2022-2023学年吉林省吉林市第一中学高二上学期期末测试英语试题（解析版）

这是一份2022-2023学年吉林省吉林市第一中学高二上学期期末测试英语试题（解析版），共22页。试卷主要包含了英语学科考试时间为13，听力播放时间为14等内容，欢迎下载使用。
21级高二上(线上)阶段性测试考试(英语)试卷
注意：1.英语学科考试时间为13:00-15:00，智学网提交时间为15:00-15:10。
2.听力播放时间为14:40-15:00(自行播放，但不能提前)。
第一部分 听力(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What color clothes does the man prefer wearing?
A. Dark blue. B. Yellow. C. Black.
2. What does the man need?
A. A pass for a subway train.
B. Directions to a subway station.
C. A ticket for a long-distance train.
3. What does Terry want Jenny to do?
A. Lend him a bank card. B. Teach him to use an app. C. Give his money back.
4. What will the woman do next?
A. Have another drink. B. Pay for her meal. C. Look at the menu.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A book. B. Report cards. C. Famous authors.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What is John’s opinion of working in the office?
A. It is more fun. B. It is quite noisy. C. It is too busy.
7. What does Alice probably like to do at lunchtime?
A. Talk with others. B. Rest in the office. C. Take a walk.
听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。
8. What is the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Co-workers. B. Doctor and patient. C. Health expert and audience.
9. How has Mary recently improved her health?
A. By quitting smoking. B. By eating healthier foods. C. By sleeping more every night.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. Why did the kids probably stay up late last night?
A. It was weekend yesterday. B. They waited for their father. C. Their neighbor visited them.
11. What did the woman do when the noise was gone?
A. She went to sleep. B. She turned off the light. C. She went up for a look.
12. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A. At the woman’s home. B. At a furniture shop. C. At a police station.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. What is Vince’s favorite thing?
A. Making models. B. Drawing cartoons. C. Taking photos.
14. How much will be awarded for the third prize winners in total?
A. $500. B. $400. C. $300.
15. How did Beth find out about the event?
A. By learning from a friend. B. By reading a newspaper. C. By visiting a website.
16. When is the deadline for taking part in the competition?
A. By the end of July. B. By the end of August. C. By the end of September.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. Why does the speaker leave the message for Victoria?
A. To tell her not to give up.
B. To help her improve her grades.
C. To recommend his exchange programs.
18. Where is Victoria from?
A. China. B. France. C. The UK.
19. How long did the speaker study overseas?
A. For one month. B. For five months. C. For three years.
20. Who does the speaker suggest Victoria talk to?
A. Her friends. B. Her teachers. C. Her mother.
第二部分 阅读理解 (共两节，满分50分)
第一节 (共15小题; 每小题2.5分, 满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
See the Exhibitions on View Just for You
Bernd & Hilla Becher
The famous German couple Bernd and Hilla Becher (1931-2007; 1934-2015) changed the course of late 20th-century photography. Working as a rare like-minded and professional couple, they focused on a single subject: the disappearing industrial architecture of Western Europe and North America that fueled the modern time.
Fictions of Emancipation: Carpeaux Recast
Organized around a single object — the marble sculpture (雕塑) Why Born Enslaved! By French sculptor Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux — Fictions of Emancipation: Carpeaux Recast is the first exhibition in the Metropolitan Museum of Art to examine Western sculpture in relation to the histories of Western slavery, colonialism, and empire.
Chroma: Ancient Sculpture in Color
Ancient Greek and Roman sculpture was once colorful, vividly painted and richly decorated. Chroma: Ancient Sculpture in Color tells the colorful backstory of polychromy — meaning “many colors” in Greek — and presents new discoveries of surviving ancient color on artworks in the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s world-class collection.
Hear Me Now: The Black Potters of Old Edgefield, South Carolina
Focusing on the work of African American potters (陶工) in the 19th-century American South — in dialogue with contemporary artistic responses — the exhibition presents approximately 50 objects from Old Edgefield District, South Carolina, a center of stoneware production in the decades before the Civil War.
