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2022年山东省泰安市中考英语真题（教师版）
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这是一份2022年山东省泰安市中考英语真题（教师版），共20页。试卷主要包含了 A， Where is Mr等内容，欢迎下载使用。
泰安市2022年初中学业水平考试
英语试题
本试卷分第I卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。第I卷1至9页，第Ⅱ卷10至12页，共150分。考试时间120分钟。
注意事项:
1. 答题前，请考生仔细阅读答题卡上的注意事项，并务必按照相关要求作答。
2. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（共80分）
第一部分听力（共25小题；1-20小题每题1分，21-25小题每题2分，满分30分）
（一）听句子. 选择适当的应答语。每个句子读两遍。
1. A. It’s sunny. B. It’s March 16th. C. It’s Saturday.
2. A. At the bus stop. B. Tomorrow morning. C. Three days ago.
3. A. Eat mooncakes. B. Make noodles. C. Eat zongzi.
4. A. Yes，open it. B. You are welcome. C. Certainly not.
5. A. My pleasure. B. I agree with you. C. That’s right.
（二）听五段对话. 选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读下面5个小题。
6. What’s the relationship between the speakers?
A. Doctor and patient. B. Father and son. C. Teacher and student.
7. Where is Mr. Smith now?
A. At the supermarket. B. In his office. C. At home.
8. What does Alice look like?
A. She has short curly hair. B. She wears glasses. C. She has long red hair.
9. How long did John read English before breakfast?
A. For twenty minutes. B. For half an hour. C. For forty minutes.
10. How much is a glass of coffee?
A. 2 dollars. B. 3 dollars. C. 9 dollars.
（三）听两段长对话，选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍。听每段对话前你将有10秒钟的时间阅读对应的3个小题。
听对话，回答下面小题。
11. What class is Lily going to have?
A. A singing class. B. A dancing class. C. A swimming class.
12. How often does she have the class?
A. Every day. B. Twice a week. C. On Monday and Thursday.
13. How does she feel after the class?
A. Happy. B. Relaxed. C. Busy.
听对话，回答下面小题。
14. How did Mr. White come to the city?
A. By plane. B. By train. C. By ship.
15. Is there an airport in the city?
A. Yes, there is. B. No，there isn’t. C. We don’t know.
16. How soon will Mr. White leave the city?
A. In 3 days. B. In 5 days. C. In 7 days.
（四）听短文，回答下面四个问题，选择正确答案。短文读两遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读下面4个小题。
17. How many girls were there in the camp?
A. 9. B. 16. C. 25.
18. What was the weather like at night during the camp?
A. Windy and rainy. B. Rainy and cool. C. Windy and a little cool.
19. What did the children do to improve English in the afternoon?
A. They watched a movie. B. They performed English programs. C. They listened to English stories.
20. Which of the following is true?
A. They had a big party on the first day. B. They all stayed in the hotel at night. C. The summer camp lasted for two weeks.
（五）听短文，填表格。根据短文内容，写出下面表格中所缺信息，每一词。短文读三遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读表格内容。答题完毕后，请将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。
Some（21）___________suggestions on how to find the way
Buying a map
With the map. you will know how to get to the place（22）___________.
Looking at the sun
It can help you find the（23）___________.
Asking policemen
They are happy to（24）___________you the way.
Taking a（25）___________
It is a good choice. but it may cost you much money.
第二部分完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文. 掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出能填入短文相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My husband and I recently went to an amusement park with our children and grandchildren. We had a wonderful time and made lots of ___1___ memories together. Unexpectedly. I came across（偶遇）a warm ___2___ as we made our way through the park.
Our four grandchildren were excited ___3___ the attraction（吸引人之处）where children could drive the cars. I sat outside and prepared to take photos of my family. As I waited for my family to drive by, I noticed a car with a father and his son ___4___ looked to be about 7 years old. They rolled down the hill at the beginning and suddenly the car ___5___. The son shouted. “I can’t do it.” His father ___6___ said, “Yes, you can.”
“No. I can’t!”
“Yes, you can, son.”
The little boy was almost in tears. “I CAN’T! “With deep patience the father said. “Son, you can do this. Let me help you.” Then he taught the boy to push the gas pedal（踏板）and ___7___ the car. And a few minutes later, the two went smoothly on their way down the track（轨道）.
The scene brought ___8___ to my eyes. “Yes, you can”, the words whispered（悄声说）to my heart. Then every time things got ___9___ or when I had failures along the way, I would think of “Yes, you can.” That’s where the true strength（力量）comes in. Are you struggling（奋斗）with something today? You can ___10___ the words “Yes, you can.”
1. A. terrible B. sweet C. nervous
2. A. moment B. program C. promise
3. A. for B. about C. with
4. A. who B. which C. whom
5. A. left B. flew C. stopped
6. A. angrily B. quietly C. sadly
7. A. make B. wash C. drive
8. A. sand B. tears C. pictures
9. A. hard B. exciting C. comfortable
10. A. forget B. regret C. trust
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C
【详解】
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和家人去游乐园玩耍时，看到了一位父亲跟儿子一起玩的场景。那位父亲对儿子说的“Yes, you can”深深地打动了作者。
【1题详解】
句意：我们度过了一段美好的时光，创造了许多甜蜜的回忆。
terrible糟糕的；sweet甜蜜的；nervous紧张的。根据“We had a wonderful time and made lots of … memories together”可知，玩得很开心，留下了甜蜜的回忆，故选B。
【2题详解】
句意：在我们穿过公园的路上，我遇到了一个温暖的时刻。
moment时刻；program程序；promise诺言。根据“I came across（偶遇）a warm”及下文的内可知，遇到了温暖的一刻，故选A。
【3题详解】
句意：我们的四个孙子孙女都很兴奋，因为孩子们可以在这里开车。
for为了；about关于；with带有。be excited about“对……感到兴奋”，固定搭配，故选B。
【4题详解】
句意：我注意到一辆车上有一位父亲和他的儿子，他的儿子看起来大约7岁。
who谁；which哪一个；whom谁。此处是定语从句，先行词son是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句，故选A。
【5题详解】
句意：他们从一开始就滚下山，突然汽车停了下来。
left离开；flew飞；stopped停止。根据“ suddenly the car”及“I can’t do it”可知，车突然停止了，故选C。
【6题详解】
句意：爸爸平静地说，“你可以的”。
angrily生气地；quietly平静地；sadly难过地。根据“His father …said, “Yes, you can.””可知，爸爸在说鼓励的话，所以是平静地说，故选B。
【7题详解】
句意：然后他教那个男孩踩油门开车。
make制造；wash清洗；drive驾驶。根据“push the gas pedal”可知，踩油门开车，故选C。
【8题详解】
句意：这一幕使我热泪盈眶。
sand沙子；tears眼泪；pictures图片。根据“the words whispered（悄声说）to my heart”可知，这一幕和这一句话让作者热泪盈眶，故选B。
【9题详解】
句意：每次遇到困难或者失败的时候。
hard困难的；exciting兴奋的；comfortable舒服的。根据“Then every time things got…or when I had failures along the way”可知，遇到困难的时候，故选A。
【10题详解】
句意：你可以相信这句话：“是的，你可以。”
forget忘记；regret后悔；trust相信。根据“Then every time things got… or when I had failures along the way, I would think of “Yes, you can.” That’s where the true strength（力量）comes in”可知，这句话给了作者力量，所以作者认为在遇到困难的时候可以相信这句话，相信自己一定能行，故选C。
第三部分 阅读理解（共两节；满分10分）
第一节 阅读下列短文或图表，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
The new railway line linking China and Laos（老挝）opened to traffic on December 3, 2021. All the passengers on the train were very excited.
The line is 1,035 kilometers long and it runs between Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, and Vientiane（万象）, the capital of Laos. It takes about 10 hours to get to Vientiane from Kunming. This line, with a top speed of 200 kilometers per hour, has 50 stations.
Engineer Ouyang Qiang took part in construction（建设）of the new line. “Each station along the line has a special and beautiful view.” he said. adding that Yunnan has pleasant weather in all seasons and the views are fantastic all year round.
Hang Dianhua, 76, was on the first train on Friday from Kunming to Xishuangbanna. “One of my students took part in this project. It’s a proud event for China. I hope to take the train with my daughter and two granddaughters who live in Beijing in the future.” Hang said.
