备战2023英语新中考二轮复习考点精讲精练（北京专用）突破 18 阅读体裁篇记叙文

一、考点总结

考点一、题型特点

人物故事类的阅读理解是中考英语的常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。

1. 人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。

2. 短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查考生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。

考点二、解题技巧

纵观全文，列出记叙的要素

一篇记叙文，要交代清楚人物和事件，就必须交代清楚记叙的要素，即:时间、地点、人物、事件的原因、经过和结果。

弄清记叙的顺序

初中阶段的记叙文多为顺叙，因此需用铅笔在文中勾画出事情发展的先后时间，再简单画出每个时间做的事情，这样就能很快把握故事内容。

理解记叙的人称

弄清记叙文中人称代词指代的对象，这有利于更好地理解文意。记叙文设置题目时，经常会出现某个代词的指代意义，因此，要结合上下文，理解代词的指代内容，这对进一步理解文章大意有所帮助。

找出记叙的线索

线索是记叙文的纲，抓住线索，就能理顺文章内容，掌握文章结构，从而更好地理解文章的中心思想。

体会记叙文的表达手法

记叙文以叙事为主，有时也运用描写、说明和议论。尤其要注意夹叙夹议类文章，它的题目设计往往为推理性的或总结性的。

二、考点突破

Passage 1

Nancy goes to visit her grandma every summer with her parents. Her grandma lives in a big old house in New York. But this summer, grandma did not seem as happy as usual. She seemed a little angry and worried.

“What’s wrong with grandma?” Nancy asked her mom.

“The noise pollution made her bored,” mom said.

“Do you mean the noise from all those cars?” Nancy asked.

“Yes,” mom said. “When grandma moved here many years ago, there wasn’t such a big road here. Now people make it very big so that they can get to work easily in the city. They make so much noise.”

“I know what water pollution and air pollution are. I learned about them in school. However, what is noise pollution?” Nancy asked.

“Pollution is something bad for you,” mom said. “With noise pollution, certain sounds affect someone’s health. The person might become angry or worried. Grandma’s blood pressure goes up. She also has trouble sleeping at night. Grandma’s hearing has been greatly weakened (削弱) by all the noise, too.”

“What should we do to help grandma?” Nancy asked.

“Why not ask your grandma to live with us?” mom said. “You know, our community is so quiet and clean. I’m sure she will like it.”

“Good idea! I will tell grandma about it.” Nancy said excitedly.

1．Where was Nancy in the story?

A．At grandma’s house. B．At school. 

C．In the car. D．At home.

2．What kind of pollution disturbed grandma?

A．Air pollution. B．Water pollution. C．Noise pollution. D．None of the above.

3．Why did people build the big road?

A．Because they wanted to make noise. B．Because they wanted to make grandma go away.

C．Because they could get to work easily. D．Because it could make the city more beautiful.

4．What did grandma get from the pollution?

A．Blood pressure going up. B．Having trouble sleeping at night.

C．Hearing loss. D．All of the above.

5．What’s the passage mainly about?

A．Nancy visits her grandma every summer.

B．The noise pollution affects grandma’s life seriously.

C．Water pollution, air pollution and noise pollution are all pollution.

D．Grandma has to live in Nancy’s family.

Passage 2

I loved everything about school except for one person: Mildred.

Every day, as we walked home after school, she would step on the backs of my shoes. Then, when I stopped to adjust (调整) my shoes, Mildred would hit my back. She scared me.

Soon, my mother found something was wrong. I told her the whole story. My mom told me not to worry and said she had a plan.

The next morning, my mom walked up the hill with me. Just as we got to the top of the hill, we saw Mildred.

“Hello, Mildred,” my mom said quietly. Mildred stopped, standing as still as a statue (雕像). Her hands and face were bright red. Her oversized coat hung open. There were only two buttons on it.

My mother didn’t say anything at first. Instead, she buttoned up Mildred’s coat and tidied up her hair.

“I’m Marion’s mother. I need your help, Mildred.” My mother’s hands held Mildred’s as she spoke. “Marion doesn’t have any brothers or sisters. She needs a best friend at school, someone to walk up the hill with her after classes are over. Would you be Marion’s friend, Mildred?”