1. What were Bernd and Hilla Becher?
A. Historians. B. Architects. C. Journalists. D. Photographers.
2. What does Chroma: Ancient Sculpture in Color focus on?
A. Ancient Greek and Roman sculpture’s colors.
B. The Metropolitan Museum of Art’s collections.
C. The background of Greek and Roman sculpture.
D. New discoveries about ancient Greek and Roman.
3. Which exhibition has something to do with American South?
A. Chroma: Ancient Sculpture in Color.
B. Hear Me Now: The Black Potters of Old Edgefield, South Carolina.
C. Bernd & Hilla Becher.
D. Fictions of Emancipation: Carpeaux Recast.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了美国大都会艺术博物馆的四个展览。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据Bernd & Hilla Becher中“The famous German couple Bernd and Hilla Becher (1931-2007; 1934-2015) changed the course of late 20th-century photography.(德国著名夫妇Bernd和Hilla Becher (1931-2007；1934-2015)改变了20世纪晚期摄影的进程。)”可推知，Bernd和Hilla Becher夫妇是摄影师。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Chroma: Ancient Sculpture in Color中“Chroma: Ancient Sculpture in Color tells the colorful backstory of polychromy — meaning ‘many colors’ in Greek — and presents new discoveries of surviving ancient color on artworks in the Metropolitan Museum of Art’s world-class collection.”（《色彩：古代彩色雕塑》讲述了多色(在希腊语中是“许多颜色”的意思)的丰富背景故事，并在大都会艺术博物馆世界级收藏的艺术品中展示了幸存的古代色彩的新发现。）可知，Chroma: Ancient Sculpture in Color聚焦于古罗马和古希腊的雕塑的色彩。故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Hear Me Now: The Black Potters of Old Edgefield, South Carolin中“Focusing on the work of African American potters (陶工) in the 19th-century American South”（该展览聚焦于19世纪美国南部非裔美国陶艺家的作品）可知，Hear Me Now: The Black Potters of Old Edgefield, South Carolina展览与19世纪美国南部有关。故选B项。
B
I carried the flame in 1984 in the Torch Relay as it made its way across the country to the Olympics in Los Angeles. I wasn’t an Olympic athlete. My dad did some voluntary work for the Olympics that year, for which I was able to carry the flame. Still it makes me realize that all sorts of honors can come our way unexpectedly.
On one May night, the flame had just begun its journey across America, covering around 15,000 kilometers. It inched its way along the coast from New York, each runner carrying it for a kilometer. Some of the runners were famous and admired. Others were common people like me and supporters of the event.
I had already. been sent a uniform and the official torch. I held it as I stood waiting in the dusk for the flame to arrive. Part of me wondered if it would even arrive. Would they ever find enough runners to cover that ambitious distance?
All at once it happened. A runner appeared and lit my torch. I was sent on my way. People lined the road, clapping and shouting as I passed, not for me, but for what I represented: the free expression of athletic skills and the celebration of talent, devotion, and discipline. Soon I passed the flame on to the next runner. I think we all have these opportunities to carry the torch of our faith and our values, because we can all be the light of this world. We might wonder if what we have to do or say or show will even matter. But we should step out, lit by our faith and values, and meet people waiting for us all along.
4. What can we infer from the first two paragraphs?
A. The Torch Relay begun in Los Angeles.
B. Not all flame carriers are athletes.
C. The author’s experience made him stand out.
D. Great honor came to the author’s father.
5. How did the author feel when waiting for the flame to arrive?
A. Excited. B. Proud. C. Worried. D. Panicked.
6. Why did the people on the roadside clap?
A. To celebrate the Olympic spirits. B. To encourage the runners.
C. To show their love for sports. D. To praise Olympic athletes.
7. What does the author call on people to do in the end?
A. Keep to their values. B. Attend the Olympics.
C. Let their light shine. D. Carry Olympic torches.
【答案】4. B 5. C 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己传递奥运火炬的难忘经历，他认为我们都有机会传递我们的信仰和价值观，因为我们都可以成为这个世界的光明。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中的“I wasn’t an Olympic athlete. My dad did some voluntary work for the Olympics that year, for which I was able to carry the flame.(我不是奥运会运动员。那年，我爸爸为奥运会做了一些志愿工作，我也参加了传递圣火的活动)”和第二段中的“Some of the runners were famous and admired. Others were common people like me and supporters of the event.(有些运动员很有名，很受人尊敬。其他人是像我一样的普通人和活动的支持者)”可知，作者不是运动员，因为作者的父亲，作者获得了传递奥运火炬的机会。由此推知，传递火炬的人并不是都是运动员。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Part of me wondered if it would even arrive. Would they ever find enough runners to cover that ambitious distance? (我有点怀疑它到底能不能到。他们能找到足够多的选手跑完这个雄心勃勃的距离吗？)”可推知，当作者在等待时，他是有点担心、不确定的。故选C。
【6题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段中的“People lined the road, clapping and shouting as I passed, not for me, but for what I represented: the free expression of athletic skills and the celebration of talent, devotion, and discipline.(人们在道路两旁，当我经过时鼓掌欢呼，不是为了我，而是为了我所代表的东西：运动技能的自由表达，对天赋、奉献和纪律的颂扬)”可知，路边的人们鼓掌颂扬奥林匹克精神。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“I think we all have these opportunities to carry the torch of our faith and our values, because we can all be the light of this world. We might wonder if what we have to do or say or show will even matter. But we should step out, lit by our faith and values, and meet people waiting for us all along.(我认为我们都有机会传递我们的信仰和价值观，因为我们都可以成为这个世界的光明。我们可能会想，我们所做的、所说的或展示的是否重要。但我们应该走出去，被我们的信仰和价值观照亮，去见见一直在等着我们的人)”可推知，作者最后呼吁人们点亮自己信念和价值观的“火炬”，发光发热。故选C。
C
This painting Spring Bouquet has a precise structure. The flowers spill over into the lower left-hand corner, with an imbalance as free and as wild as nature. But at once the artist responds to this unbalance. To the right of the vase, Renoir has developed a heavy shadow area, rich in purples and sharply contrasted with the light below it. The placing of the straight line in the lower right side is necessary. If the reader covers this line, he will see that the composition becomes unbalanced.
