河南省顶级名校2022-2023学年高三上学期1月阶段性检测英语试题含答案

这是一份河南省顶级名校2022-2023学年高三上学期1月阶段性检测英语试题含答案，共25页。
河南省顶级名校2022-2023学年高三上学期1月阶段性检测英语试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________

第一部分、阅读理解
Meet Incredible Conservation Heroes Saving Wildlife from Extinction
Anne Savage
Dr. Savage founded a conservation program to protect cotton-top tamarins(棉顶狨猴). She pioneered in the development of new technologies to study the animal in the Colombian forest. She also helped conduct a study that found only 7,500 individuals remained. As a result, the International Union for Conservation of Nature changed the classification of cotton-top tamarins from Endangered to Critically Endangered, which brought the species to more people’s notice.
Elena Bykova
Having majored in biology, Bykova has a good knowledge of the saiga antelope(赛加羚羊). As Executive Secretary of the Saiga Conservation Alliance, an international organization, Bykova works to save the antelope. Illegal shooting is the single biggest threat, and Bykova concentrates on raising public awareness of the danger, finding alternative livelihood opportunities for local communities, and protecting saiga habitats.
Jeanne Tarrant
Frogs are astonishingly diverse and beautiful for Dr. Tarrant. Over the years, she has helped put the spotlight on many highly threatened species of frogs that face extinction due to habitat loss, climate change, and hunts by their animal enemies. No wonder she is called the “Frog Lady” of South Africa!
Marilyn Connell
Living only in the Mary River of Queensland, the Mary River turtle(龟) takes in oxygen in two ways. Being hunted by other wildlife is the Mary River turtle’s biggest threat. Connell and her team investigate the threats to the species and take measures to protect the eggs and newborns from being hunted, ensuring the species has a chance to survive.
1. What made cotton-top tamarins get more attention?
A. Dr. Savage’s conservation program. B. The adjustment to their risk category.
C. Research into cotton-top tamarins. D. The development of new technologies.
2. What does Elena Bykova do to protect the saiga antelope?
A. She founds an international organization.
B. She chooses biology as her main subject of study.
C. She provides ways for locals to make a living.
D. She fights against the behavior of illegal shooting.
3. What affects the survival of both frogs and the Mary River turtles?
A. Changes to living habits. B. Threats from other species.
C. Loss of their habitat. D. Difficulty in raising newborns.

Born in 1902, Harry Beck was an English engineering draftsman(制图员) who brought about a small revolution in the early 1930s when he created a completely new map of the London Underground.
Before Beck’s design, early maps were usually drawn to a geographically accurate scale(比例). Map designers simply placed the subway lines on standard maps of the city streets. These maps clearly showed the subway lines that reached the areas outside the centre of London, but they made it difficult to make out the busy lines that joined directly under central London.
In the 1930s, Beck came up with a solution that would not take the geographical accuracy into account. He created a map that was a scaled-down linear diagram of the subway lines. More a basic outline of the lines than a true-to-life map, it didn’t tell travelers about how far it actually was between two points. Beck’s map had a clean structure with coloured lines. His idea was to create the plainest guide to show travelers how to get from one station to another.
It’s not clear what inspired him to start the project; he wasn’t asked to do it, but likely developed his design in his free time, while between jobs. It was more a presentation of his being creative, in seeing a problem and coming up with an answer to it, than a response to public demand.
His design was then presented to the London Passenger Transport Board, whose members refused to accept it, feeling that not showing relative distances between stations was silly and unreasonable. Still, after a time, in order to increase subway ridership and therefore earn more money, the Board decided to print a limited number of copies. Gradually, Beck’s map became a huge success.
For most of his life, Beck continued to make small improvements to the diagram, but he kept its basic designs and ideas. His clear diagrammatic method of mapping has been generally accepted and followed in the field of information design not only in London but also around the world.
4. What is the disadvantage of early subway maps?
A. They were not to scale. B. They were hard to draw.
C. They were not user-friendly. D. They were seldom updated.
5. Which aspect of a subway map did Beck focus on?
A. Its simplicity. B. Its vivid details.
C. Its completeness. D. Its geographical accuracy.
6. What do we know about Beck’s map from paragraphs 4 and 5?
A. It was created accidentally. B. It was an immediate success.
C. It was a reflection of his creativity. D. It was designed to meet public need.
7. How did Beck contribute to the world?
A. He changed the construction of subways.
B. He inspired designers to improve the subway.
C. He made the first scaled-down linear map.
D. He provided a model for the design of subway maps.

Pieter Bruegel’s 1565 realistic painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. “The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are,” Ghent University biologist Ive De Smet says. “Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see wheat is about knee-high, which is a consequence of selective breeding from the second half of the 20th century.” De Smet says he’s teaming up with art historian David Vergauwen of Amarant to look at things where they can spot differences in shape, in color, and in size. Wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can help track the transformation of food crops over time.
Friends since childhood, their interest in plants in artwork began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum in Russia — where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early- 17th-century painting by Flemish artist Frans Snyders.
