高中英语高考2018届高三英语二轮复习试题：专题三第三讲　推理判断题 课时作业 Word版含解析

这是一份高中英语高考2018届高三英语二轮复习试题：专题三第三讲　推理判断题 课时作业 Word版含解析，共12页。
 A(2017·东北三省四市高考模拟)As her son Cameron sits at his laptop completing a task for his math degree course, Alison Thompson, a full­time mum, is busy helping her daughter Emma(two years younger than Cameron) get dressed. While help has always been available for Emma, Alison and her husband also have to fight to get Cameron the support he needs. “People could see that Emma has special needs but because Cameron was doing so well at school, his teachers never thought there was a problem with him，” says Alison.It took Alison and her husband a while to realize their son was different. Cameron’s ability didn’t become clear until he began primary school. Once he even corrected the teacher when she told the class that zero was the lowest number. Cameron told her she was wrong because there were negative numbers(负数). He was four at the time. Now 14­year­old Cameron is at secondary school, studying for a distance learning math degree with the Open University, having__sailed__through__his__GCSE at 11 and his A­level at 12, achieving top grades.Bethany, another daughter of Alison, is bright too but not gifted. She is the one who will remind absent­minded Cameron to put on his coat. She also helps him out in social situations.Emma attends a specialist school and the family is quick to celebrate her successes too. “The other day she did up the buttons on her coat, which was real progress，” Alison says.Late last year the Thompsons took part in a television documentary(纪录片) to prove that not all gifted children are the result of extremely ambitious parents. Gifted children need support too and their lives don’t have to be that different. Cameron is an example.[解题导语]　本文是一篇记叙文。通过讲述Thompson一家人的生活说明了任何孩子都需要亲人的支持和帮助，天才儿童的生活也如此。1．What does Paragraph 1 indicate?A．Cameron helps Emma with her math tasks.B．Teachers at school ignored Emma’s problems.C．Both Cameron and Emma need parental support.D．The couple often have fights because of Cameron.C　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段的“While help has always been available for Emma, Alison and her husband also have to fight to get Cameron the support he needs.”可知，Emma和Cameron都需要父母的支持，故C项正确。2．What does the underlined phrase “having sailed through his GCSE” probably mean?A．Having passed his GCSE easily.B．Having taken his GCSE seriously.C．Having worked hard at his GCSE.D．Having suffered a lot from his GCSE.A　解析：词义猜测题。根据文章画线短语后的“at 11 and his A­level at 12, achieving top grades”可知，Cameron在11岁就通过了GCSE考试，在12岁则通过了A­level阶段的学习，故画线短语意为“轻而易举地通过GCSE考试”。3．There are ________people in Mrs. Thompson’s family.A．three　　　　　　　 B．fourC．five  D．sixC　解析：细节理解题。文章提到了Thompson夫妇、儿子Cameron、女儿Emma和Bethany，所以Thompson一家共5个人。4．What can be concluded from the passage?A．Emma has learned to take good care of herself.B．Cameron showed his gifts before primary school.C．The children of the family are bright and gifted.D．Gifted kids are not so different as people expect.D　解析：推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“Gifted children need support too and their lives don’t have to be that different.”可知，天才儿童也需要支持，他们的生活不一定和别人不一样，即天才儿童不像人们所期望的那样事事不同于常人，故选D项。B(2017·烟台诊断)In an effort to discourage people from using plastics, scientists have been hard at work inventing alternative packaging products. From water bottles made from seaweed to cutlery(餐具) made from rice and wheat, a number of inventions are set to change the way we eat while we are on the go, or having a relaxing picnic in the park.The idea of using seaweed to make eco­friendly(环保的) water bottles has been around for a few years. Recently, Ari Jonsson took his invention—a water bottle made from red seaweed—to show off at a festival. The bottles will only hold their shape as long as they are filled. As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down, though they would be perfectly safe to eat.Ari Jonsson’s bottles are a step closer to a widely used alternative to the current plastic ones.The eatable water container is not the only product to add to our image of the future.  Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons. After the success of his spoons, Mr. Pessapaty is ready to expand and introduce forks and chopsticks to his menu. His aim is to largely reduce the amount of plastic waste, which is a huge problem for waste sites all over the world. It is a product that may take up to 500 years to break down, and recycling companies worldwide are struggling to deal with it.Aside from the obvious benefits to the environment, this new packaging is also cheap to produce and therefore cheap to buy. Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home, possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends. Why not get experimenting and create your own recipes?[解题导语]　为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，本文介绍了科学家发明的可食用的、环保的包装替代产品。5．Why do scientists invent alternative packaging products?A．To make people’s life more convenient.B．To reduce the amount of plastic waste.C．To change the way we picnic outside.D．To show off their inventive talents.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段第一句“In an effort to discourage people from using plastics...”可知，为了阻止人们使用塑料包装，科学家们发明了可替代的包装产品。故选B项。6．What makes Ari Jonsson’s water bottles eco­friendly?A．They can be made at home.B．They are cheap to produce and buy.C．They will hold their shape when they are filled.D．They will break down themselves when empty.D　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“As soon as these bottles are empty they will begin to break down...”可知，水瓶一空，它们就会分解。也就是说，它们在被倒空时，会自己分解，所以使得这些水瓶很环保。故选D项。7．What do Ari and Narayana’s inventions have in common?A．They are convenient to carry.B．They are safe to eat.C．They can be used for a short time.D．They are heavier than plastics.B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“...though they would be perfectly safe to eat”及第三段第二句“Narayana Pessapaty has also created eatable spoons.”可知，两人发明物的共同特点是它们都是可安全食用的。故选B项。8．What can be inferred from this passage?A．Home­made eatable cutlery is likely to be popular.B．Eatable cutlery will completely replace plastics in the near future.C．No recycling companies can break down plastic waste.D．It’s unsafe for individuals to invent eatable cutlery at home.A　解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“Even better is the fact that similar eatable cutlery can be made at home, possibly a science project for children or just fun with friends.”可知，类似的可食用餐具可在家里自制，由此可猜测，这种餐具可能会变得很受欢迎。故选A项。C(2017·太原二模)“Stop all the rushing and screaming: too much excitement is bad for families. Kids are missing out on an essential life—relaxed down time，” says Dr. Charlotte Reznick.“Parents work, and kids do scheduled activities—there’s little family time without pressure，” says Reznick. “One parent is taking the son to a soccer game, and the other parent is taking the daughter to her swim meet. Then there’s the art class, baseball practice, extra tutoring, and more! By the time the family meet up for dinner, everyone is exhausted.”All the rushing makes for a short temper. “When parents are reduced to shouting at their children to get them to listen, they lower their own self­esteem as well as losing the respect of their children，” says Dr. Carl Pickhardt. “While parents think it shows they’re serious about what they’re saying, they are really just showing helpless desperation at not getting their way.”These days what kids are learning at school and from the outside is a lot greater than it used to be even just a generation ago.“The problem is that stress relieving activities—reading, taking walks or hot baths,  watching the sunset and other activities are not even part of most kids’ experience any more，” says Reznick.