Jaruwan comes from Thailand. Now she works in Yunnan. She was also a passenger on the train. She believes fruit from Thailand can be sent faster and cheaper to China. And at the same time, the new tourism routes（路线）might be developed thanks to the line. More Chinese people will take the railway to Laos, and then visit Thailand.
The China-Laos Railway is part of a bigger plan to connect Kunming all the way with Singapore.
11. The new railway line runs between ________ and ________ now.
A. Beijing; Xishuangbanna B. China; Singapore
C. Kunming; Vientiane D. China; Thailand
12. Who took part in construction of the China-Laos Railway line?
A. Hang Dianhua. B. Ouyang Qiang. C. Jaruwan. D. Hang Dianhua’s daughter.
13. Which of the following statements about Hang Dianhua is NOT true?
A. One of his students took part in the China-Laos railway project.
B. He went to Xishuangbanna on the first train.
C. He took the train together with his daughter and two granddaughters.
D. He thought the opening of the new line was a proud event for China.
14. What can we know from the passage?
A. The China-Laos railway line is 1.035 kilometers long and has 200 stations.
B. Ouyang Qiang was an engineer and he was Hang Dianhua’s student.
C. The fruit trade between China and Thailand can be more convenient.
D. The Chinese tourists can take the railway to Singapore from Kunming now.
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. C 14. C
【详解】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍连接中国到老挝的新的铁路。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The line is 1,035 kilometers long and it runs between Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, and Vientiane, the capital of Laos.”可知，这条线路连接云南省省会昆明和老挝首都万象。故选C。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Engineer Ouyang Qiang took part in construction of the new line.”可知，工程师欧阳强参与了这条新线路的建设。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据“I hope to take the train with my daughter and two granddaughters who live in Beijing in the future.”可知，是希望将来和我的女儿以及两个住在北京的孙女一起坐火车，而不是已经乘坐了。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据“ She believes fruit from Thailand can be sent faster and cheaper to China.”可知，她认为泰国的水果可以更快、更便宜地运到中国。由此推知，中泰之间的水果贸易可以更加方便，故选C。
B
Disney Green Experience—Sorting（分类）& Recycling Adventure
Time: This autumn Place: Shanghai Disney Resort
Activities
Begin the day with an exciting show performed by a band in Tomorrowland. You can learn about waste sorting there.
▶Visit the four recycling machines in Fantasyland. Treasure Cove. Tomorrowland and Gardens of Imagination, and get to know about how they work.
▶Take a trip to Fantasyland’s Tangled Tree Tavern, and you can practice sorting food waste there.
▶Talk to Custodial（Cast Members and see how pieces of art are created using waste and recyclable materials. The materials were collected around the park.
●The program is available for school groups of 50—200 students aged between 7 and 11 across the country.
●Those who join the program will be offered a one-day theme park ticket. If they finish all the activities in the program, they will also be given a special certificate（证书）.
15. What can students do during the trip to Fantasyland’s Tangled Tree Tavern?
A. Practice sorting food waste. B. Enjoy an exciting show performed by a band.
C. learn about the recycling machines. D. learn about how to turn waste into pieces of art.
16. The students who join the program and finish all the activities will be given ________.
A. a piece of art
B. a special certificate
C. a one-day theme park ticket
D. a one-day theme park ticket and a special certificate
17. What’s the main purpose of the program?
A. To introduce the ways of protecting the environment.
B. To teach students how to sort and recycle waste.
C. To show the students around the Disney parks.
D. To encourage kids to take part in outdoor activities.
【答案】15. A 16. D 17. B
【详解】
【导语】本文主要是一则迪士尼分类和回收活动的广告信息。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Take a trip to Fantasyland’s Tangled Tree Tavern, and you can practice sorting food waste there”可知，在那里可以练习分类食物垃圾，故选A。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Those who join the program will be offered a one-day theme park ticket. If they finish all the activities in the program, they will also be given a special certificate”可知，参加该项目并完成所有活动的学生将获得一张主题公园门票和一张特殊证书，故选D。
【17题详解】
主旨大意题。根据“You can learn about waste sorting there.”及下文内容，活动的目的是教学生如何分类和回收垃圾，故选B。
C
Counting the hairs on your head would be very difficult. Many have tried, but most people give up after losing count or getting bored! However, scientists say people have more than 100,000 hairs on their heads on average. Of course, this number is different from person to person. Some people have much more hair than others.
What causes hair loss? There are many reasons, such as stress, illness and styling. It also runs in families. Besides, many people simply lose hair as they grow older. To avoid losing hair, you should wash your hair correctly and condition（养护）your hair to help keep your hair healthy. It’s also important to be gentle when brushing or combing hair.
Hair loss is not the same as daily shedding（脱落）. People lose an average of 50 to 100 hairs a day. It’s normal. If you are losing more hair than average, talk to the adults you trust. They can help you decide whether to ask a doctor for help.
Why do humans have hair on their heads? Most other mammals（哺乳动物）have thick fur（毛）covering their whole bodies. While humans grow small and fine（细微的）hairs on much of their skin, it’s much thicker on the top of the head. Scientists say the answers come down to evolution. Humans probably evolved without fur because they have more sweat glands（汗腺）than other mammals. Humans walk upright on two legs. Therefore, the top of their heads needs protection from the sun. This is why people have more hair on their heads than on the rest of their bodies. The hair also helps keep heat in cold weather and keep a healthy body temperature.
18. How many reasons for hair loss are mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
19. You can take the following measures（措施）to avoid losing hair except ________.
A. wearing a hat all the time B. washing your hair correctly
C. brushing or combing hair gently D. conditioning your hair
20. What does the underlined word “evolution” mean in the last paragraph?
A. 进化 B. 发育 C. 天生 D. 训练
21. What can we learn from the passage?
A. In general, it’s easier for young people to lose hair than old people.
B. The hair on human heads helps keep heat in cold weather.
C. If you lose 50 to 100 hairs every day. you must ask a doctor for help.
D. All the mammals have thick fur covering their whole bodies because they have no sweat glands.
【答案】18. C 19. A 20. A 21. B
【详解】
【导语】本文主要分析了脱发的原因，应对的方法以及为什么人类的头顶会有头发。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据“There are many reasons, such as stress, illness and styling. It also runs in families. Besides, many people simply lose hair as they grow older”可知，关于脱发的原因提到了五点：压力，疾病，发型，家族遗传，还有随着年龄的增长而脱发 ，故选C。
19题详解】
细节理解题。根据“To avoid losing hair, you should wash your hair correctly and condition（养护）your hair to help keep your hair healthy. It’s also important to be gentle when brushing or combing hair”可知，为了避免脱发，你应该正确地洗头并护理头发，梳头时要温和，故选A。
【20题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Humans probably evolved without fur because they have more sweat glands（汗腺）than other mammals. Humans walk upright on two legs. Therefore, the top of their heads needs protection from the sun”可知，人类在进化过程中没有皮毛，人类用两条腿直立行走。 因此，他们的头顶需要长出一些毛发来防晒，所以人类头顶有毛发是跟进化有关，故evolution表示“进化”，故选A。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The hair also helps keep heat in cold weather and keep a healthy body temperature”可知，头发还有助于在寒冷的天气里保暖，保持健康的体温，故选B。
D
We all know the sun is important. It makes life on our planet possible. But how does the sun do that? It’s the sun’s energy.
Energy from the sun is called solar energy（太阳能）. It comes in the form of light or heat. People have used solar energy for thousands of years. The sun’s energy can be used to heat water and even food. If you own a magnifying glass, your parents have probably warned you not to leave it in the sun. Solar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn objects underneath it causing a fire. This type of energy from the sun is called solar thermal（热的）energy.
We can also turn the sun’s light into electricity. This is done with solar panels（板）. Solar panels are made up of a material called silicon（硅）. The silicon is heated and formed into very thin wafers（晶片）. When the sunlight hits the solar panel, the electrons in the silicon move and flow through wires（电线）. Using this technology, we can run a calculator and even power cars.
But what happens on cloudy days? The electrons in the silicon will stop moving, which means the electricity can’t flow. But this doesn’t mean that solar energy can only be used on sunny days. People can use the batteries（电池）which are attached to（附着于）solar panels to store the electricity. So the stored electricity can be used to power cars at night or on cloudy days.
Did you know that solar energy is not as expensive as it used to be? In fact, in the last few years, solar panels have become much more affordable for people to use. Since the sun gives off more energy in one second than people have used, imagine what we could do if we used the sun’s energy to power our planet.
