2023年中考英语一轮复习必考点06 基数词和序数词
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这是一份2023年中考英语一轮复习必考点06 基数词和序数词,共12页。
考点06 基数词和序数词 (2022·辽宁朝阳)—It is Mom’s __________ birthday next Wednesday. What should we do?—What about buying her __________ flowers to show our love?A.forty; forty B.forty; fortieth C.fortieth; forty D.fortieth; fortieth【答案】C【解析】句意:——下周三是妈妈四十岁生日。我们该怎么办?——给她买四十朵花来表达我们的爱怎么样?考查基数词和序数词。第一空是指生日,应用序数词;第二空是表示40朵花,应用基数词,故选C。基数词和序数词用法概览数词的分类:数词分为基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目的多少。序数词表示事物的先后顺序,往往与定冠词the连用。一:基数词(1)0—12单独记。如: zero, one, two, three等。(2)13—19的词尾都是teen。如:fourteen, seventeen等,但13—thirteen,15—fifteen,18—eighteen需要特殊记。(3)20以上的整十的基数词均以ty结尾。20—twenty,30—thirty,40—forty,50—fifty,80—eighty等。(4)"几十几"要加连字符号"-"。48—forty-eight, 97—ninety-seven等。(5)"几百几十"或者"几百几十几"在"百"后加and。156—one hundred and fifty-six, 509—five hundred and nine。(6)四位数或者四位数以上的基数词的拼写规律:用逗号从右往左每三位加一个逗号,第一个逗号读作thousand(千),第二个逗号读作million(百万),第三个逗号读作billion(十亿),hundred后莫忘"and"。3,610=three thousand six hundred and ten;94,295=ninety-four thousand two hundred and ninety-five;二:序数词first 1stsecond 2ndthird 3rdfourth 4thfifth 5thsixth 6thseventh 7theighth 8thninth 9thtenth 10theleventh 11thtwelfth 12ththirteenth 13thfourteenth 14thfifteenth 15thsixteenth 16thseventeenth 17theighteenth 18thnineteenth 19thtwentieth 20thtwenty-first 21sttwenty-second 22ndthirtieth 30thfortieth 40thfiftieth 50thsixtieth 60thseventieth 70theightieth 80thninetieth 90thhundredth 100thone hundred and first 101st(1)"第一"、"第二"、"第三"分别是first, second, third。(2)"第四"到"第十九"除了fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth是特殊的拼写外,其余的都在相应基数词后面加"th"构成。如:fourth。(3)20以上的整十的序数词由相应的基数词变y为i,再加"-eth"。如:thirty→thirtieth; fifty→fiftieth。(4)第一百hundredth; 第一千thousandth; 第一百万millionth。(5)20以上的非整十的基数词变序数词时,只变化个位数。如:twenty-one→twenty-first; one hundred and one→one hundred and first。【助记口诀】基数词变序数词记忆口诀基变序,有规律,词尾加上-th。一,二,三,特殊记,词尾字母t,d,d。八去t,九除e,ve要用f替,ty将y变成i,th前面有个e。若是碰到几十几,前用基来后用序。基础练单项选择1.Tom who is ________ years old chose the ________ problem. At last, he worked it out and won the game.A.nineth, forty B.nine, fortith C.nineteen, fortieth2.It’s my ________ time to come to this museum this year because I can get lots of knowledge there.A.forth B.fourth C.four3.—Victoria has thirty-three sweets. She gives eight of them away. How many sweets does she have left?—________.A.Forty-one B.Thirty C.Fifteen D.Twenty-five4.A year has twelve months, and the ________ month is December.A.twelve B.twenty C.twelfth D.twentieth5.My cousin is ________ years old. Today is his ________ birthday.A.nine; nine B.ninth; ninth C.nine; ninth D.ninth; nine6.My father bought a surprise gift for my grandma’s ________birthday.A.seventy B.seventith C.seventieth D.seventies7.—How many months are there in a year?—There are _________ months in a year and the _________ month is December.A.twelve, twelveth B.twelveth, twelveC.twelfth, twelve D.twelve, twelfth8.In the morning, we usually have ________ classes, and the ________ class is Chinese.A.four; second B.second; four C.fourth; second D.four; two9.—Which is the ________ month of the year? —September.A.twelve B.twelfth C.nine D.ninth10.Linda is ________ years old. And today is her ________ birthday.A.four, four B.four, fourth C.fourth, fourth D.fourth, four