“So if you think of a watermelon, you cut it through, it should be dark red on the inside. But that one appeared to be pale and white.” De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But Vergauwen said, “This is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he paints it like that, that’s the way it must have been.” Other paintings showed that both red and white watermelons were raised during the 17th century.
The team hopes to set up an online research database of historical plant artwork. They create a social media hashtag(主题标签) for it. Anyone could send pictures of relevant artwork and details of plants when they visit a museum or exhibit through the hashtag. But, they adds, the sources need to be realistic. “If you’re going to use, for example, Picasso to understand how a pear looked, you might be misled.”
8. What can we learn from De Smet’s words in paragraph 1?
A. Humans have mainly fed on wheat since 1565.
B. Selective breeding affects agricultural structure.
C. Wheat has gone through great changes in height.
D. The scene in The Harvesters may be unbelievable.
9. What is Vergauwen’s attitude to the watermelon painted by Frans Snyders?
A. Curious. B. Disapproving. C. Favorable. D. Doubtful.
10. Why was the social media hashtag created?
A. To collect more source paintings. B. To encourage people to focus on art.
C. To advertise their research database. D. To share some historical plant artwork.
11. What is the text mainly about?
A. Ancient paintings focus on food crops.
B. Old art reveals agricultural information.
C. Two men create a database of plant artwork.
D. Plants today are different from their ancestors.

We humans often navigate(导航) using road signs and GPS. But what about elephants? Connie Allen, a behavioural ecologist at the University of Exeter in the U.K., said “the elephants navigate over long distances using their unbelievable memories”, which makes others consider that an elephant will never forget. But it’s also been suggested here and there that maybe olfaction is extremely important for these long-distance movements.
Allen and her colleagues checked that idea by testing African elephants’ ability to identify a very special smell: the smell of pee(尿). You see, an elephant pees a lot — some 12 to 15 gallons a day — and that pee can contain a series of chemical signals.
But first, they needed some pee. So they headed for a spot along Botswana’s Boteti River and waited. They waited for elephants to pee and, within 20 minutes, went and collected these fresh pee samples. Then they set up cameras on seven paths which the elephants usually walked along. After observing the elephants’ natural behaviour on the paths, they noticed that the majority of the elephants checked smells along the paths — especially elephants travelling alone, which is an indication, the researchers said, that smells may serve as signposts along the paths.
Next, they placed those pee samples along the paths. And they found that for at least two days, passing elephants trained their trunks on the samples, especially samples from mature adults, which is another indication that smells might be an effective navigational signal. Their findings appeared in the journal Animal Behaviour.
Based on these results, they hope conservationists might be able to use elephant pee as a decoy(诱饵). If we can trick elephants into thinking other elephants are going this way, maybe we can redirect them away from where they are coming into conflict with humans at the moment.
12. What does the underlined word “olfaction” in paragraph 1 mean?
A. The roadside signpost. B. The sense of smell.
C. The long-term memory. D. The sense of direction.
13. How did researchers get their conclusions?
A. By doing field research. B. By analyzing causes and effects.
C. By making comparisons. D. By doing laboratory experiments.
14. What might be a potential benefit of the findings according to the text?
A. Helping elephants to find other companions.
B. Inspiring new research directions in elephants.
C. Raising public awareness of elephant protection.
D. Making elephants and humans coexist peacefully.
15. Which of the following could be the best title for the text?
A. African Elephants Show Personality-based Movements
B. Elephants Are Born With Excellent Ability to Navigate
C. African Elephants May Use Pee as a Road Sign
D. Elephants Have a Good Memory for Roads


二、七选五
When choosing Chinese universities, it is necessary for students to take both university conditions and self-qualifications into consideration. ____16____ The following factors should be considered carefully before making decisions.
Students’ graduation result
Students’ graduation result provided during the application is the key reference for the university to decide whether to admit or not. The stronger comprehensive strength and better reputation the university has, the stricter requirement for students’ graduation result will be. ____17____
Economy conditions
The cost of the study in China is relatively cheap, while daily expenses are not exactly the same in different areas. In Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and other developed coastal cities, the daily expense can be relatively higher than that of inland. These cities’ living conditions are relatively better and entertainment and recreational facilities are richer. Therefore, when choosing universities, your economy factor needs to be taken into account.
____18____
China is a large country and the northern and southern China has many differences in climate and diet custom. ____19____ Students need to consider whether the climate, traffic, diet, and culture of the city that university lies in are as expected before applying, so as to choose suitable universities.
Professional or comprehensive strength
In China, universities can be divided into comprehensive and professional two kinds. Which is more important, professional strength or comprehensive strength? ____20____ If you want to make achievements in professional field, we suggest that you consider professional kind of university. If you want to get diploma of a university which is comprehensive strength strong and well-known, the comprehensive kind of university may be better to meet your demand.
A. Location preference
B. Each city has its own characteristics.
C. There is no absolute answer actually.
D. Students sometimes get stuck when choosing majors.
E. Everyone hopes to choose suitable Chinese university reasonably.
F. You should make a reasonable assessment about self-qualifications.
G. So apply for a suitable university according to your graduation result.


三、完形填空
I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized me. My wallet was gone. I could only have left it on the G9 bus, which was now speeding in the dark to some ______21______ station.