22. A magnifying glass can make objects look ________.
A. smaller B. bigger C. more beautiful D. further
23. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A. How to use solar thermal energy.
B. How to power our planet.
C. How to store electricity with batteries.
D. How to turn sunlight into electricity with solar panels.
24. We can use ________ to power cars at night according to the fourth paragraph.
A. thin wafers B. the moonlight C. solar thermal energy D. the stored electricity
25. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Solar panels are made up of silicon. B. Solar energy can be used for heating food.
C. It costs more to use solar energy than before. D. People have used solar energy for thousands of years.
【答案】22. B 23. D 24. D 25. C
【详解】
【导语】本文主要介绍了太阳是很重要的。人们使用太阳能很多年了。太阳释放出比现在人们使用更多的能量。所以我们应该尽力在我们的生活中找到更多的好方法去使用它。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据“ If you own a magnifying glass, your parents have probably warned you not to leave it in the sun. Solar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn objects underneath it causing a fire.”和常识可知，放大镜会使物体变得更大，故选B。
【23题详解】
段落大意题。根据“We can also turn the sun’s light into electricity”分析第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍如何利用太阳能电池板将阳光转化为电能。故选D。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据“People can use the batteries（电池）which are attached to（附着于）solar panels to store the electricity. So the stored electricity can be used to power cars at night or on cloudy days.”可知，人们可以使用附着在太阳能电池板上的电池来储存电力，因此储存的电力可以在夜间或阴天为汽车提供动力。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Did you know that solar energy is not as expensive as it used to be?”可知，太阳能不像以前那么贵了，C项表述错误。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项. 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When you use a knife and fork. you have to take the knife with your right hand and the fork with your left hand, or you can’t put food into your mouth. But with chopsticks, you can solve the eating problems with just one hand. ____26____
Chopsticks were called zhu or jia in ancient China. It is said that they were invented by Da Yu, who successfully controlled the heavy flood（洪水）. One day he was busy dealing with the flood. In order to save time when eating, he used two sticks from a tree to take the hot food. That was how chopsticks came into use. ____27____
In fact, the earliest chopsticks found in China were made of bronze（青铜）, which were unearthed from Yinxu in Anyang city. Henan Province.
Many people probably haven’t realized the cultural meanings of chopsticks. ____28____ Do you notice that one end of chopsticks is square and the other end is round? So, why? According to our ancestors, the round end symbolized（象征）Heaven and the square end symbolized Earth. ____29____ In Chinese culture, it shows the perfect combination（结合）of yin and yang.
The influence of Chinese culture has stretched（延伸）far and wide. ____30____ So it’s unbelievable that foreigners cannot use chopsticks.
A. Besides, chopsticks are used in pairs.
B. It’s convenient and efficient（有效率的）.
C. It was one of the legends（传说）about chopsticks.
D. At least 1.8 billion people are using chopsticks around the world.
E. They are regarded as one of the symbols of Chinese food culture.
【答案】26. B 27. C 28. E 29. A 30. D
【详解】
【导语】本文主要介绍了筷子的起源，与其有关的传说以及它的象征意义。
【26题详解】
根据“But with chopsticks. you can solve the eating problems with just one hand”可知，相比刀叉，筷子就方便得多，B选项“它既方便又高效”符合，故选B。
【27题详解】
根据“It is said that they were invented by Da Yu, who successfully controlled the heavy flood…”可知，此处在介绍有关筷子的传说，C选项“这是关于筷子的一个传说”符合，故选C。
【28题详解】
根据“Many people probably haven’t realized the cultural meanings of chopsticks”可知，此处介绍筷子象征的文化，E选项“它们被视为中国饮食文化的象征之一”符合，故选E。
【29题详解】
根据“In Chinese culture, it shows the perfect combination（结合）of yin and yang”可知，筷子展示了阴和阳的完美结合，所以筷子都是成对出现的，A选项“此外，筷子是成对使用的”符合，故选A。
【30题详解】
根据“The influence of Chinese culture has stretched（延伸）far and wide”可知，此处介绍筷子的影响力，D选项“全世界至少有18亿人在使用筷子”符合，故选D。
第Ⅱ卷（共70分）
第四部分 书面表达（共三节）
第一节 词汇运用（共两题. 满分30分）
（一）单词拼写（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据句意和首字母或汉语提示. 将单词的正确形式完整地写在答题卡相应的位置上。
31. There are 5 people waiting for Nucleic Acid Testing（核酸检测）in front of me. I am the s________ one.
【答案】(s)ixth
【详解】
【详解】句意：我面前有5个人在等核酸检测。我是第六个。根据“There are 5 people waiting for Nucleic Acid Testing（核酸检测）in front of me.”可知，前面有五个人，所以自己是第六个，sixth“第六”，故填(s)ixth。
32. To make the villagers’ lives easier, our government will build a b________ over the river.
【答案】(b)ridge
【详解】
【详解】句意：为了方便村民的生活，我们的政府将在这条河上建一座桥。 根据“build a …over the river.”及首字母可知，在河上建一座桥，bridge“桥”，根据a可知，此空应填单数名词，故填(b)ridge。
33. Wu Dajing, together with his teammates ________（赢得）China’s first gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics.
【答案】won
【详解】
【详解】句意：武大靖和他的队友们在2022年冬奥会上为中国赢得了第一枚金牌。win“赢得”，根据“at the 2022 Winter Olympics”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填won。
34. The students are often ________（分开）into several groups by the teacher before discussing the difficult questions in class.
【答案】divided
【详解】
【详解】句意：在课堂上讨论难题之前，老师经常把学生分成几个小组。 divide“分开”，主语students与动词divide之间构成被动关系，用被动语态be done的结构，空格前已有助动词are，此空应填过去分词，故填divided。
35. Spacewalks can be dangerous. There is no air in space. And it’s filled with ________（有害的）radiation（辐射）.
【答案】harmful
【详解】
【详解】句意：太空行走可能是危险。太空中没有空气。它充满了有害的辐射。harmful“有害的”，作定语修饰radiation，故填harmful。
（二）综合填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺完整。（每词限用一次）
first, require, among, care, be, different, both, habit, how, finally
Cooking is supposed to be the most basic living skill for humans. However, there are many kids who are used to being fed and taken ____36____ of everywhere like “little emperors and little princesses”. They can’t tell the ____37____between food materials like leeks（韭菜）and shallots（小葱）.
In order to stress（强调）the importance of hard-working spirit education ____38____ students, the Communist Party of China Central Committee recently released（发布）the guidelines. The guidelines call for students to respect labor（劳动）work. Students should learn basic life skills and develop good working ____39____ through such education.
Students will be ____40____ to understand and master the basics of home cooking from preparing vegetables to ____41____ being able to complete the whole process of home cooking independently. These will be lifelong skills for kids, helping them develop into well-rounded individuals（个体）not just students who ____42____ able to take exams.
As children’s ____43____ teachers, parents should also encourage children to learn ____44____ to do chores at home. Students should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tidying their rooms.
It’s really important for students to take labor education ____45____ at school and at home.