The Impressionist technique had not yet developed when Renoir painted this picture. Yet the painting with light and color indicates Impressionism is around the corner; there is something of that school in the feeling of the out-of-doors that Renoir has acquired. The texture (纹理) of the flowers is described. Above all, one can’t help saying the very nice smell of the flowers is there, too.
Pierre-Auguste Renoir was born in 1841. He began working as a young painter of porcelain and textiles. At age 21, Renoir entered the École des Beaux-Arts in Paris and went on to study under the instructions of painter Charles Gleyre’s. Even though his paintings had been initially rejected by the Academy and the public, with time he became one of the most admired artists of his generation.
Unfortunately, in 1899, he was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (风湿性关节炎). It is a disease that causes a lot of pain. In addition, the person affected by it may also have deformities (畸形). Consequently, his movements became very limited and each movement was a big and certainly painful effort.
His son, Jean Renoir, writes in the book Renoir, My Father after his father passed away, the reaction of the people to the painting of the father, after seeing his hands:
Visitors who were unprepared for this could not take their eyes off his deformity. Though they did not dare to mention it, their reaction would be expressed by some such phrase as “It isn’t possible!” With hands like that, how can he paint those pictures? There’s some mystery somewhere.
8. What can readers see in the painting?
A. A vase in the left corner. B. A shadow to the vase’s right.
C. A straight line at the bottom. D. A natural light in the middle.
9. What seems quite special about this picture when people appreciate it?
A. The painting material. B. The color choice.
C. The smelly flower taste. D. The impressive feeling.
10. What does the underlined word “this” in the last paragraph refer to?
A. Renoir, My Father. B. Spring Bouquet.
C. Rheumatoid arthritis. D. Renoir’s bravery.
11. Which can be a suitable title for the text?
A. Patience Is a Lifetime Practice B. Pain Passes, but Beauty Remains
C. Impressionism Is a Unique Technique D. Work hard, and You Will Catch Up
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. C 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要描述了著名法国画家雷诺阿（Renoir）的代表作品Spring Bouquet（春之花束），这幅画使用的灯光和颜色表明印象派即将到来。后来他因患上风湿关节炎，导致手严重变形，但他也坚持画画，让游客惊叹不已。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“To the right of the vase, Renoir has developed a heavy shadow area, rich in purples and sharply contrasted with the light below it.”（在花瓶的右边，雷诺阿（Renoir）构造了一个厚重的、充满紫色的阴影区域，与下面的光线形成了鲜明的对比。）可知，读者在这幅画中可以看到，花瓶的右边有一块紫色的阴影部分。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The Impressionist technique had not yet developed when Renoir painted this picture. Yet the painting with light and color indicates Impressionism is around the corner; there is something of that school in the feeling of the out-of-doors that Renoir has acquired. The texture (纹理) of the flowers is described. Above all, one can’t help saying the very nice smell of the flowers is there, too.”（雷诺阿（Renoir）画这幅画时，印象派的技法还没有发展起来。然而，这幅带有光和色彩的画表明印象派即将到来；在雷诺阿所获得的户外的感觉中有一些那个学派的东西。花的条纹被描绘出来了。最重要的是，人们不禁会说，还有鲜花的芳香。）可知，人们在欣赏这幅画时，已经能感受到印象派技法了，因为它给人们留下了深刻的印象。故选D项。
【10题详解】
词句猜测题。根据倒数第三段“Unfortunately, in 1899, he was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (风湿性关节炎). It is a disease that causes a lot of pain. In addition, the person affected by it may also have deformities (畸形). Consequently, his movements became very limited and each movement was a big and certainly painful effort. ”（不幸的是，在1899年，他被诊断出类风湿关节炎。这是一种会引起很多痛苦的疾病。此外，受其影响的人也可能有畸形。因此，他的动作变得非常有限，每一个动作都是巨大而痛苦的努力。）可知，雷诺阿（Renoir）后期在创作画时，承受了极大的痛苦，付出了巨大的努力；再根据最后一段中“Visitors who were unprepared for this could not take their eyes off his deformity. ”（那些对这毫无准备的游客无法将目光从他畸形的手上移开。）可知，不了解他患风湿性关节炎的游客，对他手的畸形很好奇，都目不转睛的看着，所以“this”在这里指代的就是上文的风湿关节炎。故选C项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Visitors who were unprepared for this could not take their eyes off his deformity. Though they did not dare to mention it, their reaction would be expressed by some such phrase as “It isn’t possible!” With hands like that, how can he paint those pictures? There’s some mystery somewhere.”（那些对这毫无准备的游客无法将目光从他畸形的手上移开。虽然他们不敢提，他们的反应却是“这是不可能的!”有那样的手，他怎么能画出那样的画？应该是有什么秘诀。）可知，虽然雷诺阿（Renoir）因为风湿关节炎导致手变形了，承受了极大的痛苦，但也坚持创作出绝美的作品，留与后人欣赏。故选B项。
D
During the most worldwide pandemic (流行病) in a century, it’s time to take a closer look at what may result in loneliness. “A common belief is that the loneliest people are those who are alone; actually, it’s important to separate the two.” said Dr. Perissinotto, a professor at the University of California. “Kids with their families can be lonely because they can’t see the friends at school; people who are not physically isolated can feel lonely because the community doesn’t welcome them in; and older adults can experience loneliness through death of a loved one.” What leads to loneliness is much deeper than being alone.
