初中英语巩固练习+知识讲解总复习第26讲 中考冲刺五：任务型阅读技巧

这是一份初中英语巩固练习+知识讲解总复习第26讲 中考冲刺五：任务型阅读技巧，共13页。
【巩固练习】I. 任务性阅读真题演练。 1．阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。【2012 山东潍坊市】   Many parents like setting family rules for their kids. When kids break rules, parents will give them some punishments, which aren’t included in rules. In fact, when you tell your kids about a new rule, you should talk with them about the price they should pay for breaking the rule—what the punishment will be.   Punishments you set should be reasonable, without violence or threat(暴力或威胁). For example, if you find your son smoking, you may limit(限制)his social activities for two weeks. You should punish your kids only in ways you have discussed before the rule is broken. A study shows that the most popular punishment is to limit kids’ TV time.   It’s understandable that you’ll be angry when rules are broken. Punishment is a way to express your anger, but it’s not a very good one. Sharing your feelings of anger, disappointment or sadness with your kids can have a better effect on them. Try to do that. When your kids know what they have done has made you_______, they will feel guilty(内疚的). When they know their actions influence you greatly, they will obey rules better.Family rules are made to help your kids behave better. If your rules or ways of punishment make them unhappy or under a lot of pressure, are they helpful?1）What price should the kids pay for breaking the family rules? (根据短文内容回答问题)  ________________________________________________2）Find out the key sentence of Paragraph 2. (找出第二段的中心句)  _________________________________________________3）What can be a better way than punishment to educate kids when rules are broken?(根据短  文内容回答问题)    __________________________________________________4）Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with only one word.(根据对文章的理解，在第三段空白处  填入一个适当的单词)  ___________________________________________________5）请将最后一段的划线句子翻译成汉语。  ___________________________________________________2.阅读下面新闻报道，整理信息，完成表格。【2012 贵州贵阳市】Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not bring lasting happiness. Aristotle, a Greek philosopher, said, “Happiness depends on ourselves.” In other words, we make our own happiness by ourselves. Here are a few suggestions to help you be happier.The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the simple things in life. Too often, if we spend too much time thinking about the future, for example, getting into college or getting a good job, we fail to enjoy the present. You should enjoy life’s simple pleasures, such as reading a good book, listening to your favorite music, or spending time with close friends. People who have several close friends tend to live a happier and healthier life.
 Another secret of leading a happy life is to be active and have hobbies. They can help you forget your problems and lose track of time. Many people experience this by dancing, or playing a sport, such as snowboarding or soccer. You can forget about problems, and only think about the activity.
 Finally, many people find happiness in helping others. According to studies, people feel good when they volunteer their time to help others. If you want to feel happier, do something nice for someone. You can help a friend with his or her studies, go shopping to buy food for an elderly relative, or simply help around the house by washing the dishes.
