2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题一阅读理解先检索再加工第二部分怎样准解题揭秘答题规律科学备战高考第一讲细节理解题__据文比对定答案课件

这是一份2023新教材高考英语二轮专题复习专题一阅读理解先检索再加工第二部分怎样准解题揭秘答题规律科学备战高考第一讲细节理解题__据文比对定答案课件，共38页。PPT课件主要包含了〖解题流程〗等内容，欢迎下载使用。
细节理解题在英语高考阅读理解中占了较大的比重，而且此类题型相对比较简单，只需要根据题干中的关键词，回到原文中定位信息区间，稍加比对，就能得出答案。因此，对于这类题目要力求读得快、找得准、答得对，力争不丢分，保住基本分才能得高分。
清迷点扫盲点·提升审题能力
练重点练难点·创新应用体验
清迷点扫盲点提升审题能力
知答题方略“两关注”“一防范”巧解细节理解题1.两关注：关注正确选项的特征：一是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思；二是对文章信息的综合理解和推断归纳。2.一防范：防范干扰选项的逼真性，稍有不慎就会落入命题人设置的陷阱中。在做间接信息题时，要根据所找信息，分析选项，对比其中所用词汇，避免误选答案。必要时要对原文信息进行归结，然后比对选项，进而选出正确答案。
明命题方式直接细节题常见设问方式：◆Which activity will yu chse if...？◆What will yu/the students d...？◆When can yu...？◆Where can yu...？◆Wh will...？间接细节题常见设问方式：◆Which f the fllwing best describes...？◆Hw des the writer readers？◆Hw many/much...？
技法1直接信息理解题——关键词定位法在解答直接信息理解题时，考生可采取“关键词定位法”，即“带着问题找答案”。先从题干中提取关键词(题眼)，然后以此为线索，运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此关键词相关的段落、语句，快速定位该题与哪一段、哪一句有关，然后仔细推敲，仔细比对所给选项与文中细节的细微区别，在准确理解细节的前提下，最后确定答案。
【典例】　[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A]SchlarshipsWe ffer schlarships t lw­incme schls and yuth rganizatins，subject t availability. Participatin in a pst­visit survey is required.Schlarships are fr Grup Play admissin fees and/r transprtatin. Transprtatin invices (发票) must be received within 60 days f yur visit t guarantee the schlarship.21．What des a grup need t d if they are ffered a schlarship?A．Prepay the admissin fees.B．Use the Museum's transprtatin.C．Take a survey after the visit.D．Schedule their visit n weekdays.
解析：细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词“ffered a schlarship”定位到 Schlarships部分中“We ffer schlarships t lw­incme schls and yuth rganizatins，subject t availability. Participatin in a pst­visit survey is required.”可知，如果一个团体获得了奖学金，需要参加一个访后的调查问卷。
技法2 间接信息理解题——二次加工慎判定 为了更好地考查考生的语言能力和思维品质，命题人往往会对具体细节信息加以修饰或转换，以间接的方式来考查考生。如果说直接信息理解题是直来直去考，那么间接信息理解题则是拐弯抹角考。直接信息理解题检索出信息就可得出答案，而间接信息理解题需对检索出的信息进行二次加工才能得出答案。1．同意转换法使用同根词、同义词或近义词甚至反义词来替换关键词，例如使用ask来替换文中的require，使用less different来替换文中的mre in cmmn等。
【典例1】　[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读A]Late WrkAn essay nt submitted in class n the due date will lse a letter grade fr each class perid it is late. If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer. Daily assignments nt cmpleted during class will get a zer. Shrt writings missed as a result f an excused absence will be accepted.23．What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?A．Yu will receive a zer.B．Yu will lse a letter grade.C．Yu will be given a test.D．Yu will have t rewrite it.