“There are so many more social interaction opportunities in our computer age, but not all of them promote meaningful connections, which is another potential outlet for stress，” she says.One way to relieve stress is a simple technique called “the balloon breath”. It’s a great way for everyone to become calm so that they can respond thoughtfully rather than just react.Here’s how to do it. Imagine a deflated(未充气的) balloon in your stomach—about two to three inches below your  navel(肚脐). Slowly breathe in to a count of 1...2...3... and feel the lower belly expand, and flatten as you slowly breathe out to a count of 1...2...3...[解题导语]　本文主要讲述了如何缓解孩子们的压力。9．What can we infer from the second paragraph?A．Kids can hardly enjoy family time due to heavy burdens.B．Saturday is the only leisurely day of the week for kids.C．The life of kids is becoming rich due to extra classes.D．Parents have no time on weekends to care for their kids.A　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“By the time the family meet up for dinner, everyone is exhausted.”和本段的整体内容可推知，如今孩子们的负担沉重，几乎无法享受家庭时间，故选A。10．What does Dr. Carl Pickhardt think of parents when they yell?A．They have no self­confidence.B．They take what they say seriously.C．They are always behaving like children.D．They are less respected and seem desperate.D　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的“losing the respect of their children”和最后一句“While parents think it shows they’re serious about what they’re saying, they are really just showing helpless desperation at not getting their way.”可知，Dr.Carl Pickhardt认为，父母在大吼大叫时，孩子们对他们的尊重会减少，也显示出父母无助的绝望，故选D。11．What is the function of “the balloon breath” according to the seventh paragraph?A．To make one cool down.B．To test one’s patience.C．To raise one’s awareness.D．To fill a balloon with air.A　解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的第二句“It’s a great way for everyone to become calm so that they can respond thoughtfully rather than just react.”可知，这种方法的作用是使人们冷静下来，故选A。12．What is the purpose of the author writing this passage?A．To tell educators to be patient.B．To advise parents not to make life too stressful for kids.C．To encourage kids to pursue creativity.D．To show that kids need patience and love from their parents.B　解析：写作意图题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲的是如何缓解孩子们的重压，这是给父母提出的建议，故选B。专题强化训练14　推理判断题——观点态度类/文章出处类[学生用书P103(单独成册)]A(2017·河南开封一模)According to the Global Times, it is reported that two online videos showing children telling their parents “I love you” have gone viral in China. The first, filmed by an Anhui TV station, shows a number of college students telling their parents they love them. The responses are mixed. “Are you drunk？” asked one parent. In another similar video, shot by a Shanxi TV station, a father responded even less patiently—“I’m going to a meeting, so cut the crap.”Why don’t Chinese families use those words? Theories revolve around the nature of Confucian teaching. “The parents’ responses show that many Chinese are not good at expressing positive emotions，” Xia Xueluan, a sociologist from Peking University, told the Global Times. “They are used to educating children with negative language.”This isn’t the first time that China has done some soul­searching about familial love—last year China Daily asked a cross­section of people if they said “I love you” to their parents，spouses, and children. “I have never said ‘I love you’ to my family, and I don’t think I will in the future，” one 56­year­old man told the paper. “Saying it aloud is embarrassing for me.”Still, that doesn’t mean that love can’t be expressed. In a separate article, China Daily spoke to Zhao Mengmeng, a 31­year­old woman who said she had never told her father she loved him face­to­face(“I find it a bit odd”). Sometimes actions speak louder than words. Zhao gave her father a photo album featuring photographs of them together on almost every one of her birthdays in June 2012. The pictures went viral online, being forwarded hundreds of thousands of times on Weibo.