【备考2023】中考英语重难点专题特训学案（全国通用）—— 40 短文填空之选词填空 （原卷版+解析版）

这是一份【备考2023】中考英语重难点专题特训学案（全国通用）—— 40 短文填空之选词填空 （原卷版+解析版），文件包含备考2023中考英语重难点专题特训学案全国通用40短文填空之选词填空解析版docx、备考2023中考英语重难点专题特训学案全国通用40短文填空之选词填空原卷版docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共31页， 欢迎下载使用。
专项五  中考题型 重难点40  短文填空之选词填空 短文选词填空题型满分技巧 1. 跳过空格，速读全文，把握大意短文填空题的正确答题流程应该为：粗读全文，细读全文并完成每道题目的作笞复读检查。在粗读阶段，大家应学会无视短文填空题中的空格，直接获取整篇短文的主要信息，以便后续作答环节利用整篇文章的主旨辨别错误选项。2. 细读全文，瞻前顾后，各个击破在细读阶段， 大家首先应从语法角度直接对题目进行判断。 若无法确定答案，则应联系该空格的前后文，获得该题目的提示信息，逐一完成作答,短文填空题的解答最好按前后顺序完成，当后部题目的解笞面临困扰时，大家可再次精读前文， 寻找线索，最终正确作答。热点话题短文热衷话题有：社会热点、科技、循环利用、日常生活、健康等。 短文填词答题技巧口诀空前空后要注意，       名词单复要牢记。要有’s不能弃。动词注意要变形，       ＂皇帝＂、＂大臣＂要分清。形、副注意要用三级，   副词用法要谨记。要用数词请留意，       千万别忘＂基＂和＂序＂。填入代词需慎重，       五格变化记心中。 选词填空是指把一篇文章的关键词语挖空，词序打乱，让学生根据短文内容选择正确的词语填空。此类题型主要是要求学生在正确理解和把握文章的基础上，通过分析行文线索来填写空缺单词，补全短文。中考英语试卷中，短文题材非常广泛，可以是科普文、故事、体育甚至文化习俗等、不过、所选的文章，一般都是大家比较熟悉的材料。选词填空题考查学生对备选词的掌握及对语法的运用能力。做题时要根据句子结构确定句中所缺词的词性，然后结合句意及备选词即可得出答案。典例解析(2020·辽宁抚顺本溪辽阳)other   we   cold   worth   low   seldom   change   however   on   warm   high   theyDuring May, most places in China are warm. But Mount Qomolangma is still ___1___ and covered with snow. At this time, a group of Chinese climbers are climbing the highest mountain in the world. They are going to measure（测量） the ___2___ of the mountain.In fact, China already measured the height of the mountain in 1975（8,848. 13 meters） and 2005（8, 844.43 meters）. But the height can ___3___ as Earth’s plates（板块）move. As technology improves, people want to get more exact numbers.___4___ , measuring its height is not easy. The temperature there is -29℃, four degrees lower than that in Antarctica（南极）. The snow there is 4-5 meters thick and strong winds blow all the time. Climbers have to carry scientific instruments to the world's rooftop（屋脊）. They collect data（数据） ___5___ the top of the mountain. After that scientists study the data and calculate（计算） the height of the mountain.To deal with the difficult conditions, team members started training in January. They have to sleep in ___6___ tents to keep warm. To save fresh water, climbers ___7___ take a shower or wash faces. As for food, they have three dishes and soup for each meal. It is easy to keep meat fresh in such a ___8___ temperature.Though there are also some ___9___ difficulties that we can not think of, the mountain is  ____10____ measuring. An exact measurement can help to study the plate movement so that scientists can warn people the coming of the earthquakes. 【短文大意】这是一篇记叙文，文章讲述5月份珠穆朗玛峰仍然很冷覆盖着雪，但是一群登山者爬上珠穆朗玛峰去测量山的高度，尽管有很多困难，但是测量是非常有价值的。准确的测量能帮助研究板块运动以便于科学家警告人们地震的到来。【答案解析】1．句意：但是珠穆朗玛峰仍然很冷覆盖着雪。根据“covered with snow”可知此处用形容词cold作表语，表示虽然五月，但是珠穆朗玛峰仍然“很冷”。故答案为cold。2．句意：他们将测量山的高度。定冠词the后面用名词；根据动词measure和mountain以及后文“China already measured the height of the mountain”可知此处用名词height表示“高度”。故答案为height。3．句意：但是高度会随着地球板块的移动而变化。情态动词can后用动词原形；根据“as Earth’s plates move”可知此处用动词change 表示“变化”。故答案为change。4．句意：然而，测量高度不是那么容易的。此处表示转折，用however表示“然而”,句首首字母h大写。故答案为However。5．句意：他们在山顶收集数据。此处用介词短语on the top of表示“在山的顶部”。故答案为on。6．句意：他们不得不睡在他们的帐篷里来保暖。名词tents前面用形容词，此处根据they可知用形容词性物主代词their表示“他们的帐篷”。故答案为their。7．句意：为了节省淡水，爬山的人很少洗澡或洗脸。根据“To save fresh water”为了节省水，洗澡和洗脸是很少的，用频度副词seldom。故答案为seldom。8．句意：在这么低的温度下保存肉的新鲜是很容易的。根据前文“The temperature there is -29℃”可知温度很低，温度用高低（high/low）来形容，用形容词low做定语。故答案为low。9．句意：尽管还有一些其他的我们不能想象的困难，这座山值得被测量。此处用some other+复数名词，表示“一些其他的困难”。故答案为other。10．句意：尽管还有一些其他的我们不能想象的困难，这座山值得被测量。根据“An exact measurement can help to study the plate movement so that scientists can warn people the coming of the earthquakes”准确的测量能帮助研究板块运动以便于科学家警告人们地震的到来。可知山值得被测量，用be worth doing表示“值得做某事”。故答案为worth。 （2022·江苏苏州·统考中考真题）请认真阅读下面短文，从方框中选择适当的单词或短语，在横线上填入其正确形式。每个单词或短语仅用一次。dish       finish      until         have a gift for      so thatMom often says, “Cooking is an important skill, and it can be fun!” But I had no interest in cooking at all ___1___ I met with a cooking app（应用软件）. There are different kinds of recipes（菜谱）in the app. They offer detailed instructions ___2___ users can follow them step by step. Most of them even include photos or videos, which are quite useful for beginners. Last week, I picked up a popular recipe to cook fish. When I ___3___, it was exactly what I wanted and tasted delicious. Then I tried more recipes. Now I can cook a couple of ___4___. I find cooking is great fun and it seems that I ___5___ cooking. My plan is to invite my friends over next weekend and show them my new skills. I hope they will like my cooking. （2022·浙江宁波·统考中考真题）用方框中所给单词的适当形式填空，每词仅用一次 (每空一词)。