主谓一致（含答案）——【中考二轮专题复习】2023年英语知识点专题精讲精练学案

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主谓一致 考点一 主谓一致语法一致原则使用情况例句“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、v- ing形式(短语)、从句”等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.The girl is fond of singing．Reading is learning．What he said is right.表示可数名词复数、代词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 .The students are having their Chinese class．both...and...连接主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.both Peter and Mike come from England．只有复数形式的名词(glasses,shorts,trousers,jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式.Jack’s glasses are broken． Linda’s shoes are black and blue．不定代词another, each one,either,neither,the  other,       somebody,someone,something,nobody,everybody,everyone,  everything,nothing,anything, anyone,no one等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 .Something is wrong with my computer．I called you last night, but nobody was in．Nobody believes it.“分数或百分数＋名词”作主语或“a lot of/lots of, plenty of, most of＋名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式与名词保持一致 .Two thirds of the work has been finished．Most of the books are written in English． 意义一致原则使用情况例句某些集体名词(family, class, team, group等)指整体时,谓语动词用单数形式; 如果指集体中的成员时,谓语动词用复数形式 .His family isn’t large． His family are watching sports games．某些名词(如people, police等)形式上是单数,但 意义上是复数,因此谓语动词常用复数形式 .The police are searching for the murder．以-ics结尾的学科名称,如physics(物理) ,politics(政治)等,以及news(消息)作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式.Physics is my favorite subject．No news is good news．“the＋某些形容词”可以表示一类人,作主语时,谓 语动词用复数形式 .The young are energetic．某些代词或短语如half(of), the rest(of)等作主语时,谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数.Half of the work has been finished．Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time．表示时间、重量、距离、金钱等的复数名词、短语作 主语时, 常将其看作一个整体,谓语动词常用单数形式.Two months is a long holiday．Ten yuan is enough．The number of+复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用单数。A number of+复数名词做主语时，谓语动词用复数。 The number of boys in our class is 25.The number of boys are playing basketball on the playground. 就近一致原则使用情况例句由not only...but also..., either...or..., neither...nor...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词常与靠近它的主语在人称和数上保持一致 .Neither you nor he is wrong．Not only Jim but also his friends areEnjoying the film．在there be句型中,如果有两个或两个以上的主语时, 动词be的数一般依据就近一致原则,与靠近它的主 语在数上保持一致 .There are two plates and a fork on the plate．There is an orange and two pears in the basket． 就远一致原则主语后面跟with, together with, along with, as well as, including, but, except, besides,rather than等词或短语时, 谓语动词的数与离它较远的主语数保持一致.A teacher, together with some students, is standing at the gate．   主谓一致(1)1.Either the students or the teacher_____ him very well. A.knows  B.to know  C.know D.knew2.Each of us_____ a life goal, which will guide us to a bright future. A.has  B.have  C.will have  D.had3.The scientist and inventor _____famous around the world at present. A.are  B.was   C.were   D.is4.Neither my sister nor I_____ been to Xi'an before. A.have never  B.have ever  C.has never    D.has ever5.Not only Jack but also I______ crazy about the football match. A.am  B.is   C.are  D.be6.Peter with his classmates______ for the bus when the earthquake happened. A.is waiting   B.was waiting   C.are waiting   D.were waiting7.—The number of tourists _____over 33 million this year. —Yes. A large number of tourists_____ so far because of the new look of our city. is; have come  B.is; has come  C.are; has come  D.are; have come8.—People,especially the young, _____by their friends. —That's true.Friends play an important part in everyone's life.A.easily influences     B.is easily influencedC.are easily influenced  D.influenced easily9.One of my friends _____moved to America. I miss her so much. A.has   B.have    C.are   D.is10._____of students in our class_____going to the summer camp in Beijing next week.Two fifths; is   B. Second fifths; are   C. Second fifths; is  D. Two fifths; are
