江苏省盐城中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题含解析

这是一份江苏省盐城中学2022-2023学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题含解析，共28页。试卷主要包含了 15， B等内容，欢迎下载使用。

 江苏省盐城中学高三年级期末考试
英语试卷
(考试时间120分钟，总分150分)
注意事项：
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号、座位号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19. 15. B. £9. 18. C. £9. 15.
答案是 C。
1. Which language can Robert speak well?
A. Russian. B. German. C. French.
2. What are the speakers probably talking about?
A. A tour. B. A movie. C. A friend.
3. What is the time now?
A. About 10: 05. B. About 10: 10. C. About 10: 15.
4. Where is the woman?
A. On a flight. B. In China. C. At home.
5. What does the man own?
A. The flat. B. The car. C. The furniture.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What does the woman say about buying the car?
A. She doesn’t like the car.
B. The price is not reasonable.
C. She doesn’t have enough money.
7. Why does the man want to talk with the manager?
A. To get the price down another $500.
B. To get the price down another $1, 000.
C. To get the price down another $2, 000.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What will the speakers probably do in the morning?
A. Eat in the restaurant. B. Go to the local beach. C. Go to the amusement park.
9. Where is the Natural History Museum?
A. Near the beach. B. Next to the restaurant. C. By the amusement park.
10. What does the woman think of watching the sun go down?
A. It’s relaxing. B. It’s wonderful. C. It’s impossible.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Who is the man?
A. The interviewer. B. The manager. C. The shop owner.
12. What does the man say about the job?
A. It is interesting. B. It is well paid. C. It is poorly paid.
13. What do we know about the woman getting the job?
A. She will not get the job. B. She has already got the job. C. She will probably get the job.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. When does the girl think about seeing a movie?
A. On Wednesday morning. B. On Wednesday evening. C. On Wednesday after school.
15. Why doesn’t the man let the girl go to a movie Friday night?
A. The girl has piano lessons. B. The girl has to babysit. C. The show time is too late.
16. Which movie showing can the girl see?
A. The five o’clock showing. B. The seven o’clock showing. C. The nine o’clock showing.
17. When does the conversation probably take place?
A. On Monday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. When do swallows return?
A. At the end of March. B. At the beginning of summer. C. On the same date of the year.
19. Where are swallows in December?
A. In Argentina. B. In San Diego. C. In San Juan Capistrano.
20. Why are people happy when robins return?
A. They can watch birds again.
B. They know spring is coming.
C. They know there will be snow soon.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
The following chart is provided by Elizabeth Weise from《America Today》. It shows the growth of the immersive schools in America.
Immersive (沉浸式) Schools in America
In recent years, there have been quite a few Chinese immersive schools in America.
Full Immersion: Pre-k children aged 2 to 4 are fully immersed in Chinese all day — 5 days per week.
Part Immersion: Children (in kindergarten through Grade 5 in primary schools, from Grade 6 to Grade 8 in middle schools) learn all subjects in both Chinese and English.
Based on The Daily Advertiser’s report, foreign children at the age of about 5 are having Chinese lessons like this:

Zhaoting Xia, a 29-year-old teacher, holds paper copies of Chinese currency and invites kids up one at a time to use the “money” to purchase something from her pretend fruit stand.
One of the students, a 5-year-old boy, picks out his money and greets Xia with “ni hao”, starting the conversation as he has been taught. Then he works in some vocabulary words to ask for a plastic ear of corn. Xia tells him the price, and he counts the money in his hand before making the exchange. They finish with “xiexie” or “thank you”.
In this one exercise, they’ve practiced a lot in such a “real situation”. And all of this takes place in Chinese.
1. What can we learn about the immersive schools in America based on the chart?
A. Children in them are aged 2 to 4.
B. They accept only Chinese children in America.
C. All the teachers in the immersive schools come from China.
D. The immersive schools have greatly increased in America since 2007.
2. Which of the following can children practice in this one exercise mentioned in the text?
A. Vocabulary, sentence structure, math and culture.
B. Knowing about “Chinese money — renminbi”.
C. Counting the number from 1-10 in Chinese.
D. Greeting by saying “Hello!” to each other.
3. What might Elizabeth Weise be?
A. A teacher. B. A headmaster.
C. A reporter. D. A director.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文介绍了美国“沉浸式中文学校”的发展趋势和相关情况。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“It shows the growth of the immersive schools in America.(它显示了沉浸式学校在美国的发展)” 和图表提供的曲线图和数据2007-2021年间“沉浸式中文学校”的数目可知，自2007年以来，“沉浸式中文学校”在美国大幅增加。故选D。
【2题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“One of the students, a 5-year-old boy, picks out his money and greets Xia with ‘ni hao’, starting the conversation as he has been taught. Then he works in some vocabulary words to ask for a plastic ear of corn. Xia tells him the price, and he counts the money in his hand before making the exchange. They finish with ‘xiexie’ or ‘thank you’. (其中一名5岁的男孩拿出他的钱，用“你好”和夏斌打招呼，开始了对话训练。然后他练习一些词汇来询问一个塑料玉米穗。夏告诉了他价格，他在交易前数了数手里的钱。最后他们以“谢谢”或“thank you”结束。) ”和最后一段“In this one exercise, they’ve practiced a lot in such a ‘real situation’. And all of this takes place in Chinese.(在这一次练习中，他们在这样的“真实情境”中进行了大量的练习。而且这一切都是用中文进行的)”可推知，在这个练习中，孩子们会练习词汇、句子结构、数学和文化。故选A。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The following chart is provided by Elizabeth Weise from《America Today》(以下图表由《今日美国》的伊丽莎白·魏斯提供)”可推知，Elizabeth Weis可能是《America Today》(《今日美国》)报刊的记者。故选C。
B
Close to a century ago, New York’s Coney Island was famed for its sideshows (杂耍). Eye-catching signs crowded the island’s attractions, showing off circus shows, sword swallowers—and even an exhibition of tiny babies.