解析：细节理解题。由题干中的关键词“submit”定位到原文关键句为 “If it is nt turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zer.” ，比对选项和信息句可知，如果你在截止日期过后一周才上交，你的成绩将会是零分。submit 与turn in为同义转述。
【典例2】　[2022·新高考Ⅰ卷阅读B]Like mst f us, I try t be mindful f fd that ges t waste. The arugula (芝麻菜) was t make a nice green salad, runding ut a rast chicken dinner. But I ended up wrking late. Then friends called with a dinner invitatin. I stuck the chicken in the freezer. But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.24．What des the authr want t shw by telling the arugula stry?A．We pay little attentin t fd waste.B．We waste fd unintentinally at times.C．We waste mre vegetables than meat.D．We have gd reasns fr wasting fd.
解析：细节理解题。由题干中的关键词“the arugula stry”定位到信息句“But as days passed, the arugula went bad. Even wrse, I had unthinkingly bught way t much; I culd have made six salads with what I threw ut.”；由此可知，更糟糕的是，作者不假思索地买了太多东西；作者本可以用扔掉的东西做六份沙拉。由此可知，我们有时会无意中浪费食物。 unintentinally与文中的unthinkingly为同义转述。
2．归纳概括考分析综合为了增加细节信息试题的难度，命题人有时候也会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题，一个细节信息试题涉及一段或者几段的具体内容，需要考生进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。虽然此类试题各个细节信息都能在文章中找到，但需要考生具有一定的概括和归纳能力。
【典例3】　[2021·全国乙卷阅读A]All these stadiums are still functinal, still pen and still hsting the biggest events in wrld sprt.·Rungrad 1st f May Stadium, Pyngyang, D．P.R. Krea.Capacity: 150，000.Opened: May 1, 1989.·Michigan Stadium, Ann Arbr, Michigan, U.S. Capacity: 107，601.Opened: Octber 1, 1927.·Beaver Stadium, State Cllege, Pennsylvania, U．S. Capacity: 106，572.Opened: September 17, 1960.·Ohi Stadium, Clumbus, Ohi, U.S. Capacity: 104，944.Opened: Octber 7, 1922.·Kyle Field, Cllege Statin, Texas, U．S. Capacity: 102，512.Opened: September 24, 1927.22．Of the fllwing stadiums, which is the ldest?A．Michigan Stadium. 　B．Beaver Stadium.C．Ohi Stadium. 　 D．Kyle Field.
解析：分析题干，题干问的是哪个体育场最古老，应定位至文章最后一部分对各个体育场的介绍。然后一一比对信息源：根据该部分的内容可知，四个选项中的体育场分别于1927年、1960年、1922年、1927年开放；综合概括可知，最古老的体育场为Ohi Stadium。
技法3数字计算题——加减乘除巧破解常涉及时间、年龄、年代、价钱、数量、距离等数字信息的简单加工。计算量较小，比较容易。找出计算背后所隐含的信息并理解文章相应的信息是准确解题的关键。
【典例】　[2022·新高考Ⅱ卷阅读A]Grup SizeWe require ne chaperne (监护人) per ten children. Failure t prvide enugh chapernes will result in an extra charge f $50 per absent adult.Grup Play is fr grups f 10 r mre with a limit f 35 peple. Fr grups f 35 r mre，please call t discuss ptins.22．Hw many chapernes are needed fr a grup f 30 children t visit the Museum?A．One. B．Tw. C．Three. D．Fur.
解析：数字计算题。读题干定位到原文 “We require ne chaperne (监护人) per ten children.”可知，每10个孩子需要1个监护人，那么30个孩子则需要3个监护人。
练重点练难点创新应用体验
A[2022·九江市第三次模拟]Erica James is the authr f 23 best­selling nvels. Nw, the rmance nvelist shares the bks that shaped her career.Three Men in a BatJerme K JermeThis was the initial bk that made me laugh ut lud. Anything I'd read previusly had been schl texts. Reading them was like watching paint dry, but suddenly here was smething exciting which clearly shws a great many features f human behaviur. Frm then n, I fell in lve with reading.
A Wman f SubstanceBarbara Taylr BradfrdI was a mther when I read this nvel and was thrughly swept up in the rags t riches stry f Emma Harte. Barbara created a strng sense f family and it swed a tiny seed within me that I might create my wn wrk thrugh putting pen t paper.