With the pandemic exacerbating loneliness issues, an increasing number of health professionals are concerned about the mental and physical health risks associated with loneliness. That’s why it’s time to look more closely at what we can do about loneliness.
“When it comes to fighting loneliness, the key is not looking at circumstances and assuming what feelings should be associated with it, but actually asking yourself if you are lonely,” Perissinotto said. “If your solitude (独处) is a choice and you have people who can support you if you need help, there is no saying you can’t live a happy life.” And just as solitude doesn’t necessarily equal loneliness, interaction doesn’t mean fulfillment (成就感) for everyone, according to Hawkley, a professor at the University of Chicago.
Hawkley divides connections into three primary types and holds that loneliness may result from a lack of any of them. “The first type happens when someone like a spouse (配偶) is so close to you that part of your identity becomes closely connected with his or hers. Then there is the second type, which you establish with your close friends, as well as the third type — those interactions that make you feel part of a community.”
It is suggested that one should recognize what kind of loss of connection his loneliness is coming from and then evaluate the quality of his various relationships. recognizing the kind of connection that one is eager for and the quality of the relationships he already has are important first steps, but where one goes from there depends entirely on his specific circumstance.
12. The underlined word “exacerbating” in paragraph 2 most probably means ________.
A. confusing B. exploring C. worsening D. solving
13. According to the passage, Perissinotto probably agrees that ________.
A. people who live alone are much more likely to feel lonely
B. those choosing to be alone do not necessarily feel unhappy
C. asking someone if he’s lonely doesn’t help fight loneliness
D. death of loved ones is the main cause of people’s loneliness
14. What can we conclude from the last two paragraphs?
A. There’re no obvious connections among three different types of loneliness.
B. Hawkley holds that people lacking one of the three connections feel lonely.
C. The quality of one’s relationships is as important as his specific circumstance.
D. Recognizing one’s missing connection is helpful in dealing with loneliness.
15. What is the passage mainly about?
A. Causes of loneliness and ways to deal with it.
B. Differences between being alone and lonely.
C. Effects of a pandemic on people’s way of keeping connected.
D. Reasons for people’s loneliness and importance of fighting it.
【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章强调了在疫情期间对于孤独的研究的重要性，并介绍了研究结果，提出了应对建议。
【12题详解】
词句猜测题。划线词句后半部分“an increasing number of health professionals are concerned about the mental and physical health risks associated with loneliness. (越来越多的卫生专业人员担心与孤独相关的心理和身体健康风险)”说明关注孤独造成的身心健康问题的专业人员越来越多，说明孤独问题更加严重了，从而推知划线部分“With the pandemic exacerbating loneliness issues (随着疫情exacerbating孤独问题)”故其中划线词汇应为“使更严重”的意思，选项C“使变得更糟糕”与之意义最为接近。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中Perissinotto所说“If your solitude (独处) is a choice and you have people who can support you if you need help, there is no saying you can’t live a happy life. (如果你选择独处，当你需要帮助的时候有人会支持你，没有人说你就不能过上快乐的生活)”可知，Perissinotto认为选择独处的人不一定会感到不快乐。故选B。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“Hawkley divides connections into three primary types and holds that loneliness can stem from the sensing of a lack of any of them. (Hawkley将联系分为三种主要类型，并认为孤独可能源于感觉缺少某种联系)”以及最后一段中“It is suggested that one identify what kind of loss of connection his loneliness is coming from and then evaluate the quality of his various relationships.(建议一个人确定他的孤独来自于什么样的联系缺失，然后评估他的各种关系的质量)”等可知，认识到自己缺失的联系有助于应对孤独。故选D。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“During the most worldwide pandemic (流行病) in a century, it’s time to take a closer look at what may result in loneliness. “A common belief is that the loneliest people are those who are alone; actually, it’s important to separate the two.” said Dr. Perissinotto, a professor at the University of California. “Kids with their families can be lonely because they can’t see the friends at school; people who are not physically isolated can feel lonely because the community doesn’t welcome them in; and older adults can experience loneliness through death of a loved one.” What leads to loneliness is much deeper than being alone.(在一个世纪以来最全球性的疫情期间，是时候仔细看看可能导致孤独的原因了。“人们普遍认为，最孤独的人是那些独身的人；事实上，把两者分开很重要。加州大学教授佩里斯诺托说。“和家人在一起的孩子可能会感到孤独，因为他们在学校看不到朋友；那些没有被隔离的人会感到孤独，因为社区不欢迎他们加入；老年人会因为爱人的去世而感到孤独。”导致孤独的原因比独自一人更深)”结合文章强调了在疫情期间对于孤独的研究的重要性，并介绍了研究结果，提出了应对建议。可知，这篇文章主要讲的是孤独的原因和应对方法。故选A。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Climate change has increased average temperatures by 1℃ over the past century, making heat waves more frequent and intense than those from any other point in recorded history. ____16____ A study published in the journal Nature Climate Change found global warming responsible for 37 percent of heat-related deaths between 1991 and 2018.