The babies were premature ones kept alive in incubators (婴儿保育箱) pioneered by Dr. Martin Couney. The medical establishment had rejected his incubators, but Dr. Couney didn’t give up on his aims. Starting in 1896, he funded his work by displaying the babies and charging 25 cents to see the show. In return, parents didn’t have to pay for Dr. Couney’s incubators, and many children survived who would never have had a chance otherwise.
Born in 12, Lucille Horn ended up in an incubator on Coney Island. She’d been born a twin, but her twin died at birth. And the hospital staff told her father that there wasn’t a chance she’d live. “It was just: You die because you didn’t belong in the world,” Horn says. But her father refused to accept that answer. He grabbed a blanket to wrap her in, called a taxi, and took her to Coney Island—and to Dr. Couney’s infant (婴幼儿) exhibit.
Years later, Horn decided to return to see the babies—this time as a visitor. When she took the opportunity to introduce herself, Dr. Couney went over to a man who was uneasily looking at his small infant. “Look at this young lady,” Dr. Couney told the man. “She’s one of our babies. And that’s how your baby’s gonna grow up.”
Horn was just one of thousands of premature infants that Dr. Couney cared for and displayed at amusement parks until the 194s. He died in 1950, shortly after incubators like his were introduced in most hospitals. At the time, Dr. Couney’s efforts were largely unknown—but at least one person will never forget him. “Ninety-six years later, here I am, all in one piece. And I’m thankful to be here,” Horn says.
4. What can we learn about Dr. Couney’s incubator?
A. It pushed medical science forward. B. It was the most famous sideshow.
C. It saved many premature babies. D. It charged each infant 25 cents.
5. Why was Horn taken to Dr. Couney’s infant exhibit?
A. She belonged in nowhere else but Coney Island.
B. It was the only place where she might survive.
C. The hospital staff lacked the patience to care for her.
D. Her father refused to accept the death of her twin sister.
6. What is the purpose of Dr. Couney’s words in Paragraph 4?
A. To relieve the man’s anxiety. B. To introduce the lady to the man.
C. To promise the baby’s bright future. D. To explain the function of the incubator.
7. What should we learn from Dr. Couney’s story?
A. Medical knowledge. B. Earning power.
C. Persuasive techniques. D. Flexible mind.
【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. D
【解析】
【导语】本文为记叙文。讲述了19世纪90年代Dr. Couney在科尼岛的游乐场里展出保育箱，游客花25美分可以观看保育箱中展示的早产婴儿，Dr. Couney以这种方式拯救了许多早产儿的生命，Lucille Horn就是其中一个。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The babies were premature ones kept alive in incubators(婴儿保育箱)pioneered by Dr. Martin Couney.”（这些婴儿都是早产儿，在Martin Couney首创的婴儿保育箱中存活。）和“many children survived who never would have had a chance otherwise”（许多孩子活了下来，否则他们永远不会有机会）可知，Dr. Martin Couney的婴儿保育箱使许多早产儿得以存活。故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Born in 12, Lucille Horn ended up in an incubator on Coney Island. ”（Lucille Horn出生于12年，在科尼岛的一个婴儿保育箱中长大。）可知，Horn最终在保育箱中存活下来；由第三段“And the hospital staff told her father that there wasn’t a chance she’d live”（医院的工作人员告诉她父亲，她已经没有活下去的机会了。）和“But her father refused to accept that answer. He grabbed a blanket to wrap her in, called a taxi, and took her to Coney Island—and to Dr. Couney’s infant exhibit.”（但是她的父亲拒绝接受这个回答，他拿了一条毯子把她裹起来，叫了一辆出租车，带她去了科尼岛，以及Dr. Couney的婴儿展览。）可知，Horn的父亲不接受医院的说法，所以带她去科尼岛Dr. Couney的婴幼儿展览 ，可以推测这也是Horn在当时情况下可能活下去的唯一希望了。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“a man who was uneasily looking at his small infant.”（一个男人不安地看着他的小婴儿。）和Dr. Couney的话语“She’s one of our babies. And that’s how your baby’s gonna grow up.”（她是我们的孩子。你的孩子就会这样长大。）可知，Dr. Couney用成活的早产儿Horn作例子来安慰这位焦虑的父亲，缓解他不安的情绪。故选A。
7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“The medical establishment had rejected his incubators, but Dr. Couney didn’t give up on his aims. Starting in 1896, he funded his work by displaying the babies and charging 25 cents to see the show.”（医疗机构拒绝了他的保育箱，但Couney没有放弃自己的目标。从1896年开始，他通过展示婴儿和收取25美分的费用来资助他的工作。）可知，Dr. Couney在被医疗机构拒绝的情况下没有放弃，而是灵活改变方法，以实现自己的目标；同时，由第三段“But her father refused to accept that answer. He grabbed a blanket to wrap her in, called a taxi, and took her to Coney Island—and to Dr. Couney’s infant exhibit.”（但是她的父亲拒绝接受这个回答，他拿了一条毯子把她裹起来，叫了一辆出租车，带她去了科尼岛，以及Dr. Couney的婴儿展览。）可知，孩子的父亲在医院给出孩子无法存活的回答后，没有放弃，而是选择去Couney的婴幼儿展览，最终让孩子得以存活长大。这都说明了做事情要有灵活的思维，多想办法，以实现自己的目标。故选D。
C
When you’re going through a period of anxiety or depression it can be difficult to make decisions, whether those are significant life changes or everyday choices. Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty-which doesn’t help when you need to make a decision, big or small.
Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention(干预)there may be ways to help those with anxiety or depression make better decisions in the moment.
Participants were aged between 18 and 55; some had symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder or major depressive disorder, while others had no history of mental illness at all.
In the study, after filling in measures related to anxiety, depression, and worry, participants took part in a video game. In each round, they were asked to choose between two shapes: picking onne shape resulted in a reward, while the other delivered an electric shock.
The task took place in two blocks-one stable, in which one shape was associated with a reward 75% of the time and the other 25% of the time, and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their responses as the probabilities change.
Those participants with symptoms of anxiety or depression were slower to adjust their responses to the changes in probabilities. This suggests that mood disorders are associated with difficulty making decisions in changing circumstances.
Senior author Sonia Bishop argues that those participants who adapted quickly did so because of their emotional resilience(适应力). ＂Emotionally resilient people tend to focus on what gave them a good outcome, and in many real-world situations that might be key to learning to make good decisions, ”she says.
Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky.
8. According to the text, which of the following affects decision-making?
A. Feeling uncomfortable with someone.
B. Feeling unsure of what will happen.
C. Wondering who will make a decision.
D. Wondering how to help make a decision.
9. What was the purpose of the unstable block?
A. To create a fast-changing situation.
B. To train participants to respond to changes.
C. To make the video game more challenging.
D. To help those with anxiety make decisions.
10. Why does Sonia Bishop suggest focusing on past successes?
A. To improve decision-making.
B. To remember the achievements.
C. To adapt quickly to a new situation.
D. To avoid making difficult decisions.
11. What advice can be given according to the study?
A. Try to think quickly when making decisions.
B. Don’t expect too much when making decisions.
C. Don’t focus on one single thing when making decisions.
D. Reduce your anxiety or depression when making decisions.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. A 11. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了当人们经历焦虑或抑郁时期时很难做出决定。一项新的研究发现，只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人做出更好的决定。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。文章第一段讲到“Those with generalized anxiety disorder or mood disorders often report feeling uncomfortable with or being troubled by feelings of uncertainty-which doesn’t help when you need to make a decision, big or small. (患有广泛性焦虑症或情绪障碍的人经常报告说，他们对不确定感感到不舒服或感到困扰，而这种不确定感在你需要做出重大或小决定时都没有帮助。)”可知根据文章，影响决策的一项是不确定会发生什么，故选B。
【9题详解】
推理判断题。文章第五段讲到“and the other unstable, in which the shape with a higher probability of resulting in reward switched every twenty trials. In the unstable block, therefore, the participants had to keep adjusting their responses as the probabilities change. (另一个是不稳定的，在另一个阶段中，每20次试验中，获得奖励的概率较高的形状就会发生变化。因此，在不稳定的区块中，参与者必须随着概率的变化不断调整自己的反应。)”可知不稳定区块的目的是创造快速变化的局面，故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。文章最后一段讲到“Sonia Bishop suggests that encouraging people to focus on past successes rather than failures could be a useful behavioral intervention, making those difficult decisions a bit less tricky. (Sonia Bishop建议，鼓励人们专注于过去的成功而不是失败，这可能是一种有用的行为干预，让那些艰难的决定变得不那么棘手)”可知Sonia Bishop建议关注过去的成功的原因是为了改善决策。故选A。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“Now in a new study, researchers find that people with higher levels of anxiety and depression are less able to adapt to fast-changing situations. But with the right intervention(干预)there may be ways to help those with anxiety or depression make better decisions in the moment. (现在，在一项新的研究中，研究人员发现，焦虑和抑郁程度较高的人更难适应快速变化的环境。但只要有正确的干预也许有办法帮助那些焦虑或抑郁的人在当下做出更好的决定。)”可知这项研究可以给出的建议是在做决定时减少焦虑或抑郁，故选D。
D
Building good transportation is a good idea. To have environmental value, new transportation has to sufficiently replace or eliminate driving to cut energy consumption overall. That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use. Traffic lanes should be eliminated or converted into bike or bus lanes. Ideally, these should be combined with higher fuel taxes, and parking fees. Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood. But they’re necessary, because you can’t make people drive less, in the long run, by taking steps that make driving more pleasant, economical, and productive.