Mildred nodded. “Oh, thank you!” My mother said. “I just know you are someone I can depend on.” Then she hugged us and left as though nothing unusual had happened.

Mildred and I walked on to school. As I looked over at her, I saw that Mildred was smiling! I’d never seen her smile before.

We walked up the hill each day after school together and pretty soon we became best friends.

I didn’t understand my mom’s plan at the time. But finally, I came to understand her message: Love never fails.

6．Why didn’t Marion like Mildred?

A．Because Mildred often fought with others.

B．Because Mildred was better than her in every subject.

C．Because Mildred often played tricks on her.

D．Because Mildred didn’t dress well.

7．How did Marion’s mother deal with this problem?

A．She warned Mildred not to bother Marion.

B．She asked Mildred to be friends with Marion.

C．She told Marion to stay away from Mildred.

D．She walked with Marion to school every day.

8．What does the underlined phrase “buttoned up” probably mean?

A．Held something together. B．Made something stronger.

C．Put something up. D．Pushed something forward.

9．Which of the following words can best describe Marion’s mother?

A．Proud and humorous. B．Brave and strict.

C．Patient and kind. D．Friendly and caring.

10．What can we infer (推断) from the story?

A．Mildred didn’t want to be friends with Marion.

B．Marion didn’t agree with what her mother did.

C．Marion’s mother’s plan worked.

D．Mildred never meant any harm to Marion.

Passage 3

Every year, runners all over the world challenge themselves in marathons—long running events that go on for tens of kilometers. On Oct. 12, 2019, Eliud Kipchoge ran a record-breaking marathon. He finished a 42.2-kilometer-long marathon in just 1 hour, 59 minutes and 40 seconds. The 34-year-old Olympic champion from Kenya became the first person to run a marathon of this length in less than two hours.

“I can tell people that no human is limited. I expect more people all over the world to run under two hours after today,” Kipchoge told NBC Sports.

Apart from Kipchoge’s hard work, a few science and technology tricks also helped him make history.

Hills and turns slow runners down. Kipchoge’s team picked a route in Vienna for its gentle curves（弯曲度）. The city’s cool and dry weather also helped keep Kipchoge’s body running more efficiently（有效地） according to Wired magazine.

A special pair of shoes also played a big part. The bottom of the shoes have a special kind of material, which can take in a runner’s energy when their feet meet the ground. Then it returns part of the energy to the runner, which helped Kipchoge run faster.

Kipchoge had a dream team of pacers（配速员）as well. Five runners formed a V-shape ahead of Kipchoge, which reduced drag（阻力）. Two runners followed directly behind to push him forward. The 41-member team took turns running every 5 kilometers. Kipchoge stayed under a two-hour pace for almost the whole race. A pace car drove in front of everyone and cast a laser beam（投射激光束）on the road, keeping the team at the right pace.

“Few world records today are technology-free,” The Telegraph said.

11．Kipchoge was the first person to ________.

A．break a marathon record   B．finish a 42.2-km-long marathon in two hours

C．become an Olympic champion in Kenya D．run a full-length marathon in Kenya

12．What do we know about Kipchoge, according to Wired magazine?

A．He trained to handle sharp hills and turns in Vienna.

B．He trained in cool and dry weather.

C．He always wore a pair of specially-designed shoes.

D．He ran 5 kilometers every day before the race.

13．What do Paragraph 4 to 6 try to explain?

A．Kipchoge’s win was a result of teamwork.

B．Kipchoge worked harder than other runners.

C．Science and technology played a role in Kipchoge’s win.

D．Keeping the right pace was the key to Kipchoge’s success.

14．What might the author write about in the next paragraph of the story?

A．Kipchoge’s future plans. B．Other marathon runners.

C．Technology companies that help athletes. D．Technology that has helped other athletes.

