2022-2023学年山东省德州市夏津一中高三上学期第一次月考英语试卷（解析版）

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2022-2023学年山东省德州市夏津一中高三（上）第一次月考英语试卷
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注意事项:
1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在试卷上无效。
3.考试结束后，本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第I卷（选择题）
一、阅读理解（本大题共15小题，共37.5分）
A
Exercising regularly not only helps you keep slim，but also improves your overall health and well-being.Different exercises produce different results，as they focus on alternate parts of the body.There are four broad exercise categories：endurance，strength，flexibility，and balance.Many people often only focus on one exercise type，but including all four in your workout will produce better results and reduce your risk of injury.
Endurance
Endurance exercises increase your breathing and heart rate.By doing endurance exercises，you are working to keep your heart，lungs，and blood-flow system healthy while improving your total fitness.Over time these activities will make everyday activities seem easier.
Strength
If you want to build up your muscles，then strength exercises，which are also known as "resistance training"，are right for you.Even the slightest increase in strength can make a huge difference in your ability to carry out daily tasks.Developing strong muscles also reduces your risk of weak bones.
Flexibility
Flexibility exercises help stretch your body's muscles.This allows for more freedom of movement for other exercises and can also improve your range of motion，posture，ability to breathe deeply，and blood flow.Also，it reduces the muscle tension caused by stress.
Balance
Balance exercises help prevent falls and are especially important to older adults，helping them stay independent.Most good balance exercises are ones that keep you constantly moving with your feet on the ground.Heel-to-toe walking and standing on one foot are simple ways to improve balance.
1. How can a person benefit most from their exercise routine？ ______
A. By combining different exercise types together.
B. By having sufficient rest between their workouts
C. By concentrating on one training aspect at a time.
D. By increasing the frequency of their training gradually.
2. Which exercise types are most useful to improve a person's breathing function？ ______
A. Strength and Balance. B. Flexibility and Balance.
C. Endurance and Strength. D. Endurance and Flexibility.
3. Which part of the body plays the most important role in balance-related exercises？ ______
A. Arms. B. Legs. C. Waist. D. Neck.
B
    On Nov.7, 2020, Chris Nikic did something incredible. He became the first person with Down syndrome (唐氏综合症) to complete one of the toughest athletic competitions in the world—the Ironman triathlon.
    Nikic started the triathlon just before 6 a, m. on Nov.7, entering the water in Panama City, Florida, for his swim. During the biking section his bike crashed and he skinned his knee. And during a water break, he was bitten by fire ants. But he never gave up. He finished the triathlon in 16 hours, 46 minutes and 9 seconds with just 14 minutes to spare before the cut-off time.
    For two years, Nikic trained for the event, using a strategy he developed with his father which they call the "1% better each day principle". Every day, Nikic and his father would strive to become one percent better. Nikic's father said it works well for "a young man with Down syndrome". On his website, Nikic outlines six strategies that helped him achieve his goal of completing the Ironman triathlon: Health (body), health (mind), friends (soul), focus on the positive, help someone else and pass it on.
    Nikic originally started exercising in order to recover from ear surgery and get in shape. Now he has other goals: to live independently and one day have a big house and a nice car and to get married.
    Training for the Ironman triathlon has helped make his dream come true. In fact, he recently bought a white Chevy and has been offered speaking gigs that may enable him to save up enough money to buy a house.
    His next goals are to learn how to drive and he has been invited to compete in the US Special Olympics in 2022.
4. How did Chris Nikic perform in the triathlon?
A. He won the first place. B. He had to give up halfway.
C. He held on to the last. D. He finished at the cut-off time.
5. How did "1% better each day principle" affect Nikic?
A. He could live a normal life. B. He made progress day by day.
C. He recovered from ear surgery. D. He got in shape eventually.
6. Which word can best describe Nikic?
A. Unfortunate. B. Lucky. C. Strong willed. D. Talkative.
7. What can we learn from Nikic's story？
A. Life has ups and downs. B. All is well that ends well.
C. Hardship is the best training. D. It is never too late to change.
C
Called "America's wolf"，the red wolf is the only large predator whose historic range is found entirely within the United States ，stretching from Texas to New England.But hunting gradually reduced its range，and it was declared extinct in the wild in 1980.