提升练一、用所给单词的正确形式填空1.Sally celebrated her ________ birthday with her family and friends last week. (nine)2.The computer is one of the greatest inventions in the ________ century. (twenty)3.World Cleanup Day is on the ______ (three) Saturday of every September.4.Although my grandfather is in his ________ (eighty), he still works as a volunteer in the society.5.You can take the lift to the ________ floor. I’ll wait for you in Room 509. (five)6.December is the ______________ (twelve) month and it’s also the last month of the year.7.Tom’s father achieved his dream in his _______(forty) through hard work.8.When you visit New York, don't miss Broadway. It has been famous for its theaters since the early ______ century. (twenty)9.Every student in the ________ Grade is working hard to get ready for the high school entrance examination. (nine)10.Alice took part in the World Cup Table Tennis Match and she won the _________ place. (two)二、单项选择 1.—Do you know the man ________ visited the Charity School?—Yes. He is Mr. Li. It is said that it was his ________ visit to the school.A.who; the fifth B.that; the fifth C./; fifth D.who; fifth2.The apartment has ________ floors and Mr. Black lives on ________ floor with his family.A.twelve; the twelve B.twelve; twelfthC.the twelfth; twelve D.twelve; the twelfth3.Kate is ________ years old today, so today is her ________ birthday.A.nine, nine B.ninth, nine C.nine, ninth D.ninth, ninth4.Ten years later, China’s Qieyang Shijie finally got the Olympic gold medal(奖牌). She came ________ in the women’s 20km race walk at the London 2012 Olympics.A.the thirds B.third C.three D.the three5.It was my grandma’s ________ birthday yesterday. We had a big family dinner.A.eighty B.the eightieth C.eighties D.eightieth6.—Which of the three pictures do you like best, Kang Kang? —The ________ picture! I think it’s the most beautiful!A.two B.three C.first D.one7.Li Mei has failed ________ times, but she still keeps looking for a ________ chance.A.three; fourth B.third; four C.third; fourth D.three; four8.—What’s the most important thing in the ________ century? —Health, of course!A.twenty-one B.twentieth-first C.twentieth-one D.twenty-first9.—When is Teachers’ Day?—It comes in September, the ________ month of a year.A.nine B.ninth C.nineth D.ninetieth10.—What should we do now, Mr Clark? —Please turn to Page ________ and look at the ________ picture.A.Twelfth; fifth B.Twelve; fifth C.Twelve; five D.Twelfth; five