The following is what happens if you’re the next to be killed. First, your brain sends a series of messages to your sweat glands telling them to increase sweat production. Then your heart starts beating faster to pump blood to the skin while blood flow is directed away from important organs(器官) like your liver, kidneys and gut. ____17____
If heat stroke occurs, your body might get hot and direct so much oxygen-rich blood to the skin that it suffocates(把…闷死) vital internal organs. If your body fails to cool you down, its internal temperature might start to climb from a normal level to about 104 degrees. ____18____ You may feel it start as a dull headache. Before long, you might lose consciousness. Your brain might begin to swell.
While you struggle to stay awake and avoid dizzying confusion, the excessive internal heat is damaging your gut, consequently causing an inflammatory(发炎的) response. ____19____
That’s just part of what we know about how extreme heat kills you. ____20____ A lot of what we know comes from studies on animal models, like mice and rats, or from examinations of people dying of heat stroke.
A. As the heat rises quickly, so does the death number.
B. That’s because we can’t study it in humans in the laboratory.
C. As temperatures tick ever higher, that figure may well rise.
D. At that temperature, your brain becomes affected.
E. Surviving the organ failure might require an emergency transplant.
F. Sometimes that alone is enough to create problems for a weak or aging heart.
G. Left untreated, what follows is a flood of organ failure that leads to your death.
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. D 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章解释了极端高温导致人类生病或死亡的原因。
【16题详解】
根据空后的“A study published in the journal Nature Climate Change found global warming responsible for 37 percent of heat-related deaths between 1991 and 2018.(发表在《自然气候变化》杂志上的一项研究发现，1991年至2018年期间，37%的热相关死亡是由全球变暖造成的。)”可是，前文应该强调的是热浪造成死亡即二者之间的正关系。A选项“As the heat rises quickly, so does the death number.(随着气温迅速上升死亡人数也随之上升)”符合语境，引起下文。故选A。
【17题详解】
根据前文的“Then your heart starts beating faster to pump blood to the skin while blood flow is directed away from important organs(器官) like your liver, kidneys and gut. (然后你的心跳开始加快，将血液泵入皮肤，而血液则从肝脏、肾脏和肠道等重要器官流向别处。)”可知，此处从热浪对身体各个器官产生影响的机理入手，对热浪造成死亡的原因进行分析，由此后文应该阐述的该消极影响所产生的后果。F选项“Sometimes that alone is enough to create problems for a weak or aging heart.(有时，这本身就足以给虚弱或衰老的心脏带来问题。)”中的that指代的是前文中“First, your brain sends a series of messages to your sweat glands telling them to increase sweat production. (首先，你的大脑向汗腺发送一系列信息，告诉它们增加汗液的分泌。)”或“Then your heart starts beating faster to pump blood to the skin while blood flow is directed away from important organs(器官) like your liver, kidneys and gut.(然后你的心跳开始加快，将血液泵入皮肤，而血液则从肝脏、肾脏和肠道等重要器官流向别处。)”的任何一种情况，符合句意。故选F。
【18题详解】
根据前文的“If your body fails to cool you down, its internal temperature might start to climb from a normal level to about 104 degrees.(如果你的身体不能给你降温，它的内部温度可能会从正常水平攀升到104华氏度左右。)”可知，后文强调身体内部温度可能会从正常水平攀升到104华氏度左右的结果。D选项“At that temperature, your brain becomes affected.(在那种温度下，你的大脑会受到影响。)”中的that temperature与前文呼应。故选D
【19题详解】
根据前文“While you struggle to stay awake and avoid dizzying confusion, the excessive internal heat is damaging your gut, consequently causing an inflammatory(发炎的) response.(当你努力保持清醒，避免眼花缭乱的混乱时，过多的内热正在损害你的肠道，从而导致炎症反应。)”可知，后文应该承接的是应该及时治疗由内热正在损害你的肠道，从而导致炎症，否则会造成死亡。G选项“Left untreated, what follows is a flood of organ failure that leads to your death.(如果不及时治疗，随之而来的是大量器官衰竭，最终导致死亡。)”符合语境。故选G。
【20题详解】
根据后文的“A lot of what we know comes from studies on animal models, like mice and rats, or from examinations of people dying of heat stroke.(我们知道的很多信息都来自于对动物模型的研究，比如小鼠和大鼠，或者来自对中暑死亡者的检查。)”可知，关于极端高温造成人类死亡的原因我们仅仅其中一部分的原因，是因为我们所获得的很多信息都来自于对动物模型的研究，因为我们不能对人类机体本身进行研究。故B选项“That’s because we can’t study it in humans in the laboratory.(这是因为我们无法在实验室中对人类进行研究。)”承上启下。故选B。
第三部分 语言运用(共三节，满分45分)
第一节 完形填空 (共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Amy Jandrisevits knows the value of a good doll. “Dolls have a ___21___ we don’t completely understand,” she told The Today Show. It’s a ___22___ she came to while working as a pediatric oncology (儿科肿瘤学) social worker, using dolls to help children adapt to their medical situations. Many of the kids saw themselves in those dolls. ___23___ , for the kids missing an arm or who had lost their hair, there were none they could relate to.