Lengthy commuting (通勤) time is a forceful factor which can slow the growth of suburbs. The farther people live away from cities, the longer commuting time they need, which means more pollution their cars produce. If, in a misguided effort to do something of environmental value, governments take steps that make long-distance car commuting faster or more convenient—by adding lanes, building bypass, employing traffic-control measures that make it possible for existing roads to accommodate more cars with fewer delays—we are actually encouraging people to live still farther from their jobs, stores, and schools. As a result, governments are forced to further extend road networks, water lines, and other facilities. If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change.
Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving. Widening roads makes traffic move faster in the short term, but the improved conditions eventually attract additional drivers, and congestion reappears. With more car on the roads, people think about widening roads again. Moving drivers out of cars and into other forms of transportation can have the same effect, if existing traffic lanes are kept in service: road space stimulates road use.
One of the arguments that cities inevitably make in promoting transportation plans is that the new system, by relieving automobile congestion, will improve the lives of those who continue to drive. No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.
12. In the first paragraph, the author gives us the hint that his recommendations are ______.
A. not widely supported B. costly to carry out
C. generally recognized D. temporarily beneficial
13. According to the passage, what will happen if commuting time for drivers is reduced?
A. Drivers will become more productive employees.
B. Mass transportation will be extended farther into suburban areas.
C. Drivers will be more willing to live farther from their working place.
D. Mass transportation will carry fewer passengers and receive less government funding.
14 Which of the following can be inferred about the author’s attitude towards the measures to improve traffic?
A. They are environmentally beneficial and should be carried out immediately.
B. They are well intentioned but ultimately lead to environmental harm.
C. They will definitely arouse people’s awareness of environmental protection.
D. They will only work if they can make driving more economical and productive.
15. The author wrote this massage mainly to ______.
A. support the claim that efforts to reduce traffic actually increase traffic.
B. oppose the belief that improving mass transportation systems is good for the environment.
C. provide a balance between suburban expansion and traffic congestion.
D. indicate that making driving less agreeable is a way to reduce negative effects of traffic.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者提出了为缓解交通对环境造成的破坏，需要减少汽车使用，把汽车出行变得不方便。这一观点并不为大众所接受。他通过指出减少通勤时间的好处和现行的一些缓解措施的不足分析支持自己的观点。
12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段第五句“Needless to say, I have to struggle to make myself extensively understood.(更不用说，我必须努力让自己被广泛地理解)”可知，作者的想法目前并没有被广泛接受，即没有被大众广泛支持。故选A项。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“If you cut commuting time by 10 percent, people who now drive fifty miles each way to work can find reason to move five miles farther out, because their travel time won’t change.(如果你将通勤时间减少10%，那么现在每天单程开车50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因为他们的行程时间不会改变)”可知，如果通勤时间减少，人们会愿意住得离上班的地方更远些。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段第一二句“Traffic congestion (拥堵) isn’t an environmental problem; traffic is. Relieving congestion without doing anything to reduce the total volume of cars can only make the real problem worse. Highway engineers have known for a long time that building new car lanes only temporarily reduces congestion, because the new lanes add additional driving.（交通拥堵不是环境问题；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施减少汽车总量来缓解拥堵只会使真正的问题变得更糟。公路工程师们早就知道，修建新的车道只是暂时减少拥堵，因为新车道增加了额外的驾驶。）”可知，作者认为现有的比如增加车道目的在不缓解拥堵，但实际上增加了驾驶，从长远看反而对环境有害。故可推测出作者认为这些措施是出自好心，但对环境有害。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段第三句“That means that a new traffic system has to be supported by reduction in car use.(这意味着新的交通系统必须通过减少汽车使用来支持)”和最后一句“No one ever promotes a transportation system by arguing that it would make travelling less convenient—even though, from an environmental perspective, inconvenient travel is a worthy goal.(从来没有人通过争论某个交通系统会使旅行变得不那么方便来推广这个交通系统，尽管从环境角度来看，不方便的旅行是一个值得追求的目标)”可知，在作者眼里，为了缓解环境压力，把开车出行变得不那么方便，不那么让人开心是一个好方法在，这也是他在本文中推崇的。故选D项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Steps to Take to Become a Morning Person
Seek out as much natural light as possible.
The secret to becoming a morning person is exposure to bright light, says Jennifer Martin, president of the board of directors for the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. That’s because light suppresses melatonin, a hormone that plays an important role in circadian rhythm. ____16____
Ease in gradually.
____17____ You could force yourself to get up at your desired time every day, knowing that you’ll feel tired during the transition but will naturally start falling asleep earlier within a few weeks. But for some people — like those who need to drive long distances — those first few days of exhaustion from switching to a new schedule aren’t safe. In that case, Martin recommends gradually easing into the early-bird life. “What I’ll suggest to people is to shift half an hour, wait a few days, shift another half an hour, wait a few days, and then shift another half an hour,” she says.
____18____
A consistent bedtime isn’t as crucial as sticking to the same wake up time every day, but it’s still important to make sure you’re getting enough sleep. Most people should aim for at least seven hours a night — so you’ll probably need to inch your bedtime forward as you transition to a new schedule. Starting at least an hour before you hit the sack, cut back on how much exposure to bright light you’re getting, experts advise. ____19____
Plan something to look forward to.