happen        also        show        nature        muchLaughter is good for you, and that’s no joke! A good laugh helps you right away. When you laugh, changes ___6___in your body. For example, you take in ___7___ air than usual, which is good for your heart. A good laugh increases your heart rate. When you laugh, your brain also releases (释放) chemicals that make you feel happy. Laughing can also make you feel relaxed for up to 45 minutes.Laughter can ___8___ reduce pain. You probably don’t want to chuckle (偷笑) when you’re hurt, but laughter helps the body make its own ___9___ medicine. Laughing is also great exercise! Research ___10___ that laughing 100 times is as good as riding a bike for 15 minutes.So why don’t you try laughing out loud every day? （2022·上海·统考中考真题）选择最恰当的选项填入空格，每空格限填一词，每词只能填一次（A）A．award    B．pleased    C．litter    D．nature    E. tidyLast month. George and Sophie designed a community programme. After the activity, the community centre gave them a special ___11___ for what they had done. The idea came to them one day as they were walking home from school through the park. They noticed that there was a lot of ___12___ on the grass and by the lake. The park didn't look clean or ___13___ , so they decided to plan a community clean-up day. They asked local people to come and help clear away all the rubbish. People in the community were very ___14___ to hear about the plan as it could make a cleaner neighbourhood. （B）A．in all    B．chose    C．on holiday    D．delivered    E. breathed In order to make it convenient for people to join them, they ___15___ a Sunday for the activity. Then they contacted the community centre to ask for rubbish bags for the work. After that. they ___16___ posters to the houses near the park. They also put up some posters in their school. That day, more people came than expected-eighty-six volunteers ___17___ . Some were from the local community and others from the school. Even tourists came to help. One family was ___18___ in the area and they took part in the activity after seeing the posters. It was a successful day! （2022·河南·统考中考真题）阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺、意思完整。每空限填一词，每词限用一次。child    help    if    way    which    solve    into    long    develop    theyHand washing with soap can reduce (减少) illnesses. One of the easiest ____19____ to stop the spread of illness is to wash your hands. But many children haven’t ____20____ the right habit of hand washing. Children do not wash ____21____ hands often enough or long enough. It’s such a simple habit, but the children aren’t doing it.Issar and his friend decided to ____22____ the problem using a fun method. They tried many times and created a tool called Soapen. It turned hand washing ____23____ a fun activity.As the name suggests, Soapen is a pen ____24____ is made out of soap. The children draw on hands with the Soapen and then wash the drawing off. The colors will remain on the children’s hands ____25____ they don’t spend enough time washing them off. It is very ____26____ for a teacher in a classroom. After all, not all the teachers have the time to make each ____27____ wash his hands properly.“Children wash hands much ____28____ than before now because they like drawing on hands. Soapen does help children make a good habit of hand washing,” said Issar. （2022·湖北黄石·统考中考真题）从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺。每空不超过两个词。proud    up    cover    in    easily    they    serve    high    remember   howWhen the movie Leap was put on at cinemas on Sept. 25, 2020, it received a lot of praise from the whole country. The movie shows the spirit of the Chinese women’s volleyball players and ____29____ journey to becoming an excellent volleyball team.In order to stand on the world’s ____30____ podium (领奖台), the girls of the women’s volleyball team worked day and night to practice. Finally, they became the gold medal (金牌) owners and the ____31____ of the Chinese people. However, the road to the championship (冠军称号) ____32____ with tears and sweats (汗水). They fell many times and climbed ____33____ again and again to achieve the final success. “Without going through the wind and rain, ____34____ can we see the rainbow (彩虹)? No one can succeed ____35____.” The girls always keep these words ____36____ mind. Over 40 years of ups and downs, they have gradually become a legend (传奇) of the world volleyball sport.____37____ the country and never giving up are the keys to their success. That is what the film Leap wants us ____38____ forever. （2022·湖北随州·统考中考真题）从方框中选择适当的单词，并用其适当的形式完成短文，每词只能用一次，每空一词。