So, seven years ago, when a friend revealed that her child was transgender (跨性别的), Jandrisevits knew what might help the youth through this ___24___ period. “It’s hard to tell a kid, ‘You are perfect the way you are,’ but ___25___ offer them anything that looks like them,” she says.
Jandrisevits ___26___ changing that. She made a doll by hand that looked like her friend’s child and sent it off. After the friend ___27___ a photo online of the happy child and the doll, another woman asked Jandrisevits to make a doll for her baby, who was missing a leg.
Word ___28___ , and soon Jandrisevits was making dolls for children with scars, birthmarks and facial deformities (畸形)— ___29___ , a doll that looked like them. She ____30____ her job and started a nonprofit, A Doll Like Me.
Working at home, it takes Jandrisevits ____31____ seven hours to make each doll. A GoFundMe page helps her ____32____ the costs. She hasn’t ____33____ for a doll since she began her nonprofit.
In all she’s made more than 400 dolls. The waiting list is long, but Jandrisevits is ____34____ . As she explains on her GoFundMe page, “Every kid, ____35____ gender, age, or medical issue, should look into the sweet face of a doll and see their own.”
21. A. face B. fate C. power D. quality
22. A. decision B. position C. confusion D. conclusion
23. A. Therefore B. However C. Besides D. Moreover
24. A. frightening B. touching C. challenging D. astonishing
25. A. sometimes B. never C. always D. occasionally
26. A. went after B. went against C. went about D. went through
27. A. posted B. shot C. downloaded D. selected
28. A. counted B. escaped C. failed D. spread
29. A. by contrast B. in addition C. in short D. after all
30. A. landed B. quit C. sought D. lost
31. A. merely B. exactly C. definitely D. roughly
32. A. cover B. analyze C. calculate D. increase
33. A. charged B. paid C. accounted D. allowed
34. A. tired B. unsatisfied C. defeated D. unbowed
35. A. aside from B. regardless of C. rather than D. due to
【答案】21. C 22. D 23. B 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. B 31. D 32. A 33. A 34. D 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了Jandrisevits专做“有缺陷”的玩具娃娃，给无数有缺陷的孩子带去温暖。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：“玩具娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量，”她告诉《今日秀》。A. face脸；B. fate命运；C. power力量；D. quality质量。根据下文“we don’t completely understand”可知，玩具娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量。故选C项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是她在担任儿科肿瘤社会工作者时得出的结论，她使用玩具娃娃帮助孩子适应他们的医疗状况。A. decision决定；B. position位置；C. confusion困惑；D. conclusion结论。come to a conclusion得出结论。根据上文“Dolls have a ___1___we don’t completely understand”可知，Jandrisevits在做儿科肿瘤社工时得出这样的结论——玩具娃娃有一种我们不完全理解的力量。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，对于那些失去一只胳膊或失去头发的孩子来说，它们没有任何关系。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Besides此外；D. Moreover此外。结合上文“Many of the kids saw themselves in those dolls”（许多孩子在那些洋娃娃身上看到自己）可知，此处前后为转折关系，故选B项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，七年前，当一位朋友透露她的孩子是跨性别者时，Jandrisevits知道什么可以帮助这个年轻人度过这个充满挑战的时期。A. frightening恐怖的；B. touching感人的；C. challenging挑战性的；D. astonishing令人惊讶的。结合上文“when a friend revealed that her child was transgender”可知，孩子是跨性别者，这对孩子来说是有挑战性的，故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：“很难告诉一个孩子，‘你现在这样就很完美’，但从不给他们任何看起来像他们的东西，”她说。 A. sometimes有时；B. never从不；C. always总是；D. occasionally偶尔。根据上文“You are perfect the way you are”和“but”表转折可知，此处表示“从不”，即很难在从不给他们任何看起来像他们的东西的前提下，告诉他们是完美的。故选B项。
【26题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：Jandrisevits试图改变这一点。A. went after追赶；B. went against反对；C. went about着手；D. went through经历。结合下文“She made a doll by hand that looked like her friend’s child and sent it off”（她亲手做了一个娃娃，看起来像她朋友的孩子，然后把它送了出去）可知，Jandrisevits在着手改变，故选C项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Jandrisevits的朋友在网上发布了一张快乐的孩子和可爱的玩具娃娃的照片后，另一个女人让Jandrisevits做一个看起来像她的孩子的玩具娃娃，她的孩子刚刚失去了一条腿。A. posted发布；B. shot射击；C. downloaded下载；D. selected选择。根据后文“a photo online”可知，将照片发布到网上。故选A项。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：消息传开了，很快她就开始为有伤疤、胎记和面部障碍的孩子制作娃娃——简而言之，就是一个看起来像他们的玩具娃娃。A. counted数数；B. escaped逃跑；C. failed失败；D. spread传播。结合下文“soon Jandrisevits was making dolls for children with scars, birthmarks and facial deformities”可知，此处表示消息传开，很多人找Jandrisevits做像自己孩子的玩具娃娃。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：消息传开了，很快她就开始为有伤疤、胎记和面部障碍的孩子制作娃娃——简而言之，就是一个看起来像他们的玩具娃娃。A. by contrast对比；B. in addition另外；C. in short总之、简而言之；D. after all毕竟。