Recovery efforts in the wild began in 1987 on the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge.In a ground-breaking successful experiment，eight captive（圈养的） wolves were released this year into North Carolina，eventually growing into a population over 100，reaching a peak of around 120 wolves in 2012.But illegal hunting and management changes by the Fish and Wildlife Service resulted in their numbers .
In the spring，conservationists celebrated a small bit of good news when four captive-born pups（幼兽） were placed into a cave and successfully adopted by a wild red wolf mother.Meanwhile，another four adults were released into the wild.The pups are thought to be still alive and healthy.But the adults didn't go well.In the months after release，three were struck by cars and killed，and the fourth was fatally shot on private land.
To boost the population after these deaths，the U.S.Fish and Wildlife Service announced in November that it planned to release nine adult red wolves into their recovery area this winter，land within and surrounding two wildlife reserves.
The Service also recently announced it would withdraw a 2018 proposal to shrink（缩小） the red wolves' protected area in North Carolina by 90 percent，after a lawsuit accused the agency of going against the Endangered Species Act.Ron Sutherland of the Wildlands Network says it's crucial that the agency has abandoned this wrong -headed proposal，And yet the situation now is even more urgent than it was in 2018- this should launch the conservation community in the U.S.into crisis mode to save this species and bring it back from the extinction.
8. What does the underlined word "plummeting" in paragraph 2 mean？ ______
A. Promising. B. Declining. C. Multiplying. D. Increasing.
9. What can we infer from paragraph 3？ ______
A. The released wolves lived well.
B. The population boosted after the release.
C. The red wolf faced greater threat than before.
D. The released red wolves still needed protection.
10. What would the Service do to save red wolves？ ______
A. Shrink the red wolves' reserves.
B. Make a proposal to protect the red wolves.
C. Put some red wolves in some specific places.
D. Force the protected area into the state of emergency.
11. What does the text focus on？ ______
A. The protection of red wolves.
B. Challenges faced by red wolves.
C. Reasons for red wolves extinction.
D. The relationship between red wolves and humans.
D
[1] If job seekers knew companies were using AI to fill open positions,would it stop them from applying for the job？The answer,according to a recent study,is yes — sometimes.
[2] The researchers found that in certain instances,like the screening （筛选） of applications,participants usually accepted some degree of automation.But in other instances,like interviews,automation could stop job seekers from applying for a position.
[3] Companies facing recent labor shortages are increasingly turning to AI as a way to facilitate and speed up the hiring process.AI can be used in tasks such as screening job candidates,checking professional licenses,and interviewing candidates.
[4] The new research suggests that using AI in hiring could be quite opposite.For instance,in one part of the study,participants were shown fictional job postings and then asked if they intended to apply for the position.The researchers found that if the job posting said that AI was used both to screen applicants and to conduct interviews,participants' intention to apply for the position averaged 2.77 on a six-point scale.If AI was used only for the screening process,participants' intention to apply averaged 3.73.
[5] In another experiment,the researchers also found that study participants saw pros and cons in the use of AI in interviewing.When told the hiring would be fully automated,some participants expected the whole hiring process to be more consistent （始终如一的） in its judgments.But others tended to believe that they had less voice in the final outcome.Overall,the study results suggest tends to outweigh the appreciation of AI's lack of bias （偏见） at the interviewing stage.
[6] A mixed approach may be a way to get the best of both worlds.Participants may have been more open to automation earlier in the hiring process because they could see some benefits from using AI — such as less-biased decisions.But during the later stages applicants expect personal interaction,to give them an opportunity to sell themselves and to learn more about the company.