The ____22____ moment was quickly followed by mental math. How much time and money would it cost to replace the _____23_____ of that little wallet? The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash, all lost to the bus.
Two hours later, back at my house, I heard a knock on the door. My husband ______24______ it while I was on the phone in the dining room. “Does Jennifer live here?” I heard a lady say. In my husband’s hand was my wallet, with not a penny _____25_____. She left before I could ____26____ make it to the door to offer my thanks.
After sharing the story online, I heard from someone, who ____27____ the lady as Erin Smith. Without ___28___, I called to thank her. She said she ____29____ my wallet on a bus seat. She _______30_______ that going to a stranger’s house was a ______31______ move, but she decided to take the chance. “If I were in that ______32______, I would want someone to try to find me,” she said.
This one stranger responded beautifully to my small ______33______, but she actually wasn’t the only one. Right after Erin ______34______ my wallet on the bus, she posted a picture of my driver’s license to an online forum(论坛), trying to see ______35______ anyone knew me. No sooner did she leave my doorstep than I had emails from two women whose kids go to my son’s nursery and who recognized my face. I’ve never ______36______ words with those moms beyond small talk, but they wanted to help. I read that people are more divided than ever, but that’s not how the people I _______37_______ tend to act.
_____38_____, I feel blessed someone had wanted to help a stranger. Erin had gone ______39______ what almost anyone would have done, finding my house on a bitterly cold night, and for that I was extremely ______40______.
21. A. accessible B. hidden C. unknown D. convenient
22. A. face-saving B. brain-washing C. eye-catching D. heart-stopping
23. A. parts B. contents C. details D. ingredients
24. A. ignored B. answered C. examined D. interrupted
25. A. missing B. returned C. remaining D. abandoned
26. A. still B. ever C. yet D. even
27. A. selected B. appointed C. identified D. defined
28. A. delay B. alarm C. regret D. invitation
29. A. moved B. placed C. opened D. spotted
30. A. disagreed B. complained C. calculated D. recommended
31. A. selfless B. risky C. slow D. personal
32. A. site B. direction C. situation D. atmosphere
33. A. crisis B. danger C. threat D. failure
34. A. got rid of B. made use of C. had control of D. took possession of
35. A. if B. where C. how D. when
36. A. recalled B. exchanged C. repeated D. whispered
37. A. encounter B. follow C. consult D. accompany
38. A. Going away B. Turning around C. Looking back D. Coming along
39. A. into B. against C. over D. beyond
40. A. longing B. enthusiastic C. concerned D. grateful


语法填空
Geneticist(基因学家) Dr. Arney has explored the impact that humans have had on the evolutionary process of the species in the past decade.
From driving species to farm animals to new technologies like genetic engineering and cloning, Arney found ___41___ impossible to ignore the influence of humans on the planet. 10 years ago Arney chatted with Dr. Helen about the ___42___ (theme) in her book, Life Changing: How humans are changing life on earth? How animal species ___43___ (shape) through genetic engineering so far? From Helen’s own genetically ___44___ (transform) wolves to swift swallows, he heard about someways humans had changed the animals around. Dr. Alex, ___45___ (manage) of the Royal Zoological Society, discussed how genetics can be used ___46___ (understand) species’ changing ways. Arney was involved in Alex’s projects stopping animals’ ___47___ (terrible) cruel purchasing and hunting. Last year, Arney met Dr. Bill. It’s in Bill’s lab ___48___ he carried out the cloning procedure creating Dolly the Sheep, the first mammal(哺乳动物) from an adult cell in the 1990s. From his lab, Arney ___49___ (figure) out some puzzles which had been confusing him for long.
Arney owes his career in research to his long-sought dream and many outstanding pioneers, ____50____ whom he can’t have had such amazing discoveries.


五、短文改错
Knowing that you took part in the Mandarin Speech Contest and getting the first prize, I’m writing to congratulate to you! I always remember what you’ve devoted to learn Mandarin. Never did you give up, what happened. And that paid out. Your efforts, especially your determination, is really admirable. I have learned from you that we should make constantly efforts to achieve a goal even if many difficulties are in store for you. I feel so proud of you and it is great honor to have a friend like you. Congratulations again and best wish to you!