根据上文“and soon she was making dolls for children with scars, birthmarks, facial disorders”和下文“a doll that looked like them”可知，后句是对前句总结。故选C项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她辞掉工作，成立了一个“像我一样的玩具娃娃”非营利组织。A. landed着陆；B. quit放弃、离开（工作职位、学校等）；C. sought寻找；D. lost失去。根据下文“and started a nonprofit, A Doll Like Me”可知，她辞掉手头上的工作去创办帮助有缺陷孩子的非营利组织。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：在家工作，Jandrisevits制作每个娃娃大约需要七个小时。A. merely仅仅；B. exactly确切地；C. definitely明确地；D. roughly大致；大约。结合语境可知，此处表示制作每个娃娃大约需要七个小时，故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一个GoFundMe网页帮助她支付费用。A. cover足以支付；B. analyze分析；C. calculate计算；D. increase增加。结合上文“started a nonprofit”可知，她没有收入，可推测网页帮助她支付费用，故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：自从她开始这个非营利组织以来，她还没有对一个玩具娃娃收费。A. charged要价；收费；B. paid支付；C. accounted解释；D. allowed允许。结合上文“a nonprofit”和“A GoFundMe page helps her ___12___ the costs”可知，她创办的是非营利组织，GoFundMe网页帮助她支付费用，可得出她没有对玩具洋娃娃收取费用，故选A项。
34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：等待的名单很长，但Jandrisevits不放弃。A. tired疲惫的；B. unsatisfied不满意的；C. defeated打败的；D. unbowed不屈服的。结合上文“The waiting list is long”和“but”可知，单子虽然很长，但她并没有屈服，故选D项。
【35题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：正如她在她的GoFundMe页面上解释的那样，“每个孩子，无论种族、年龄、医疗问题或体型，都应该看着玩具娃娃甜美的脸，看到自己的笑脸。”A. aside from除……之外；B. regardless of不管，无论；C. rather than而不是；D. due to由于。结合语境和“Every kid”可知，此处表示“无论种族、年龄、医疗问题或体型”，故选B项。
第二节 单词拼写 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
36. The committee includes ________ (代表) from different countries. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】representatives
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：委员会包括来自不同国家的代表。根据汉语提示“代表”可知，此处应用可数名词representative的复数作宾语，表泛指。故填representatives。
37. The report ________ (突出) the major problems facing society today. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】highlights
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：这份报告强调了当今社会面临的主要问题。根据汉语提示可知应填动词highlight，结合today可知为一般现在时，主语为report，谓语用第三人称单数。故填highlights。
38. She has kept up physical training for several years without ________ (中断). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】interruption
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：几年来，她一直不间断地进行体育锻炼。根据汉语提示“中断”以及前文without可知，此处应用名词interruption(不可数)，作介词宾语。故填interruption。
39. The furniture managed to combine practicality with ________ (优雅). （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】elegance
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这些家具设法将实用性与优雅性结合起来。根据汉语提示“优雅”及前文with可知，此处应用名词elegance(不可数)作介词宾语。故填elegance。
40. There is a general ________ (承认，认可) of the urgent need for reform. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】recognition
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：人们普遍认识到迫切需要改革。根据汉语提示“承认，认可”及前文不定冠词a可知，此处应用名词单数recognition作主语。故填recognition。
41. It’s no trouble at all; on the ________ (相反), it will be a great pleasure to help you. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】contrary
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：这一点都不麻烦；相反，能帮助你将是一件非常愉快的事。根据汉语提示“相反”可知，此处应用名词contrary作介词宾语，on the contrary是固定短语。故填contrary。
42. ________ (批判的) thinking is important and stops us from making poor choices. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】Critical
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：批判性思维很重要，它能阻止我们做出糟糕的选择。根据汉语提示可知应填形容词critical，作定语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Critical。
43. The girl ________ (大声叫) with excitement as I told her of my secret plans. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】screamed
【解析】
【详解】考查动词。句意：当我告诉那个女孩我的秘密计划时，她兴奋地尖叫起来。根据汉语提示可知应填动词scream，根据told可知为一般过去时。故填screamed。
44. She changed into a more ________ (舒适的) position on the chair. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】comfortable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她在椅子上换了一个更舒适的姿势。根据汉语提示“舒适的”可知，此处应用形容词comfortable作定语修饰名词。故填comfortable。
45. I ________ (拼命地) needed something to occupy me during those long lonely nights. （根据汉语提示单词拼写）
【答案】desperately
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：在那些漫长而孤独夜晚，我迫切需要一些东西来占据我。根据汉语提示“拼命地”可知，此处应用副词desperately修饰动词。故填desperately。
第三节 单句语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
46. If you see someone ________ (choke), first call the emergency services. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】choking
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你看到有人窒息，首先打电话给急救服务。see sb doing sth“看见某人在干某事”是固定句型，动词choke和someone之间是主动且进行的关系，故用其现在分词作宾语补足语。故填choking。
