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中考英语复习资料大全——表示时间的介词最全总结与整理(13) 试卷
展开中考英语 语法复习讲义(十三)表示时间的介词最全总结与整理表示时间的介词表示时间的介词如下:类别举例表示年、月、日、时刻at,on,in表示时间的前后before,after表示期限by,until,till表示期间for,during,through表示时间的起点from,since表示时间的经过in,within1.at,on,inA.at:用于表示时刻、时间的某一点at lunch在午餐时at dawn在黎明at noon正午时at that time那时at night在夜间at the moment此刻,目前at present目前at nine(o’clock)在9点钟at first起初,开始的时候at/on the weekend在周末at last最后at the same time同时at times偶尔,有时at the end of (the) year在年末at the Spring Festival在春节at the Lantern Festival在元宵节at the time of (the) year在一年中的这个时候We usually have lunch at twelve.(我们通常12点吃午饭。)B.on:用于表示某天,某一天的上、下午(指具体的某一天时,一律用on)on Monday在周一on Tuesday morning在周二早上on your birthday在你生日那天on August 8,2008在2008年8月8日on a fine morning在一个晴朗的早晨on a cold night在一个寒冷的夜晚on the New Year’s Eve在除夕on the morning of National Day在国庆节的上午on Children’s Day在儿童节那天on the night of July (the) first在7月1日的夜晚We didn’t listen to the lecture on Wednesday afternoon.(周三下午我们没去听演讲。)C.in:用于表示月、季节、年和泛指的上午、下午、晚上(指在一段时间内)in January在一月in November在十一月in March在三月in the morning在上午in May在五月in the afternoon在下午in spring在春季in the evening在晚上in 2010在2010年in autumn在秋季in summer在夏季in winter在冬季in the 21st century在21世纪in September,2018在2018年9月People go skating in winter.(人们冬天去滑冰。)I will come in the evening.(我晚上会过来。)切记:泛指一般的上午、下午时用in。(in the morning在早上) 特指某日的上午、下午时用on。(on Sunday morning在周日早上)注意:在this,last,next,every等词前面不能再加其他介词。this morning今天上午last Friday上周五next Sunday下周日every Monday/week/spring...每周一/每星期/每个春季……They had a bad harvest that year.(他们那年的收成很差。)2.before,afterA.before:在……之前All passengers must arrive at the airport two hours before(介词)the departure time.(所有的乘客必须在登机前两个小时到达机场。)补充:before的用法:before既可以作介词又可以作连词。He will call me before(连词)he leaves here/before(介词)ten o’clock.(他离开这儿之前/10点之前,将给我打电话。)B.after:在……之后The nights start after(介词)half past five in winter.(在冬天下午五点半以后夜晚就开始降临了。)Please close the door after(连词)you leave the room.(离开房间后请把门关上。)补充:after的用法:after既可以作介词又可以作连词。3.by,until/tillA.by:在……前(时间);截止到……by the end of在……底(之前)by six o’clock在6点之前by then到那时by next Friday在下周五之前by the time+从句在……之前How many English books had you read by the end of last year?(到去年年底以前你看过多少本英文书?)Ada had left by the time I arrived.(我到时/之前埃达已经走了。)B.until/till:直到……为止(时间)They won’t come back until/till the end of the year.(他们到年底才会回来。)(come是终止性动词,所以用否定式)I’ll wait for him until he comes here.(我将在这儿一直等到他来。)(wait是延续性动词,所以用肯定式)说明:until/till句子的特殊性在由until/till构成的句子中,动词如果是终止性动词,则必须用否定式。比较:by和until/till的区别until和till可以通用。另外,until和till还可以作从属连词,引导时间状语从句,而by不能作连词。by seven o’clock截至7点钟(一般和完成时连用)until seven o’clock直到7点(7点以前)4.for,during,throughA.for:达……之久(表示经过了多少时间)for可以和一般现在时、过去时、将来时连用,但最常和完成时连用。He has lived in Los Angeles for50 years.(他在洛杉矶已经住了50年了。)Oh!We have to stay here for an hour.What a waste of time!(啊!我们要在这儿呆一个小时。太浪费时间了!)切记:for和during的常用短语for a year一年for a few days几天for twenty weeks二十周during the lesson上课期间during the war/the night战争期间/夜间B.during:在……期间Where will you go during the summer?(今年夏天你打算去哪儿?)They are going to have a good rest during the winter holidays.(寒假中他们打算好好休息一下。)比较:for和during的区别for之后大多跟表示时间、具体天数等的数字名词。during后绝不能跟表数字的名词。C.through:一直……(从开始到结束)They played the cards through the night.(他们打了一整夜的牌。)Paul stayed in London through the winter.(保罗整个冬天都呆在伦敦。)5.from,sinceA.from:从……(时间)起from表示“从……开始”时,一般都是用词组from...to...,而单纯表示确切的“从几点开始”时用at。The meeting will be held from eight to ten.(会议将从8点开到10点。)The meeting will be held at eight.(会议将从8点钟开始。)比较:from和since的区别from用于现在时、过去时及将来时态;from只能作介词。since表示时间时,一般只用于完成时的句子;since还可以作连词。B.since:自从……以来(表示从以前某时一直到现在仍在继续)I have played the piano since 2006.(我从2006年开始弹钢琴。)(强调一直弹到现在)The doctor has saved a lot of lives since he became a doctor.(这个医生自行医以来已经挽救了许多人的生命。)(since作连词,引导时间状语从句)6.in,withinA.in:过……之后(未来时间)in大多用在将来时(一般将来时和过去将来时)。in an hour一小时之后in a week or so大约一星期之后He will be back in five hours.(他5个小时之后回来。)They said they would arrive here in a week.(他们说一周后到达。)注意:用过去时表示“过后”She went to Nanjing last May,and she came back after a month.(去年5月她去了南京,一个月之后她又回来了。)B.within:不超过……的范围within 3 hours 3个小时之内within a week一周之内I must finish painting the cat within five minutes.(我必须在5分钟之内画好这只猫。)They worked hard.They finished the work within 2 days at last.(他们工作很努力,终于在两天之内完成了这项工作。)比较:in和within的区别in是以现在为基准,in an hour是指从现在起一小时之后,所以in一般只用于将来时。within强调“在……时间内”,没有时态限制。
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