“I didn’t sleep the night I heard about it，” her father told China Daily after the story attracted mainstream attention. “I have now memorized some of the comments on the collection of pictures.”[解题导语]　中国人一直以含蓄著称，这一特点在向家人表达爱时也不例外。近来，两段视频引起了轰动，文章对此作了介绍。作者运用大量例子解释了中国人为什么不直接说“我爱你”，并列举了其独特的表达方式。1．What can we infer from the text?A．It is not direct for Chinese families to say “I love you”．B．Chinese parents are too proud to express “I love you”．C．Chinese parents are good at expressing positive emotions.D．Young parents in China are willing to express “I love you”．A　解析：推理判断题。文章第三段引入一位被采访者的观点：Saying it aloud is embarrassing for me.，下一段介绍了中国人对父母表达爱的特点：Sometimes actions speak louder than words.，即用行动而不是语言来向父母表达自己的爱，并列举事例进行证明。由此可推断，中国人通常不会向家人直接表达爱。故选A项。2．Why don’t Chinese parents express “I love you” to their children?A．Because they can’t express it.B．Because they are not in the habit of expressing so.C．Because they think it unnecessary.D．Because they think it should be done only among young couples.B　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“I have never said ‘I love you’ to my family, and I don’t think I will in the future，” one 56­year­old man told the paper. “Saying it aloud is embarrassing for me.”可知，中国的父母不习惯这样表达。3．Zhao Mengmeng expressed “I love you” to her father by ________．A．giving him an album containing their photosB．kissing her father’s face and telling him by wordsC．speaking it out bravely in a TV programD．writing out the three words in a letterA　解析：细节理解题。题干关键信息为Zhao Mengmeng，根据文章倒数第二段倒数第二句Zhao gave her father a photo album featuring photographs of them together on almost every one of her birthdays...可知，赵萌萌送给爸爸一个相册，里面是他们的照片，以此来表达对父亲的爱。故选A项。4．What’s the author’s attitude toward the statements about “I love you”？A．Opposed.　　　　　　 B．Objective.C．Critical.  D．Indifferent.B　解析：推理判断题。作者通过随机调查告诉我们，中国人为什么不习惯对家人说“I love you”，在分析完原因后，又通过具体的例子告诉我们中国人如何用一种含蓄的方式向家人表达爱。所有这些，作者只是在客观描述，没有添加自己的感情倾向。故选B项，objective意为“客观的”。B(2017·福建泉州检测)We know a lot about the advantages and disadvantages of reading a hard­copy book vs. reading electronically. The problem is, many of us refuse to listen.Don’t get me wrong: Digital reading has some real advantages. Ask people what they like most about reading on digital screens, and you hear over and over again about convenience. More points for digital reading：e­books tend to be cheaper. There’s also the environmental argument. Think of the trees!Yet the soundness of this case is arguable. The earth metals to build e­readers are not just rare but highly poisonous. And think about all that energy needed to run servers and cooling fans. And remember, trees are a renewable resource.Then, there’s the appeal of a hard copy. Many people prefer print when reading both for pleasure and for school or work. Drawing examples from my own research, some of the reasons are aesthetic(美学的). Others involve a sense of accomplishment, ease of annotation(“I can write on the pages”), and navigation(“easy to locate where I was”). Meanwhile, I hear abundant complaints about eye strain(眼疲劳) and headaches when using screens.Much of what students liked about reading print involved their minds. They say “it’s easier to focus”. Some also acknowledged they took more time with printed text and read more carefully.But what makes the failure of electronic reading is concentration. More than 92% of those I surveyed said they concentrated best when reading a hard copy. When a digital device has an Internet connection, it’s hard to resist the temptation(诱惑)．So if digital interruptions don’t threaten your enjoyment or understanding of a text, then medium may not matter. Casual reading like David Baldacci? If you break to check sports scores, there will be little harm done. But just don’t expect to understand Joyce’s novels this way.[解题导语]　文章主要介绍了在网络高度发达的社会中，电子书有愈来愈替代纸质书的趋势，然而作者通过对比两者的优缺点表达了对纸质书的青睐。5．What is an advantage of reading a hard­copy book?A．It is cheaper.B．It is easier to carry around.C．It helps people think deeper.D．