 ParagraphsThe main idea of each paragraphParagraph OneIn this paragraph the writer tries to tell us that happiness 1）___________Paragraph TwoThis paragraph tells us if we want to be happy, we should learn to 2）_________in our life.Paragraph ThreeTo be active and have hobbies can also help us 3）___________, Paragraph Four4）_________is a good way for us to find happiness.After reading, we know the best title of this passage is 5）“___________________” II. 任务性阅读综合演练。1．阅读下面的短文.并根据短文后的要求答题。Since 1850, the temperature of Earth’s surface has increased about 0.6°C.Scientists predict it may warm much more by the end of this century. Who’s turning up the heat? Well, it seems that we are! Some of this global warming may be natural. However, nearly all scientists now agree that most of it is due to peoples actions. Over the past 150 years, we've added huge amounts of certain gases, especially carbon dioxide（CO2）to the air. These gases can keep heat near Earth's surface, so more carbon dioxide means more heat is kept near Earth's surface. Global warming may change the weather in ways that lead to more severe storms, floods and droughts.We add carbon dioxide to the air when we burn things, especially fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are energy sources formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago. Coal, oil, and natural gas are all fossil fuels. People in the United States and other countries started bunting large amounts of fossil fuels more than a century ago. The amount of fossil fuels being burned each year has been increasing worldwide. The more we burn,　　　　　　　　　.What can we do to help? Nowadays to live a low-carbon life is quite popular in the world. Low-carbon means to reduce the amount of carbon dioxide. Saving energy and reusing are the key words. In fact, even the simplest everyday activities can make our lives low-carbon.1）What problem can global warming cause?（根据短文内容回答问题）　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2）What are fossil fuels?（同上）　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　3）请将第一段中的划线句子翻译成汉语。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　4）请根据第二段内容，将最后一个句子补充完整。The more we bum，_____________________________________________.5）请写出日常生活中的一种“低碳”行为（用英语写一个句子）。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2．阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在短文后1～5小题中句子空白处填入适当的词语或句子。We know that many animals do not stay in one place. Birds, fish and other animals move from one place to another place at a certain time. They move for different reasons: most of them move to find food more easily, but others move to get away from places that are too crowded.When cold weather comes, many birds move to warmer places to find food. Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed. The most famous migration is probably the migration of fish, which is called “salmon” (鲑鱼). This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water. There it spends its life. When it is old, it returns to its birthplace in fresh water. Then it gives birth and dies. In northern Europe, there is a kind of mouse. They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded. They move down to the low land. Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside, and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea.Recently, scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster (龙虾). Every year, when the season of the bad weather arrives, the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean. Nobody knows why they do this, and nobody knows where they go. So, sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another place, but at other times we don’t. Maybe living things just like to travel.1. The reason for most of the animals to move is _____________________.2. Find the word in the passage which means “the movement from one place to another of a large group of animals” and write it down here __________.3. The underlined word “ There” in the second paragraph refers to (指的是)____________.4. The salmon comes back to its birthplace in order to ____________.5. The lobsters begin to move to another place when _____________.3. 请分别为下面四则谚语和相应的寓意搭配，并把序号A、B、C、D填在相应的位置。1) It’s never too late to learn. ________________2) A crane standing amidst a flock of chickens. _________________3) The early bird catches the worm. _________________4) Play a harp before a cow.　