12. Why do companies increasingly turn to AI in hiring？ ______
A. To attract more applicants. B. To boost hiring process.
C. To pick out top candidates. D. To solve labor shortages.
13. In which part do participants prefer automation？ ______
A. Screening job candidates. B. Interviewing candidates.
C. Grading professional licenses. D. Predicting final outcomes.
14. What does the underlined part refer to in Paragraph 5？ ______
A. Less AI involvement. B. Lack of consistent judgments.
C. Less-biased decisions. D. Lack of personal interaction.
15. What's the main idea of the text？ ______
A. Hi-tech is a two-edged sword.
B. AI finds its way to hiring process.
C. Automation may discourage job seekers.
D. A mixed approach should be adopted in hiring.

二、阅读七选五（本大题共5小题，共12.5分）
Many of us spent our childhoods dreaming of becoming astronauts.However，the hard reality is that only a select few will make it. (1) Not necessarily.
In fact，some of the space jobs are not only for astronauts and they all sound just as cool.One of the most interesting space jobs that you may have never heard of is "chief sniffer（嗅探员）".NASA has already hired a chief sniffer named George Aldrich，whose job is to smell materials before they are used in spacecrafts.
(2) A spacecraft is of limited size and relatively high temperature，which makes smells stronger inside of it. "Once a spacecraft is launched，astronauts have no way of escaping unpleasant smells，"Aldrich told The Telegraph.More importantly，smelling objects can help identify dangerous chemicals that could threaten astronauts' health.
Another job，the "space tour guide"，may seem a little ahead of its time - after all，what's the point of hiring a tour guide when there aren't any tourists there？But now，many private companies are starting to provide space trips，and wealthy space enthusiasts such as Justin Bieber and Sarah Brightman have already signed up for tours. (3)
Being a space tour guide requires rich knowledge of astronomy，astrophysics，geography and history to help passengers get the most out of their journey. (4)
Astronauts often spend weeks or even months in a small capsule with the same group of people，which is why a "space psychologist" is also needed to help astronauts overcome mental challenges，like feeling bored and lonely.
Rohit Talwar，chief executive of US company Fast Future Research，said，" (5) Things we've seen in the past in movies are now becoming real career opportunities. "

A.But does that mean you'll never get the chance to work in space？
B.Modern astronauts feel less helpless when working as a group.
C.It is impossible that normal people will be able to be a space travel.
D.It may not be long before space becomes a top travel destination.
E.Tour guides also need to be good storytellers to help space travel.
F.We're crossing the boundaries between science fiction and reality.
G.Using your nose at work sounds a little strange，but the job is very important.
16.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
17.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
18.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
19.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G
20.  A. A B. B C. C D. D E. E F. F G. G

三、完形填空（本大题共15小题，共15.0分）
What is the first thing that comes to your mind when you hear the word "hero"？Is it someone who (21) a cape（披风）and can(22)in the air？There are super heroes in the film，and also(23) heroes in our lives.But what (24) a person a hero？In general，a hero is someone selfless and (25) .These qualities(26) heroes to help others in times of need，even if they are(27) when something bad happens. "The heroes are people that generally go above and(28) the call of duty.They do things that are (29)， " said Nick Carden，a psychologist.Nick Carden said，heroes are made. "They(30) are people that have been helped by or have been modeled or raised to have those as values."
Ordinary people are heroes in their own way，simply just by(31)their part for their families and communities.Cleaners，doctors and bus drivers—the(32) goes on and on.Sometimes，when there are accidents，these(33)people show courage and bravery to help(34)strangers in need.To act heroically is a choice that many of us will be called upon to(35) at some point in time.
