2022-2023 英语外研版新中考精讲精练 考点11非谓语动词

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考点11非谓语动词考点总结考点01 非谓语动词是不能在句中充当谓语，而充当其它成分的动词。非谓语动词有三种形式：动词不定式；动词的-ing形式和过去分词。其中动词的-ing形式又可以分为现在分词和动名词。We wants to see you off.(动词不定式)我们想为你送行。Running is a good form of exercise.(动词的-ing形式中的动名词)跑步是一种好的运动形式。The old man sits under a tree sleeping.(动词的-ing形式中的现在分词)这位老人坐在树下睡觉。Seen from the hill, the city looks very beautiful.(过去分词)从山上看去，这座城市看起来很漂亮。考点02 动词不定式可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语；动词的-ing形式可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语；过去分词可以在句中充当表语，定语，状语和补语。考点03 非谓语动词的否定形式都是在它们之前直接加“not”等否定词。He was told not to touch that blue button.他被告知不要触摸那个蓝色按钮。Not understanding what I said, he asked me to repeat.因为没有理解我所说的话，所以他让我重复一遍。Not paid well, the workers went on strike.因为工资低，所以工人们举行了罢工。考点04 动词不定式的一般形式是“to do”。它表示“主动，将要”的含义。此外还有其它形式：to be done, to have done, to be doing, to have been done 和to have been doing.考点055 to be done表示“被动，将要”的含义。To be a teacher, one should learn a lot.要想成为教师，一个人应该学习很多知识。The topic to be discussed in the meeting is nature.将在会议上讨论的话题是自然。考点06 to have done表示“主动，完成”的含义。He admitted to have broken the cup.他承认打碎了这个茶杯。考点07 to be doing表示“主动，正在”的含义。The baby seems to be sleeping.这个婴儿看起来正在睡觉。考点08 to have been done 表示“被动，完成”。Albert Einstein is considered to have changed the world.阿尔伯特?爱因斯坦被认为改变了世界。考点09 to have been doing表示“主动，一直”。He was reported to have been fighting for freedom.据报道他一直为自由而战。考点10 动名词的一般形式是：doing。它表示“主动，正在”的含义。此外还有其它形式：being done, having done, having been done。Seeing is believing.眼见为实。Sleeping is necessary for us.睡眠对于我们来说是必要的。考点11 being done表示“被动，正在”的含义。The building being built is very tall.这座正在被建造的建筑物很高。考点12 having done表示“主动，完成”的含义。Having written 6 books, he became a famous writer.他写了6本书后成为了一名著名的作家。考点13 having been done表示“被动，完成”的含义。Having been taken good care of, the baby grew taller and taller.由于这个婴儿被照顾的很好，所以他长的越来越高。考点14 分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词的一般形式是：doing。它表示“主动，正在”。此外，还有其它形式：being done, having done, having been done。being done表示“被动，正在”的含义；having done表示“主动，完成”的含义；having been done表示“被动，完成”的含义。The old man sitting under the tree is my grandfather.坐在树下的这位老人是我的祖父。The girl being referred to is my girlfriend.正在被谈到的女孩是我女朋友。Having written the letter , he went to post it.写完了信之后，他去邮寄。Having been built, the bridge is in use now.这座桥已经建造完，现在正在使用之中。考点15 过去分词只有一种形式：done。它表示“被动，完成”的含义。如果过去分词done的原形是不及物动词，该过去分词不表示“被动”，只表示“完成”。Designed by a famous designer, this dress is very popular.由于这件衣服出自一位著名设计师之手，所以非常受欢迎。真题演练一．选择题（共10小题）1．（2021•大冶市模拟）This is the best way I could think of _______ him _______ computer games．（　　）A．to stop； playing B．stopping； playing C．stop； to play D．stopping； to play【分析】这是我能想到的阻止他玩电脑游戏的最好的方法．【解答】答案：A．考查非谓语动词．句意"这是我能想到的阻止他玩电脑游戏的最好的方法．"．Stop sb doing sth阻止某人做某事，doing sth做宾语补足语；因此第二个空用playing．the way to do sth，做某事的方法．因此第一个空用to stop．I could think of是定语从句，也是修饰the best way，答案是A．