good  realize  although  they  use  interest  hide  face  quick  inHow I Learned to Learn EnglishLast year, I did not like my English class. Every class was like a bad dream. The teacher spoke so ____39____ that I did not understand her most of the time. I was afraid to ask questions because of my poor pronunciation. I just ____40____ behind my textbook and never said anything.Then one day I watched an English movie called Toy Stony. I fell ____41____ love with this exciting and funny movie! So I began to watch other English movies, too. ____42____ I could not understand everything the characters said, their body language and the expressions on their ____43____ helped me to get the meaning. I also ____44____ I could get the meaning by listening for just the key words. My pronunciation improved as well by listening to the conversations in English movies. I discovered that listening to something ____45____ is the secret to language learning. I also learned ____46____ sentences like “It’s a piece of cake” or “It server you right”. I did not understand these sentences at first. But because I wanted to understand the story, I looked ____47____ up in a dictionary.Now I really enjoy my English class. I want to learn new words and more grammar so that I can have a ____48____ understanding of English movies. （2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文完整、通顺（每空一词，每词限用一次）。he     if     go     hole     enough     another     strong     in     repair     advice Once upon a time, there was a shepherd. He kept many sheep. ____49____ the day time, he herded (放牧) them outside; at night, he drove them into the sheepfold (羊圈) which was enclosed by dry grass and pegs. One morning, the shepherd ____50____ to herd the sheep and found one sheep lost. He then found that the sheepfold had been broken and there was a big ____51____ . “The wolf must have stolen the sheep through the hole.” He thought. “You’d better ____52____ the sheepfold and mend the hole as soon as possible.” The neighbor advised him. “The sheep has been lost. It’s no use repairing the sheepfold.” He didn’t take the neighbor’s kind ____53____.The next morning, he went to herd and found _____54_____ sheep lost. “The wolf had done it again!” The shepherd was very angry. But this time, he regretted not taking ____55____ neighbor’s advice and not taking action in time. He mended the hole soon, and made the whole sheepfold ____56____ than before. From then on, his sheep didn’t get stolen any more. The shepherd was smart ____57____ to prevent sheep from being stolen by mending the hole of the sheepfold. What would you do ____58____ you made a mistake or did something wrong? Do something to make it up, just as the saying goes, “Better late than never!” （2022·四川资阳·统考中考真题）从方框中选择单词，并用其正确形式填空。每词限用一次。country    we    really    after    song    in    hear    new    show    decideAs a Chinese, you sing or hear the national anthem (国歌) March of the Volunteers many times. But do you ____59____ know how it was born?____60____ 1931, September 18 Incident (九·一八事变) took place. Many Chinese people wanted to fight against Japanese invasion (侵略) and save the ____61____.In 1934, Tian Han ____62____ to write a film script (剧本) to wake up more people. Unluckily, just ____63____ he finished one story and the lyrics (歌词) of a song for it, he was put into prison by KMT (国民党). Then, Nie Er offered to write music for the ____64____. When he read “Arise, you who refuse to be slaves. With our flesh and blood, let us build our ____65____ Great Wall ... March on! March on! March on! On!”, he felt excited. He seemed to ____66____ the call of the mother country and the anger of Chinese nation. Quickly, he finished the music. A song to ____67____ Chinese spirit and Chinese unity (团结) was born in 1935.On October 1, 1949, March of the Volunteers, as ____68____ national anthem, was sung on Tian’anmen Square for the first time. （2022·四川成都·统考中考真题）clear   complete   excite   follow   health   interview   luck   shine   silence   ten   touch   well When the other models appeared on the stage, the audience cheered and clapped. Then it was Niu’s turn. The audience suddenly became __69__. However, after four or five seconds, Niu __70__ heard someone next to the stage say in admiration, “So cool!”Niu Yu, 24, became a(n) __71__ star at Shanghai Fashion Week for her confidence, even though she was wearing a prosthetic leg. When Niu was only 11, she __72__ lost her right leg during the Wenchuan Earthquake. Niu has won lots of praise. This gives those who have prejudice(偏见) against the disabled a hit on the nose. “I __73__ by something they said. They said the traditional view was that sports were for people