2022-2023学年陕西省西安市铁一中学高二上学期1月期末英语试题 Word版

这是一份2022-2023学年陕西省西安市铁一中学高二上学期1月期末英语试题 Word版，共18页。试卷主要包含了答非选择题时，必须使用0，考试结束后，只将答题卡交回， 90， 0 cubic feet， 99， 00， 3 cubic feet等内容，欢迎下载使用。

西安市铁一中学2022-2023学年上学期期末
高二英语
注意事项：
1.答题时，务必将自己的姓名、班级、准考证号填写在答题卡规定的位置上。
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4.考试结束后，只将答题卡交回。
一、阅读理解
4 Best Washing Machines to Buy in 2019, According to Cleaning Appliance Experts
BEST OVERALL WASHING MACHINE
Flex Wash Washing Machine
SAMSUNG
$1,548. 90
This double-duty machine offers flexibility thanks to two separately controlled washers in the same unit. The bottom is built for extra-large loads and has super-cleaning cycle options, which include sanitizing and steam settings. You even have the ability to add up to five rinses （漂洗）onto a cycle to remove every bit of detergent （洗衣液）from larger items like a jacket.
Capacity: 6. 0 cubic feet
BEST VALUE WASHING MACHINE
High-Efficiency Top Load Washing Machine
GE
$699. 99
In our tests, GE's washing skills rival more expensive machines. This classic top-loader is super-straightforward to use. We're impressed that at this price it offers options like an up to two-hour automatic presoak, deep fill and rinse for more customized water levels, has very good capacity, and is Energy Star Qualified.
Capacity: 4. 2 cubic feet
BEST TOP LOAD WASHING MACHINE
High-Efficiency Top Load Washing Machine
MAYTAG
$650. 00
This washer has a traditional center agitator （搅拌器），but is still so huge inside. You'll never notice any compromise in capacity. While it's energy-saving and efficient, you can add more water if you'd like to with the Deep Fill option.
Capacity: 5. 3 cubic feet
BEST COMPACT WASHING MACHINE
TwinDos Washing Machine
BOSCH
$1,999.00
This mighty mini is a Good Housekeeping Seal holder for good reason: Its deceptively large interior and space-saving exterior make it the perfect choice to install in small homes, apartments, or as second-floor laundry in a closet or bathroom.
Capacity: 2. 26 cubic feet
1．If you want your clothes rinsed thoroughly, you'd better choose______.
A．SAMSUNG B．GE
C．MAYTAG D．BOSCH
2．GE has the following functions EXCEPT_____ .
A．deep fill B．automatic presoak
C．huge capacity D．steam setting
3．If you have a limited budget, you should choose______.
A．SAMSUNG B．GE
C．MAYTAG D．BOSCH
4．Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
A．BOSCH's TwinDos occupies the smallest space among the four.
B．The only weakness of MAYTAG is its capacity.
C．Everything considered, SAMSUNG’S Flex Wash is the best washing machine to buy.
D．The most environmentally friendly washing machine goes to GE among the four.

I fell in love with the Little Free Library concept years ago on vacation. The concept of free literature-sharing boxes posted in neighborhoods and public spaces hooked me. For a booklover, this represented bliss（快乐）. At home, my bedside table sprouts（长出）books and from the floor rises a mountainous to-be-read pile. My husband wasn’t the least bit surprised when I suggested starting our own Little Free Library- As a writer and introvert（内向的人）, I welcomed the idea of saying hello to other booklovers on occasion.
The following winter, my husband built a copy of our Irish garden shed（棚屋）with a framed glass door on the front and, in the spring, mounted（安装）it on a post in front of our house. We filled the shelves with books, and since then, visitors have refilled them with literary fiction, romances, mysteries, science fiction, cowboy westerns, young-adult fiction, poetry, how-to’s, self-help and a range of other nonfiction.
For a time after COVID-19 first struck, public libraries shut down, and Amazon prioritized the delivery of essential and high-demand items. Books were less easily attained. Traffic to our library increased. I posted reminders about handwashing, and still, readers kept coming.
We wondered if we should close the Little Free Library and revisited（再次讨论）our original motivations for hosting it: to facilitate the exchange of books, to create a sense of community. Reading provides the necessary relief to the emotional crush（压力）of life. With this in mind, we added a written reminder on staying safe in the library.
Through my teens, reading transported me to other places and eras. Books taught me about life and how people overcame adversity（逆境）. I no longer felt alone in the things I struggled against.
Aside from the entertainment books offer, studies show that reading exposes us to other cultures and perspectives. Literature sheds light on the justice to be found in social inclusion and community cohesion（凝聚）. Self-esteem and understanding grow in equal measure as we come to understand ourselves and our place in the world.
During this pandemic, the Little Free Library has reinforced the importance of literature and reading to our emotional and mental health. It’s become an alternate means of creating a community of people with mutual regard for humanity and the written word. We are together even when apart.
5．What attracted the author to host the Little Free Library?
A．The emotional crush of life.
B．The free literature-sharing concept.
C．The sense of self-esteem and social justice.
D．The importance of exchanging books with each other.
6．What is the husband’s attitude toward building the Little Free Library?
A．Objective. B．Supportive.
C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.
7．What happened to the author’s Little Free Library during the pandemic?
A．It was not allowed to be used.
B．The number of books dropped sharply.
C．It was getting more popular than before.
D．Readers questioned the motivations for hosting it
8．What can we learn from Paragraph 5?
A．How reading shaped the author’s growth.
B．How we facilitated the exchange of books.
C．How the Little Free Library further developed.
D．How literature played a role in community building.
9．What is the benefit of the Little Free Library during the pandemic?
A．It has offered solutions to the pandemic.
B．It has relieved the pressure of public libraries.
C．It has exposed readers to foreign perspectives.
D．It has helped create a united and cohesive community.