书面表达
假定你是李华，英语课上老师请你向全班同学介绍一处中国文化遗产。请写一篇发言稿，内容包括：
1. 简要介绍一处中国文化遗产；
2. 游览该文化遗产时的注意事项。
注意：
1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，使行文连贯。
My dear classmates,
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

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1. B    2. C    3. B
本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四位野生动物保护主义者为保护一些高度濒危的物种所作的努力。
1. 细节理解题。根据对Anne Savage的介绍中的“As a result, the International Union for Conservation of Nature changed the classification of cotton-top tamarins from Endangered to Critically Endangered, which brought the species to more people’s notice.（因此，国际自然保护联盟将棉顶狨猴的分类从濒危物种转变为极度濒危物种，这使该物种引起了更多的人的注意。）”可知，世界自然保护联盟把棉顶狨猴的濒危等级从濒危改为极度濒危，因此可知，濒危等级的改变引起了更多人对它们的关注。故选B。
2. 细节理解题。根据对Elena Bykova的介绍中的“As Executive Secretary of the Saiga Conservation Alliance, an international organization, Bykova works to save the antelope. Illegal shooting is the single biggest threat, and Bykova concentrates on raising public awareness of the danger, finding alternative livelihood opportunities for local communities, and protecting saiga habitats.（作为国际组织赛加羚羊保护联盟的执行秘书，贝科娃致力于拯救羚羊。非法狩猎是最大的威胁，贝科娃专注于提高公众对危险的认识，为当地社区寻找替代性生计机会，并保护赛加羚羊的栖息地。）”可知，Bykova为当地居民寻找其他谋生机会，以防止他们非法狩猎赛加羚羊。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据对Jeanne Tarrant的介绍中的“Frogs are astonishingly diverse and beautiful for Dr. Tarrant. Over the years, she has helped put the spotlight on many highly threatened species of frogs that face extinction due to habitat loss, climate change, and hunts by their animal enemies.（在塔伦特博士看来，青蛙的多样性和美丽程度令人惊讶。多年来，她帮助人们关注了许多高度濒危的青蛙物种，由于栖息地丧失、气候变化和它们的动物敌人的捕猎，这些青蛙面临灭绝。）”可知，动物天敌的猎食对一些濒危蛙类造成了巨大威胁；根据对Marilyn Connell的介绍中的“Being hunted by other wildlife is the Mary River turtle’s biggest threat.（被其他野生动物猎杀是玛丽河龟最大的威胁。）”可知，其他野生动物的捕猎是玛丽河龟面临的最大威胁。因此可知，蛙类和玛丽河龟受到其它物种的影响。故选B。
4. C    5. A    6. C    7. D
本文是一篇说明文。为了解决早期伦敦地铁线路图中存在的问题，Harry Beck绘制了更为实用的地铁线路图。
4. 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“These maps clearly showed the subway lines that reached the areas outside the centre of London, but they made it difficult to make out the busy lines that joined directly under central London.（这些地图清楚地显示了通往伦敦市中心以外地区的地铁线路，但它们使人们很难分辨出直接连接伦敦市中心的繁忙线路）”可知，早期的地铁线路图使用起来很不方便。故选C。
5. 细节理解题。根据第三段中的“More a basic outline of the lines than a true-to-life map, it didn’t tell travelers about how far it actually was between two points. Beck’s map had a clean structure with coloured lines. His idea was to create the plainest guide to show travelers how to get from one station to another.（它更像是线条的基本轮廓，而不是真实的地图，它没有告诉旅行者两点之间的实际距离。贝克的地图结构清晰，有彩色线条。他的想法是创建最简单的指南，告诉旅行者如何从一个站到另一个站）”可知，Beck注重的是地铁线路图的简明性。故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据第四段中的“It was more a presentation of his being creative, in seeing a problem and coming up with an answer to it, than a response to public demand.（这与其说是对公众需求的回应，不如说是对他发现问题并提出解决方案的创造性展示）”可知，Beck设计的新的地铁线路图在更大程度上是对他在解决问题方面的创造力的展现，这一行为不是为了满足公众的需求。故选C。
7. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“His clear diagrammatic method of mapping has been generally accepted and followed in the field of information design not only in London but also around the world.（他清晰的图解映射方法不仅在伦敦，而且在世界各地的信息设计领域得到了广泛的接受和遵循）”可知Beck的绘图方式被广泛接受和沿用。由此可推断Beck为地铁线路图设计提供了一个范例。故选D。
8. C    9. C    10. A    11. B
本文是篇说明文。文章通过以在大都会艺术博物馆展出的一幅1565年的绘画作品“The Harvesters”为例，结合其它艺术作品，说明了可以通过过去的艺术作品了解当时的农业情况。
8. 细节理解题。根据第一段“The work describes farmers cutting wheat nearly as tall as they are,”（这幅作品描述的是农民割几乎和他们一样高的麦子）和“Nowadays, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see wheat is about knee-high, which is a consequence of selective breeding from the second half of the 20th century.”（如今，如果你走过一块麦田，你基本上会看到小麦大约有膝盖那么高，这是20世纪下半叶选择性育种的结果）可知，小麦的高度由一人高变成齐膝高，在高度上经历了很大的变化。故选C。