with __74__ legs, but sports should be a kind of spirit. Even though I have lost a leg, I still deeply love sports and will do so forever,” Niu said. Actually, Niu first drew the public's attention when she __75__ a marathon—a 42-kilometer race in 2018, which was held in Wenchuan to mark the __76__ anniversary(周年纪念) of the earthquake. Now, Niu works as a photographer and has more than 850, 000 __77__ on social platforms, such as Douyin. “I feel I have a social responsibility to bridge the disabled and the public. Showing my life to the public can allow them to ___78___ understand our group and can also tell other disabled people that our society is more tolerant(宽容) than they imagined,” she explained. （2022·四川泸州·统考中考真题）通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从短文后面的括号内选出可以填入短文空格处的词，并将该词的字母代号（不写出该词）填写在答题卡相应的位置上。Night came, noises calmed down and the Mexican sports center of the Olympics stood quiet in darkness. Greenspan, the world famous reporter, found the center ___79___ after making the scenes where the marathon（马拉松）winners received the medals and marked the victory. It was time for him to return to the hotel for a rest. He was about to leave when he suddenly saw a bandaged man ran into the center with his right ___80___ bleeding. This man ran lamely（一瘸一拐的）out of breath, but he didn’t ___81___. After he ran along the runway for a circle and got to the ___82___, he fell down on the ground. Greenspan guessed this was a marathon runner. Feeling interested, he went over to ask why the runner wanted to run to the goal with ___83___ a difficulty. The young man ___84___ Kowari from Tanzania replied, “That my country sent me here from more than 20,000 kilometers is not to let me get off the mark in the competition, but to make me complete the game. I want to run to the goal, ___85___ I have fallen behind all other runners. I have a great goal ___86___ them. I will run to the goal. Though the audience（观众）won’t cheer me any more, my motherland is watching me ___87___ from behind…”Tears welled up in Greenspan’s eyes. Soon, he ___88___ the most touching scene in the history of the Olympic Games to every corner of the world. （A．called   B．closely  C．leg   D．empty   E. goal  F. like  G. stop  H. spread  I. such  J. though） （2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）阅读短文，用方框中所给词或短语的正确形式填空，使文章通顺、连贯、合理。（每空只能填一个单词或一个短语，每个单词或短语限用一次）achieve     I     climb     much     think about     height     sad     naturalIt was nearly dark. The sun was going down. A little boy, Mike, came back home ____89____ from the mountain.“What’s the matter, Mike?” his mother asked.“The mountain is so ____90____ and full of big or small stones on the way. I was very tired, so I had to return,” Mike cried.“It doesn’t matter.” his mother said.“But standing at the top of the mountain by ____91____ is a dream from childhood (童年)!” Mike said.His father came up. “What did you notice when ____92____ up the mountain? “There were a lot of beautiful flowers by the sides of the road.” Mike replied.“Did you feel the beauty of ____93____?” his father asked.Mike ____94____ the question for a while.“Yes, the blue sky the white clouds and the green trees.” Mike answered.“That’s enough!” his father smiled and said. “Please remember, Son. The beautiful scenery (风景) is on the way. You have ____95____ a lot although you didn’t reach the top of the mountain. It is one of the ____96____ valuable lessons in your life”. （2022·吉林·统考中考真题）从方框中选择正确选项，完成短文，其中有两个选项是多余的。A．see  B．worse  C．king  D．also   E. better   F. so   G. popular   H. persons   I. if    J. another   K. cultures   L. hope2022 is the Year of the Tiger in China. Tigers are very ____97____ not only in China but also in Western countries. Would you like to learn something about tigers in different ____98____?In Chinese culture, the tiger plays an important role. It is the ____99____ of all animals. It often reminds people of power, bravery and protection. It’s said that the ____100____ who are born in the Year of the Tiger are brave and strong. You can ____101____ the pictures of tigers on the walls of houses. That is because the owners ____102____ to keep away from bad things.In Western cultures, tigers are ____103____ very powerful animals in people’s eyes. In English, ____104____ you want someone to keep his cool, you can say “easy tiger”. There is ____105____ phrase “eye of the tiger”, which means fierceness (凶猛) and strength. However, in some Western countries, a tiger is not seen as the strongest one of all animals, but a lion is.Now, you may understand tigers ____106____. Isn’t it amazing?