As the climate warms, birds are shrinking and their wingspans are growing, according to a new study. Researchers analyzed 70,716 birds from 52 kinds of North American migratory（迁徙的）bird species collected over 40 years. The authors say the study is the largest of its kind and that the findings are important to understanding how animals will adapt to climate change.
"We found almost all of the species were getting smaller." said lead author Brian Weeks, an assistant professor at the University of Michigan.
"The species were pretty diverse, but responding in a similar wav." he said. "The consistency was shocking."
He said studies of animal responses to climate change often focus on shifts in geographical range or timing of life events, like migration and birth. But this study suggests body morphology（形态）is a crucial third aspect.
"That's one major implication," he said, "It's hard to understand how birds will adapt without taking all three of these things into consideration."
The findings showed that from 1978 to 2016, the length of the birds' lower leg bone shortened by 2.4%. Over the same time, the wings lengthened by 1.3%.
The evidence suggests warming temperatures caused the decrease in body size, which in turn caused the increase in wing length.
"Migration is an incredibly taxing thing they do," Mr. Weeks said, explaining that the smaller body size means less energy available for the birds to complete their long journeys.
He says the birds most likely to survive migration were the ones with longer wingspans and smaller bodies.
The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds to shrink. One theory is that smaller animals are better at cooling off, losing body heat more quickly.
10．What's the best title for the text?
A．All of the Birds Are Getting Smaller
B．Animals Are Adapting to Climate Change
C．Climate Change Is Causing Birds to Shrink
D．Scientists Are Finding Causes of Warm Climate
11．What made Brian Weeks feel astonished?
A．It took 40 years to collect 70,716 birds from North America.
B．Many birds are shrinking when responding to the climate change.
C．All migratory bird species were collected to do the important research.
D．So many researchers take part in the largest study to work out the findings.
12．What does the underlined word "taxing" most probably mean?
A．Tiring. B．Important
C．Easy. D．Pleasant
13．What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A．The migratory birds aren't big.
B．The temperatures will be higher.
C．The scientists will go on further study.
D．The smaller animals will surely live longer.

Making friends is a skill like many other skills. It improves with practice. If you want to meet people and make friends, you must be willing to take some measures. You must first go where there are people. You won’t make friends staying home alone. Join a club or a group. Talking with those who like the same things as you do is much easier. Or join someone in some activities. Many people are nervous when talking to new people. After all meeting strangers means facing the unknown. And it’s human nature to feel a bit uncomfortable about the unknown. Most of our fears about dealing with new people come from doubts about ourselves. We imagine other people are judging us or finding us too tall or too short, too this or too that. But don’t forget that they must be feeling the same way. Try to accept yourself as you are and try to put the other person at ease. You’ll both feel more comfortable.
Try to act self-confidently even if you don’t feel that way. When you enter a room full of strangers, such as a new classroom, walk tall and straight, look directly at other people and smile.
If you see someone you’d like to speak to, say something. Don’t wait for the other person to start a conversation.
Just meeting someone new does not mean that you will make friends with that person-friendship is based on the mutual liking and” give and take”. It takes time and effort to develop.
14．The best title of the text may be ______.
A．Friendship
B．How to Make Friends
C．Meeting New People
D．Facing the Unknown
15．You can’t make friends if you ______.
A．take some measures
B．go to where there are people
C．avoid meeting people
D．start a conversation
16．Which of the following statements is NOT true？
A．Making friends needs practising.
B．Making friends needs to be more active in starting a conversation.
C．When meeting someone, make him feel nice and starting a conversation.
D．Before making friends with someone, judge if he’s too this or too that.