____20____ “Now is the time to go buy your favorite coffee or pick up some pastries to have when your alarm goes off at 5 a. m.,” she says. “You’re not dreading it if you think of that.”
A. Reschedule your bedtime.
B. Wind down in the evenings.
C. The sun is the driver of our internal clock.
D. There are two ways to approach your journey to early rising.
E. To tempt you out of bed, Martin suggests treating yourself to something special.
F. Being exposed to artificial light in the late evening could interfere with your ability to fall asleep.
G. They also recommend rethinking the curtains you might use to foster a very dark sleeping environment.
【答案】16. C 17. D 18. B 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些有助于早起的建议。
【16题详解】
根据上文“The secret to becoming a morning person is exposure to bright light, says Jennifer Martin, president of the board of directors for the American Academy of Sleep Medicine. That’s because light suppresses melatonin, a hormone that plays an important role in circadian rhythm.(美国睡眠医学学会董事会主席詹妮弗·马丁说，早起的秘诀就是多晒太阳。这是因为光线会抑制褪黑激素，而褪黑激素在昼夜节律中起着重要作用)”可知，上文提到了光线会抑制褪黑激素，说明多晒太阳可以调节体内的生物钟。故C选项“太阳是我们体内时钟的驱动者”符合语境，故选C。
【17题详解】
根据后文“You could force yourself to get up at your desired time every day, knowing that you’ll feel tired during the transition but will naturally start falling asleep earlier within a few weeks. But for some people—like those who need to drive long distances—those first few days of exhaustion from switching to a new schedule aren’t safe. In that case, Martin recommends gradually easing into the early-bird life. “What I’ll suggest to people is to shift half an hour, wait a few days, shift another half an hour, wait a few days, and then shift another half an hour,” she says.(你可以强迫自己每天在你想要时间起床，知道在过渡期间你会感到疲劳，但在几周内就会自然地开始早睡。但对于一些人来说，比如那些需要长途驾驶的人，转换到新时间表后最初几天的疲惫是不安全的。在这种情况下，马丁建议逐渐进入早起鸟的生活。她说：“我建议人们换半小时，等几天，再换半小时，等几天，然后再换半小时。”)”可知，本段主要说明了开启早起的具体方法，故D选项“有两种方法来开启你的早起之旅”符合语境，故选D。
【18题详解】
根据本段内容“A consistent bedtime isn’t as crucial as sticking to the same wake up time every day, but it’s still important to make sure you’re getting enough sleep. Most people should aim for at least seven hours a night—so you’ll probably need to inch your bedtime forward as you transition to a new schedule. Starting at least an hour before you hit the sack, cut back on how much exposure to bright light you’re getting, experts advise.(固定的就寝时间并不像每天起床时间一样重要，但确保睡眠充足仍然很重要。大多数人每晚至少应该睡7个小时，所以当你过渡到新的作息时间时，你可能需要一点点地提前就寝时间。专家建议，至少在睡觉前一小时开始，减少你接触强光的时间)”可知，本段主要说明了确保晚上的睡眠充足，空处为本段小标题，应体现晚上放松来确保睡眠质量的观点。故B选项“晚上放松一下”符合语境，故选B。
【19题详解】
根据上文“Starting at least an hour before you hit the sack, cut back on how much exposure to bright light you’re getting, experts advise.(专家建议，至少在睡觉前一小时开始，减少你接触强光的时间)”可知，上文提到建议睡前减少接触强光的时间，本句为本段最后一句，说明这么做的原因：在深夜暴露在人造光下会影响你入睡。故F选项“在深夜暴露在人造光下会影响你入睡”符合语境，故选F。
【20题详解】
根据后文““Now is the time to go buy your favorite coffee or pick up some pastries to have when your alarm goes off at 5 a. m.,” she says. “You’re not dreading it if you think of that.”(她说：“现在是时候去买你最喜欢的咖啡或买一些糕点，在早上5点闹钟响的时候吃。如果你想到这一点，你就不会害怕了。”)”可知，后文提到通过在早上吃喜欢吃的食物，来摆脱起床的恐惧，故E选项“为了吸引你起床，马丁建议给自己一些特别的东西”符合语境，故选E。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
One of my neighbors used to have a beautiful tree in her front yard. Her dad had planted it for her when it was ____21____ a little branch and several years later it started to ____22____ towards the sky at an amazing speed. Soon it ____23____ her with cooling shade in the summer and glorious, golden leaves in the fall.
When the two-day snowstorm struck our town, heavy snow fell on the tree’s branches that were still full of leaves. The weight split that lovely tree down the middle. I was so ____24____ seeing half of it lying on the ground after the storm. When I talked to my neighbor later, she said that the damage had been too much and that the entire tree would have to be cut down. ____25____, she had saved a few seedlings from it that she hoped to replant in the future.
Still, it was a(n) ____26____ to drive by her house the other day and see nothing but a stump(树桩) in her front yard. I missed that tree. I missed its branches, its leaves ____27____ in the afternoon sun. I missed seeing its limbs reach towards the heavens. I thought that the stump would be a sad reminder of its ____28____ for a long time to come.