Passage 4

Once in a physics class, the teacher asked students, “Why do we have brakes in our car?” A student got up and replied, “Sir, to stop the car.” Another student replied, “To reduce and control the speed of the car.” Another said, “To avoid crashes. “ Soon, all the students began to give similar answers. So, the teacher decided to answer the question himself. He said, “I appreciate all of your answers, although I look at it this way—the brakes in our car enable us to make it run faster.”

Listening to this, there was a deep silence in the class because no one had imagined this answer. The teacher continued, “For a moment, let’s suppose our car has no brakes, then how fast are we ready to drive our car? It is the brakes in our car that gives us courage to drive our car faster and reach our destination.” All the students got confused. They never thought this way about brakes in a car.

The teacher smiled and continued, “Similarly, there are many such Brakes in our life, which stop us or restrict（限制）our moment. Our parents, teachers, friends ask us about direction we want to follow, our progress or decisions in life. We tend to view their questions or difficult situations as Brakes that slow us down. But what if we see them as our supporter that enables us to take risks while ensuring that we protect ourselves? From time to time, we have to stop or even step back, so that we can take a giant step. It is because of such questions or situations that we are able to reach where we are today. Without these Brakes, we could slip, lose direction or be victim of unfortunate accidents. Therefore, we need to understand that Brakes in our life are not meant to push us back but to help us move forward faster than before, so that we can reach our destination quickly and safely. Should we be thankful for Brakes in life or just see them as hindrance（障碍物）to our work?”

15．Why do the students think there are brakes in a car?

A．To prevent accidents. B．To control speed. 

C．To stop driving. D．All of the above.

16．The teacher thinks brakes help run faster because ________.

A．no one knows how to drive without brakes.

B．no one has ever imagined a car without brakes

C．we dare not drive fast if without brakes.

D．we can’t reach our destination without brakes.

17．What does the teacher compare to Brakes in our life?

A．Parents, teachers and friends B．Questions and difficulties

C．Risks and accidents D．Directions or decisions

18．What does the teacher mainly want to tell the students?

A．Brakes are often misused and misunderstood.

B．Brakes in cars are necessary for increasing speed.

C．Brakes can be viewed as supporters and safety guards.

D．Brakes in life push us back and force us to step back.

Passage 5

Scene Two

[The hillside that afternoon. Wind blowing, birds singing. Matthew, Bess, Hal and their father are putting wood at the top of the hill. Thomas is coughing.]

Thomas: As soon as they find the Spanish ships, they’ll light the beacon(灯塔) on the Plymouth hill. And that fire will be the sign for me to light the beacon.

Bess: And then the next village will see it and light theirs.

Hal: And the next...

Matthew: And the next, all the way to London and the Queen!

Thomas: That’s right, my children. The line mustn’t be broken.

Bess: So the whole of England will know that the Spanish ships are coming. And the soldiers will come to protect us.

[They look, dawn towards Plymouth]

Bess: I can see the harbour ... and there’s the Plymouth beacon ready to be lit.

Hal: What if the Spanish land in Plymouth? Are the soldiers ready?

Matthew: They want to fight the Spanish at sea, and stop them from landing. That’s right, Father, isn’t it?

Thomas: Yes, son. The army will do their best, but they’re not strong. They are not well trained. Better to fight at sea.

Matthew: And we have better sailors than the Spanish.

Bess: And they can do anything.

Hal: But the English ships are small.

Thomas: (tired, coughing, shaking) Maybe small ships will be faster.

Bess: (worriedly) You’re not well. Father... and it’s a lonely job.

Thomas: I must keep watch. And you must help your mother while I’m away up here on the hillside. Go back now. And bring my supper tonight.

[The children run off down the hillside, waving and calling goodbye as they go.]

19．Which play part does “They look down towards Plymouth“ belong to?

A．dialogue B．instruction C．character introduction D．scene

20．From this play, we can learn ________.

A．Thomas is their brother B．They enjoy peace of the world

C．Thomas asks them to join the war D．Thomas is in bad health

21．According to the line “Maybe small ships will be faster”. Maybe infers that Thomas ________.

A．wants to make children confident about English soldiers

B．has been to the Harbour

C．really doesn’t know the truth