_________________5) A book holds a house of gold.　_________________A. This proverb means that you do something useless. B. This proverb means that someone is the best of all. C. This proverb means that if you study hard, you will succeed. D. This proverb means that there’re many things to learn no matter how old you are.E. This proverb means that if you do something early or before others, you will have more chances and be successful. 4. 阅读短文，把后面所给句子放在短文的适当位置，使短文意思完整。Giving directions in different placesIf you ask people of different countries “Could you tell me the way to the post office?” You will get different answers.In Japan, people use landmarks (路标) instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. 1)_______________. The post office is across from the bus stop.”In Kansas, America，there are no towns or buildings within miles. So instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distance. For example, people will say, “Go north two miles. 2)_______________.”People in Greece sometimes do not even try to give directions. They will often say, “Follow me.” 3)_______________.Sometimes if a person doesn’t know the answer to your question, he or she, like a New Yorker, might say, “Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don’t know.” 4)_______________. They usually give an answer, but often a wrong one. A visitor can often get lost in Yucatan!5)_______________. You might not understand a person’s words, but maybe you can understand his or her body language. He or she will usually point to the correct direction. Go on in that direction and you may find the post office!A. Turn east, and then go another mile.B. But one thing will help you everywhere.C. People there think “I don’t know” is not polite.D. Turn left at a big hotel and go past a fruit market.E. Then he or she will take you through the streets of the city to the post office.3 【答案与解析】I. 任务性阅读真题演练。1．阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。1）They will be punished./They may get punishment./punishment.（意思表达正确即可得分）2）Punishments you set should be reasonable, without violence or threat(暴力或威胁). 3）Sharing your feelings of anger, disappointment or sadness with your kids.4）sad/angry/disappointed/unhappy（其中任何一个形容词或者符合文意的其他形容词即可）5）制定家规是为了帮助你的孩子表现更好。（意思表达正确即可得分）2.阅读下面新闻报道，整理信息，完成表格。1) depends on ourselves     2) enjoy the simple things         3) have a happy life  4) Helping others          5) The Secrets of Happiness  II．任务性阅读综合演练。1．阅读下面的短文.并根据短文后的要求答题。1) Global warming may change the weather in ways that lead to more severe storm, floods and droughts．　2) Fossil fuels are energy sources formed from the remains of plants and animals that lived millions of years ago.／Coal, oil, and natural gas are all fossil fuels.   3) 在过去的150年间，我们向空气中排放了大量这类气体，特别是二氧化碳。4) The more we burn，the more carbon dioxide will be added to the air./ the more carbon dioxide will be produced.   5) We’d better go to school by bike or on foot．（关于节约能源）/I can give my old books to the younger students．（关于反复利用）结合日常生活写出关于节约能源或循环利用的事例即可。2. 阅读下面短文，根据短文内容，在短文后1～5小题中句子空白处填入适当的词语或句子。1) to find food more easily  2) migration  3) (in) salt water。  4) give birth and die。 5) the season of the bad weather arrives / the bad weather arrives。    3. 请分别为下面四则谚语和相应的寓意搭配，并把序号A、B、C、D填在相应的位置。1) D。此谚语意思是“活到老学到老。”，所以用后面的D来解释。2) B。此谚语意思是“鹤立鸡群”，这个谚语的英语解释是“Someone is the best of all.”。3)E。此谚语意思是“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。/笨鸟先飞早入林”，用英语解释是“if you do something early or before others, you will have more chances and be successful.”4) A。此谚语意思是“对牛弹琴”，用英语解释是“you do something useless.”5) C。此谚语意思是“书中自有黄金屋。”，用英语解释是“if you study hard, you will succeed.”。4. 阅读短文，把后面所给句子放在短文的适当位置，使短文意思完整。1) D。从短文第二段的主题 “In Japan, people use landmarks (路标) instead of street names.” 可以判断“日本人指路用路上标志性建筑物，所以选项D正确，用big hotel和fruit market”来指路。2) A。从此段落的主题“美国人用方向和距离指路”，所以A选项符合要求，即用“Turn east and then go another mile.”来指路。3) E。从此段落的主题“希腊人不给你指方向，他们会说跟我来”，可以推知句子E表示他们下面的行为：他们会直接带你穿过街道到达邮局。4) C。从上文的句子可知要选C，解释上文“不说‘我不知道’”的原因：“他们认为说“我不知道”那样是不礼貌的”。5) B。此段落的主题是“在语言不通的情况下肢体语言是大家都明白的”，所以此段首句是“在任何地方一件事情可以帮助你”，从而引出下文。 