My wonderful neighbor had another plan, ____29____. When I drove by her home today I saw a tiny bird feeder sitting on that stump and a colorful songbird having its dinner. It was such an affirmation(肯定) of ____30____ . It was such a joy to ____31____.
Life by its very nature is a ____32____ bag. It hands us both beauty and ____33____, love and loss, pleasure and pain. What we do with it, however, is up to us. We can let it split us in two, or we can use even its ____34____ times to make our souls stronger and our hearts more loving. We can spend it complaining or we can ____35____ it to help others.
21. A. none other than B. nothing more than C. nowhere near D. anything but
22. A. circulate B. tower C. shoot D. stand
23. A. equipped B. decorated C. blessed D. honoured
24. A. relieved B. grieved C. astonished D. fascinated
25. A. Originally B. Doubtfully C. Thankfully D. Critically
26. A. amazement B. shock C. annoyance D. delight
27. A. falling B. shaking C. floating D. shining
28. A. glory B. loss C. birth D. company
29. A. though B. therefore C. still D. otherwise
30. A. nature B. hope C. life D. value
31. A. see B. solve C. approach D. realize
32. A. mixed B. changeable C. separated D. stable
33. A. faith B. tragedy C. wealth D. wonder
34. A. happiest B. hardest C. greatest D. easiest
35. A. employ B. highlight C. accumulate D. cherish
【答案】21. B 22. C 23. C 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. B 29. A 30. C 31. A 32. A 33. B 34. B 35. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。作者很喜欢邻居家的一棵树，但是这棵树不幸在一场暴雪中被严重损害，邻居不得已只有把它砍掉，为此作者感到惋惜和怀念。可当邻居在树桩上安装喂鸟器引来鸟儿时，作者看到了生命的迹象。因此他恍然大悟，原来生命是一个混合体，给我们带来不同的体验。面对生命不好的一面时，我们可以选择被击败，也可以选择变得更强大。
【21题详解】
考查固定短语辨析。句意：当它还只是一根小树枝的时候，爸爸就为她种下了它，几年后，它开始以惊人的速度冲向天空。A. none other than不是别人（他物）而正是；B. nothing more than只不过，仅仅；C. nowhere near远不及；D. anything but决不。根据空后的“a little branch”可知，此处指“当它还只是一根小树枝时”，故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. circulate循环；B. tower高出；C. shoot（使朝某方向）冲，奔；D. stand站立。根据空前的“several years later”以及空后“towards the sky at an amazing speed”可知，几年后，这棵树开始以惊人的速度向上生长。故选C。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，它就为她带来了夏天凉爽的树荫和秋天灿烂的金色树叶。A. equipped装备，配备；B. decorated装饰；C. blessed祝福；D. honoured尊敬。根据空后“with cooling shade in the summer and glorious, golden leaves in the fall”可知，此处指这棵树为她带来了夏天凉爽的树荫和秋天灿烂的金色树叶，bless sb with sth以某物施惠于某人，使某人有幸得到某物，符合语境，故选C。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨过后，看到它的一半躺在地上，我很伤心。A. relieved宽慰的；B. grieved伤心的；C. astonished震惊的；D. fascinated入迷的。根据空后“seeing half of it lying on the ground after the storm”可知，看到这个情景，作者应是感到伤心，故选B。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸好她从中挽救了几棵幼苗，希望将来能重新种植。A. Originally起初，原来；B. Doubtfully怀疑地；C. Thankfully感激地；D. Critically批判性地。根据上文“the entire tree would have to be cut down(整棵树都得砍倒)”及空后“she had saved a few seedlings from it(她从中救了几棵幼苗)”可知，作者对这棵树被毁感到很惋惜，故此处用“幸亏”可以表达作者听说邻居留有幼苗时的心情，故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不过，前几天开车经过她家时，看到前院除了一个树桩什么都没有，还是让人震惊。A. amazement惊奇；B. shock震惊；C. annoyance烦恼；D. delight高兴。根据空后“see nothing but a stump(树桩) in her front yard”及下文作者提到想念那棵树可知，作者看到邻居的前院只有一个树桩时感到震惊，故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想念它的树枝，和在午后的阳光下闪闪发光的叶子。A. falling降落，落下； B. shaking颤抖，抖动；C. floating漂浮；D. shining发光，照耀。根据上文“I missed that tree. I missed its branches(我想念那棵树。我想念它的树枝)”及空后“in the afternoon sun”可知，作者想念这棵树，所以此处应该描写树的美好，用“午后阳光下闪闪发光的叶子”可表达此意，故选D。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我想在未来的很长一段时间里树桩都将是一个悲伤的提醒，提醒它的消失。A. glory光荣，荣誉；B. loss失去，丧失；C. birth出生；D. company陪伴。根据上文“see nothing but a stump(树桩) in her front yard”可知，只剩下一个树桩，故此处指树桩提醒着作者那棵树消失了，故选B。
【29题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不过，我的好邻居另有打算。A. though不过，可是；B. therefore因此；C. still依旧，仍然； D. otherwise否则。结合上下文可知，作者对只剩下树桩感到震惊和惋惜，但邻居却利用树桩安装了喂鸟装置，所以上下文是转折关系。故选A。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是对生命的肯定。A. nature自然；B. hope希望；C. life生命；D. value价值。根据下文“Life by its very nature is a ____12____ bag.”可知，此处是作者对生命的感悟，故选C。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到它真是太高兴了。A. see看见；B. solve解决；C. approach接近；D. realize意识到，实现。此处是指作者看到树桩上又有了生命感到高兴，且上文“I saw a tiny bird feeder sitting on that stump(我看到树桩上有个小小的喂鸟器)”也有暗示，故选A。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生命本身就是一个混合的袋子。A. mixed混合的；B. changeable可改变的；C. separated分开的；D. stable稳定的。根据下文中“It hands us both beauty and ____13____, love and loss, pleasure and pain.”可知，我们的生命中既有美好也有悲剧，既有爱也有失去，故此处用“混合的”符合语境，故选A。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它赋予我们美好与悲剧，爱与失去，快乐与痛苦。A. faith信念；B. tragedy悲剧；C. wealth财富；D. wonder奇迹。此处和“beauty”形成对比，tragedy符合语境，指“美好与悲剧”，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们可以让它把我们一分为二，或者我们可以利用它最艰难的时刻让我们的灵魂更强大，我们的心更有爱心。A. happiest最高兴的；B. hardest最艰难的；C. greatest最伟大的；D. easiest最容易的。根据空后“to make our souls stronger and our hearts more loving”可知，应是最艰难的时刻才会让灵魂变得更强大，故选B。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们可以用它来抱怨，也可以用它来帮助别人。A. employ雇用，使用，利用；B. highlight强调；C. accumulate积累；D. cherish珍惜。结合空后“to help others”可知，此处指用生命来帮助别人，故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
