【中考二轮复习】2023年英语高频考点汇编——学案12 定语从句（解析+原卷版）

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考点扫描☆聚焦中考
分析近6年中考真题可知，定语从句为中考的高频考点，在单项选择和完形填空中均有考查，且均考查定语从句的关系词。所考查关系词包括：that、which、wh、 whse、 where。考生在解答此类试题时，要分析语境判断关系词.
①that作主语、宾语，先行词是人或物。
②which作主语、宾语，先行词是物。
③wh作主语、宾语/whm作宾语，先行词是人。
④whse作定语，先行词是人或物。
⑤只能使用that的特殊情况。
高频考点一：定语从句关系代词或关系副词的具体用法。
1. wh指人（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。注意：关系代词wh指人,作宾语时，可用whm代替；作宾语时，关系代词可省略。作其它成分，关系代词则不能省略。
2. whse指人，也可指物。在定语从句中作定语。
3. which指物（也可用that），在定语从句中作主语，也可作宾语。如：
高频考点二：关系代词whm, which在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词与定语从句之间。如：
That is the place in which I lived fr five years.
=That is the place which / that I lived in fr five years.
那就是我住过五年的地方。
Mr Zhang is the man fr whm I am lking.
=Mr Zhang is the man wh / whm / that I am lking fr.
张先生就是我正在找的那个人。
高频考点三：具体使用关系代词或关系副词需要注意的问题。
1.先行词是地点时，如果该先行词做了定语从句的主语或宾语时，关系代词用that或which.
2.只用that，不用which的情况。
3. 只用which，不用that的情况。
考点剖析☆名师点拨
高频考点剖析一：关系代词的作用和用法
1.关系代词的作用有三个:
(1)连接作用:关系代词引导从句，把从句和主句连接起来。
(2)替代作用:关系代词在从句中替代它前面的先行词。
(3)成分作用:关系代词在从句中总是充当句子成分。
2.关系代词的基本用法:
3.关系代词wh /that , whm /that和whse的用法
在定语从句中作主语时，用wh /that，不可省略。
先行词指人 在定语从句中作宾语时，用whm /wh /that，可以省略。
在定语从句中作定语时，用whse，相当于f whm，不可省略。
【典例】①This is the scientist achievement(成就)are well knwn.(这就是那位成就卓著的科学家。)
【典例】② She is the wman lives next dr.(她就是住在隔壁的妇女。)
【典例】③That is the by I teach.(那是我教的那个男孩。)
【思路点拨】:首先确定被修饰的名词(先行词)在定语从句中的作用(句子成分)，再根据语法成分确定关系代词。
①关系代词whse在从句中作定语，相当于替代the scientist's(科学家的成就)。
②关系代词在从句中作主语。
③关系代词在从句中作teach的宾语。
【方法技巧】作为关系代词，that用法灵活，既可以替代指人的先行词，也可以替代指物的先行词;既可替代单数的先行词，也可替代复数的先行词。当that在定语从句中作主语时，注意谓语动词既可能是单数，也可能是复数。
高频考点剖析二：that和which的特殊用法及“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句
1.下列情况下，先行词指人时，只能用wh引导，不用that。
(1)先行词是指人的不定代词。
(2)there be结构中，先行词指人时，多用wh。
(3)在非限定性定语从句中，先行词指人，且作主语时用wh。
2.下列情况下，先行词指物，只能用which引导，不能用that。
(1)当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，不用that。
(2)先行词本身就是that时，只用which，不用that。
3.下列情况下，先行词指物或指人时，只能用that引导，不能用which。
(1)当先行词是指物的不定代词all, little, few, much, everything, anything, nthing, nne, sme等时。
(2)当先行词前面有the nly, the very(恰恰，正好)，any, every, sme, n, all, few, little, much, the right, the last, just等词修饰时。
(3)当先行词是形容词最高级或先行词的前面有形容词最高级修饰时。
(4)当先行词是序数词或它前面有序数词修饰时。
(5)主句是there be句型且关系词在从句中作主语时，用that不用which引导。
(6)当主句的主语是疑问词wh或which时。
(7)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时。
(8)当先行词既有指人的又有指物的时。
【典例】①人们都喜欢那些有礼貌的人。
Peple all like thse have gd manners.