47. After ________ (bite) by mosquitoes, she applied some medicine to her skin. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】being bitten
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被蚊子叮咬后，她在皮肤上涂了些药。介词after后应用动名词作宾语，动词bite和主语之间是被动关系，故用其动名词的被动式。故填being bitten。
48. The rime of Jilin City literally takes our breath ________ with its exceptional beauty. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】away
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：吉林市的雾凇以其独特的美丽让我们惊叹不已。短语take one’s breath away表示“使某人大为惊讶”。故填away。
49. When rescue personnel arrived, the two ________ (freeze) to death. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】had been frozen
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：当救援人员赶到时，两人已经冻死了。根据句意可知，空格处动作发生在arrived之前，应用过去完成时。freeze to death“冻死”为及物动词短语，freeze用作及物动词，和主语之间是被动关系，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been frozen。
50. ________ (bathe) in warm sunshine, everything seems youthful and full of energy. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】Bathed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沐浴在温暖的阳光下，一切都显得年轻而充满活力。分析句子结构可知everything与bathe构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Bathed。
51. ________ the survivors attempted to do was to build a memorial to the heroes who saved their lives. （用适当的词填空）
【答案】What
【解析】
【详解】考查主语从句。句意：幸存者们试图去做的是为拯救他们性命的英雄们建一个纪念碑。分析句子结构可知这是一个含有主语从句的复合句，空白处在主语从句中作to do 的宾语表示具体的内容，应使用what引导主语从句，故填What 。
52. Actively getting ________ (involve) in various social activities is the best way to overcome culture shock. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】involved
【解析】
【详解】考查过去分词转化的形容词。句意：积极参与各种社会活动是克服文化冲击的最佳方式。get involved in“参与其中”是固定短语，用其过去分词转化的形容词作表语。故填involved。
53. All these gifts must be mailed immediately ________ (receive) in time for the Spring Festival. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to be received
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：所有这些礼物必须立即邮寄，以便在春节前及时收到。根据句意可知，此处应用动词不定式表达目的，动词receive和主语之间是被动关系，故用其不定式的被动式。故填to be received。
54. There is no point ________ (panic) or falling apart; instead you should cheer up. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】panicking
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：恐慌或崩溃毫无意义；相反，你应该振作起来。there is no point (in) doing sth“做某事毫无意义”是固定句型，动名词作介词宾语，panic的动名词为panicking。故填panicking
55. In this work, Monet’s aim was ________ (convey) the light and the movement in the scene. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】to convey
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在这部作品中，莫奈的目的是传达场景中的光线和运动。根据句意及系动词was可知，此处应用动词不定式作表语。故填to convey。
第四部分 书面表达：
56. 假定你是校学生会主席李华，你校将在春节期间举办“魅力中国(Magic China)”主题国画展。请你写一封邮件，邀请本校外教Mr. Smith一起参观。要点包括：
活动时间
start on January 22, end on January 24
活动地点
at our school Art Center
活动内容
1 listen to a talk on Chinese paintings
2. visit the exhibition
3. have hands-on activities
注意：(1)词数100左右; (2)可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯;
(3)开头语已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Mr. Smith,
I am Li Hua, chairman of the Student Union in our school.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours
Li Hua
【答案】Dear Mr. Smith,
I am Li Hua, chairman of the Students’ Union in our school. During the Spring Festival, our school is going to hold a Chinese painting exhibition with the theme of “Magic China”. I am writing to invite you to take part in it.
The exhibition will start on January 22 and end on January 24. It will be held at our school Art Center which can hold 200 people. There are various activities during the exhibition, which include listening to a talk on Chinese paintings, visiting the exhibition and having hands-on activities. The exhibition will help you to know more about Chinese culture and enable you to appreciate the beauty of Chinese painting. I believe you’ll love it.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写一封邮件，邀请本校外教Mr. Smith一起参观学校将在春节期间举办的“魅力中国(Magic China)”主题国画展。
【详解】1.词汇积累
参加（活动）：join in→take part in
帮助：assist→help
欣赏：enjoy→appreciate
回复：answer→reply
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I am writing to invite you to take part in it.
拓展句：I am writing to invite you to take part in it which is a great honor to me.
【点睛】【高分句型1】It will be held at our school Art Center which can hold 200 people. (运用了which引导的限制性定语从句)
【高分句型2】There are various activities during the exhibition, which include listening to a talk on Chinese paintings, visiting the exhibition and having hands-on activities. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句)