It provides instant information.C　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第五段可知，读纸质书能让人更专注、更认真，因此思考更深入。故选C项。6．What’s the biggest problem of reading digitally?A．Environmental concern.B．Physical discomfort.C．Lack of concentration.D．Internet connection.C　解析：细节理解题。根据文章第六段第一句But what makes the failure of electronic reading is concentration.可知，电子书阅读的最大问题是缺乏专注。故选C项。7．What’s the author’s attitude toward e­reading?A．Supportive.  B．Disapproving.C．Optimistic.  D．Unconcerned.B　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三至六段尤其是最后一段可知，作者认为，如果电子阅读不会影响你阅读的愉悦感和对文本的理解，那么无可厚非。但是读类似乔伊斯的作品时就不是合适的选择了。由此可推测，作者对电子阅读持不赞成的态度。故选B项。8．How is the passage mainly developed?A．By analyzing possible reasons.B．By providing typical examples.C．By listing practical suggestions.D．By presenting direct comparisons.D　解析：推理判断题。文章的第二段主要讲了电子书的好处，第三段讲了电子书的缺点，第四、五段主要讲了纸质书的益处，第六段讲了电子书的缺点。因此整个文章是通过比较来写作的。故选D项。C(2017·辽宁重点高中第三次联考)Those who claim bananas are fattening argue that bananas cause the body to make lots of insulin(胰岛素), and insulin causes fat growth.How much insulin we produce is related to how fast food becomes sugar in our bloodstream. How can you know if food makes a lot of sugar quickly? The glycemic index(血糖指数), or GI rating tells us.  Foods with GI scores above 75 are considered high­GI foods, leading to faster sugar development. Bananas have a GI of 62, which is considered low.Weight loss can be a struggle for anyone,  but it is especially hard for diabetics(糖尿病患者). A study looked at how the starch from unripe bananas affected the weight of a group of obese diabetics.  After four weeks of a diet high in bananas, diabetics lost significantly more weight than on a  control diet. They also saw improvements in insulin sensitivity from the banana diet.What’s more, bananas have been shown to cut risks of strokes, diabetes and cancers(Bananas are the most powerful fruit for lowering the risk of kidney cancer.). Bananas are also a rich source of fiber, which has been shown to help weight  loss. Bananas that still have some green on the skin are even higher in fiber.Skins from green bananas can be taken and, after removing the stem and dark tip, cut into small pieces 2－3 inches long and 1/2 inch wide. These pieces can be made into a tea or added to a dish. When you eat the skins, be sure you are eating organic bananas. The flesh of regular bananas is low in pesticides, but the skins are not.[解题导语]　本文反驳了“吃香蕉会使人发胖”这一错误观点，告诉大家香蕉不会使身体分泌很多胰岛素而导致脂肪增加，相反，香蕉对身体健康有着诸多好处。9．What conclusion can we draw from Paragraphs 1 & 2?A．Bananas are likely to make people fat.B．Insulin determines the amount of sugar.C．Low­GI foods can turn into sugar more slowly.D．The faster the food becomes sugar, the less insulin.C　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中“How can you know if food makes a lot of sugar quickly? The glycemic index(血糖指数)．..faster sugar development.”可知，血糖指数高的食物往往能更快地转化成糖分，反之，血糖指数低的食物转化成糖分的速度较慢。故选C。10．What does the author say about bananas?A．Including bananas in diets is good for health.B．Bananas can cure people suffering kidney cancer.C．Eating organic bananas can protect people from strokes.D．Bananas’ abundant fiber improves insulin sensitivity.A　解析：推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“...diabetics lost significantly more weight than on a  control diet. They also saw improvements in insulin sensitivity from the banana diet.”及第四段的“bananas have been shown to cut risks of strokes, diabetes and cancers...weight loss.”可知，香蕉可以帮助人们减肥，也能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，由此可得出这样的结论：将香蕉列入日常饮食对人们的健康有益，故选A。11．What is discussed in the last paragraph?A．The use of banana skins.B．The benefits of banana skins.C．The importance of banana skins.D．The ways of choosing organic bananas.A　解析：段落大意题。根据最后一段的内容尤其是“can be made into a tea or added to a dish”可知，本段主要讲的是香蕉皮的用途。故选A。12．In which section of a newspaper can we read this passage?A．Education.  B．Health.C．Culture.  D．Science.B　解析：推理判断题。纵观全文可知，香蕉不仅有助于减肥，还能降低人们患中风、糖尿病及癌症的风险，而且香蕉皮也有用处。由此可知，本文最有可能出现在报纸的健康专栏。故选B。