【典例】②有一些想去海南度假的人。
There are sme peple want t have a hliday in Hainan.
【思路点拨】:考查关系代词的特殊用法。先行词为指人的不定代词时，关系代词用wh; there be句型中先行词指人时，关系代词也用wh 。
【思路点拨】:①牢记这些使用关系代词的规则，复杂的定语从句就简单了。
②当先行词在从句中作主语时，注意主谓要一致。
知识归纳
指人的不定代词有:ne, nes, anyne, n ne, thse, all nbdy, anybdy, nne等。
易错警示
在有固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分离，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如:(误)This is the bk fr which I'm lking.
高频考点剖析三：关系副词的用法
(1)当关系词在定语从句中作状语时，要用关系副词。其中when =表时间的介词(如:in, at, n, during等)+which ; where=表地点的介词(如:in, at, n, under等)+which; why=表原因的介词(如:fr)+which。
(2) where /when=介词+关系代词(which )。有时为表达清楚，还可以在关系副词where /when前加介词frm或t等。
【典例】(1)我还记得第一次来北京的那一天。
I still remember the day I first came t Beijing.
【典例】(2)我永远不会忘记我在北京度过的那些日子。
I'll never frget the days I spent in Beijing.
【思路点拨】:(1)先行词是the day，将它代入定语从句中是:I first came t Beijing n the day. the day在从句中作时间状语，关系词应为表示时间的关系副词when, when=n which。
(2)先行词为the days，在定语从句中作spent的宾语。
(3)先行词为the ffice，在从句中作地点状语，即he wrks in the ffice，所以ffice后要用表示地点的关系副词where ( = in which ) 。
(4) the reasn在定语从句中作原因状语，即he is absent fr the reasn，关系词要用表示原因的关系副词why(=fr which) 。
(5)先行词是the birthplace，在从句中作地点状语，由于它和关系词被f kites分割开了，为了表达清楚需要在关系副词前加介词frm。
【典例】(1) Have yu sent thank-yu ntes t the relatives frm yu received gifts?
A. which B. them C. that D. whm
【典例】(2) I wish t thank Prfessr Smith, withut help I wuld never have gt this far.
A. wh B. whse C. whm D. which
在(1),(2)题中先行词同为表示时间的名词the day，但是由于它们在从句中所承担的句子成分不同，所以关系词也不同。
【方法技巧】
首先分清主句和从句。再确定从句中的先行词。其次是把先行词代回定语从句中去看它在从句中充当什么句子成分。最后根据先行词在从句中的作用确定关系词。
考点过关☆专项突破
1．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·校考一模）—What d yu think f the muntain climbers?
—I lk up t them very much. The spirit f the climbers ________ shws us that humans can be strnger tells us nt t give up.
A．whichB．f whmC．wh
2．（2022·新疆伊犁·校考一模）—Hw d yu like the mvie tnight, Tny?
—It is the mst interesting mvie ________ I have ever seen.
A．whenB．thatC．whatD．wh
3．（2022·甘肃定西·统考一模）The tall man ________ wears a new cat is ur new English teacher.
A．whB．whseC．whatD．which
4．（2022·湖北十堰·统考一模）—D yu like the weekly talk shw, The Reader, n CCTV?
—Sure. It’s the mst ppular TV prgram ________ brings the habit f reading back int the public.
A．whichB．whC．thatD．what
5．（2022·江苏常州·校考二模）—D yu like the weekly shw, The Reader, n CCTV?
—Sure. It’s a prgramme ________ brings the habit f reading back int the public.
A．whB．thatC．whatD．whm
6．（2022·广西贵港·统考三模）—D yu knw the wman ________ wears a blue skirt?
—Oh, she is my aunt.
A．whichB．whatC．whD．whm
7．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考三模）—D yu like the weekly talk shw, The Reader, n TV?
—Sure. It’s a great TV prgramme __________ brings the habit f reading back int the public.
A．whatB．thatC．whD．whm
8．（2022·山东青岛·校联考一模）When Rbinsn Cruse gt t the island, the first thing ________ he did was t lk fr sme fd.