二、七选五
How is dining in space different from eating on Earth?
Spacesuits? Check! Oxygen? Check! Water? Check! Are we forgetting something? Food! If you send astronauts into space, you have to send along food as well. But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it? ___17___
First, and possibly most important, is nutrition (营养). Maintaining the astronauts' physical health is a top task for any space mission. Providing junk foods to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts feel unhealthy.
___18___ If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you've ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn't feel well, you'll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly.
The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won't spill into the cabin. Liquids or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it.___19___ A loose knife bouncing (弹起) around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
___20___ The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and home again. ___21___ Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (脱水)．When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to rehydrate the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day.
A．Variety and taste are also important.
B．Finally, weight is an important concern.
C．Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
D．Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
E．Nutrition and practicality are important things to consider.
F．For the same reason sharp utensils are never used onboard.
G．Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.


三、完形填空
My 70-year-old mother was fighting an 18-year battle with cancer. It was a battle I knew she would someday ____22____. Maybe soon. And it ____23____ my heart to think about that.
Mom and I had a good relationship, but we just weren’t ____24____ in the way I was with my daughter. Mom and I never ____25____ or said “I love you” like I often do with my daughter. Sometimes I felt ____26____ about Mom’s love for me.
“I’ve set about quilting, and I’ll make one for you,” my mother announced ____27____ over the phone one day. I tried to ____28____ her suggestion as it was too tiring for her, but she insisted.
My quilt was Mom’s last one. A month later, I got a call from Dad saying Mom was gone. A great sense of ____29____ overwhelmed me -- the pandemic took away my last chance to see Mom and show my love to her.
One day, I decided to give quilting a(n) ____30____ myself for my daughter. I carefully ____31____ the fabric I thought she would enjoy, and maybe I was still trying to make a ____32____ between Mom and myself in this way. Sometimes I’d picture us sitting together in the living room quilting together.
Finally, I got the quilt Mom ____33____ me. I opened it and what I saw caught my ____34____. It was exactly the same fabric I had chosen for my daughter! Yet something far more difficult to ____35____ at last became clear. Mom, in her own way, had silently said those three beautiful words “I love you” I was ____36____ to hear.
22．A．fight B．lose C．join D．accept
23．A．opened B．followed C．broke D．stopped
24．A．close B．lucky C．helpful D．positive
25．A．met B．cared C．talked D．hugged
26．A．sensible B．hopeless C．unhappy D．uncertain
27．A．excitedly B．bravely C．confusedly D．innocently
28．A．reject B．adopt C．consider D．offer
29．A．thankfulness B．regret C．fearfulness D．anxiety
30．A．excuse B．miss C．look D．try
31．A．abandoned B．discovered C．chose D．destroyed
32．A．combination B．connection C．competition D．comparison
33．A．afforded B．lent C．bought D．left
34．A．imagination B．attention C．coat D．foot
35．A．understand B．admit C．remember D．change
36．A．surprised B．afraid C．eager D．unwilling


四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
During the summer vacation, I took part in __37__ 16th Natural English Contest (竞赛), in which I was listed in the top 10 and __38__ (gain) valuable experience.
I never expected __39__ (go) that far. And I had never thought about standing that high on the stage. __40__ at that moment, I set out for the long ride. All I had to do was try.
Preparing for the contest, practicing a 3-minute speech, and overcoming stage fright (怯场), I spared no effort to take part in the competition.
One of my __41__ (teammate), my good friend in my school, gave me lots of encouragement and advice during the contest. Her ideas were new and powerful and she stayed quite calm when she was fighting against her __42__ (compete). She was like my coach, __43__ showed me how to search for related materials online and how to express my own view __44__ (logical).
Thanks __45__ the contest and the help of my friend, I now feel relaxed on stage and confident when __46__ (talk).