【答案】36. care
37. differences##difference
38. among 39. habits
40. required
41. finally
42. are 43. first
44. how 45. both
【详解】
【导语】本文主要介绍了国家发布关于让学生们重视和尊重劳动的指导方针，从老师和家长角度作出了相应的建议。
【36题详解】
句意：然而，有很多孩子习惯了像“小皇帝和小公主”一样到处都有人喂，有人照顾。根据“taken … of everywhere”及备选词可知，此处用take care of表示“照顾”，故填care。
【37题详解】
句意：他们分不清韭菜和青葱这类食物。根据“They can’t tell the…between food materials like leeks（韭菜）and shallots”及备选词可知，分不清韭菜和青葱，difference“差异”，此空可以填单数名词，也可以填复数名词，故填differences/difference。
【38题详解】
句意：为了强调对学生进行勤奋精神教育的重要性。根据“In order to stress（强调）the importance of hard-working spirit education …students”及备选词可知，在学生中强调这个重要性，among“在……之中”，故填among。
【39题详解】
句意：通过这样的教育，学生应该学会基本的生活技能，养成良好的学习习惯。根据“develop good working”及备选词可知，培养好的习惯，habit“习惯”，此空应填名词复数形式，故填habits。
【40题详解】
句意：从准备蔬菜到最终能够独立完成家庭烹饪的整个过程，学生将被要求了解和掌握家庭烹饪的基本知识。根据“Students will be … to understand and master the basics of home cooking”及备选词可知，要求学生掌握这些技能，require“需要”，此处是被动语态，故此空应填过去分词，故填required。
【41题详解】
句意：从准备蔬菜到最终能够独立完成家庭烹饪的整个过程，学生将被要求了解和掌握家庭烹饪的基本知识。根据“from preparing vegetables to … being able to complete the whole process of home cooking independently”及备选词可知，此处指最终独立完成整个过程，副词finally“最终”作状语，故填finally。
【42题详解】
句意：这些将是孩子们终身技能，帮助他们发展成为全面发展的个体，而不仅仅是能够参加考试的学生。be able to do sth“能够做某事”，句子是一般现在时，先行词students是复数形式，be动词用are，故填are。
【43题详解】
句意：作为孩子的启蒙老师，家长也应该鼓励孩子学会如何在家做家务。根据“As children’s… teachers, parents should also encourage”及常识可知，家长是孩子们的启蒙老师，first teacher“启蒙老师”，故填first。
44题详解】
句意：作为孩子的启蒙老师，家长也应该鼓励孩子学会如何在家做家务。此空缺少引导词引导宾语从句，备选词how符合，故填how。
【45题详解】
句意：对于学生来说，在学校和家里接受劳动教育都是非常重要的。根据“at school and at home”可知，此处用both…and表示“……和……都”，故填both。
第二节阅读表达（共6小题；1-3小题每题2分: 4-6小题每题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）
[1]Water is important in our life, but sometimes water can be dangerous for kids. So we must pay attention to the kids’ safety in water. Water safety begins at home or in the pool. Here are some suggestions for you.
[2]Be（4）①________ of the hot water. Hot water can be dangerous, especially for kids under five. These young kids have thinner skin than older kids and adults, so it’s easier for them to be burnt（烫伤）. Staying in hot water that’s 60℃ for just 3 seconds can give a child a third-degree burn. You can reduce the risk by testing the water with your wrist（腕）or elbow before placing your kid in bath.
[3]Watch out for danger in the bathroom. The bathroom is full of danger for young kids. Never leave a young child alone in the bathroom, especially while he or she is bathing. Remember to put away hair dryers and all other electrical appliances（家用电器）to avoid the risk.
[4]Never let kids swim alone. Swimming in the water may make you feel great. As the kids move in the water, many small muscle（肌肉）groups are working to help them keep balance. But it’s not a perfect sport because of the risk of injury（伤害）. For example, many types of swimming need repeated arm movements. Over time, the movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries. So it’s dangerous when they stay in the water alone, they may even drown（溺亡）. So the kids are not supposed to swim（4）②________ their parents’ company（陪伴）.
[5]Everyone should realize the importance of water safety. （75）To keep the kids safe, we need to learn more about what we should do. After all, everyone（4）③________ only one life!
46. Why is it easier for young kids to be burnt? （No more than 10 words）
________________________________________
47. What things should be put away to avoid the risk according to the third paragraph? （No more than 12 words）
________________________________________
48. What may happen if the kids repeat arm movements for a long time while swimming? （No more than 14 words）
________________________________________
49. Fill in each blank in the passage with one proper word.
①___________ ②___________ ③___________
50. Translate the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph into Chinese.
________________________________________
51. If your classmate invites you to swim in the river, what’s your proper response（回应）？Please write down your answer and list one or two reasons.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】46. Because they have thinner skin./Because their skin is thinner./Because they have thinner skin than older kids and adults.
47. Hair dryers and all other electrical appliances./Hair dryers and all other electrical appliances should be put away.
48. It/The movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries.或It/The movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries, and the kids may even drown.
49. ①. ①careful ②. ②without ③. ③ has/owns
50. 为了确保孩子们的安全，我们需要学习（了解）更多我们应该做的事情。
51. Possible responses:
I will refuse to go with him (her) and advise him (her) not to do that.
I’ll refuse/turn down his (her) invitation and prevent/stop him (her) from going swimming in the river.
I’ll refuse to go with him (her) and tell his (her) parents/the teachers about it at once.
I’ll accept his (her) invitation if parents can go with us.
Possible reasons:
Because it’s dangerous for us to swim in the river without parents’ company./Because it breaks the school rules./Because our teacher told us not to swim alone./Because we’ll be safe if parents go swimming with us.
【详解】
【导语】本文介绍了如何保证小孩在水里的安全问题。
【46题详解】
根据“These young kids have thinner skin than older kids and adults, so it’s easier for them to be burnt”可知，这些年幼的孩子比年长的孩子和成年人的皮肤更薄，所以更容易烧伤，故填Because they have thinner skin./Because their skin is thinner./Because they have thinner skin than older kids and adults.
【47题详解】
根据“Remember to put away hair dryers and all other electrical appliances（家用电器）to avoid the risk”可知，把吹风机和所有其他电器收起来，以避免风险 ，故填Hair dryers and all other electrical appliances./Hair dryers and all other electrical appliances should be put away.
【48题详解】
根据“Over time, the movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries. So it’s dangerous when they stay in the water alone, they may even drown”可知，这种动作会导致肩部和颈部受伤，甚至可能会溺水，故填It/The movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries.或It/The movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries, and the kids may even drown.
【49题详解】
根据“Be… of the hot water”可知，此处指要小心热水，be careful of“小心”。根据“So the kids are not supposed to swim… their parents’ company”可知，此处指没有家长的陪伴，孩子们不应该独自游泳，without“没有”。根据“everyone… only one life”可知，每个人只有一个生命，have“有”，own“拥有”，句子是一般现在时，不定代词everyone作主语，动词用三单，故填careful；without；has/owns。
【50题详解】
keep the kids safe“确保孩子们的安全”，动词不定式表目的状语；need to do sth“需要做某事”；learn more about what we should do“学习（了解）更多我们应该做的事情”，故填：为了确保孩子们的安全，我们需要学习（了解）更多我们应该做的事情。
【51题详解】
开放性题，答案合理即可。参考答案为：I will refuse to go with him (her) and advise him (her) not to do that.
I’ll refuse/turn down his (her) invitation and prevent/stop him (her) from going swimming in the river.
I’ll refuse to go with him (her) and tell his (her) parents/the teachers about it at once.
I’ll accept his (her) invitation if parents can go with us.
Because it’s dangerous for us to swim in the river without parents’ company./Because it breaks the school rules./Because our teacher told us not to swim alone./Because we’ll be safe if parents go swimming with us.
第三节写作（共1题，满分25分）
52. 让青少年利用课余时间参加志愿者服务活动，对其成长具有重要意义，可以帮助他们学习新技能，增强沟通能力和社会责任感。暑假将至，请根据下面表格中的内容提示，以 “My Volunteer Work Plan” 为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你选择的活动项目及活动计划，并谈谈参加志愿者服务活动的意义。
Volunteer Work
◎Help in the city library ◎Clean up the city parks
◎Hold a charity bazaar（义卖） ◎Do volunteer work in a hospital
◎Visit the old people’s home ◎…
要求: 1. 可选择表格中的1-2个活动项目，也可自拟活动项目；
2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，词数80-100；
3. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名、地名等与考生本人相关的信息。
My Volunteer Work Plan
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
My Volunteer Work Plan
The summer holiday is coming. I am going to do some volunteer work. I will help to clean up the city park. Of course, I will ask more people to join me. I will call up my friends and ask them to come. We will pick up the litter, the plastic bags and other waste things. I hope our city will be more beautiful. Besides, I am going to visit sick kids in hospital. I love children and enjoy getting along with them. I will sing for the kids at the city hospital to cheer them up. I hope they can be better soon.
Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but also I get to spend time doing what I love to do. All in all, I will enjoy myself in the summer holiday.