中考冲刺五：任务型阅读技巧 【真题再现】【2012 浙江衢州市】任务型阅读：阅读短文，完成第1~5小题。When you stay away from your home for a long time, you start to miss your good old bed, your good old parents. Believe it or not, you’re feeling homesick(想家的). You can help yourself to feel less homesick. Here’s how:●   1    If you’re going away from home, bring your favourite pajamas(睡衣). You can also bring some pictures of the people who you may miss. You can look at them any time you want.●   2    The busier you are, the less time you’ll have to feel homesick. Spend your free time on music, sports or books. Try to join in activities wherever you are. ●   3    You can make a plan for when you’ll call your mum or dad. You can also keep in touch with family and friends by emails or text messages.●   4    Sometimes, telling someone that you’re feeling a little homesick will help you feel better. Maybe you can tell a friend that you feel homesick and the two of you can do something fun.从A、B、C、D中选择正确的选项作为文章第2～5段的小标题，并填入第1～4四个空格中。1.          　　2.          　　3.          　　4.          A. Keep yourself busyB. Tell someone your feelingsC. Stay in touchD. Bring something familiar with you5. Which is the best title for the passage?A. How to stay away from homeB. How to do something funC. How to feel less homesickD. How to miss your home【2012 湖北随州市】  任务型阅读    The computer has become an important part of people’s lives. It has its own special words. One example is the word mouse. A computer mouse is not a small gray animal. It is a small device(设备) that you move around on a table in front of a computer. It was called a mouse because it looked like a real mouse with a tail at one end.    Using a computer takes some training. People who are experts are sometimes called hackers. A hacker is usually a person who writes computer programs in a special computer language. But the word hacker is also used to describe a person who tries to steal information from a computer.    Another well-known computer word is Google. It is the name of a popular search engine(搜索引擎). People use the search engine to find information about everything on the Internet.    If you Google someone, you might find that person’s name on a blog. A blog is a personal diary online. It might contain stories, pictures or songs on it. Some people add information to their blogs every day.根据短文内容完成表格。每空一词。In formation CardWhat the passage is aboutComputer 1.________How the computer “mouse” got its nameBecause of its 2. ________What “Google” isA computer search 3. ________How many computers words the passage talks about4. ________【答案与解析】【2012 浙江衢州市】任务型阅读：阅读短文，完成第1~5小题。[1.D。本段中两次出现bring，所以答案为D。2.A。根据“The busier you are…”可知答案。3.C。根据 “You can also keep in touch with family and friends”可知答案。4.B。根据 “telling someone that you’re feeling a little homesick will help you feel better.”可知答案。5.C。根据第一段中 “You can help yourself to feel less homesick. Here’s how”可知答案。【2012 湖北随州市】  根据短文内容完成表格。每空一词。1. words　　2. shape　　3. engine　　4. Four                                 【用法讲解】 考试要求：许多省市中考英语试卷出现了一种综合阅读理解题型——任务型阅读。任务型阅读是一种主观性试题，也有人称为“读后做”，要求考生阅读短文后在理解的基础上，通过一定的判断、推理、归纳总结，去完成各种任务或者解决某种问题，这种题型介于阅读和写作之间，充分考查学生运用英语完成任务的能力。考生需要理解短文并且具备从短文材料中收集有关的各种信息，然后加工整理输出信息的能力。1. 任务型阅读的题型：任务型阅读主要考查学生收集信息、整理信息的能力，是对语言综合应用能力的考查，考查的题型多样、命题灵活，可以是翻译句子，也可以是改写句子、还原句子。还可以是填写表格或回答问题。命题人对试题的难度也易于掌握，可以是单词拼写这样较简单的题，也可以是同义词转换等中档题，还可以有归纳主题大意、改写句子等高档题。近年来各省中考试题中任务型阅读主要题型如下：1）阅读选择配对根据阅读材料中所提供的语言信息找出与题意要求相匹配的选项。这种选择题和四选一的题目不同,选项可能是句子或图片，形式可能是段落大意的归纳与段落的连线，但是可能不是一对一连线，一般都给出多余选项。【注意】  要认真阅读题干要求，如果是上下句搭配，要看清楚题目的前半个句子的内容要点，注意句子与短文的联系，切不可只看句子的部分内容而造成理解上的偏差，造成配对失误。要根据短文的内容和作者的意图去搭配、注意配对后的句子内容完整、与短文的内容保持一致。