五、应用文写作
47．你所居住的清泉社区将进行一次全民垃圾分类活动，请你代社区写一则英文通知，呼吁社区内外国友人参与。全科试题免费下载公众号《高中僧课堂》内容包括：
1.活动时间、地点；
2.需要做的工作；
3.报名地点、截止日期。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.通知的格式已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：垃圾分类garbage classification
Notice
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Qingquan Community Office

六、读后续写
48．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Ant Bites
“Ow! Ow!” I shouted as I broke my jump rope rhythm: “Something, in my shoe is biting me.” I cried.
The first graders waiting to jump and the two rope turners circled around me on the dirt playground. My teacher, Miss Bell, heard me and hurried over.
“It’s still stinging me.” I cried as the circle of children opened for Miss Bell.
“Which foot is it?” she asked.
I stuck up my right foot as she bent down to inspect it. Just then, feeling a new sting, I yelped in pain.
“Here. Let’s take off your shoe.” instructed Miss Bell, squatting(蹲) down to get the shoe.
Then, I remembered the holes in my socks. Welfare socks didn’t last long. Holes in socks were a common thing for our family in the years following the Great Depression. Shoes got fresh paper inserted every Saturday to cover the holes in their soles. But socks with holes were just accepted. Socks with holes in the heels got pulled down so the hole wouldn’t show. Where there was a hole, there would soon be a blister. Every week as she washed our clothes, Mama would say, “Even if we’re poor and our clothes are worn out. We can still be clean.”
I began to cry from the pain in my foot, but I refused to let Miss Bell take off my shoe. I could not bear for her and the others to see the hole in my faded red sock.
“Come on, then. Let’s go inside to the office.”
A trail of first graders followed after us until Miss Bell told them to stay on the playground. I did my best to control my tears. Yet, each time the thing in my shoe stung me, I would let out a loud, “Oh, oh, oh!” Tears raced down my contorted(扭曲的) face.
Miss Womble, the fifth--grade teacher, came into the office. “Can I help? I know her. She lives next door to me.”
Miss Womble was a great neighbor. She had even played games with us on occasion. She put both hands on my shaking shoulders and looked into my distressed, red eyes.
注意: 1. 续写词数应为150 左右; 2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答;
“Must be sock-eating ants. Oh, yes, I had a bite from one of those ants” she said.
Miss Bell handed her the first aid kit.

参考答案
1．A    2．D    3．C    4．B

本文是一篇应用文，介绍了2019年值得推荐的四款洗衣机的品牌、优点、价格、容量等指标。
1．细节理解题。从第一款SAMSUNG洗衣机介绍中的最后一句“You even have the ability to add up to five rinses onto a cycle to remove every bit of detergent from larger items like a jacket（您甚至可以在一个洗衣循环中最多5次漂洗，可以去除大件物品上的洗涤剂）”可知，这款洗衣机的漂洗功能是很强大的。想要衣物被漂洗彻底，应该选SAMSUNG洗衣机。故选A项。
2．细节理解题。从文章第二款GE洗衣机的介绍中提到的功能有 “… an up to two-hour automatic presoak，deep fill and rinse for more customized water levels, …very good capacity(多达两小时的自动预浸…深度填充和定水位漂洗…有很好的容量)”，只有“steam setting”这个功能是GE没有的。故选D项。
3．细节理解题。比较四款品牌洗衣机的价格：SAMSUNG价格$1,548. 90，GE价格$699. 99，MAYTAG价格$650. 00，BOSCH价格$1,999.00，其中 MAYTAG这款洗衣机是价格最低的。如果预算紧，可以选择MAYTAG品牌。故选C项。
4．细节理解题。从第三款洗衣机MAYTAG的介绍“This washer has a traditional center agitator，but is still so huge inside(这个洗衣机有一个传统中心搅拌器，但洗衣机内部空间仍很大)可知，MAYTAG洗衣机的缺点是搅拌器不是很先进，洗衣机容量还是很大的。
故选B项。
5．B    6．B    7．C    8．A    9．D