【详解】
【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇材料作文。介绍自己的暑假期间的志愿者计划。
2.写作指导：本文主要采用一般将来时，人称采用第一人称为主。分为两段式：第一段介绍自己的志愿者计划以及打算做些什么事情；第二段表达自己做志愿者的感悟。写作时保持主谓一致性，做到无语法和标点错误。
泰安市2022年初中学业水平考试
英语试题
本试卷分第I卷和第Ⅱ卷两部分。第I卷1至9页，第Ⅱ卷10至12页，共150分。考试时间120分钟。
注意事项:
1. 答题前，请考生仔细阅读答题卡上的注意事项，并务必按照相关要求作答。
2. 考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（共80分）
第一部分听力（共25小题；1-20小题每题1分，21-25小题每题2分，满分30分）
（一）听句子. 选择适当的应答语。每个句子读两遍。
1. A. It’s sunny. B. It’s March 16th. C. It’s Saturday.
2. A. At the bus stop. B. Tomorrow morning. C. Three days ago.
3. A. Eat mooncakes. B. Make noodles. C. Eat zongzi.
4. A. Yes，open it. B. You are welcome. C. Certainly not.
5. A. My pleasure. B. I agree with you. C. That’s right.
（二）听五段对话. 选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读下面5个小题。
6. What’s the relationship between the speakers?
A. Doctor and patient. B. Father and son. C. Teacher and student.
7. Where is Mr. Smith now?
A. At the supermarket. B. In his office. C. At home.
8. What does Alice look like?
A. She has short curly hair. B. She wears glasses. C. She has long red hair.
9. How long did John read English before breakfast?
A. For twenty minutes. B. For half an hour. C. For forty minutes.
10. How much is a glass of coffee?
A. 2 dollars. B. 3 dollars. C. 9 dollars.
（三）听两段长对话，选择正确答案。每段对话读两遍。听每段对话前你将有10秒钟的时间阅读对应的3个小题。
听对话，回答下面小题。
11. What class is Lily going to have?
A. A singing class. B. A dancing class. C. A swimming class.
12. How often does she have the class?
A. Every day. B. Twice a week. C. On Monday and Thursday.
13. How does she feel after the class?
A. Happy. B. Relaxed. C. Busy.
听对话，回答下面小题。
14. How did Mr. White come to the city?
A. By plane. B. By train. C. By ship.
15. Is there an airport in the city?
A. Yes, there is. B. No，there isn’t. C. We don’t know.
16. How soon will Mr. White leave the city?
A. In 3 days. B. In 5 days. C. In 7 days.
（四）听短文，回答下面四个问题，选择正确答案。短文读两遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读下面4个小题。
17. How many girls were there in the camp?
A. 9. B. 16. C. 25.
18. What was the weather like at night during the camp?
A. Windy and rainy. B. Rainy and cool. C. Windy and a little cool.
19. What did the children do to improve English in the afternoon?
A. They watched a movie. B. They performed English programs. C. They listened to English stories.
20. Which of the following is true?
A. They had a big party on the first day. B. They all stayed in the hotel at night. C. The summer camp lasted for two weeks.
（五）听短文，填表格。根据短文内容，写出下面表格中所缺信息，每一词。短文读三遍。你将有20秒钟的时间阅读表格内容。答题完毕后，请将答案填写在答题卡的相应位置。
Some（21）___________suggestions on how to find the way
Buying a map
With the map. you will know how to get to the place（22）___________.
Looking at the sun
It can help you find the（23）___________.
Asking policemen
They are happy to（24）___________you the way.
Taking a（25）___________
It is a good choice. but it may cost you much money.
第二部分完形填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
阅读下面短文. 掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中，选出能填入短文相应空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
My husband and I recently went to an amusement park with our children and grandchildren. We had a wonderful time and made lots of ___1___ memories together. Unexpectedly. I came across（偶遇）a warm ___2___ as we made our way through the park.
Our four grandchildren were excited ___3___ the attraction（吸引人之处）where children could drive the cars. I sat outside and prepared to take photos of my family. As I waited for my family to drive by, I noticed a car with a father and his son ___4___ looked to be about 7 years old. They rolled down the hill at the beginning and suddenly the car ___5___. The son shouted. “I can’t do it.” His father ___6___ said, “Yes, you can.”
“No. I can’t!”
“Yes, you can, son.”
The little boy was almost in tears. “I CAN’T! “With deep patience the father said. “Son, you can do this. Let me help you.” Then he taught the boy to push the gas pedal（踏板）and ___7___ the car. And a few minutes later, the two went smoothly on their way down the track（轨道）.
The scene brought ___8___ to my eyes. “Yes, you can”, the words whispered（悄声说）to my heart. Then every time things got ___9___ or when I had failures along the way, I would think of “Yes, you can.” That’s where the true strength（力量）comes in. Are you struggling（奋斗）with something today? You can ___10___ the words “Yes, you can.”
1. A. terrible B. sweet C. nervous
2. A. moment B. program C. promise
3. A. for B. about C. with
4. A. who B. which C. whom
5. A. left B. flew C. stopped
6. A. angrily B. quietly C. sadly
7. A. make B. wash C. drive
8. A. sand B. tears C. pictures
9. A. hard B. exciting C. comfortable
10. A. forget B. regret C. trust
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C
【详解】
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者和家人去游乐园玩耍时，看到了一位父亲跟儿子一起玩的场景。那位父亲对儿子说的“Yes, you can”深深地打动了作者。
【1题详解】
句意：我们度过了一段美好的时光，创造了许多甜蜜的回忆。
terrible糟糕的；sweet甜蜜的；nervous紧张的。根据“We had a wonderful time and made lots of … memories together”可知，玩得很开心，留下了甜蜜的回忆，故选B。
【2题详解】
句意：在我们穿过公园的路上，我遇到了一个温暖的时刻。
moment时刻；program程序；promise诺言。根据“I came across（偶遇）a warm”及下文的内可知，遇到了温暖的一刻，故选A。
【3题详解】
句意：我们的四个孙子孙女都很兴奋，因为孩子们可以在这里开车。
for为了；about关于；with带有。be excited about“对……感到兴奋”，固定搭配，故选B。
【4题详解】
句意：我注意到一辆车上有一位父亲和他的儿子，他的儿子看起来大约7岁。
who谁；which哪一个；whom谁。此处是定语从句，先行词son是指人，在从句中作主语，用关系词who引导定语从句，故选A。
【5题详解】
句意：他们从一开始就滚下山，突然汽车停了下来。
left离开；flew飞；stopped停止。根据“ suddenly the car”及“I can’t do it”可知，车突然停止了，故选C。
【6题详解】
句意：爸爸平静地说，“你可以的”。
angrily生气地；quietly平静地；sadly难过地。根据“His father …said, “Yes, you can.””可知，爸爸在说鼓励的话，所以是平静地说，故选B。
【7题详解】
句意：然后他教那个男孩踩油门开车。
make制造；wash清洗；drive驾驶。根据“push the gas pedal”可知，踩油门开车，故选C。
【8题详解】
句意：这一幕使我热泪盈眶。
sand沙子；tears眼泪；pictures图片。根据“the words whispered（悄声说）to my heart”可知，这一幕和这一句话让作者热泪盈眶，故选B。
【9题详解】
句意：每次遇到困难或者失败的时候。
hard困难的；exciting兴奋的；comfortable舒服的。根据“Then every time things got…or when I had failures along the way”可知，遇到困难的时候，故选A。
【10题详解】
句意：你可以相信这句话：“是的，你可以。”
forget忘记；regret后悔；trust相信。根据“Then every time things got… or when I had failures along the way, I would think of “Yes, you can.” That’s where the true strength（力量）comes in”可知，这句话给了作者力量，所以作者认为在遇到困难的时候可以相信这句话，相信自己一定能行，故选C。
第三部分 阅读理解（共两节；满分10分）
第一节 阅读下列短文或图表，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
A
The new railway line linking China and Laos（老挝）opened to traffic on December 3, 2021. All the passengers on the train were very excited.
The line is 1,035 kilometers long and it runs between Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, and Vientiane（万象）, the capital of Laos. It takes about 10 hours to get to Vientiane from Kunming. This line, with a top speed of 200 kilometers per hour, has 50 stations.
Engineer Ouyang Qiang took part in construction（建设）of the new line. “Each station along the line has a special and beautiful view.” he said. adding that Yunnan has pleasant weather in all seasons and the views are fantastic all year round.
Hang Dianhua, 76, was on the first train on Friday from Kunming to Xishuangbanna. “One of my students took part in this project. It’s a proud event for China. I hope to take the train with my daughter and two granddaughters who live in Beijing in the future.” Hang said.
Jaruwan comes from Thailand. Now she works in Yunnan. She was also a passenger on the train. She believes fruit from Thailand can be sent faster and cheaper to China. And at the same time, the new tourism routes（路线）might be developed thanks to the line. More Chinese people will take the railway to Laos, and then visit Thailand.
The China-Laos Railway is part of a bigger plan to connect Kunming all the way with Singapore.