11. —What’s in the picture on the wall?    —There __________ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.   has      B. are         C. is        D. have12.—The number of tourists____ over 33 million this year. —Yes.A large number of tourists_____so far because of the new look of our city. A.is; have come B.is; has come  C.are; has come13.—How many _____doctors are there in your hospital, David? — ______them _____over one hundred. A.woman; The number of; isB.women; A number of; areC.women; The number of; is14.Everyone_____ in my class except Tom and Mary to Beijing. A.have been B.have gone C.has been15.-Listen! There ____ someone___at the door.-It must be your brother.is,knocking   B.is,knock C.are,knocking D.are,knock  【参考答案】语法综合演练 1.A　考查主谓一致及一般现在时。分析句子结构可知此句缺少谓语动词,讲述客观情况用一般现在时;either…or…连接两个主语时谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,the teacher是单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式,故选A。2.A　考查主谓一致和时态。主句的主语Each of us是单数,谓语动词应该用has。故选A。3.D4.B　考查主谓一致及副词辨析。neither…nor…意为“既不……也不……”,它连接两个并列成分在句中作主语的时候,后面的动词遵循“就近原则”,又因neither…nor…表示否定,而never也表示否定,二者不能重复。故选B。5.A　考查主谓一致。not only…but also…连接两个并列的主语时,谓语动词遵循“就近原则”,此句靠近谓语的主语是I,所以动词用am。故选A。6.B　考查过去进行时和主谓一致。动作发生在过去具体的时间点或时间段内,要用过去进行时。with短语表伴随,所以句子的主语是Peter。故选B。7.A　考查主谓一致。the number of意为“……的数量”,作主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式;a large number of 意为“许多的;大量的”,后跟可数名词复数,作主语时,其后的谓语动词用复数形式。故选A。8.C　考查主谓一致及被动语态。句中主语People与谓语动词influence之间是被动关系,应用被动语态;而且People表示复数,谓语动词也用复数形式。故选C。9.A　考查主谓一致。One of my friends“我的一个朋友”是第三人称单数。故选A。10. D【解析】句意：我们班五分之二的学生打算下周去北京参加夏令营。表达分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词，因此五分之二的表达应该是two fifths，排除B、C；分数后面的名词为复数名词students，根据主谓一致的原则，只能用are，故答案选D。11. C 【解析】there be句型表示某地有某物，用此句型不能再由have；此句型有个就近原则，be动词的选择取决于与之挨着的名词。名词的可数名词单数或者是不可数名词的话就用is，是复数名词用are。根据句中的a teacher可以判断be动词用is。故选C。12.A　考查主谓一致。固定用法:the number of意为“……的数量”,作主语时,其后的谓语动词用单数形式;a large number of 意为“许多的;大量的”,后跟可数名词复数作主语时,谓语用复数形式。故选A。13.C　第一个空作定语修饰doctors。man,woman等名词作定语时,要与后面的名词在数上保持一致,可先排除A项;由疑问词how many可知答语应为医生的数量,“the number of+可数名词的复数”作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。故选C。14.C　考查主谓一致。该句主语为不定代词everyone, 不定代词作主语,看作单数。故选C。15.A  考查固定搭配。There be+sb/sth doing的结构。 主谓一致(2)1.Eighty percent of the students_____ in this school three to five times a week. A.exercises  B.exercise  C.exercising2.Either the students or the teacher____ him very well. A.knows  B.to know  C.know3.—What's in the picture on the wall?—There_____ a teacher and some students playing soccer on the playground.  A.has   B.are  C.is4.Mr. Wang together with his wife____ a walk after dinner. A.enjoys taking   B.enjoy taking  C.enjoys to take5.Neither my sister nor I____ been to Xi'an before. A.have never  B.have ever  C.has never6.Not only you but also I ____interested in the cartoon called Peppa Pig. A.am  B.is  C.are7.Peter with his classmates____ for the bus when the earthquake happened. A.is waiting  B.was waiting   C.are waiting8.The number of the students_____ over 2,000 in our school. A.is  B.are  C.was9.Three years______ and we've made so many friends during our junior high school. A.has passed  B.has past  C.have passed10.Both Lily and Lucy ____to the party yesterday, but they didn't come at all. A.were invited    B.was invited   C.invited11.Eating too much junk food____ not good for our health. A.am   B.is   C.are12.The singer and actor___ very friendly. A.seem   B.seemed  C.seems13.The poor____ given a lot of everyday things. A.has been  B.have been   C.has14.The Greens_____ decided to buy a new house near Meixi Lake. A.has  B.have  C.are15.This pair of shoes _____comfortable and you can have a try. A.is  B.am   C.are     【参考答案】1.B2.A3.C　考查there be 句型。there be 句型遵循就近原则,和be靠近的是a teacher,是单数形式,因此be动词应用is。故选C。4.A5.B6.A　考查主谓一致。not only…but also连接并列的主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,即靠近动词的主语决定谓语动词的形式。根据空格前面的主语I可知be动词要用am。故选A。7.B　考查过去进行时和主谓一致。动作发生在过去具体的时间点或时间段内,要用过去进行时。with短语表伴随,所以,句子的主语是Peter,故答案选B。8.A9.A10.A11.B12.C13.B14.B15.A