这是一篇记叙文。免费的文学共享概念吸引作者开办了小免费图书馆，在疫情期间小免费图书馆更加受欢迎，帮助创建了一个团结和有凝聚力的社区。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“The concept of free literature-sharing boxes posted in neighborhoods and public spaces hooked me.”（在社区和公共空间张贴免费文学分享箱的概念吸引了我。）可知，免费的文学共享概念吸引作者开办了小免费图书馆。故选B。
6．观点态度题。根据第一段最后一句“My husband wasn’t the least bit surprised when I suggested starting our own Little Free Library- As a writer and introvert（内向的人）, I welcomed the idea of saying hello to other booklovers on occasion.”（当我建议建立我们自己的小免费图书馆时，我的丈夫一点也不惊讶——作为一个作家和内向的人，我欢迎偶尔和其他书迷打招呼的想法。）和第二段第一句“The following winter, my husband built a copy of our Irish garden shed（棚屋）with a framed glass door on the front and, in the spring, mounted（安装）it on a post in front of our house.”（第二年冬天，我丈夫仿照我们的爱尔兰花园小屋，在前面装了一扇带框的玻璃门。到了春天，他把它装在房前的一根柱子上。）可知，作者的丈夫对建造小免费图书馆很支持。故选B。
7．细节理解题。根据第三段倒第二句“Traffic to our library increased.”（来我们图书馆的人更多了。）可知，在疫情期间作者的小免费图书馆比以前更受欢迎了。故选C。
8．推理判断题。根据第五段前两句“Through my teens, reading transported me to other places and eras. Books taught me about life and how people overcame adversity（逆境）.”（在我十几岁的时候，阅读把我带到了其他的地方和时代。书籍教会了我生活以及人们如何克服逆境。）可知，第五段讲述了阅读如何塑造了作者的成长。故选A。
9．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“It’s become an alternate means of creating a community of people with mutual regard for humanity and the written word. We are together even when apart.”（它已经成为一种另类的方式，让人们建立起一个相互尊重人性和文字的社区。即使分开，我们也在一起。）可知，在疫情期间小免费图书馆的好处是它帮助创建了一个团结和有凝聚力的社区。故选D。
10．C    11．B    12．A    13．C

这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了，研究表明随着气候变暖，鸟类数量在减少，鸟的体型在缩小，翅膀也在增长，原因未知。
10．主旨大意题。本文是一篇说明文，全文围绕一项研究发现展开。由第一段第一句“As the climate warms, birds are shrinking and their wingspans are growing, according to a new study.”（一项新的研究显示，随着气候变暖，鸟类在缩小，翅膀也在增长。）和最后一段第一句“The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds to shrink.”（科学家们还不清楚为什么温度升高会导致鸟类缩小。）可知这篇文章主要讲了研究表明随着气候变暖，鸟类数量在减少，鸟的体型在缩小，翅膀也在增长，原因未知。这篇文章最好的题目是“气候变化正导致鸟类缩小”，故选C项。
11．细节理解题。由第二段的“"We found almost all of the species were getting smaller." said lead author Brian Weeks, an assistant professor at the University of Michigan.”（“我们发现几乎所有的物种都在变小。”密歇根大学助理教授Brian Weeks说。）和第三段的“"The species were pretty diverse, but responding in a similar wav." he said. "The consistency was shocking."”（他说：“这些物种非常多样化，但它们的反应是相似的。”“这种一致性令人震惊。”），可知Brian Weeks认为许多鸟类在应对气候变化时都在缩小令人震惊。故选B项。
12．词义猜测题。由倒数第三段的Mr. Weeks said, explaining that the smaller body size means less energy available for the birds to complete their long journeys.”（Weeks先生解释说，体型越小，鸟类完成长途旅行所需的能量就越少。）可知划线词所在的句子意思是迁徙是一件非常疲劳的事情，因此taxing在此处意为“疲劳的”，用tiring代替。故选A项。
13．推理判断题。由最后一段第一句“The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds to shrink.”（科学家们还不清楚为什么温度升高会导致鸟类缩小。）可知科学家还不知道气温升高导致鸟类缩小的原因，可推断出科学家们将继续深入研究。故选C项。
【点睛】推理判断题不仅要求考生读懂文章中的每个句子的意思还要推理它们之间的关系，结合自己的生活常识和经验，再通过逻辑推理和判断，理解文章的言外之意，从而揭示文章的深层涵义。推理判断题的答案不可能在文章中直接找到，因此推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，即：已知部分——推论的前提，从中推测出未知部分——推理的结论，切忌妄加评论，把自己的观点当成作者的观点。如在第4小题中，最后一段第一句“The scientists aren't exactly sure why warmer temperatures cause birds to shrink.”，是已知部分，通过结合原文进行合理地逻辑判断，可推断出科学家们将继续深入研究。故选C项。
14．B    15．C    16．D

本文是说明文，主要阐述了交朋友的一些技能。
14．主旨大意题。根据第一段中的“Making friends is a skill like many other skills. It improves with practice. If you want to meet people and make friends, you must be willing to take some measures.”可知，本文是介绍一些关于交朋友的方法和策略。B. How to Make Friends
（怎样交朋友）可以作为本篇标题。故选B项
15．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“You won’t make friends staying home alone. ”可知，独自待在家是交不到朋友的。C. avoid meeting people（避开见与人见面）符合以上说法。故选C项。
16．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“We imagine other people are judging us or finding us too tall or too short, too this or too that. But don’t forget that they must be feeling the same way. Try to accept yourself as you are and try to put the other person at ease.”可推知，交朋友时认为他太这样或太那样，是不正确的行为。D. Before making friends with someone, judge if he’s too this or too that.（在交朋友前，判断朋友太这样或者太那样）符合以上说法。故选D项
17．G    18．A    19．F    20．B    21．C