11. The new railway line runs between ________ and ________ now.
A. Beijing; Xishuangbanna B. China; Singapore
C. Kunming; Vientiane D. China; Thailand
12. Who took part in construction of the China-Laos Railway line?
A. Hang Dianhua. B. Ouyang Qiang. C. Jaruwan. D. Hang Dianhua’s daughter.
13. Which of the following statements about Hang Dianhua is NOT true?
A. One of his students took part in the China-Laos railway project.
B. He went to Xishuangbanna on the first train.
C. He took the train together with his daughter and two granddaughters.
D. He thought the opening of the new line was a proud event for China.
14. What can we know from the passage?
A. The China-Laos railway line is 1.035 kilometers long and has 200 stations.
B. Ouyang Qiang was an engineer and he was Hang Dianhua’s student.
C. The fruit trade between China and Thailand can be more convenient.
D. The Chinese tourists can take the railway to Singapore from Kunming now.
【答案】11. C 12. B 13. C 14. C
【详解】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，向我们介绍连接中国到老挝的新的铁路。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据“The line is 1,035 kilometers long and it runs between Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province, and Vientiane, the capital of Laos.”可知，这条线路连接云南省省会昆明和老挝首都万象。故选C。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Engineer Ouyang Qiang took part in construction of the new line.”可知，工程师欧阳强参与了这条新线路的建设。故选B。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据“I hope to take the train with my daughter and two granddaughters who live in Beijing in the future.”可知，是希望将来和我的女儿以及两个住在北京的孙女一起坐火车，而不是已经乘坐了。故选C。
【14题详解】
细节理解题。根据“ She believes fruit from Thailand can be sent faster and cheaper to China.”可知，她认为泰国的水果可以更快、更便宜地运到中国。由此推知，中泰之间的水果贸易可以更加方便，故选C。
B
Disney Green Experience—Sorting（分类）& Recycling Adventure
Time: This autumn Place: Shanghai Disney Resort
Activities
Begin the day with an exciting show performed by a band in Tomorrowland. You can learn about waste sorting there.
▶Visit the four recycling machines in Fantasyland. Treasure Cove. Tomorrowland and Gardens of Imagination, and get to know about how they work.
▶Take a trip to Fantasyland’s Tangled Tree Tavern, and you can practice sorting food waste there.
▶Talk to Custodial（Cast Members and see how pieces of art are created using waste and recyclable materials. The materials were collected around the park.
●The program is available for school groups of 50—200 students aged between 7 and 11 across the country.
●Those who join the program will be offered a one-day theme park ticket. If they finish all the activities in the program, they will also be given a special certificate（证书）.
15. What can students do during the trip to Fantasyland’s Tangled Tree Tavern?
A. Practice sorting food waste. B. Enjoy an exciting show performed by a band.
C. learn about the recycling machines. D. learn about how to turn waste into pieces of art.
16. The students who join the program and finish all the activities will be given ________.
A. a piece of art
B. a special certificate
C. a one-day theme park ticket
D. a one-day theme park ticket and a special certificate
17. What’s the main purpose of the program?
A. To introduce the ways of protecting the environment.
B. To teach students how to sort and recycle waste.
C. To show the students around the Disney parks.
D. To encourage kids to take part in outdoor activities.
【答案】15. A 16. D 17. B
【详解】
【导语】本文主要是一则迪士尼分类和回收活动的广告信息。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Take a trip to Fantasyland’s Tangled Tree Tavern, and you can practice sorting food waste there”可知，在那里可以练习分类食物垃圾，故选A。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据“Those who join the program will be offered a one-day theme park ticket. If they finish all the activities in the program, they will also be given a special certificate”可知，参加该项目并完成所有活动的学生将获得一张主题公园门票和一张特殊证书，故选D。
【17题详解】
主旨大意题。根据“You can learn about waste sorting there.”及下文内容，活动的目的是教学生如何分类和回收垃圾，故选B。
C
Counting the hairs on your head would be very difficult. Many have tried, but most people give up after losing count or getting bored! However, scientists say people have more than 100,000 hairs on their heads on average. Of course, this number is different from person to person. Some people have much more hair than others.
What causes hair loss? There are many reasons, such as stress, illness and styling. It also runs in families. Besides, many people simply lose hair as they grow older. To avoid losing hair, you should wash your hair correctly and condition（养护）your hair to help keep your hair healthy. It’s also important to be gentle when brushing or combing hair.
Hair loss is not the same as daily shedding（脱落）. People lose an average of 50 to 100 hairs a day. It’s normal. If you are losing more hair than average, talk to the adults you trust. They can help you decide whether to ask a doctor for help.
Why do humans have hair on their heads? Most other mammals（哺乳动物）have thick fur（毛）covering their whole bodies. While humans grow small and fine（细微的）hairs on much of their skin, it’s much thicker on the top of the head. Scientists say the answers come down to evolution. Humans probably evolved without fur because they have more sweat glands（汗腺）than other mammals. Humans walk upright on two legs. Therefore, the top of their heads needs protection from the sun. This is why people have more hair on their heads than on the rest of their bodies. The hair also helps keep heat in cold weather and keep a healthy body temperature.
18. How many reasons for hair loss are mentioned in Paragraph 2?
A. 3 B. 4 C. 5 D. 6
19. You can take the following measures（措施）to avoid losing hair except ________.
A. wearing a hat all the time B. washing your hair correctly
C. brushing or combing hair gently D. conditioning your hair
20. What does the underlined word “evolution” mean in the last paragraph?
A. 进化 B. 发育 C. 天生 D. 训练
21. What can we learn from the passage?
A. In general, it’s easier for young people to lose hair than old people.
B. The hair on human heads helps keep heat in cold weather.
C. If you lose 50 to 100 hairs every day. you must ask a doctor for help.
D. All the mammals have thick fur covering their whole bodies because they have no sweat glands.
【答案】18. C 19. A 20. A 21. B
【详解】
【导语】本文主要分析了脱发的原因，应对的方法以及为什么人类的头顶会有头发。
【18题详解】
细节理解题。根据“There are many reasons, such as stress, illness and styling. It also runs in families. Besides, many people simply lose hair as they grow older”可知，关于脱发的原因提到了五点：压力，疾病，发型，家族遗传，还有随着年龄的增长而脱发 ，故选C。
19题详解】
细节理解题。根据“To avoid losing hair, you should wash your hair correctly and condition（养护）your hair to help keep your hair healthy. It’s also important to be gentle when brushing or combing hair”可知，为了避免脱发，你应该正确地洗头并护理头发，梳头时要温和，故选A。
【20题详解】
词义猜测题。根据“Humans probably evolved without fur because they have more sweat glands（汗腺）than other mammals. Humans walk upright on two legs. Therefore, the top of their heads needs protection from the sun”可知，人类在进化过程中没有皮毛，人类用两条腿直立行走。 因此，他们的头顶需要长出一些毛发来防晒，所以人类头顶有毛发是跟进化有关，故evolution表示“进化”，故选A。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据“The hair also helps keep heat in cold weather and keep a healthy body temperature”可知，头发还有助于在寒冷的天气里保暖，保持健康的体温，故选B。
D
We all know the sun is important. It makes life on our planet possible. But how does the sun do that? It’s the sun’s energy.
Energy from the sun is called solar energy（太阳能）. It comes in the form of light or heat. People have used solar energy for thousands of years. The sun’s energy can be used to heat water and even food. If you own a magnifying glass, your parents have probably warned you not to leave it in the sun. Solar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn objects underneath it causing a fire. This type of energy from the sun is called solar thermal（热的）energy.
We can also turn the sun’s light into electricity. This is done with solar panels（板）. Solar panels are made up of a material called silicon（硅）. The silicon is heated and formed into very thin wafers（晶片）. When the sunlight hits the solar panel, the electrons in the silicon move and flow through wires（电线）. Using this technology, we can run a calculator and even power cars.
But what happens on cloudy days? The electrons in the silicon will stop moving, which means the electricity can’t flow. But this doesn’t mean that solar energy can only be used on sunny days. People can use the batteries（电池）which are attached to（附着于）solar panels to store the electricity. So the stored electricity can be used to power cars at night or on cloudy days.
Did you know that solar energy is not as expensive as it used to be? In fact, in the last few years, solar panels have become much more affordable for people to use. Since the sun gives off more energy in one second than people have used, imagine what we could do if we used the sun’s energy to power our planet.
22. A magnifying glass can make objects look ________.
A. smaller B. bigger C. more beautiful D. further
23. What does the third paragraph mainly tell us?
A. How to use solar thermal energy.
B. How to power our planet.
C. How to store electricity with batteries.
D. How to turn sunlight into electricity with solar panels.
24. We can use ________ to power cars at night according to the fourth paragraph.
A. thin wafers B. the moonlight C. solar thermal energy D. the stored electricity
25. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Solar panels are made up of silicon. B. Solar energy can be used for heating food.