9. 推理判断题。根据第三段“But Vergauwen said, ‘This is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he paints it like that, that’s the way it must have been.’”（但Vergauwen说：“这是那个时代最好的画家之一。所以如果他把它画成那样，那就一定是那样的。”）可知，Vergauwen认为Frans Snyders画的西瓜是真实的，表示支持。故选C。
10. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“The team hopes to set up an online research database of historical plant artwork. They create a social media hashtag(主题标签) for it.”（该团队希望建立一个历史植物艺术品的在线研究数据库，他们为此创建了一个社交媒体标签）和“Anyone could send pictures of relevant artwork and details of plants when they visit a museum or exhibit through the hashtag.”（任何人在参观博物馆或展览时都可以通过这个标签发送相关艺术作品的图片和植物的细节）可知，社交媒体标签被创建是为了收集更多的与植物有关的绘画作品，建立一个在线数据库，提供研究资源。故选A。
11. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can help track the transformation of food crops over time.”（小麦只是历史艺术作品如何帮助追踪粮食作物随时间而变化的一个例子）并结合全文内容可知，本文通过在大都会艺术博物馆展出的一幅1565年的绘画作品“The Harvesters”，看到了小麦的变化，反映了当时的农业情况；并结合其它艺术作品，说明过去的艺术作品可以展现当时的农业情况。故选B。
12. B    13. A    14. D    15. C
本文是一篇说明文。行为生态学家Connie Allen认为大象凭借惊人的记忆力进行远距离导航，但也有人提出，大象在进行远距离活动时嗅觉尤为重要。为了验证这一观点，Connie Allen和她的同事们开展了研究，证明确实如此。
1. 词义猜测题。根据下文“Allen and her colleagues checked that idea by testing African elephants’ ability to identify a very special smell: the smell of pee(尿). You see, an elephant pees a lot — some 12 to 15 gallons a day — and that pee can contain a series of chemical signals.（艾伦和她的同事通过测试非洲象识别一种非常特殊的气味的能力来验证这一想法：尿的气味。你看，大象尿得很多——大约每天12到15加仑——这些尿可以包含一系列化学信号。）”以及这个实验过程可知，Connie Allen和同事们通过测试大象对路边大象尿液的感知能力来进行研究，最终发现，大象可以利用尿液的气味进行远距离活动，由此可知，嗅觉对大象的远距离活动尤为重要。画线词olfaction的含义应为“嗅觉”。故选B。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段的“They waited for elephants to pee and, within 20 minutes, went and collected these fresh pee samples.Then they set up cameras on seven paths which the elephants usually walked along.（他们等大象尿尿，20分钟后去收集这些新鲜的尿样本。然后，他们在大象通常会走的七条道路上设置了摄像机。）”和第四段的“Next, they placed those pee samples along the paths.（接下来，他们将这些尿液样本沿着小路放置。）”可知，研究人员在野外收集大象尿液样本，在七条大象常走的道路上安装摄像机来观察大象的行为，并把尿液样本放在路边来了解嗅觉对大象的影响。由此可推知，研究人员是通过野外研究的方式得出结论的。故选A。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Based on these results, they hope conservationists might be able to use elephant pee as a decoy(诱饵). If we can trick elephants into thinking other elephants are going this way, maybe we can redirect them away from where they are coming into conflict with humans at the moment.（基于这些结果，他们希望环保人士可以用大象的尿液作为诱饵。如果我们能哄骗大象，让它们以为其他大象正朝这条路走，也许我们就能引导它们离开与人类发生冲突的地方。）”可知，如果人类可以利用大象的尿液作为诱饵骗过大象，引导大象改变行进方向，就能避免与人类发生冲突。因此推断研究结果的潜在益处是使人类和大象能够和平共处。故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。综观全文，尤其是第三段中的“especially elephants travelling alone, which is an indication, the researchers said, that smells may serve as signposts along the paths.（特别是大象独自旅行，研究人员说，这是一个迹象，气味可能是道路上的路标。）”及第四段中的“And they found that for at least two days, passing elephants trained their trunks on the samples, especially samples from mature adults, which is another indication that smells might be an effective navigational signal. （他们发现，在至少两天的时间里，经过的大象用它们的鼻子来训练样本，特别是来自成年大象的样本，这是另一个迹象，表明气味可能是一种有效的导航信号。）”可知，本文主要讲述的是行为生态学家Connie Allen和同事们通过研究发现非洲象根据尿液的气味进行远距离活动。故选C。
16. E    17. G    18. A    19. B    20. C
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何合理地选择中国的大学，文章建议学生从毕业成绩、经济条件、地域偏好等方面去考虑，选择适合自己的大学。
16. 上文“When choosing Chinese universities, it is necessary for students to take both university conditions and self-qualifications into consideration.（学生在选择中国的大学时，既要考虑大学的条件，又要考虑自身的条件）”指出，学生在选择中国的大学时需要考虑的因素，设空处承上启下，下文“The following factors should be considered carefully before making decisions.（在做出决策之前，应仔细考虑以下因素）”说明，下文指出了选择大学需要考虑的其他因素。E项“每个人都希望合理地选择合适的中国大学。”指出人人都希望合理地选择合适的中国大学，而在做选择前要仔细考虑上下文所述因素，符合文意，承上启下，且E项中的“choose”与上文一致。故选E项。
17. 上文“The stronger comprehensive strength and better reputation the university has, the stricter requirement for students’ graduation result will be.（学校的综合实力越强，声誉越好，对学生的毕业成绩要求也就越严格）”指出，学生毕业成绩是大学决定是否录取的关键依据，大学的综合实力与声誉不同，对学生的毕业成绩要求也不同。G项“所以，根据你的毕业成绩申请一所合适的大学。”承接上文，符合文意，且G项中的“graduation result”与上文一致。故选G项。