If you stop a random person on the street in China, there’s a pretty good chance their surname ______36______ (be) either Wang, Li, Zhang, Liu or Chen. That’s ______37______ those are the five most common surnames in China — shared by 30% of the population. And the vast majority of the population share just 100 of those surnames. ______38______ (put) that in perspective, the United States reported 6. 3 million surnames in its 2010 census.
There are a few reasons for this: China is less ______39______ (racial) diverse than countries such as the US, where a wealth of minority groups increase surname diversity. It also has to do ______40______ language; you can’t just add a random stroke to a Chinese character and create a new surname.
But there’s also another factor at play: technology. With China ______41______ (roar) into the digital age, nearly everything has moved online—from making appointments to buying train tickets. The main problem is that not all Chinese characters ______42______ (code) into computer systems. That meant ______43______ world of trouble if you happened to have a rare character in your name. As of 2017, up to 60 million Chinese citizens faced this predicament, according to Xinhua.
People with rare characters in their names, ______44______aren’t compatible with existing computer systems, can get left behind — pushing many to change their names for the sake of ______45______(convenient), even if it means abandoning centuries of heritage and language.
To try to address this, experts have increased the database from 32, 000 characters to 70, 000 characters, according to the government. They’re still working to expand it to include more than 90, 000 characters, said Chen Jiawei, an associate professor at Beijing Normal University.
【答案】36. would be##will be
37. because
38. To put 39. racially
40. with 41. roaring
42. have been coded
43. a 44. which
45. convenience
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了十几亿中国人却共用100个姓氏的原因。
【36题详解】
考查时态。句意：如果你在中国的大街上随便拦下一个人，很有可能他姓王、姓李、姓张、姓刘或姓陈。结合“there’s a pretty good chance(很有可能)”可知，此处可用would be，表示推测；if引导的条件状语从句用的是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时，故此处也可填will be。故填would/will be。
【37题详解】
考查表语从句。句意：这是因为这是中国最常见的五个姓氏，30%的人都是这五个姓氏。结合句意可知，本句是与上文是因果关系，此处是解释原因，用because引导表语从句。故填because。
【38题详解】
考查动词不定式。句意：从这个角度来看，美国在2010年人口普查中报告了630万个姓氏。to put that in perspective从这个角度来看，固定短语，句首单词的首字母应大写。故填To put。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：这有几个原因：中国的种族多样性不如美国等国家，美国的大量少数民族增加了姓氏的多样性。空处修饰形容词diverse，应用副词形式。故填racially。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：这也和语言有关；你不能在汉字上随便画一个笔画就能创造一个新姓氏。have to do with…与……有关，固定搭配。故填with。
【41题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：随着中国迅速进入数字时代，从预约到购买火车票，几乎所有事情都转移到了网上。此处是“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，动词roar和宾语China之间是主动关系，用现在分词作宾语补足语。故填roaring。
【42题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：主要的问题是，并不是所有的汉字都被编码进了计算机系统。结合句意可知，此处表示过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，用现在完成时，且主语characters和动词code之间是被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是名词复数，助动词用have，故填have been coded。
【43题详解】
考查不定冠词。句意：如果你的名字里碰巧有一个稀有的字符，那就意味着会有很多麻烦。a world of许多，大量的，固定短语，后接可数名词复数或不可数名词均可。故填a。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：名字中有罕见字的人，因为不兼容现有的计算机系统，可能会被抛在后面——这促使许多人为了方便而改名，即使这意味着放弃几个世纪的遗产和语言。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是rare characters，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。
【45题详解】
考查名词。句意同上。空处应填名词作of的宾语，convenience方便，不可数名词。故填convenience。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假如你是李华，受社区邀请为老年人做一个主题为“提高防骗意识、增强防范能力”的演讲，
内容包括：
1.诈骗类型；
2.防范方法。
注意：
1.写作词数应为80左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
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【答案】 With the number of the internet users increasingly expanding, Internet frauds have become a huge problem in recent years. Today I will give a brief introduction to some common traps and offer you suggestions on handling these.