短文的段落主题和段落配对，要抓住短文段落的要点，要全面理解段落内容之间的关系，不能以偏概全。请看下面例题：【2012 河南省】   You may feel comfortable with some people. You spend an hour with them and feel as if you have known them half a life. These people have something in common. And once we know what it is, we can try to do it ourselves.How is it done? _____1_____ If you follow the skills, you’ll make friends with people quickly.First of all, good talkers are questions. _____2____ One well-know businesswoman says, “At business lunches, I always ask people what they did that morning. It’s a common question, but it will get things going.” From there you can move on to some other questions. And how he answers will let you know how far you can go._____3____ This point seems clear, but it isn’t. Your question should have a point and help to tell what sort of person you are talking to. And to find out, you really have to listen carefully and attentively.Real listening at least means some things. _____4____ If someone sticks to one topic, it means he’s really interested in it. Real listening also means not just listening to words, but to tones(声调) of voice. If the voice sounds boring, then, it’s time for you to change the subject.Finally, good talkers know well when to say good-bye. Remember to give him a handshake and say, “I’ve really enjoyed meeting you.” _____5_____ Let people know what you feel, and they may walk away feeling as if they’ve known you half their life.根据材料内容，从下面五个选项中选出能填入文中空缺处的最佳选项，使短文意思通顺，内容完整，并将其标号填写在下面题号后的横线上。A. Almost anyone will answer a question.B. Here are several skills that good talkers have.C. If you want to see that person again, don’t keep it a secret.D. First, it means not to change the subject of the conversation.E. Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers.1._______  2. _______  3. ______  4. ______ 5. ______【答案与解析】1.B。根据下文所提供的可以遵循的几条技巧可知，此处应表示“好的谈话者拥有的技巧”，故选B。2.A。根据第三段中的“First of all, good talkers ask questions.”可知，此处表示“几乎每个人都将回答问题”，故选A。3.E。根据上文“First of all”可知，此处列举了第二规则，故选E。4.D。根据下文中的“Real listening also means not just listening to words，”可知，此处表示“首先，它意味着……”，故选D。5.C。根据下文“Let people know what you feel”可知，此处表示“不要保守秘密”，故选C。2) 阅读短文填空：根据短文提供的语言信息，以填写词语的方式完成文后各题，其形式主要有完成句子、补全信息、所给短文的缩写或制定各种规则等任务形式。所填的词或词组往往具有很高的概括性和准确性，因此,考生必须认真阅读材料,尽可能地从短文中找到所要填写的词语或者用其同义词、近义词或短语填空、有时甚至反义词或短语可能用于与短文中对应句子意思相反的语句中。【注意】阅读填空一般是原短文的改写，所以必须注意原短文的内容、情景和一些关键词，对照原短文的句子和一些词汇、短语，然后用同义词汇、短语来替换。短文填空要遵循原短文的内容和要点，不能脱离原作者的意思乱填空。有一些空在遵循原短文的前提下，又需要适当发挥，答案可能不是唯一的。请看下面例题：【2012 贵州铜仁市】阅读下面短文，然后根据短文内容每空填写一个单词。    Katie Spotz is a 22-year-old girl form America. She wants to cross the Atlantic Ocean by boat. If she succeeds, she’ll be the youngest and the first American to finish the 2500-mile trip.   Spotz began sailing when she was at university, but she has never tried to sail such a long way before. It will be a great challenge for her. In recent years, she has swum all the way down the 325-mile Allegheny River and traveled by bike from Seattle to Washington.  Spotz knows that she may see some dangerous things during the trip. It will be very dangerous if she meets very bad weather in the middle of the sea. But she believes that she can deal with all the difficulties.  “I never thought I could run 26 miles,” she said. “But once I finished it, I realized that maybe I could do something even more difficult.”   Spotz wants to collect money by going on this trip. She wants to collect money for an organization called “Blue Planet run”. The organization offers free, safe drinking water to people who need it.    It’ll take her about three months to finish this trip. Good luck to this brave girl and best wishes to her!The age of Spotz(1)______ years oldThe distance of the trip(2)______ milesA dangerous thing during the trip isthe (3)______ weatherThe purpose of the tripto collect (4)____for an organizationThe trip will takeAbout (5)______months .