真题练1.(2022·山东济南·统考中考真题)The couple have two kids. They are happy that they’ll have the ________ one soon.A.first B.second C.third D.fourth2.(2022·广西百色·中考真题)There are ________ people in the picture, and the ________ one from the left is me.A.eight; third B.eight; three C.eighth; third D.eighth; three3.(2022·甘肃定西·统考中考真题)—This will be my ________ visit to the Great Wall. I’m really excited.—Really? I can’t believe you’ve never been there yet. You arrived in Beijing almost a year ago!A.first B.second C.third D.fourth4.(2022·山东东营·统考中考真题)Dentist: Madam, twenty-five dollars for pulling your son’s tooth, please.Madam: Twenty-five dollars! But you told me five dollars each patient.Dentist: Yes. But your son cried so loud. He scared away (吓跑)________ other patients.A.four B.five C.twenty D.twenty-five5.(2022·青海·统考中考真题)Wang Yaping becomes ________ female taikonaut to work in China’s space station.A.one B.first C.the first6.(2022·西藏·统考中考真题)The ________ day of October is National Day.A.one B.two C.first D.second7.(2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题)—I have been to Mount Fanjing three times. What about you?—I have been there three times, too. And I would like to visit it a ______ time.A.three B.third C.four D.fourth8.(2022·湖北·统考中考真题)—It’s ________ birthday of CCYL (中国共青团) this year, isn’t it?—Yes, it is. We had a party for it.A.100 B.100s C.100’s D.the 100th
基础练1.C【详解】句意:十九岁的汤姆选择了第四十道题。最后,他算出了答案,赢得了比赛。考查数词。第一个空表示“……岁”,用基数词表示年龄,故排除A;第二个空前有“the”,说明是序数词,forty的序数词时fortieth。故选C。2.B【详解】句意:这是我今年第四次来这个博物馆了,因为我可以在那里学到很多知识。考查序数词。forth向前,副词;fourth第四,序数词;four四,基数词。根据“my ... time”可知此处表示第四次,序数词表顺序。故选B。3.D【详解】句意:——维多利亚有33个糖果。她送出了8颗。她还剩下多少颗糖果?——25颗。考查数字运算。Forty-one 41;Thirty 30;Fifteen 15;Twenty-five 25。根据“She gives eight of them away.”可知,她送出了8颗,因此应用减法运算。总数33减去8等于25。故选D。4.C【详解】句意:一年有十二个月,第十二个月是十二月。考查词义辨析。twelve十二;twenty二十;twelfth第十二;twentieth第二十。根据“December”可知, 应该是”第十二月”,用序数词作定语。故选C。5.C【详解】句意:我的表弟九岁。今天是他九岁的生日。考查数词辨析。nine九,基数词;ninth第九,序数词。根据“years”可知第一空应填基数词,而由“birthday”可知第二空应填序数词,故选C。6.C【详解】句意:我爸爸为我奶奶的七十大寿买了一个惊喜礼物。考查数词辨析。seventy七十,基数词;seventith错误单词;seventieth第七十,序数词;seventies七十,复数。根据“birthday”可知此处应用序数词,故选C。7.D【详解】句意:——一年有几个月?——一年中有十二个月,第十二个月是十二月。考查基数词和序数词。twelve“十二”,是基数词;twelfth“第十二”,是序数词。AB选项的序数词形式错误,排除;第一空是指十二个月,应用基数词,第二空是指第十二个月,应用序数词。故选D。8.A【详解】句意:早上,我们通常有四节课,第二节课是语文课。考查基数词和序数词。four四,是基数词;second第二,是序数词;fourth第四,是序数词;two二,是基数词。第一空根据“classes”可知应用基数词four;第二空根据“class”可知应用序数词second。故选A。9.D【详解】句意:——哪一个月是一年中的第九个月? ——九月。考查序数词。twelve十二,基数词;twelfth第十二,序数词;nine九,基数词;ninth第九,序数词。 根据“the”和单数名词“month”可判断空处应用序数词表示顺序;根据“September.”可知答语为“九月”,所以推断问句是询问第九个月是哪个月,ninth“第九”。故选D。10.B【详解】句意:Linda四岁了。今天是她的四岁生日。考查数词。第一个空表示“四岁”,用基数词four;第二个空表示“四岁的生日”,用序数词fourth。故选B。 提升练一、1.ninth【详解】句意:莎莉上周和她的家人和朋友庆祝了她的九岁生日。nine“九”。根据“her”和“birthday”可知,空格处应用一个序数词,表示“她的第九个生日”,“第九”ninth。故填ninth。2.twentieth【详解】句意:计算机是二十世纪最伟大的发明之一。twenty“二十”,是基数词。空后是可数名词单数,所以应用序数词twentieth“第二十”。故填twentieth。3.third【详解】句意:世界清洁日是在每年九月的第三个星期六。根据“on the…Saturday”可知此处应用three的序数词third来表示“第三个”。故填third。4.eighties【详解】句意:虽然我爷爷已经八十多岁了,但他仍然在社会上做志愿者。“in one’s+整十基数词复数”表示“在某人几十岁的时候”,eighty的复数形式eighties。故填eighties。5.fifth【详解】句意:你可以乘电梯到五楼。我在509房间等你。根据“You can take the lift to the…floor”可知,此处指第五层,用序数词表顺序,故填fifth。6.twelfth【详解】句意:十二月是第十二个月,也是一年中的最后一个月。空格处表示顺序,应用序数词,twelve“十二”,基数词,其序数词是twelfth。故填twelfth。7.forties【详解】句意:汤姆的父亲在四十多岁时通过努力工作实现了他的梦想。in+one’s+逢十的基数词的复数形式,表示约指的年龄,故此空应填forty的复数形式forties,故填forties。8.twentieth【详解】句意:当你参观纽约时,不要错过百老汇。自从20世纪早期,它因为剧院而出名。根据定冠词the和单数名词century可知此处用序数词表示顺序,此处用twentieth表示“第二十”。故答案为twentieth。