C. It costs more to use solar energy than before. D. People have used solar energy for thousands of years.
【答案】22. B 23. D 24. D 25. C
【详解】
【导语】本文主要介绍了太阳是很重要的。人们使用太阳能很多年了。太阳释放出比现在人们使用更多的能量。所以我们应该尽力在我们的生活中找到更多的好方法去使用它。
【22题详解】
推理判断题。根据“ If you own a magnifying glass, your parents have probably warned you not to leave it in the sun. Solar energy can actually make the magnifying glass burn objects underneath it causing a fire.”和常识可知，放大镜会使物体变得更大，故选B。
【23题详解】
段落大意题。根据“We can also turn the sun’s light into electricity”分析第三段内容可知，本段主要介绍如何利用太阳能电池板将阳光转化为电能。故选D。
【24题详解】
细节理解题。根据“People can use the batteries（电池）which are attached to（附着于）solar panels to store the electricity. So the stored electricity can be used to power cars at night or on cloudy days.”可知，人们可以使用附着在太阳能电池板上的电池来储存电力，因此储存的电力可以在夜间或阴天为汽车提供动力。故选D。
【25题详解】
推理判断题。根据“Did you know that solar energy is not as expensive as it used to be?”可知，太阳能不像以前那么贵了，C项表述错误。故选C。
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项. 并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
When you use a knife and fork. you have to take the knife with your right hand and the fork with your left hand, or you can’t put food into your mouth. But with chopsticks, you can solve the eating problems with just one hand. ____26____
Chopsticks were called zhu or jia in ancient China. It is said that they were invented by Da Yu, who successfully controlled the heavy flood（洪水）. One day he was busy dealing with the flood. In order to save time when eating, he used two sticks from a tree to take the hot food. That was how chopsticks came into use. ____27____
In fact, the earliest chopsticks found in China were made of bronze（青铜）, which were unearthed from Yinxu in Anyang city. Henan Province.
Many people probably haven’t realized the cultural meanings of chopsticks. ____28____ Do you notice that one end of chopsticks is square and the other end is round? So, why? According to our ancestors, the round end symbolized（象征）Heaven and the square end symbolized Earth. ____29____ In Chinese culture, it shows the perfect combination（结合）of yin and yang.
The influence of Chinese culture has stretched（延伸）far and wide. ____30____ So it’s unbelievable that foreigners cannot use chopsticks.
A. Besides, chopsticks are used in pairs.
B. It’s convenient and efficient（有效率的）.
C. It was one of the legends（传说）about chopsticks.
D. At least 1.8 billion people are using chopsticks around the world.
E. They are regarded as one of the symbols of Chinese food culture.
【答案】26. B 27. C 28. E 29. A 30. D
【详解】
【导语】本文主要介绍了筷子的起源，与其有关的传说以及它的象征意义。
【26题详解】
根据“But with chopsticks. you can solve the eating problems with just one hand”可知，相比刀叉，筷子就方便得多，B选项“它既方便又高效”符合，故选B。
【27题详解】
根据“It is said that they were invented by Da Yu, who successfully controlled the heavy flood…”可知，此处在介绍有关筷子的传说，C选项“这是关于筷子的一个传说”符合，故选C。
【28题详解】
根据“Many people probably haven’t realized the cultural meanings of chopsticks”可知，此处介绍筷子象征的文化，E选项“它们被视为中国饮食文化的象征之一”符合，故选E。
【29题详解】
根据“In Chinese culture, it shows the perfect combination（结合）of yin and yang”可知，筷子展示了阴和阳的完美结合，所以筷子都是成对出现的，A选项“此外，筷子是成对使用的”符合，故选A。
【30题详解】
根据“The influence of Chinese culture has stretched（延伸）far and wide”可知，此处介绍筷子的影响力，D选项“全世界至少有18亿人在使用筷子”符合，故选D。
第Ⅱ卷（共70分）
第四部分 书面表达（共三节）
第一节 词汇运用（共两题. 满分30分）
（一）单词拼写（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据句意和首字母或汉语提示. 将单词的正确形式完整地写在答题卡相应的位置上。
31. There are 5 people waiting for Nucleic Acid Testing（核酸检测）in front of me. I am the s________ one.
【答案】(s)ixth
【详解】
【详解】句意：我面前有5个人在等核酸检测。我是第六个。根据“There are 5 people waiting for Nucleic Acid Testing（核酸检测）in front of me.”可知，前面有五个人，所以自己是第六个，sixth“第六”，故填(s)ixth。
32. To make the villagers’ lives easier, our government will build a b________ over the river.
【答案】(b)ridge
【详解】
【详解】句意：为了方便村民的生活，我们的政府将在这条河上建一座桥。 根据“build a …over the river.”及首字母可知，在河上建一座桥，bridge“桥”，根据a可知，此空应填单数名词，故填(b)ridge。
33. Wu Dajing, together with his teammates ________（赢得）China’s first gold medal at the 2022 Winter Olympics.
【答案】won
【详解】
【详解】句意：武大靖和他的队友们在2022年冬奥会上为中国赢得了第一枚金牌。win“赢得”，根据“at the 2022 Winter Olympics”可知，时态是一般过去时，动词用过去式，故填won。
34. The students are often ________（分开）into several groups by the teacher before discussing the difficult questions in class.
【答案】divided
【详解】
【详解】句意：在课堂上讨论难题之前，老师经常把学生分成几个小组。 divide“分开”，主语students与动词divide之间构成被动关系，用被动语态be done的结构，空格前已有助动词are，此空应填过去分词，故填divided。
35. Spacewalks can be dangerous. There is no air in space. And it’s filled with ________（有害的）radiation（辐射）.
【答案】harmful
【详解】
【详解】句意：太空行走可能是危险。太空中没有空气。它充满了有害的辐射。harmful“有害的”，作定语修饰radiation，故填harmful。
（二）综合填空（共10小题；每小题2分，满分20分）
根据短文内容，用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，使文章通顺完整。（每词限用一次）
first, require, among, care, be, different, both, habit, how, finally
Cooking is supposed to be the most basic living skill for humans. However, there are many kids who are used to being fed and taken ____36____ of everywhere like “little emperors and little princesses”. They can’t tell the ____37____between food materials like leeks（韭菜）and shallots（小葱）.
In order to stress（强调）the importance of hard-working spirit education ____38____ students, the Communist Party of China Central Committee recently released（发布）the guidelines. The guidelines call for students to respect labor（劳动）work. Students should learn basic life skills and develop good working ____39____ through such education.
Students will be ____40____ to understand and master the basics of home cooking from preparing vegetables to ____41____ being able to complete the whole process of home cooking independently. These will be lifelong skills for kids, helping them develop into well-rounded individuals（个体）not just students who ____42____ able to take exams.
As children’s ____43____ teachers, parents should also encourage children to learn ____44____ to do chores at home. Students should master one or two life skills every year. These skills can include cooking, washing their own clothes and tidying their rooms.
It’s really important for students to take labor education ____45____ at school and at home.
