高中英语高考2022届外研版（2019）高中英语一轮复习课堂练习35 ：选择性必修3 Unit 5　Learning from nature Word版含解析

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选择性必修第三册　Unit 5　Learning from nature

A组·基础巩固

Ⅰ. 语法填空

A

Sun Bear

Though small, they can be very aggressive, so if you see one, don't mistake it 1. ________ a soft lovely teddy bear！The sun bear lives in trees, 2. ________ you'll need to keep your eyes on the tree if you want to see one and you can only see them in the rainforests in Southeast Asia.

They are essential to our ecosystem because they help spread seeds while also keeping disgusted termites (白蚁) under control, which means there is less 3. ________ (destruct) of our tropical trees, which in turn 4. ________ (mean) our atmosphere is clean enough for us to live 5. ________ (healthy)．

When they do come down from the trees, they also dig for invertebrates (无脊椎动物) in the soil, 6. ________ (improve) the forest's nutrient cycle by mixing the rich and poor soil. Unfortunately, their global population 7. ________ (decline) 30% over the last few years, making them the second 8. ________ (rare) bear species next to the giant panda.

Their tongues are up to 25cm in 9. ________ (long) and help them to satisfy their greedy appetite for honey, 10. ________ sometimes makes them known as “honey bears”. You can tell the Sun Bear apart from other bear species from the horseshoe marks on their chest. No two markings are the same!

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了太阳熊的相关信息。

1. for　考查固定搭配。mistake... for... 是固定短语，意为“把……错认为，把……误当作”。故填for。

2. so　考查连词。太阳熊生活在树上，所以如果你想看它，你就得盯着树看。根据语境可知，空格前后之间是因果关系，所以用连词so。故填so。

3. destruction　考查词性转换。根据空格前的形容词“less”可知，此处应用名词形式。故填destruction。

4. means　考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个which引导的非限制性定语从句，是一个整体，又根据前文“which means”可知，从句用一般现在时态。故填means。

5. healthily　考查副词。此处应用副词修饰动词live。故填healthily。

6. improving　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，该句的谓语动词是“dig”，所以此处应用非谓语动词；再根据句意可知，此处应用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填improving。

7. has declined　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据该句中的时间状语“over the last few years”可知，此处应用现在完成时；再由主语“their global population”表示单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式。故填has declined。

8. rarest　考查形容词的最高级。根据空格前的“the second”可知，此处应用形容词的最高级。故填rarest。

9. length　考查固定用法。in length是固定用法，意为“在长度上”。故填length。

10. which　考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子可知，此处是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的整个部分，关系词在从句中作主语所以用which引导该从句。故填which。

B

We recognise our friends' faces. And we are not alone. Many social animals can also identify individuals of their own species by their facial 1. ________ (feature), because they need to adjust their behaviour 2. ________ (depend) on who they meet. And a research has shown that some domesticated (驯养的) animals can even distinguish among different faces in photographs.

Researchers first 3. ________ (teach) horses to “choose” between two side­by­side images on a computer screen. Then the horses that were shown photos of their keeper alongside faces of 4. ________ (familiar) humans ignored the strangers' faces, identifying 5. ________ (correct) their keeper about 75% of the time. What's more, the horses also preferentially picked photos of their previous keeper. And they 6. ________ (be) at least as accurate in picking out their previous keeper 7. ________ they were at identifying their current one.

In addition, horses seem to have 8. ________ strong long­term memory for human faces, consistent with their long lifespan and history of domestication. In future experiments, the researchers may test whether looking at photos of people that they have had bad experiences with in the past might cause horses 9. ________ (act) anxiously. So maybe think twice before doing anything 10. ________ might give a horse a long face.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了许多群居动物可以通过面部特征来识别自己的物种，一些驯养的动物甚至可以分辨照片中不同的面孔。

1. features　考查名词的单复数。形容词性物主代词their指代主语Many social animals，其后接复数名词。故填features。

2. depending　考查现在分词。本句已有谓语need且无连词，此空应用非谓语形式，主语they和动词depend是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词，表主动。故填depending。

3. taught　考查动词的时态。此处缺乏谓语动词，由全文语境可知，此研究发生在过去，句子应用一般过去时。故填taught。

4. unfamiliar　考查形容词。此处指“不熟悉的”，故填unfamiliar。

5. correctly　考查副词。此处修饰动词identify，应用副词形式。故填correctly。

6. were　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。此句包含as＋adj.＋as结构，前后语法结构一致，as后面句子“they were at identifying their current one”用一般过去时，此处也应用一般过去时，主语they是复数，谓语动词用were。故填were。

7. as　考查固定搭配。固定搭配as＋adj.＋as，意为“……和……一样”。故填as。

8. a　考查冠词。此处泛指“一段很强的长期记忆”，strong以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。故填a。

9. to act　考查固定用法。cause sb./sth. to do (sth.)是固定用法，意为“导致某人/物做某事”。故填to act。

10. that　考查定语从句的关系词。此处是限制性定语从句，先行词anything，指物，是不定代词，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that引导。故填that。

Ⅱ. 根据提示补全句子

1. 第一次在大众面前演讲感到紧张是很自然的。(it作形式主语)

It is natural to feel nervous when you give a speech in public for the first time.

2. 当在舞台上模仿查理·卓别林时， 他自己情不自禁地笑了。(while doing...)

While mimicing/imitating Charlie Chaplin on the stage, he himself couldn't help laughing.

3. 我吃惊地发现自己对这个活动很感兴趣。(find＋宾语＋宾补)

I was surprised to find myself interested in the activity．

4. 早睡觉被认为是一种好习惯。(动名词短语作主语)

Going to bed early is considered to be a good habit.