2．（2021•安顺）Though he often made his little sister _______，today he was made ______by his little sister．（　　）A．cry；to cry B．crying；crying C．cry；cry D．to cry；cry【分析】虽然经常他都把他小妹妹弄哭，但今天他被他小妹妹弄哭了．【解答】答案：A．根据 he often made his little sister，可知这里考查了make sb．do sth让某人做某事，后面跟动词原形；再根据he was made ______by his little sister，可知当make sb．do sth用在被动语态时，要还原to，也就是be made to do sth．故选A．3．（2020•市中区一模）﹣﹣﹣What about ___________ some milk shake？﹣﹣﹣That _________ good．（　　）A．making，looks B．make，smells C．to make，sounds D．making，sounds【分析】﹣﹣做一些奶昔怎么样？﹣﹣那听起来很好．【解答】答案：D．根据What about ___________ some milk shake，可知本句考查了what about的用法，what about…怎么样，about是一个介词，后面跟动词的ing形式，在这里表示一种意见或建议，所以应该是听起来很好．听起来应该是sound．故选D．4．（2020•泰安模拟）﹣It's a bit cold．Would you mind my        all the windows？﹣Do as you like，please．（　　）A．close B．will close C．closing D．to close【分析】﹣﹣天有点冷．你介意我把窗户都关起来吗？﹣﹣请便．【解答】答案：C．根据Would you mind my        all the windows，可知本句考查了Would you mind doing sth你介意做某事吗，mind后常接名词或动词ing形式．故选C．5．（2020•福建模拟）﹣There goes the bell．﹣It's time for class．Let's stop ______．（　　）A．talk B．to talk C．talking D．not talk【分析】﹣﹣上课铃响了．﹣﹣要上课了，我们停止说话吧．【解答】答案：C．根据Let's stop，可知这里考查stop的用法：stop to do something 表示停下手中的事，去做某事；stop doing something 表示停止做某事．根据It's time for class，可知该上课了，所以应该是停止说话．故选C．6．（2020•泰安模拟）My friend，Darren，is coming to visit us．I'm looking forward ______ him．（　　）A．meet B．meeting C．to meet D．to meeting【分析】我的朋友Darren要来看我．我正期待着和他见面．【解答】答案：D．根据I'm looking forward ______ him我正期待着和他见面．可知句子里有短语"期待着做某事，盼望着做某事"是look forward to doing sth．结合语境，故选D．7．（2021•大埔县模拟）The skirts on sale are all beautiful．I can't decide which one ____________．（　　）A．buy B．to buy C．bought D．will buy【分析】正在出售的那些裙子都很漂亮，我决定不下来买哪一件．【解答】答案：B．本题考查非谓语动词的用法．根据语境推测句意是"正在出售的那些裙子都很漂亮，我决定不下来买哪一件．"，结合设空处前面的which 判断此题考查结构"疑问词+to do sth．"； 该结构可以放在动词后面作宾语，所以选B．8．（2021•黄冈）﹣I'm sorry，Mr Hu．I _______ my English exercise book at home．﹣It doesn't matter．Please remember ________ it here this afternoon．（　　）A．forgot；to bring B．left；to take C．forgot；to take D．left；to bring【分析】﹣﹣我很抱歉，胡老师．我把我的英语练习本忘在家里了．﹣﹣没关系．请记着今天下午带到这里来．【解答】答案：D．forget和leave都可以表示忘记的意思，forget通常不能与表示地点的副词或短语连用；leave 在表示"遗忘"时，则通常要与表示地点的状语连用；在这里句子含有at home，所以用leave；再根据Please remember ________ it here this afternoon，可知是表示记着拿来，而bring的意思是拿来，take的意思是拿走，方向不一样，这里用bring．故选D．9．（2021•西青区一模）She raised her voice to make everybody in the room ____ her clearly．（　　）A．heard B．to hear C．hear D．hearing【分析】她提高了她的嗓音，为了使屋内每一个人都能听清楚她说的话．【解答】答案：C．根据She raised her voice to make everybody in the room ____ her clearly，可知本句考查固定短语：make sb．do sth．使某人做某事．后面接动词原形．故选C．10．（2021•随州）I tried to make the baby _______by singing，and that worked well at last．A．to stop to cry B．to stop crying C．stop to cry D．stop crying【分析】我尝试着通过唱歌的形式让宝宝停止哭泣，最后这种办法奏效了．【解答】答案：根据"make the baby"，可知此处考查make的用法（make sb do），故其后的stop应该用原形形式．根据stop的用法（stop to do停下来去做某事；stop doing停止这个动作），根据题干含义，可知是想通过唱歌的形式让孩子停止哭泣．故应该用stop doing．故选D．