第1讲 阅读理解命题规律解析——【高考二轮专题复习】2023年高考英语阅读理解专题精讲精练学案（含解析）

这是一份第1讲 阅读理解命题规律解析——【高考二轮专题复习】2023年高考英语阅读理解专题精讲精练学案（含解析），共17页。PPT课件主要包含了阅读理解命题规律解析，◎命题规律，◎命题趋势，◎备考建议，◎解题原则及解题步骤，◎真题演练一，段落大意题，细节理解题，推理判断题，◎真题演练等内容，欢迎下载使用。

第一讲 阅读理解命题规律解析
大数据1　2019~2022年全国Ⅰ卷题型统计分析
◎2019-2022高考英语阅读理解大数据分析
大数据2　2019~2022年体裁及主题分布分析
1.文章出处：英文原版书籍；国外期刊网站。2.体裁特点:考查全面,体裁题材以说明文为主, 应用文、记叙文为辅，偶尔考议论文。3.题型特点:题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,以主旨大意题和词句猜测题为辅。3.主题语境:以人与社会为主，以人与自我、人与自然为辅。4. 能力考查:文章信息量大,语篇含有多处结构复杂的长难句,对考生的阅读速度和快速处理信息的能力要求很高。从语言能力、文化意识、思维品质及学习能力四个方面对学生的核心素养进行综合考察。
1. 预计2023年高考阅读理解的难易度仍会保持稳定, 总体稳定, 稳中求变; 题材各异, 体裁多样; 角度趋稳,设问科学。2. 题型仍会以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,兼顾主旨大意题和词句猜测题。
考生要加强对阅读速度及理解准确度的训练，并要重视向长文阅读的发展
解答阅读理解最基本的原则——忠于原文，在把握文章主题语境及主旨大意的基础上，根据题干在原文中找到确定正确选项的依据，即有理有据, 不能主观臆断（注意：一定要把答案出处在文章中画出来）解题步骤：在理解文章主旨大意的基础上一定、二找、三比较一定：读题干，定关键词 二找：利用关键词，结合命题顺序，在文中找到信息句三比较：将信息与选项比较，选出正确答案。
正确的答案的特征： 1.与主题吻合 2. 同义替换 3. 语气委婉，不绝对化 4. 正确答案常出现在两首（首段各段首句）两尾（尾段及各段尾句）转折词后(如but/yet/hwever/nw等) 及特殊符号处错误选项的特征：1. 无中生有 2. 以偏概全 3. 偷换概念 4. 过度推理 5. 常识干扰 6. 绝对化
1. What is the first paragraph mainly abut?A. Sydney’s striking architecture.B. The cultural diversity f Sydney.C. The key t Sydney’s develpment. D. Sydney’s turist attractins in the 1960s.2. What can we learn abut Andrew Reynlds?A. He ges t wrk by bat. B. He lks frward t a new life.C. He pilts catamarans well. D. He is attached t the ld ferries.3. What des Shirley Fitzgerald think f Sydney?A. It is lsing its traditins. B. It shuld speed up its prgress.C. It shuld expand its ppulatin.D. It is becming mre internatinal.4. Which statement will the authr prbably agree with?A. A city can be yung and ld at the same time.B. A city built n ancient cultures is mre dynamic.C. Mdernity is usually achieved at the cst f elegance.D. Cmprmise shuld be made between the lcal and the freign.
Smetime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discvered its harbr. Then, ne after anther, Sydney discvered lts f things that were just srt f there—brad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse ppulatin. But it is the harbr that makes the city. Andrew Reynlds, a cheerful fellw in his early 30s, pilts Sydney ferrybats fr a living. I spent the whle mrning shuttling back and frth acrss the harbr. After ur third run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways—he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city. “I miss these ld bats,” he said as we parted. “Hw d yu mean?” I asked. “Oh, they’re replacing them with catamarans.Catamarans are faster, but they’re nt s elegant, and they’re nt fun t pilt. But that’s prgress, I guess.”