B组·能力提升

Ⅰ. 阅读理解

In a major medical breakthrough, Tel Aviv University researchers have “printed” the world's first 3D vascularised (血管化的) engineered heart using a patient's own cells and biological materials. Their findings were published on April 15 in a study in Advanced Science.

“This is the first time anyone anywhere has successfully engineered and printed an entire heart，” says Prof. Tal Dvir of Department of Materials Science and Engineering, who led the research for the study. “This heart is made from human cells and patient­specific biological materials. In our process, these materials serve as the bioinks, something made of sugars and proteins that can be used for 3D printing of complex tissue models，” Prof. Dvir says. “People managed to 3D print the structure of a heart in the past, but not with cells or with blood vessels (血管). Our results demonstrate the potential of our approach for engineering personalised tissue and organ replacement in the future.”

According to Prof. Dvir，the use of “native” patient­specific materials is important to successfully engineering tissues and organs.

The researchers are now planning on culturing the printed hearts in the lab and “teaching them to behave” like hearts, Prof. Dvir says. They then plan to transplant the 3D­printed heart in animal models.

“We need to develop the printed heart further，” he concludes. “The cells need to form a pumping ability; they can currently contract (收缩)，but we need them to work together. Our hope is that we will succeed and prove our method's efficacy (功效)and usefulness. Maybe, in ten years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world，and these procedures will be conducted routinely.”

1. What does Prof. Dvir think of an early 3D­printed heart?

A. It was highly practical.

B. It was too expensive.

C. It was personalised.

D. It was too simple.

2. What do we know about the latest 3D­printed heart?

A. It can be cultured in the lab.

B. It can match a patient perfectly.

C. It has been transplanted in animals.

D. It has been widely used in hospitals.

3. What is Prof. Dvir's attitude to the development of the printed heart?

A. Ambiguous.  B. Positive.  C. Disapproving.  D. Cautious.

4. What is the author's purpose in writing the text?

A. To explain the basic principle of 3D technology.

B. To introduce a breakthrough of medical research.

C. To doubt the medical value of a new invention.

D. To prove the effectiveness of the new technology.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了研究人员成功研制出了世界上第一颗有血管的3D打印心脏。

1. D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的“People managed to 3D print the structure of a heart in the past, but not with cells or with blood vessels (血管)．”可知，早期的3D打印心脏没有细胞和血管，由此可知，Prof. Dvir认为早期的3D打印心脏过于简单，故D项正确。

2. A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“The researchers are now planning on culturing the printed hearts in the lab”可知，研究人员目前正计划在实验室中培育这些打印心脏，由此可知，最新的3D打印心脏可以在实验室中培育，故A项正确。

3. B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Maybe, in ten years, there will be organ printers in the finest hospitals around the world，and these procedures will be conducted routinely.”可知，Prof. Dvir对3D打印心脏的发展持积极态度，故B项正确。

4. B　写作意图题。通读全文，特别是第一段中的“In a major medical breakthrough, Tel Aviv University researchers have ‘printed’ the world's first 3D vascularised (血管化的) engineered heart”可知，本文介绍的是研究人员成功打印出了世界上第一颗有血管的3D打印心脏，这是医学上的重大突破，作者写这篇文章就是为了介绍这一重大医学突破，故B项正确。

Ⅱ. 阅读七选五

Urban Wildlife

Cities are diverse ecosystems. In addition to visitors from the wild, a large number of species share our urban areas. As our cities spread, we need to think about what it is like for other species to have human neighbours.

Cities are built for humans.   1   For example, most city parks are kept neat and tidy so that humans will find them beautiful. But when we cut grass or plant flowers, we destroy natural habitats.

  2   When a bridge in Austin, Texas was repaired, engineers added small gaps (缝隙) running along the length of its bottom. This made a good home for bats (蝙蝠), and soon the bridge was the home of thousands of bats.   3   Now, they have come to value their winged neighbours. The bats are a tourist attraction, and they eat lots of bugs (虫子) every night.

There are also structures built with the aim of bringing wildlife into the city. The Beijing Olympic Forest Park is a good example. The park used native plants and created open, natural spaces for wildlife. The result is a zone in Beijing with over 160 species of birds. In many ways, the park is the opposite of a zoo.   4 

If we learn to share our space, we can become better neighbours to the wildlife around us.   5   Our own future will be endangered too.

A. They are built to protect birds.

B. Our actions sometimes help other species.

C. If we do not, more species will become extinct.

D. They do not always provide suitable habitats for wildlife.

E. Instead of being kept in cages, wildlife can move about freely.

F. At first, people were afraid of the bats and tried to get rid of them.

G. They would sit on it and their droppings would fall into the water.

【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了作者关于人类城市与野生动物关系的思考。

1. D　空格前说“Cities are built for humans”，空格后的“For example”举例可知，城市并不总是为野生动物提供住所，故选D。

2. B　此处设空在段首，考虑到段首句的作用，往往为主题句；由后面细节句提供的内容可知，我们人类的行为有时是可以帮助到野生动物的，故选B。

3. F　根据空后句的时间标志词可以判断空处所填句子与后文内容存在叙述和时间节点的对照关系，故选F。

4. E　根据空格位置关系可知，其填写内容一定与空前句存在话题一致、内容承接的关系，故选E。

5. C　上文谈及人类如果能够与野生动物共享城市空间的好处，而空格后句子所涉及内容与空前句形成比照关系，以及空后句的标志词“too”，可确定答案选C。