A．whB．whmC．thatD．which
9．（2022·江苏徐州·校考三模）Chaka Salt Lake ________ is knwn as Mirrr f the Sky interests mre and mre turists.
A．whereB．whichC．whD．when
10．（2022·广西钦州·统考二模）This is the new car ________ my sister bught yesterday.
A．whB．whatC．which
11．（2022·吉林长春·校考模拟预测）The bk ________ yu lent me is really exciting and interesting.
A．whB．whichC．whatD．it
12．（2022·山西太原·山西大附中校考模拟预测）—Mst peple ________ watched 315 Evening Gala n CCTV began t fcus n the safety f many things, such as fd, tys and even their bank cards.
—Yes. Especially when I saw my favrite “latansuancai” I was shcked greatly.
A．whB．whichC．when
13．（2022·四川达州·统考一模）Peter and his car ________ disappeared mysteriusly in Lndn in 1987 appeared mysteriusly in New Yrk in 1993.
A．whatB．whichC．\D．that
14．（2022·福建厦门·福建省同安第一中学校考模拟预测）Nwadays, Gu Ailing seems t be the mst ppular idl in China ________ helps peple develp the hbby f skiing.
A．whB．whereC．which
15．（2022·吉林长春·吉林大学附属中学校考模拟预测）The three Shenzhu-13 astrnauts ________ had cmpleted their space tasks well returned t the earth safely and successfully n 16th April.
A．whatB．whichC．whD．whm
16．（2022·四川成都·统考模拟预测）—Please say smething abut yur English teacher.
—Oh! He is a teacher ________ has sense f humr.
A．whB．whmC．whse
17．（2022·吉林长春·东北师大附中校考模拟预测）We lk up t the great scientist called Yuan Lngping ________ was a her in ur hearts frever.
A．whichB．whC．whseD．whm
18．（2022·四川成都·校考二模）—D yu knw where Lily’s birthday party is ging t be held?
—It will be held in a restaurant ________ can hld 200 peple.
A．whereB．whatC．which
19．（2022·吉林长春·校考模拟预测）We have been inspired by a speech ________ was given by Ivy! Nw we are full f hpe and passin.
A．whB．whereC．itD．which
20．（2022·吉林长春·东北师大附中校考一模）The WWF is an rganizatin ________ saves the animals in danger.
A．whereB．whatC．thatD．wh
21．（2022·吉林长春·校考三模）It's hard t say gdbye t Bing Dwen Dwen ________ is ppular with peple f different ages.
A．thatB．whseC．whatD．where
22．（2022·内蒙古兴安盟·统考一模）The wman ________ is the mst imprtant in my life is my mther.
A．whichB．whC．whmD．what
23．（2022·江苏宿迁·统考三模）The wman ________ is the mst imprtant in my life is my mther.
A．whmB．whatC．whichD．wh
24．（2022·山东滨州·统考二模）Culd yu tell me the result f the discussin ________ yu had made in the meeting just nw?
A．whB．whenC．hwD．that
25．（2022·湖北十堰·校考一模）—D yu knw wh Su Bingtian is?
—Yes, he is a famus runner ________ set the new Asian recrd f 9.83 secnd in men’s 100-meter race at the 2020 Tky Olympics.
A．whB．whmC．whseD．which
26．（2022·湖北鄂州·校考二模）—These days, many kids are very interested in the sng Lnely Warrirs. Why?
—Maybe they think it’s a sng ________ has great lyrics and rhrhythm.
A．whichB．whC．whereD．what
27．（2022·四川成都·四川省成都市七中育才学校校考二模）The 19th Asian Games ________ theme is Heart t Heart, @ Future will be held in Hangzhu.
A．whB．whseC．which
28．（2022·广西柳州·统考模拟预测）Is this university ________ yur elder brther will chse this year?
A．whereB．thatC．the ne
29．（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·统考三模）— D yu like the nvel?
— Yes, I d. It is the first ne ________ I have read three times.
A．whB．whenC．thatD．this
30．（2022·湖南株洲·统考一模）Amy Hayes lives in a huse in the UK ________ she built herself ut f rubbish.
A．thatB．whC．where