr. Coates, a famous architect from Italy, and his team _____ the design of the city’s landmark.
A. committed B. overcame C. undertook D. spoiled
15. -Professor Li, how can my son develop his interest in literature?
﹣You may first_____ him to classical literary works.
A. devote B. apply C. assign D. expose
16. Some students even don’t know that by helping a partner cheat in a test they may _____ with the same punishment.
A. come up B. end up C. put up D. catch up
17. Policies have been made to help the province hard hit by the disaster to________economy.
A. review B. reveal C. recover D. reserve
18. At the online job fair, students can review job opportunities,__________their CVs and have interviews remotely.
A. drop off B. make up C. cut out D. put away
19. The idea puzzled me so much that I stopped for a few seconds to try to ______.
A. make it over B. make it off
C. make it up D. make it out
20. The regulations_____________anyone in our school with nobody an exception.
A. go for B. call for C. turn to D. belong to
21. I wanted to go to Greece, and my wife wanted to go to Spain, so we _______ Italy.
A. carried on B. compromised on C. concentrated on D. calculated on
22. The naughty boy was so curious that he________his neck to see what was going on.
A. fastened B. stretched C. exposed D. strengthened
23. The eco-friendly water bottles are easy to ______, which causes no harm to the environment.
A. break down B. burn out C. burst out D. put down
24. The habit of writing down information enables people to memorise, to ______ and to process it, helping to learn new knowledge.
A. raise B. predict C. combine D. present
25. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to _________among the candidates and survive the test alone.
A. figure out B. put out C. stand out D. give out
26. Cooking together gives us a chance to relax and _______ each other's days.
A. throw light on B. catch up on C. keep contact with D. set foot in
27. Alzheimer’s disease is _______ as the most common mental disease among older people, and the number of sufferers is growing.
A. judged B. translated C. designed D. recognized
28. Alice spent an afternoon helping her grandfather to the stamps which he had collected for years.
A. make out B. watch out C. sort out D. put out
29. It is a pity that McDermott________with an injury at the last minute in the final game.
A. pulled out B. put up C. took off D. caught on
30. —“Courage, kindness, friendship, character” are the qualities that ______ us as human beings, and push us, on occasion, to greatness.
—Absolutely.
A. define B. explain C. state D. fulfill
31. The heavy traffic during the Spring Festival Travel Rush often the difficulties to obtain a ticket.
A. arises from B. gives off
C. puts off D. contributes to
32. The special knowledge is ______ through families, which means that new generations continue to use ancient methods to maintain the tradition.
A. taken down B. turned down C. stepped down D. passed down
33. Your devotion to work all day doesn't________your neglect of your family.
A. confirm B. justify C. postpone D. advocate
34. -I am sorry to have too much of your time.
-That’s OK, and I am glad to help you.
A. taken on B. taken up C. taken off D. taken in
35. ---Sorry to_____________ you, but could I ask a quick question?
---No problem.
A. trouble B. prevent C. disappoint D. worry
36. This part of the book isn't very interesting, so I'm going to_________ it.
A. deny B. cancel C. skip D. digest
37. The beautiful scenery was_________ before the travelers when they reached the top of the hill.
A. laid out. B. given out C. sent out. D. turned out.
38. —Michelle, have you got your admission to the Pennsylvania State University as a state-financed student?
—I hope so, but I’m not so lucky. I have to ______ my pocket to pay for my further study.
A. turn to B. dip into C. refer to D. see to
39. I have no formal clothes for the occasion. Perhaps I can ______ in a dark suit?
A. go by B. pass by C. drop by D. get by
40. When I came to the strange city, I began to ______ what I would do to earn my living.
A. keep pace with B. give thought to C. make room for D. get rid of
41. Everyone who reached the top of Mount Tai was ______ with a magnificent view.
A. awarded B. admired C. rewarded D. appreciated
42. As a scientist puts it, a virus is color blind, which does not_____on the basis of skin color, religion, or social status.
A. comprehend B. interpret C. correspond D. discriminate
43. These two horses look so much alike that we can not ______one from the other.
A. recognize B. distinguish C. separate D. differ
44. A party which tries to ____ and take account of grass-roots feelings is bound to win mass support.
A. break down B. catch on C. turn over D. reach out
45. If talks about a new deal________, the football player will have to leave the club with the end of his current contract.
A. break off B. break out C. break down D. break through