2022年全国甲卷 D篇 题材： 主题：
作者通过陈述不同人的观点讨论了悉尼在发展的过程中是否应该摒弃旧的传统。
Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and prgress are the watchwrds (口号), and traditins are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald, the city’s fficial histrian, tld me that in its rush t mdernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much f its past, including many f its finest buildings. “Sydney is cnfused abut itself,” she said.“We can’t seem t make up ur minds whether we want a mdern city r a traditinal ne.It’s a cnflict that we aren’t getting any better at reslving(解决).” On the ther hand, being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins. I cnsidered this when I met a thughtful yung businessman named Anthny. “Many peple say that we lack culture in this cuntry,” he tld me.“What peple frget is that the Italians,when they came t Australia,brught 2000 years f their culture,the Greeks sme 3000 years,and the Chinese mre still.We’ve gt a fundatin built n ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism f a yung cuntry.It’s a pretty hard cmbinatin t beat.” He is right, but I can’t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过陈述不同人的观点讨论了悉尼在发展的过程中是否应该摒弃一些旧的传统。1.C　段落大意题。根据文章第一段第二句“The city discvered its harbr.”以及最后一句“But it is the harbr that makes the city.”可知,第一段主要讲了悉尼发展的关键。故选C项。2.D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I?ll miss these ld bats”和第五段第二句的“Catamarans are faster,but they?re nt s elegant,and they?re nt fun t pilt.”可知,Andrew喜爱(be attached t)这些旧的渡船(ferries)。故选D项。3.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段第二句“ swept aside much f its past...”可知,它丢掉了传统的东西。故选A项。4.A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的“being yung and ld at the same time has its attractins”和最后一段“He is right,but I can?t help wishing they wuld keep thse ld ferries.”可知,作者赞同Anthny的观点,认为一座城市可以同时既年轻又古老。故选A项。
5. Why d the researchers develp the smart keybard? A. T reduce pressure n keys. B. T imprve accuracy in typing C. T replace the passwrd system. D. T cut the cst f e-space prtectin.6. What makes the inventin f the smart keybard pssible？ A. Cmputers are much easier t perate. B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develp fast. C. Typing patterns vary frm persn t persn. D. Data security measures are guaranteed.7. What d the researchers expect f the smart keybard？ A. It’ll be envirnment-friendly. B. It’ll reach cnsumers sn. C. It’ll be made f plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.8. Where is this text mst likely frm? A. A diary. B.A guidebk C. A nvel. D. A magazine.
As data and identity theft becmes mre and mre cmmn, the market is grwing fr bimetric（生物测量）technlgies—like fingerprint scans—t keep thers ut f private e-spaces. At present, these technlgies are still expensive, thugh. Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device（装置）that gets arund this prblem: a smart keybard. This smart keybard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which ne types and the pressure fingers apply t each key. The keybard culd ffer a strng layer f security by analyzing things like the frce f a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique t each persn. Thus, the keybard can determine peple’s identities, and by extensin, whether they shuld be given access t the cmputer it's cnnected t—regardless f whether smene gets the passwrd right.
2019年全国1卷C篇 题材： 主题：
文章主要介绍了一种防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的新型智能键盘。
It als desn’t require a new type f technlgy that peple aren't already familiar with. Everybdy uses a keybard and everybdy types differently. In a study describing the technlgy, the researchers had 100 vlunteers type the wrd “tuch”fur times using the smart keybard. Data cllected frm the device culd be used t recgnize different participants based n hw they typed, with very lw errr rates. The researchers say that the keybard shuld be pretty straightfrward t cmmercialize and is mstly made f inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hpes t make it t market in the near future.
【文章大意】本文介绍了一种用智能键盘进行身份识别的技术。5．D【解析】根据第一段的内容，尤其是第二句“At present，these technlgies are still expensive，thugh”可知，现有的生物识别技术价格昂贵。根据第二段的第一句“Researchers frm Gergia Tech say that they have cme up with a lw-cst device（装置）that gets arund this prblem : a smart keybard”可知，同样能够保护私人电子空间的智能键盘成本较低，故选D。6．C【解析】根据第二段的内容可知，智能键盘能够准确地测量人们打字的节奏和力度，而打字模式因人而异，因此，智能键盘通过分析用户的打字模式进行身份识别，故选C。 原文没有信息支撑A、B项，可排除；根据第一段的内容可知，数据和身份盗窃变得越来越普遍，数据安全并未得到保障，故可排除D项。7．B【解析】根据第四段的最后一句“The team hpes t make it t market in the near future”可知，该研究团队希望在不久的将来将智能键盘推向市场，故选B。8．D【解析】本文是一篇科技类说明文，可能出自杂志。diary“日记”；guidebk“旅行指南”；nvel“小说”；magazine“杂志”，故选D。