18. 设空处为本段小标题，总结本段内容。通过下文“the northern and southern China has many differences in climate and diet custom（中国北方和南方在气候和饮食习惯上有许多差异）”以及“Students need to consider whether the climate, traffic, diet, and culture of the city that university lies in are as expected before applying（学生在申请之前需要考虑大学所在城市的气候、交通、饮食和文化是否符合预期）”可推知，本段主要介绍了不同学生的地域偏好也不尽相同，要根据自己的喜好选择合适的大学。A项“地域偏好”符合段意，引出下文。故选A项。
19. 下文“Students need to consider whether the climate, traffic, diet, and culture of the city that university lies in are as expected before applying, so as to choose suitable universities.（学生在申请之前需要考虑大学所在城市的气候、交通、饮食和文化是否符合预期，以便选择合适的大学）”指出，选择自己心仪的大学时，需要考虑大学所在城市的气候、交通、饮食和文化等是否符合预期。B项“每个城市都有自己的特点。”符合文意，引出下文。故选B项。
20. 上文“Which is more important, professional strength or comprehensive strength?（专业实力和综合实力哪个更重要）”提出问题让读者思考，设空处承上启下，下文“If you want to make achievements in professional field, we suggest that you consider professional kind of university. If you want to get diploma of a university which is comprehensive strength strong and well-known, the comprehensive kind of university may be better to meet your demand.（如果你想在专业领域取得成就，我们建议你考虑专业的大学。如果你想获得一所综合实力强、知名度高的大学的文凭，综合性大学可能更能满足你的需求）”指出，专业的大学和综合性大学各有千秋，主要是看学生想要从大学中获得什么。C项“实际上没有绝对的答案。”回答了上文的问题，承上启下。故选C项。

21. C    22. D    23. B    24. B    25. A    26. D    27. C    28. A    29. D    30. C    31. B    32. C    33. A    34. D    35. A    36. B    37. A    38. C    39. D    40. D
这是一篇夹叙夹议类的文章。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，一个陌生人Erin捡到了作者的钱包，在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还钱包。作者深受感动，体会到人们还是愿意互相帮助的。
21. 本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我只可能把它留在G9巴士上了，那辆巴士现在在黑暗中飞驰到某个未知的车站。A. accessible可进入的；B. hidden隐藏的；C. unknown未知的；D. convenient方便的。根据前文的“fear seized me. My wallet was gone.”可以推知，作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，而汽车正在开往某个作者未知的地方，这使得找回钱包的希望渺茫，因此作者心生“恐惧”。故选C。
22. 本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：惊心动魄的那一刻紧接着是心理数学A. face-saving保全体面的；B. brain-washing洗脑的；C. eye-catching引人注目的；D. heart-stopping惊心动魄的。根据上一段中的“fear seized me”可以推知，作者在发现丢了钱包之后的第一感觉是“害怕”，之后，作者开始在内心计算找回钱包里的那些东西所需要的时间和钱数。故该空应和fear表达的意思相近，故选D。
23. 本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：换掉那个小钱包里的东西需要多少时间和金钱？A. parts部分；B. contents所含之物，所容纳之物；C. details细节；D. ingredients材料。该空指下文中提到的“The credit cards, the driver’s license, the cash,”这些都是钱包里装的东西。故选B。
24. 本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意：我丈夫应门的，我在餐厅打电话。A. ignored忽视；B. answered应（门）；接（电话）；应答；C. examined考试；D. interrupted打断。两小时后有人敲门，丈夫去应门。故选B。
25. 本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我丈夫手里拿着我的钱包，一分钱也没丢。A. missing不见的，丢失的；B. returned被送回的；C. remaining剩下的；D. abandoned被抛弃的。结合下文的陈述可知，那位女士捡到了作者的钱包，她拾金不昧，将钱包完璧归赵。由此可以推知，该处指“钱包里的钱一分也没有丢失”。故选A。
26. 本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我还没来得及到门口表示感谢，她就走了。A. still仍然；B. ever曾经；C. yet但是；已经；D. even甚至。作者甚至还没有来得及到门口感谢那位女士，她就离开了，是递进关系。故选D项。
27. 本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：在网上分享了这个故事后，我收到了一个人的来信，他说这位女士名叫艾琳·史密斯。A. selected挑选；B. appointed约定的，指定的；C. identified确认，认出，识别；D. defined下定义。在网上分享了这个故事之后，作者收到了某个人的来信，这个人识别出那位女士是Erin Smith。故选C。
28. 本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：我毫不迟疑地打电话感谢她。A. delay耽搁；B. alarm闹钟；C. regret遗憾；D. invitation邀请。找到了那位拾金不昧的女士，作者当然要“马上，毫不耽搁地”打电话去感谢对方。故选A。
29. 本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意：她说她在公车座位上发现了我的钱包。A. moved移动；B. placed放置；C. opened打开；D. spotted发现，认出。作者将钱包落在了公共汽车上，Erin是在一个座位上发现了它。该空表示“发现”，故选D。
30. 本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意：她估计去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。A. disagreed不同意；B. complained抱怨；C. calculated计算，估计；D. recommended推荐。根据文章最后一段中的“a bitterly cold night”可知，这件事发生在一个寒冷的晚上。同时，Erin又不认识作者。由此推知，该句应指：Erin估计去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。故选C。