这是一篇说明文。在太空吃饭和在地球吃饭有何不同？短文介绍了科学家在计划太空用餐时考虑了几个因素。
17．根据上文“ But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it?”（但是宇航员吃什么，怎么吃？）选项承接上文，再根据下文的几个因素可知，选项总起下文。故G选项“科学家在计划太空用餐时考虑了几个因素”切题，factors呼应下文的几个具体因素。故选G项。
18．根据下文“If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it.”可知，如果提供的食物不可口，宇航员可能会不吃它。由此可知，本段在说明食物种类和口味是很重要的。故A选项“食物种类和口味是很重要的”为本段的标题，切题。故选A项。
19．根据上文“Liquids or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it.”可知，液体或食物残渣可能会进入机器或电子设备并损坏它。选项承接上文说明处于同样的原因，船上从不使用锋利的器具，且呼应下文“一把松动的小刀在船舱里乱跳是很危险的”。sharp utensils are never used onboard呼应be dangerous。故选F项。
20．根据下文“The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and home again.”可知， 必须计算航天器中每一个物体的重量，以确保有足够的燃料和动力将航天器安全地送入太空和返回家园。由此可知，本段在说明另一个考虑因素是重量。故B选项“最后，重量是一个重要的问题”切题。weight是关键词。故选B项。
21．根据下文“Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (脱水)．”可知，大多数食物都储存在塑料袋里，而且通常都是脱水的。说明食物的包装食品包装做得尽可能轻。light呼应plastic bags,dehydrated (脱水)。故选C项。