Cybercrime comes in many covert ways. Some frauds will tempt you to set up an account and provide your personal information with so-called red packets or other pecuniary advantages. Others scare you that your relative meets an emergency and ask you to transfer money to an unfamiliar account.
If you are in such situations, please stay calm. You can call the police to have a check. In order to ensure the security of your property, you’d better install and register the National Anti-fraud Center App. Please keep in mind that “refuse to give strangers money and refuse the money given by strangers”.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生为老年人做一个主题为“提高防骗意识、增强防范能力”的演讲。
【详解】1.词汇积累
建议：suggestion→advice
确保：ensure→make sure
安全：security→safety
记住：keep in mind→remember
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：In order to ensure the security of your property, you’d better install and register the National Anti-fraud Center App.
拓展句：You’d better install and register the National Anti-fraud Center App, so that you can ensure the security of your property.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Others scare you that your relative meets an emergency and ask you to transfer money to an unfamiliar account.（运用了that引导的宾语从句）
【高分句型2】If you are in such situations, please stay calm.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
On a Friday evening in December, two weeks before Christmas, I lost my job. I hadn’t seen it coming. I was excited for the weekend when my daughter, Kristil, planned to get our Christmas tree. Then I listened to my voicemail “We’re sorry, but your work assignment has ended as of today.” My heart sank.
I was the only parent. My paycheck was survival. I did everything I could to give Kristil a good life, but there were some things my love couldn’t fix. The next day as we searched for our tree, I struggled to be cheerful as I eyed the Christmas tree prices.
Monday morning, I dropped Kristil at school and set off on my moneymaking pursuits. Looking for where to sell stuff, I headed to the pawnshop with a garnet ring set in 14-karat gold that had belonged to my mother. “Best I can do is $70,” the owner said. “The stones are worthless. We’re only interested in the gold. ” Next was the antiques store. I sold six Precious Moments sculptures for $150. I ended the day $220 richer—not bad.
Over the next week, I desperately applied for jobs as my bank account grew smaller. I felt as if the world was closing in on me. On a weekend afternoon, I dropped Kristil in a wealthy gated community for a birthday party. I watched as she went in, surrounded by all the nice things we couldn’t afford. I drove home defeated.
Back at home, it had been snowing on and off all morning. I noticed a petite woman in an blue overcoat struggling to open her car door against the wind. As she got out, I realized it was my old professor, Esther Heffernan. I hadn’t seen her since we’d met for lunch three months ago. I’d first met Esther 10 years earlier, when I was her student in Madison, Wisconsin. Kristil was 3 at the time, and I sometimes took her to class. She was understanding and would bring coloring books to occupy Kristil.
After I graduated, Esther kept in touch, meeting me for lunch every few months. I had grown to love her like family. I rushed to the front of my building. “What are you doing out in this weather?” I asked as we hugged.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I made her a cup of tea, and we talked.
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I walked her to her car and waved as she pulled away.
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【答案】范文
I made her a cup of tea and we talked. Just being in Esther’s presence gave me hope that things would be all right. “Well, I tried to call last week but couldn’t get through. Having learnt that you weren’t working there anymore, I thought I would come by,” Esther said. “I have a couple of gifts for you and Kristil. ” As she got up to leave, she handed me a Christmas card. “This is for you,” she said as she kissed me on the cheek.
I walked her to her car and waved as she pulled away. When I opened her card, I gasped in shock. There was money inside. Hundred-dollar bills fell onto the table. Tears of gratitude welled up in my eyes as I counted. Esther had given me $1,000. On Christmas morning, Kristil and I gathered around our tree, and I joyfully watched as she opened her Christmas gifts. I silently thanked Esther in my heart. The year Santa’s suit went from signature red to true blue.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在圣诞节前丢了工作，于是作者拼命工作挣钱，想买下圣诞树。某天作者遇到了自己曾经的老师Esther，老师给了作者现金帮助作者。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我给她泡了杯茶，我们聊了聊”可知，第一段可描写作者和Esther闲聊的过程以及Esther提出要给作者礼物。
②由第二段首句内容“我陪她走到她的车前，在她把车开走时向她挥手”可知，第二段可描写作者打开Esther的卡片，看到了里面的一千美金现金。
2.续写线索：聊天——Esther提出要给礼物——Esther离开——打开卡片——发现钱——感谢——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
一些：a couple of /some
离开：leave/go
战起：get up/stand up
情绪类
感谢：gratitude /thankfulness
快乐：joyfully /happily
【点睛】[高分句型1] Just being in Esther’s presence gave me hope that things would be all right. (运用了that引导同位语从句)
[高分句型2] As she got up to leave, she handed me a Christmas card. (运用了as引导时间状语从句)
听力答案:1-5 CAABC 6-10 CBBAB 11-15 ABCCC 16-20AACAB