31. 本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意：她估计去一个陌生人的家是一个冒险的举动。A. selfless无私的；不考虑自己的；B. risky危险的；冒险的；C. slow慢的；D. personal亲自的。根据下文中的转折词but可知，该句和she decided to take the chance（她决定冒险）是转折关系，那么该句应指去一个陌生人家是一个冒险的举动。故选B。
32. 本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：如果我处在那种情况下（指丢了钱包这种情形），我希望有个人努力地找到我。A. site地点；位置；场所；B. direction方向；C. situation情况，情形；D. atmosphere气氛；大气。该句叙述的是Erin当时的想法：在那种情况下。该空表示“情况，情形”，故选C。
33. 本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：这个陌生人对我的小危机很好地反应了。A. crisis危机，危难时刻；B. danger危险；C. threat威胁；D. failure失败。作者丢了钱包，对于作者来说，这是一个“危难时刻”。故选A。
34. 本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意：就在艾琳在车上捡走了我的钱包后，她把我的驾照照片发到了一个在线论坛上。A. got rid of免除，除去，摆脱；B. made use of使用，利用；C. had control of对……有控制能力；D. took possession of拥有，占有。Erin捡到了作者的钱包，在归还作者之前，钱包在Erin的手里，Erin暂时“拥有，占有”作者的钱包。故选D。
35. 本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意：她在一个网上论坛上贴了一张我的驾照照片，想看看有没有人认识我。A. if是否；B. where在哪里C. how如何；D. when什么时候。Erin把作者的驾照图片发到一个论坛里，想看看是否有人认识作者。该空表示“是否”，故选A。
36. 本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：除了闲聊，我和那两位妈妈从来没有说过话。A. recalled回忆；B. exchanged交换，互换；C. repeated重复；D. whispered窃窃私语。根据后面的转折词but可知，该句和后面一句（她们想帮忙）是转折关系，由此推知，从未和她们“交换过词语”。故选B。
37. 本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意：我读到人们比以往任何时候都更加分裂，但我遇到的人往往不是这样行动的。A. encounter遭遇，邂逅；遇到；B. follow跟随；C. consult请教；商议；D. accompany陪伴。作者曾经读到这样的说法：人们比以往更加四分五裂，即：人们不像以前那样团结，不像以前那样互相帮助了。但是，作者遇到的这些人的行为方式不是那样的。上文中提到的Erin，two moms都是作者遇到的人。故选A。
38. 本题考查语境判断之逻辑关系。句意：回首往事，我觉得有人想帮助一个陌生人是幸运的。A. Going away离开；B. Turning around掉头；C. Looking back再回首，回顾；D. Coming along进展如何。回顾发生的这件事，作者感到很幸运：有人想帮助一个陌生人。故选C。
39. 本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：艾琳几乎超越所有人都会做的事。A. into到……里面；进入；B. against反对；C. over结束；D. beyond超过，超越。根据倒数第二段中提到的“people are more divided”可以推知，一般人在捡到别人的钱包后，都不会像Erin那样亲自归还失主。因此该句表达Erin的所作所为远远超越了其他人的行为。该空表示“超过，超越”，故D。
40. 本题考查语境判断之其他线索。句意：而我对此非常感激。A. longing渴望的；B. enthusiastic热情的；C. concerned有关的；关心的；D. grateful感激的。Erin在寒冷的黑夜亲自登门归还作者的钱包，作者一定是非常感激。故选D。
41. it    42. themes    43. have been shaped    44. transformed    45. manager    46. to understand    47. terribly    48. that    49. figured    50. without
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过去十年基因学家Arney博士探索人类对物种进化过程的影响的研究。
41. 考查代词。句意：从驱动物种到农场动物，再到基因工程和克隆等新技术，阿尼发现，人们无法忽视人类对地球的影响。分析句子结构可知，此处应用it作形式宾语，指代真正的宾语不定式短语“to ignore the influence of humans on the planet”。故填it。
42. 考查名词的单复数。句意：10年前，阿尼与海伦博士闲谈她的书《改变生命：人类如何改变地球生命？迄今为止，动物物种是如何通过基因工程塑造的？》的主题。根据下文中的“Life Changing: How humans are changing life on earth? How animal species _____ (shape) through genetic engineering so far?”可知，书中有两个主题，因此应用名词的复数形式。故填themes。
43. 考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：迄今为止，动物物种是如何通过基因工程塑造的? 根据so far可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语“animal species”与动词shape之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，又因主语species是复数，谓语动词也应用复数形式。故填have been shaped。
44. 考查非谓语动词。句意：从海伦自己的基因改造狼到飞燕，他听说人类以某种方式改变了周围的动物。分析句子结构可知，逻辑主语wolves与动词transform之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作定语修饰wolves。故填transformed。
45. 考查名词。句意：亚历克斯博士，皇家动物学会（Royal Zoological Society）的经理，讨论了如何利用遗传学来理解物种的变化方式。此处应用名词作同位语，表明Alex博士的身份，即他是皇家动物保护协会的经理，表示独一无二的地位，职位的名词作表语不加冠词。故填manager。
46. 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。此处表示皇家动物保护协会的经理Alex博士讨论如何利用遗传学来理解物种的改变方式。因此应用动词不定式表目的。故填to understand。
47. 考查副词。句意：阿尼参与了亚历克斯阻止残忍的动物购买和狩猎的项目。此处应用副词修饰形容词cruel表示程度。故填terribly。
48. 考查强调句。句意：正是在比尔的实验室里，他进行了克隆过程，创造了多利羊，这是20世纪90年代第一只用成年细胞克隆出来的哺乳动物。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个强调句，且“in Bill’s lab”是地点，应用that进行强调。故填that。
49. 考查动词的时态和语态。句意：在实验室里，阿尼解决了一些困扰他很久的难题。根据语境可知，此处应用一般过去时，且主语Arney和谓语figure是主动关系。故填figured。
50. 考查介词。句意：Arney把他研究事业的成功归功于他一直追求的梦想和众多杰出的先驱者，没有他们的话，他就不可能得到那些令人惊奇的发现。此处应用介词without表示“没有”；且分析句子结构可知，此处without whom引导非限制性定语从句。故填without。
51.