Saint MaybeAnne TylerSaint Maybe is a sad example f hw ne small mistake can result in tragedy fr a family. As always with Anne Tyler, there's sadness and humr within the pages, but the true strength f this nvel lies in the authr's ability t write with sympathy.
The Marriage PactMichelle RichmndThe Marriage Pact is a psychlgical thriller, making me be a nicer wife. Jake and Alice are invited t jin an exclusive rganizatin called The Pact, which prmises t help them have a lasting marriage. I wanted t write a stry like it: Great lve fr life.
1．Which bk first made Erica James interested in reading?A．Three Men in a BatB．A Wman f SubstanceC．Saint MaybeD．The Marriage Pact
解析：A　细节理解题。根据Three Men in a Bat部分中“Frm then n, I fell in lve with reading. ”可知， Three Men in a Bat让Erica James对阅读产生了兴趣。
2．What is special abut A Wman f Substance?A．It is her first bk.B．It makes her mre hpeful.C．It inspires Erica t be a writer.D．It helps her manage jb challenges.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据A Wman f Substance部分中“Barbara created a strng sense f family and it swed a tiny seed within me that I might create my wn wrk thrugh putting pen t paper.”可知， A Wman f Substance的特别之处是它激励Erica成为一名作家。
3．What d the listed bks have in cmmn?A．They share a sad tne.B．They g against textbks.C．They are fcused n family prblems.D．They are gd influences n Erica's life.
解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一段“Erica James is the authr f 23 best­selling nvels. Nw, the rmance nvelist shares the bks that shaped her career. ”可知，这些书的共同点是对Erica James的生活有很好的影响。
B[2022·连云港市模拟(二)]Sunshine and Enjyment in the CaribbeanThe perfect balance f sightseeing and relaxatin await n yur next Caribbean cruise (乘船游览)．Day 1 Miami, USAIt's yur first night! Yu've gt a bit f time t have a free walk arund the city befre heading n yur cruise the next mrning.Day 2 Bard Sky Princess®Day 3 Princess Cays, BahamasYur first stp is at Princess' exclusive (专属的) prt f call in the Bahamas. Enjy a private beach party and get t knw ther cruisers n yur ship r take part in experiences like a stingray encunter r banana bat ride！
Day 4 Relaxing at seaDay 5 St Thmas, Virgin IslandsArrive early fr a full day f sightseeing and activities. Be wwed by Magens Bay, ne f the wrld's best beaches and definitely pht wrthy, r g n the Skyride t Paradise Pint t experience brad views, 700ft abve sea level.Day 6 St MaartenPrepare yurself fr the unique split f French and Dutch cultures n this wnderful island. Chse t explre the histric capitals f Philipsburg and Marigt r relax and bathe yurself in the sun n ne f the beautiful beaches.
Day 7～8 Relaxing at seaDay 9～10 Getting ff Sky Princess®Transfer t the airprt fr yur vernight flight hme.Yur exclusive TRAILFINDERShliday includes※ Direct flights※ 1 night 4★ Miami htel※ 7 night cruise abard Sky Princess® incl full bard, Premier Beverage Package, unlimited wi­fi & crew appreciatin.※ Private transfers
4.Hw many stps are there during the cruise?A．3.　　　B．4.　　　C．7.　　　D．10.
解析：A　细节理解题。根据Day 3 Princess Cays, Bahamas部分“Yur first stp is at Princess' exclusive (专属的) prt f call in the Bahamas.”， Day 5 St Thmas, Virgin Islands部分“Arrive early fr a full day f sightseeing and activities. ”以及Day 6 St Maarten部分“Prepare yurself fr the unique split f French and Dutch cultures n this wnderful island.”可知，乘船游览期间一共有三站。
5．Which f the fllwing places ffers culture experiences?A．Miami, USA.B．Princess Cays, Bahamas.C．St Maarten.D．St Thmas, Virgin Islands.
解析：C　细节理解题。根据Day 6 St Maarten部分“Prepare yurself fr the unique split f French and Dutch cultures n this wnderful island. ”可知， St Maarten这一站会提供文化体验。