【答案与解析】（1）22    （2）2500    （3）bad     （4）money     （5）3/three（1）根据短文第一句“Katie Spotz is a 22-year-old girl form America.”可知。  （2）根据短文第三句“she’ll be the youngest and the first American to finish the 2500-mile trip.”可知。（3）根据第三段第二句“It will be very dangerous if she meets very bad weather in the middle of the sea”可知。  （4）根据第五段的第二句She wants to collect money for an organization called “Blue Planet run”.可知。   （5）根据最后一段第一句“It’ll take her about three months to finish this trip.”可知。3) 阅读短文改写句子这种题型要求在阅读材料的基础上,根据命题要求,改写文中划线的句子,或将文中的某一个句子译成英语或者汉语等。这一形式涉及到写，就应当特别注意书写规范、拼写无误、语法正确等。【注意】要认真分析短文中划线句子的语法结构，注意句子的时态、语态，是简单句还是复合句，然后根据要求进行句型改写。要注意一些同义词短语的替换，为改写同义句打好基础。句子的意思、时态不能改变，改变的是句子的不同表达方式。对于一些翻译要注意英语和汉语的不同表达，切不可按照汉语的思维方式来翻译。请看下面例题：【2012湖北恩施】When I was a child, my parents always told me that I should never talk to strangers. This was part of a whole list of things I should never do: never accept food or candy from strangers, never get in a car with strangers, and so on.But if we didn’t start a conversation with strangers, we’d never make new friends. We’d never get a job. ①We may miss the joy that comes from talking with strangers. And the more people you know, the more chances you can find.The following passage offers you some advice on how to ②break the ice.Don’t just stare at your shoes. Go and say “Hi” to that new guy. It will be easier to break the ice if you know more about different cultures.British: Beautiful day, isn’t it?The weather in Britain is changeable. So, it’s one of the topics the British care most about. And there’s a simple rule: Say “Yes” whether you agree with the person’s idea on the weather or not. ③That’s because the British start a conversation using the weather so that they can continue their talk.French: Where did you go on holiday?To talk with a French person, the safest way is to ask about his or her last holiday. French students enjoy a 10-to-15-day holiday every two months. French employees(雇员)get more than six weeks of holidays per year.American: So, where are you from?The US is so big and people move so often that location is always a source(来源) of talk. You can try to find a connection with the place they’re from. For example, if someone’s from Los Angeles, you could say, “Oh, I have a friend who studied there.”(1) 将文中①处划线句子翻译成汉语。_______________________________________________(2) 将文中②处划线短语翻译成汉语。_______________________________________________(3) 将文中③处划线句子改写成同义句。That’s because the British start a conversation using the weather ______ ______their talk.(4) What do you usually talk about to start a conversation with a French person?_______________________________________________(5) What is the main idea of the passage?_______________________________________________【答案与解析】（1）          我们可能会错过与陌生人交流的快乐。 miss在此处的意思是“错误”；that引导定语从句修饰joy；come from的意思是“来自于”；talk with sb.表示“同某人谈话”。（2）          打破沉默/打破僵局/开始说话。break the ice是习惯用法，表示“打破沉默，打破僵局”。（3）          to continue/ for continuing use sth. to do sth.=use sth. for doing sth. 用……来做……（4）          I/ We can/ usually talk about his/ her (last) holiday./ A holiday./ Holidays. 根据“To talk with a French person, the safest way is to ask about his or her last holiday.”可知答案。（5）          How to start/ begin a conversation with a stranger/ How to break the ice (with strangers). 文中“The following passage offers you some advice on how to break the ice.”是中心句，起到承上启下的作用，据此可以作答。因为任务型阅读命题的灵活性，除了上述题型外，各地中考题中还有根据释义写出文中出现的单词，或要求学生阅读一段文字，并根据文中所提供的信息画出示意图，如：路径、空间位置的设计图、物体形状图等题型，其目的都是考查学生运用语言去做事的能力。但是，无论题型如何变换，只要我们有扎实的英语知识、灵活的解题方法、尤其是认真地解题态度，都会迎刃而解的。2. 任务型阅读的解题技巧：1) 明确任务。由于题目要求形式多样，在同一篇阅读材料中会要求完成不同的任务，因此解题前要先明确任务，看清要求，做到心中有数。2) 一一对应，紧扣原文。即在原文中找出问题的题干所包括的信息部分，这样就可以快速准确地抓住有效信息，确保答题的准确性。如果是根据英文释义写单词的题，则一定要确保所填的单词来源于原文，切不可脱离原文，随意发挥。3) 注意读写结合。任务型阅读不仅考查学生阅读理解层面的能力，更加注重考查学生“写”的能力。若是写单词，则要注意拼写正确，词形、词性有无变化，是否需要大写；若所要完成的是短语或句子成分，则更需谨慎对待，依据所给题干分析要完成的是什么句子成分，需用什么样的表达方式，不可简单草率地将文中信息直接挪用。4) 认真检查。完成任务后要重新审视材料，检查所做的答案是否复合要求，同时语言要精练准确。