22．B    23．C    24．A    25．D    26．D    27．A    28．A    29．B    30．D    31．C    32．B    33．D    34．B    35．A    36．C

本文是一篇记叙文。作者的妈妈从来不拥抱作者或对作者说“我爱你”，但是通过妈妈为作者缝被子这件事，作者理解了妈妈在用自己的方式向作者表达“我爱你”。
22．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我知道这是一场她总有一天会输掉的战斗。A. fight打架；B. lose输掉；C. join加入；D. accept接受。根据第一句“My 70-year-old mother was fighting an 18-year battle with cancer.”可知，妈妈和癌症斗争了18年，但是作者知道，有一天妈妈会输掉这场斗争。故选B项。
23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一想到这些，我的心就碎了。A. opened打开；B. followed遵循；C. broke使心碎；D. stopped停止。句中的that指的是妈妈会输掉和癌症的斗争，所以作者一想到这件事，肯定会伤心。故选C项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：妈妈和我的关系很好，但我们的关系不像我和女儿那样亲密。A. close亲密的；B. lucky幸运的；C. helpful有帮助的；D. positive积极的。根据句中的but和下文的“in the way I was with my daughter”可知，此处作者是说作者和妈妈的关系不像她和女儿那样亲密。故选A项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：妈妈和我从来没有拥抱或说“我爱你”，就像我经常对女儿做的那样。A. met满足；B. cared关心；C. talked交谈；D. hugged拥抱。根据空格前的never和下文的“I love you”可知，妈妈从来不会通过拥抱或说出“我爱你”来表达对作者的爱。故选D项。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时我对妈妈对我的爱感到不确定。A. sensible明智的；B. hopeless无希望的；C. unhappy不高兴的；D. uncertain不确定的。根据上一句“Mom and I never 　　　　4　　　　 or said ‘I love you’ like I often do with my daughter.”可知，作者的妈妈从来不会通过拥抱或说出“我爱你”来表达对作者的爱。所以，作者不确定妈妈是否爱她。故选D项。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：“我已经开始做棉被了，我会给你做一件，”一天，母亲在电话里兴奋地宣布。A. excitedly激动地；B. bravely勇敢地；C. confusedly困惑地；D. innocently无辜地。根据上文可知，妈妈要为作者做一件被子，妈妈告诉作者这件事，肯定是感到兴奋。其它副词不符合语境。故选A项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我试图拒绝她的建议，因为这对她来说太累了，但她坚持。A. reject拒绝；B. adopt采用；C. consider考虑；D. offer提供。根据下文的“it was too tiring for her”可知，作者担心妈妈太累了，所以想拒绝妈妈给她做被子的建议。故选A项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我深感遗憾——疫情夺走了我最后一次见到妈妈、向她表达爱意的机会。A. thankfulness感激；B. regret遗憾；C. fearfulness恐惧；D. anxiety焦虑。根据下文的句子“the pandemic took away my last chance to see Mom and show my love to her.”可知，因为疫情，作者没能见妈妈最后一面并向妈妈表达爱意，所以作者感到遗憾。故选B项。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有一天，我决定自己试着为女儿缝制被子。A. excuse借口；B. miss未命中；C. look外观；D. try尝试。根据空格前的动词give和选项中的单词可知，此处是考查固定搭配give (somebody/something) a try“尝试做某事”。故选D项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我仔细地选择了我认为她会喜欢的布料，也许我还在试图用这种方式建立我和妈妈之间的联系。A. abandoned废弃；B. discovered发现；C. chose选择；D. destroyed毁灭。根据空格前的副词carefully和上一句提到的作者想为女儿缝被子可知，作者是为女儿选择她喜欢的布料。故选C项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我仔细地选择了我认为她会喜欢的布料，也许我还在试图用这种方式建立我和妈妈之间的联系。A. combination组合；B. connection联系；C. competition竞争；D. comparison比较。根据空格后的“between Mom and myself”可知，作者想通过为女儿缝被子建立和妈妈之间的联系。故选B项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，我拿到了妈妈留给我的被子。A. afforded承担得起，买得起；B. lent借出；C. bought购买；D. left留下。根据第四段的句子“My quilt was Mom’s last one. A month later, I got a call from Dad saying Mom was gone.”可知，妈妈为作者做完被子后不久就去世了，所以被子是妈妈留给作者的。故选D项。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我打开它，看到的东西引起了我的注意。A. imagination想象；B. attention注意；C. coat外套；D. foot英尺。根据句意和空格前的动词caught以及选项中的单词可知，此处是考查固定搭配catch one’s attention（吸引了……的注意）。故选B项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在一些难以理解的事情终于变得清晰起来。A. understand理解；B. admit承认；C. remember记住；D. change更改。根据第二段的句子“Mom and I never　　　　4　　　　or said ‘I love you’ like I often do with my daughter. Sometimes I felt　　　　5　　　　about Mom’s love for me.”可知，原来作者是不理解妈妈对她的爱。故选A项。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：妈妈用她自己的方式，默默地说出了我渴望听到的那三个美丽的字：“我爱你”。A. surprised惊讶的；B. afraid害怕的；C. eager渴望的；D. unwilling不愿意的。根据第二段的句子“Mom and I never　　　　4　　　　 or said ‘I love you’ like I often do with my daughter. Sometimes I felt　　　　5　　　　about Mom’s love for me.”可知，作者是渴望妈妈对她说“我爱你”这三个字的。故选C项。

37．the    38．gained    39．to go    40．But    41．teammates    42．competitors    43．who    44．logically    45．to    46．talking