1. getting→got   
2. 删除congratulate后的to   
3. learn→learning  
4. what→whatever   
5. out→off   
6. is→are   
7. constantly→constant   
8. you→us   
9. great前加a   
10. wish→wishes
这是一篇应用文。作者写信祝贺朋友参加了普通话演讲比赛并获得一等奖。
1. 考查时态。句意：得知你参加了普通话演讲比赛并获得一等奖，我写信祝贺你！分析句子结构，连词and前后并列两个谓语动词，结合提示词took，时态为一般过去时，所以要将getting改为谓语动词got。故getting改为got。
2. 考查及物动词。句意：得知你参加了普通话演讲比赛并获得一等奖，我写信祝贺你！congratulate 是及物动词，其后直接加宾语，“祝贺某人”为congratulate sb，所以要将to删除。故删除to。
3. 考查固定短语。句意：我一直记得你致力于学习普通话。此处考查devote to doing sth，表示“致力于做某事”，故learn改为learning。
4. 考查状语从句。句意：无论发生什么事，你都从未放弃。此处考查让步状语从句，所以要将what改为whatever，表示“无论什么”。故what改为whatever。
5. 考查固定短语。句意：最终取得了回报。由句意可知，此处表示“取得成功，得到回报”，用固定短语pay off。故out改为off。
6. 考查主谓一致。句意：你的努力，尤其是你的决心，真是令人钦佩。分析句子结构，该句子的主语是Your efforts，复数，故is改为are。
7. 考查形容词。句意：我从你身上学到，即使面临许多困难，我们也应该不断努力实现目标。分析句子结构，此处constantly后是名词efforts ，所以要将副词constantly改为形容词constant，作定语修饰名词。故constantly改为constant。
8. 考查代词。句意：我从你那里学到，即使面临许多困难，我们也应该不断努力实现目标。由句意和提示词“we”可知，此处表示即使“我们”面临很多困难，所以要将you改为us。故you改为us。
9. 考查冠词。句意：我为你感到骄傲，能有一个像你这样的朋友我感到非常荣幸。此处honor是可数名词单数，所以其前要加不定冠词，表泛指，great发音时以辅音音素开头，故great前加冠词a。
10. 考查名词的数。句意：再次祝贺你，并向你致以最美好的祝愿！固定表达best wishes to you，向你致以美好的祝愿。故wish改为wishes。
My dear classmates,
There are many cultural heritages in China.I am extremely willing to introduce the Imperial Palace, which enjoys a high reputation in the world. The magnificent and well-preserved arthitectual complex, also known as the Forbidden City, represents the highest architectural level in ancient China.With a history of about 600 years, it lies in the center of Beijing, witnessing dramatic changes of this city.Nowadays, it has become a must-see scenic spot that attracts an enormous number of visitors every year.If we have a chance to visit the Imperial Palace one day, please keep in mind that under no circumstances should we leave any marks on the cultural relics.
本篇书面表达属于发言稿。要求考生写一篇发言稿，向全班同学介绍一处中国文化遗产。
1. 词汇积累
名声：reputation→fame
壮丽的：magnificent→grand
作为……而出名：be known as→be famous as
机会：chance→opportunity
2. 句式拓展
原句：The magnificent and well-preserved arthitectual complex, also known as the Forbidden City, represents the highest architectural level in ancient China.
拓展句：The magnificent and well-preserved arthitectual complex, which is also known as the Forbidden City, represents the highest architectural level in ancient China.
高分句型1：I am extremely willing to introduce the Imperial Palace, which enjoys a high reputation in the world.（运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
高分句型2：If we have a chance to visit the Imperial Palace one day, please keep in mind that under no circumstances should we leave any marks on the cultural relics.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句，that引导的宾语从句和倒装句型）