【答案】36. care
37. differences##difference
38. among 39. habits
40. required
41. finally
42. are 43. first
44. how 45. both
【详解】
【导语】本文主要介绍了国家发布关于让学生们重视和尊重劳动的指导方针，从老师和家长角度作出了相应的建议。
【36题详解】
句意：然而，有很多孩子习惯了像“小皇帝和小公主”一样到处都有人喂，有人照顾。根据“taken … of everywhere”及备选词可知，此处用take care of表示“照顾”，故填care。
【37题详解】
句意：他们分不清韭菜和青葱这类食物。根据“They can’t tell the…between food materials like leeks（韭菜）and shallots”及备选词可知，分不清韭菜和青葱，difference“差异”，此空可以填单数名词，也可以填复数名词，故填differences/difference。
【38题详解】
句意：为了强调对学生进行勤奋精神教育的重要性。根据“In order to stress（强调）the importance of hard-working spirit education …students”及备选词可知，在学生中强调这个重要性，among“在……之中”，故填among。
【39题详解】
句意：通过这样的教育，学生应该学会基本的生活技能，养成良好的学习习惯。根据“develop good working”及备选词可知，培养好的习惯，habit“习惯”，此空应填名词复数形式，故填habits。
【40题详解】
句意：从准备蔬菜到最终能够独立完成家庭烹饪的整个过程，学生将被要求了解和掌握家庭烹饪的基本知识。根据“Students will be … to understand and master the basics of home cooking”及备选词可知，要求学生掌握这些技能，require“需要”，此处是被动语态，故此空应填过去分词，故填required。
【41题详解】
句意：从准备蔬菜到最终能够独立完成家庭烹饪的整个过程，学生将被要求了解和掌握家庭烹饪的基本知识。根据“from preparing vegetables to … being able to complete the whole process of home cooking independently”及备选词可知，此处指最终独立完成整个过程，副词finally“最终”作状语，故填finally。
【42题详解】
句意：这些将是孩子们终身技能，帮助他们发展成为全面发展的个体，而不仅仅是能够参加考试的学生。be able to do sth“能够做某事”，句子是一般现在时，先行词students是复数形式，be动词用are，故填are。
【43题详解】
句意：作为孩子的启蒙老师，家长也应该鼓励孩子学会如何在家做家务。根据“As children’s… teachers, parents should also encourage”及常识可知，家长是孩子们的启蒙老师，first teacher“启蒙老师”，故填first。
44题详解】
句意：作为孩子的启蒙老师，家长也应该鼓励孩子学会如何在家做家务。此空缺少引导词引导宾语从句，备选词how符合，故填how。
【45题详解】
句意：对于学生来说，在学校和家里接受劳动教育都是非常重要的。根据“at school and at home”可知，此处用both…and表示“……和……都”，故填both。
第二节阅读表达（共6小题；1-3小题每题2分: 4-6小题每题3分，满分15分）
阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的词数要求）
[1]Water is important in our life, but sometimes water can be dangerous for kids. So we must pay attention to the kids’ safety in water. Water safety begins at home or in the pool. Here are some suggestions for you.
[2]Be（4）①________ of the hot water. Hot water can be dangerous, especially for kids under five. These young kids have thinner skin than older kids and adults, so it’s easier for them to be burnt（烫伤）. Staying in hot water that’s 60℃ for just 3 seconds can give a child a third-degree burn. You can reduce the risk by testing the water with your wrist（腕）or elbow before placing your kid in bath.
[3]Watch out for danger in the bathroom. The bathroom is full of danger for young kids. Never leave a young child alone in the bathroom, especially while he or she is bathing. Remember to put away hair dryers and all other electrical appliances（家用电器）to avoid the risk.
[4]Never let kids swim alone. Swimming in the water may make you feel great. As the kids move in the water, many small muscle（肌肉）groups are working to help them keep balance. But it’s not a perfect sport because of the risk of injury（伤害）. For example, many types of swimming need repeated arm movements. Over time, the movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries. So it’s dangerous when they stay in the water alone, they may even drown（溺亡）. So the kids are not supposed to swim（4）②________ their parents’ company（陪伴）.
[5]Everyone should realize the importance of water safety. （75）To keep the kids safe, we need to learn more about what we should do. After all, everyone（4）③________ only one life!
46. Why is it easier for young kids to be burnt? （No more than 10 words）
________________________________________
47. What things should be put away to avoid the risk according to the third paragraph? （No more than 12 words）
________________________________________
48. What may happen if the kids repeat arm movements for a long time while swimming? （No more than 14 words）
________________________________________
49. Fill in each blank in the passage with one proper word.
①___________ ②___________ ③___________
50. Translate the underlined sentence in the fifth paragraph into Chinese.
________________________________________
51. If your classmate invites you to swim in the river, what’s your proper response（回应）？Please write down your answer and list one or two reasons.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】46. Because they have thinner skin./Because their skin is thinner./Because they have thinner skin than older kids and adults.
47. Hair dryers and all other electrical appliances./Hair dryers and all other electrical appliances should be put away.
48. It/The movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries.或It/The movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries, and the kids may even drown.
49. ①. ①careful ②. ②without ③. ③ has/owns
50. 为了确保孩子们的安全，我们需要学习（了解）更多我们应该做的事情。
51. Possible responses:
I will refuse to go with him (her) and advise him (her) not to do that.
I’ll refuse/turn down his (her) invitation and prevent/stop him (her) from going swimming in the river.
I’ll refuse to go with him (her) and tell his (her) parents/the teachers about it at once.
I’ll accept his (her) invitation if parents can go with us.
Possible reasons:
Because it’s dangerous for us to swim in the river without parents’ company./Because it breaks the school rules./Because our teacher told us not to swim alone./Because we’ll be safe if parents go swimming with us.
【详解】
【导语】本文介绍了如何保证小孩在水里的安全问题。
【46题详解】
根据“These young kids have thinner skin than older kids and adults, so it’s easier for them to be burnt”可知，这些年幼的孩子比年长的孩子和成年人的皮肤更薄，所以更容易烧伤，故填Because they have thinner skin./Because their skin is thinner./Because they have thinner skin than older kids and adults.
【47题详解】
根据“Remember to put away hair dryers and all other electrical appliances（家用电器）to avoid the risk”可知，把吹风机和所有其他电器收起来，以避免风险 ，故填Hair dryers and all other electrical appliances./Hair dryers and all other electrical appliances should be put away.
【48题详解】
根据“Over time, the movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries. So it’s dangerous when they stay in the water alone, they may even drown”可知，这种动作会导致肩部和颈部受伤，甚至可能会溺水，故填It/The movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries.或It/The movements can cause shoulder and neck injuries, and the kids may even drown.
【49题详解】
根据“Be… of the hot water”可知，此处指要小心热水，be careful of“小心”。根据“So the kids are not supposed to swim… their parents’ company”可知，此处指没有家长的陪伴，孩子们不应该独自游泳，without“没有”。根据“everyone… only one life”可知，每个人只有一个生命，have“有”，own“拥有”，句子是一般现在时，不定代词everyone作主语，动词用三单，故填careful；without；has/owns。
【50题详解】
keep the kids safe“确保孩子们的安全”，动词不定式表目的状语；need to do sth“需要做某事”；learn more about what we should do“学习（了解）更多我们应该做的事情”，故填：为了确保孩子们的安全，我们需要学习（了解）更多我们应该做的事情。
【51题详解】
开放性题，答案合理即可。参考答案为：I will refuse to go with him (her) and advise him (her) not to do that.
I’ll refuse/turn down his (her) invitation and prevent/stop him (her) from going swimming in the river.
I’ll refuse to go with him (her) and tell his (her) parents/the teachers about it at once.
I’ll accept his (her) invitation if parents can go with us.
Because it’s dangerous for us to swim in the river without parents’ company./Because it breaks the school rules./Because our teacher told us not to swim alone./Because we’ll be safe if parents go swimming with us.
第三节写作（共1题，满分25分）
52. 让青少年利用课余时间参加志愿者服务活动，对其成长具有重要意义，可以帮助他们学习新技能，增强沟通能力和社会责任感。暑假将至，请根据下面表格中的内容提示，以 “My Volunteer Work Plan” 为题写一篇英语短文，介绍你选择的活动项目及活动计划，并谈谈参加志愿者服务活动的意义。
Volunteer Work
◎Help in the city library ◎Clean up the city parks
◎Hold a charity bazaar（义卖） ◎Do volunteer work in a hospital
◎Visit the old people’s home ◎…
要求: 1. 可选择表格中的1-2个活动项目，也可自拟活动项目；
2. 语句通顺，意思连贯，词数80-100；
3. 文中不得出现真实的姓名、校名、地名等与考生本人相关的信息。
My Volunteer Work Plan
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】例文
My Volunteer Work Plan
The summer holiday is coming. I am going to do some volunteer work. I will help to clean up the city park. Of course, I will ask more people to join me. I will call up my friends and ask them to come. We will pick up the litter, the plastic bags and other waste things. I hope our city will be more beautiful. Besides, I am going to visit sick kids in hospital. I love children and enjoy getting along with them. I will sing for the kids at the city hospital to cheer them up. I hope they can be better soon.
Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but also I get to spend time doing what I love to do. All in all, I will enjoy myself in the summer holiday.
【详解】
【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇材料作文。介绍自己的暑假期间的志愿者计划。
2.写作指导：本文主要采用一般将来时，人称采用第一人称为主。分为两段式：第一段介绍自己的志愿者计划以及打算做些什么事情；第二段表达自己做志愿者的感悟。写作时保持主谓一致性，做到无语法和标点错误。
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