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲了作者参加了第十六届自然英语竞赛，入围前十。作者感谢这次比赛和朋友的帮助，作者现在在舞台上感觉很放松，说话也很自信。
37．考查冠词。句意：暑假期间，我参加了第十六届自然英语竞赛，获得了前十的成绩，获得了宝贵的经验。序数词前用定冠词the，表示“第……”。故填the。
38．考查时态和语态。句意：暑假期间，我参加了第十六届自然英语竞赛，获得了前十的成绩，获得了宝贵的经验。提示词是并列谓语动词，与主语I之间是主动关系，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。故填gained。
39．考查非谓语动词。句意：我从没想过会走那么远。expect to do“期望做某事”，用不定式作宾语。故填to go。
40．考查连词。句意：但是，就在那一刻，我开始了漫长的旅程。根据句意，上下文表示转折关系；句首单词首字母大写。故填But。
41．考查名词。句意：我的一个队友，我在学校的好朋友，在比赛中给了我很多鼓励和建议。one of+可数名词复数，表示“……之一”。故填teammates。
42．考查名词。句意：她的想法新颖而有力，在与竞争对手竞争时，她保持着冷静。根据句意和空格前形容词性物主代词her可知，应填入名词competitor作宾语，意为“竞争者，对手”，又因竞争对手不止一个，应用其复数形式competitors。故填competitors。
43．考查定语从句。句意：她就像我的教练，教我如何在网上搜索相关资料，如何有逻辑地表达自己的观点。分析句子可知，空格处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词coach，指人，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who引导该定语从句。填who。
44．考查副词。句意：她就像我的教练，教我如何在网上搜索相关资料，如何有逻辑地表达自己的观点。修饰动词express用副词logically，意为“逻辑上；合乎逻辑”。所以填logically。
45．考查固定短语和介词。句意：多亏了这次比赛和我朋友的帮助，我现在在舞台上感觉很放松，说话也很自信。thanks to是固定短语，意为“多亏了”，to是介词。故填to。
46．考查状语从句的省略。句意：多亏了这次比赛和我朋友的帮助，我现在在舞台上感觉很放松，说话也很自信。在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。结合句意，分析子可知，“when 　　　　 (talk)”是时间状语从句，原句为“when I am talking”，符合状语从句省略条件，省略I am后，应保留现在分词talking。填talking。
47．Notice
A non-profit campaign about garbage classification will be launched in the centre garden of our community from 9 a.m. to 11 a.m. this Sunday morning. All residents as well as foreign friends are welcome.
Volunteers need to hand out the leaflets and explained to residents who have puzzles on how to sort out different wastes in our life. Also, some volunteers are to help organize an on-site prize-giving contest game, aiming to popularize the common sense of garbage classification and enliven the atmosphere.
For those who have interest, please sign up in the community office before Thursday. Your involvement will be greatly appreciated.
Qingquan Community Office
本篇书面表达属于应用文。你所居住的清泉社区将进行一次全民垃圾分类活动，请你代社区写一则英文通知，呼吁社区内外国友人参与。
【详解】1.词汇积累
分发：hand out→distribute
市民：resident→citizen
启动：launch→start
使恢复：enliven→refresh
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Also, some volunteers are to help organize an on-site prize-giving contest game, aiming to popularize the common sense of garbage classification and enliven the atmosphere.
拓展句：Also, some volunteers are to help organize an on-site prize-giving contest game, whose aim is to popularize the common sense of garbage classification and enliven the atmosphere.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Volunteers need to hand out the leaflets and explained to residents who have puzzles on how to sort out different wastes in our life. (运用了who引导定语从句)
[高分句型2] Also, some volunteers are to help organize an on-site prize-giving contest game, aiming to popularize the common sense of garbage classification and enliven the atmosphere. (运用了现在分词作状语)
48．       “Must be sock-eating ants. Oh, yes, I had a bite from one of those ants” she said. I was relieved to hear what she said and knew that she was here to help me resolve the upcoming embarrassing situation. I thought when playing with her in the yard, she must have seen my holey socks, so she understood what I was worried about. But Miss Bell looked somewhat confused. After I took off my shoes, the pair of socks with holes appeared, but I was not embarrassed. Miss Womble continued, “Look, these little things have bitten the socks, causing some holes. Fortunately, having been bitten before I know what to do. Please pass me the first aid kit.” Then she gently helped me take off my socks.
       Miss Bell handed her the first aid kit. She carefully applied potion on each bite. After the treatment, I put on my socks. At this time, I felt that the socks were not so ugly and embarrassing. Those holes were like open mouths, smiling happily. Even until now, I don’t know whether there are sock-eating ants, but I know there is a considerate teacher.

这是一篇读后续写，文章以破洞的袜子为线索，讲述了作者被有毒的蚂蚁叮咬了脚部，需要脱开袜子治疗，但自己的袜子有洞。虽然作者母亲常常教导他们袜子破洞没关系，干净最重要，但想到自己的破洞袜子会被同学和老师看见，作者内心感到尴尬，因此不愿意脱袜子。就在这时Miss Womble来了。
【详解】1.段落续写
①根据第一段首句“‘一定是吃袜子的蚂蚁。哦，是的，我被其中一只蚂蚁咬了一口，’她说。”可知，下文可描述作者和Miss Bell听到这个说法的反应，以及作者因此不为袜子有洞而感到尴尬。
①根据第二段首句“Miss Bell把急救箱递给她。”可知，下文可描述治疗完后的事情，以及作者的感悟。
2.续写线索
Miss Womble谎称有咬袜子的蚂蚁——作者明白Miss Womble是来帮自己——Miss Bell感到疑惑——作者没有为袜子有洞感到尴尬——治疗伤口——穿上袜子——感悟
3.词类激活
行为类
①知道：know/learn/be aware of/understand
②出现：appear/show up
③递：pass/hand
情绪类
尴尬的：embarrassed/awkward
不解的：confused/puzzled
体贴的：considerate/thoughtful
【点睛】[高分句型1]I was relieved to hear what she said and knew that she was here to help me resolve the upcoming embarrassing situation. （运用了what和that引导宾语从句）
[高分句型2]After the treatment, I put on my socks. At this time, I felt that the socks were not so ugly.（运用了that引导表语从句）