9.ninth【详解】句意:九年级的每一个学生都在努力为中考做好准备。根据空后的单数名词Grade“年级”,可知此处用nine的序数词ninth;九年级的表达方式为the ninth Grade或Grade nine,故答案为ninth。 10.second【详解】句意:爱丽丝参加了世界杯乒乓球比赛,获得了第二名。基数词表示数量,序数词表示事物的先后顺序,序数词前面要加定冠词the。本句表示顺序,可知使用序数词,;two:二,基数词,其序数词是second;故填second。【点睛】修饰名词的序数词前有形容词物主代词(像my/our/your/his/her/its/their)、指示代词(this/that/these/those)、名词所有格(例如Tom’s)修饰,不能使用定冠词the。例如:This is my first bike.二、1.D【详解】句意:——你认识那个参观慈善学校的人吗? ——是的。他是李先生。据说这是他第五次来学校。 考查定语从句关系代词的用法。分析句子可知,先行词the man指人,要用关系代词who或that,在句中充当主语,排除C;序数词前面有形容词性物主代词修饰时,序数词前不用the。故选D。2.D【详解】句意:公寓有12层,布莱克先生和他的家人住在12层。考查数词。twelve十二,基数词;twelfth第十二,序数词。根据“floors”可知第一空用基数词表数量;再由“on ... floor”可知表示第几层,第二空用序数词表顺序,序数词前加the。故选D。3.C【详解】句意:凯特今天九岁了,所以今天是她的第九个生日。考查基数词和序数词。nine九,为基数词;ninth第九,为序数词。根据“years old”可知,第一空填基数词,即“基数词+years old”表年龄。“birthday”为名词,故前用序数词来修饰。故选C。4.B【详解】句意:十年后,中国的切阳什姐终于拿到了奥运金牌。 在 2012 年伦敦奥运会上,她在女子 20 公里竞走中获得第三名。考查序数词的用法。根据“She came...in the women’s 20km race walk”可知,此处是指比赛的名次。come third意为“排在第三位”。故选B。5.D【详解】句意:昨天是我奶奶的八十大寿。我们吃了一顿丰盛的家庭晚餐。考查序数词的用法。eighty八十,基数词;the eightieth第八十,定冠词+序数词;eighties八十,基数词的复数;eightieth第八十,序数词。此处作定语修饰birthday,在某人的第几个生日,应用序数词,排除AC,序数词前已有“my grandma’”修饰,无需加定冠词。故选D。6.C【详解】句意:——康康,这三幅画你最喜欢哪一幅? ——第一幅画!我认为它是最美丽的!考查数词。two二,基数词;three三,基数词;first第一,序数词;one一,基数词。根据“The ... picture”可知要用序数词表顺序。故选C。7.A【详解】句意:李梅失败了三次,但她仍然在寻找第四次机会。考查数词的用法。three三;fourth第四;third第三;four四。空一表示三次,用基数词,可排除BC选项;a+序数词+名词表示“再,又”。故选A。8.D【详解】句意:——21世纪最重要的事情是什么?——当然是健康!考查序数词用法。根据“in the...century?”结合选项可知是指21世纪,指某个世纪,应用序数词,“第二十一”用序数词表达为“twenty-first”,故选D。9.B【详解】句意:——教师节是什么时候?——它在九月,一年中的第九个月。考查序数词。根据“It comes in September, the …month of a year.”可知,九月是在一年中的第九个月,此处使用序数词修饰名词,ninth“第九”,序数词前使用定冠词the。故选B。10.B【详解】句意:——我们现在该怎么办,克拉克先生?——请翻到第十二页,看第五幅画。考查数词的表达。twelfth第十二;twelve十二;five五;fifth第五。Page+基数词,表示“多少页”,故第一空填twelve;the后接序数词,表示顺序,故第二空填fifth,故选B。真题练1.C【详解】句意:这对夫妇有两个孩子。他们很高兴很快就有第三个孩子。考查序数词。first第一;second第二;third第三;fourth第四。根据“The couple have two kids.”及“soon”可知,这对夫妇已经有两个孩子,再有一个孩子应该是第三个。故选C。2.A【详解】句意:照片里有八个人,左边第三个人是我。考查数词的用法。eight八;third第三;three三;eighth第八。空一表示“八个人”,用基数词,可排除CD选项;空二表示“第三个人”,用序数词表示顺序。故选A。3.A【详解】句意:——这将是我第一次参观长城。我真的很兴奋。——真的吗?真不敢相信你还没去过那里。你到北京差不多有一年了!考查序数词。first第一;second第二;third第三;fourth第四;根据“I can’t believe you’ve never been there yet.”可知,这是第一次参观长城,故选A。4.A【详解】句意:牙医:女士,给你儿子拔牙25美元。女士:二十五美元!但你告诉我每个病人五美元。牙医:是的。但你儿子哭得那么大声。他吓跑了另外四个病人。考查数词。four四;five五;twenty二十;twenty-five二十五。根据“twenty-five dollars for pulling your son’s tooth”以及“But you told me five dollars each patient.”可知,每个病人拔牙5美元,但是现在要交25美元,除去自己的费用,要多交四个人的费用,所以是吓跑了四个人,故选A。5.C【详解】句意:王亚平成为首位在中国空间站工作的女宇航员。考查序数词的用法。此处作定语修饰“female taikonaut”,用序数词,序数词前加定冠词the。故选C。6.C【详解】句意:十月一日是国庆节。考查序数词的用法以及常识。one一,基数词;two二,基数词;first第一,序数词;second第二,序数词。根据“The … day of October”可知,此处指十月的第几天,用序数词表示顺序,排除A和B选项。结合选项10月1日是国庆节,故选C。7.D【详解】句意:——我去过梵净山三次,你呢?——我也去过三次,并且我想再次去参观它。考查序数词的用法。three三;third第三;four四;fourth第四。根据“I have been there three times, too. And I would like to visit it a...”可知此处指再次去参观。a+序数词表示“又(再)一”。故选D。8.D【详解】句意:——今年是中国共青团的100岁生日,不是吗?——是的,它是。我们为此举办了一个派对。考查数词的用法。根据语境可知,此处表示“第100岁的生日”,故应用序数词100th“第一百”,且序数词前加定冠词the。故选D。
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