21.  A. wears B. guides C. hides D. carries
22.  A. signal B. fly C. notice D. blow
23.  A. everyday B. known C. familiar D. great
24.  A. suggests B. supposes C. makes D. celebrates
25.  A. energetic B. silent C. fast D. brave
26.  A. drive B. risk C. make D. lead
27.  A. tired B. broken C. scared D. confident
28.  A. past B. forward C. beyond D. before
29.  A. different B. amazing C. proper D. special
30.  A. fairly B. probably C. exactly D. eagerly
31.  A. pushing B. putting C. knowing D. doing
32.  A. unit B. career C. list D. deed
33.  A. wise B. adorable C. sensitive D. ordinary
34.  A. complete B. local C. favorable D. nervous
35.  A. meet B. make C. save D. reward
第II卷（非选择题）
四、阅读填空（本大题共1小题，共15.0分）
36. 语法填空
Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact（影响） travel to undisturbed places.It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become (1) （ educate） about the areas -both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics ，and often provides money for conservation and benefits the (2) （ develop） of the local areas.
Ecotourism has (3) （ it） origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.I It was not widely accepted as a travel concept (4) the late 1980s.During that time，increasing environmental awareness made it desirable.
Due to (5) growing popularity of environmentally-related and adventure travel，various types (6) trips are now being classified as ecotourism.Actually，a true eco-friendly trip must meet the following principles：
• Minimize the impact of (7) （ visit）the place.
• Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices.
• Provide (8) （ finance） aid and other benefits for local peoples.
• Make sure that the tourism provides positive experiences for both the visitors and the hosts.
Komodo National Park，officially recognized in 1980，is popular for ecotourism because of its unique biodiversity. (9) （ activity） there range from whale watching to hiking （远足） and accommodations aim (10) （ have） a low impact on the natural environment.
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
五、书面表达（本大题共2小题，共40.0分）
37. 假定你是李华，马上就要参加听力高考，你想在听力上有所提高，便准备向已回国的外教David发邮件求助，内容包括：
1. 听力困扰；
2. 请求帮助；
3. 表示感谢。
1. 词数80左右；
2. 请按照如下格式在答题卡上的相应位置作答。
Dear David,
_________
Yours,
Li Hua
38. A MOTHER'S DAY SURPRISE The twins were filled with excitement as they thought of the surprise they were planning for Mother's Day.How pleased and proud Mother would be when they brought her breakfast in bed.They planned to make French toast and chicken porridge.They had watched their mother in the kitchen.There was nothing to it.Jenna and Jeff knew exactly what to do.
The big day came at last.The alarm rang at 6 a.m.The pair went down the stairs quietly to the kitchen.They decided to boil the porridge first.They put some rice into a pot of water and left it to boil while they made the French toast.Jeff broke two eggs into a plate and added in some milk.Jenna found the bread and put two slices into the egg mixture.Next,Jeff turned on the second stove burner to heat up the frying pan.Everything was going smoothly until Jeff started frying the bread.The pan was too hot and the bread turned black within seconds.Jenna threw the burnt piece into the sink and put in the other slice of bread.This time,she turned down the fire so it cooked nicely.
Then Jeff noticed steam shooting out of the pot and the lid starting to shake.The next minute,the porridge boiled over and put out the fire.Jenna panicked.Thankfully,Jeff stayed calm and turned off the gas quickly.But the stove was a mess now.Jenna told Jeff to clean it up so they could continue to cook the rest of the porridge.But Jeff's hand touched the hot burner and he gave a cry of pain.Jenna made him put his hand in cold water.Then she caught the smell of burning.Oh dear!The piece of bread in the pan had turned black as well.
注意：1.续写词数应为150左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
As the twins looked around them in disappointment,their father appeared.      
The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.      
答案和解析

1~3.【答案】A、D、B
【解析】（1）A.细节理解题。根据第一段Many people often only focus on one exercise type        ，but including all four in your workout will produce better results and reduce your risk of injury.                （很多人通常只关注一种运动类型，但将这四种运动都包含在你的训练中会产生更好的效果，并降低你受伤的风险）可知，通过将各种运动结合起来的方法，人们可以从中获得最大的益处，故选A。
（2）D.细节理解题。根据第二段Endurance exercises increase your breathing and heart rate.        （耐力训练可以增加你的呼吸和心率）；Flexibility exercises help stretch your body's muscles.This allows for more freedom of movement for other exercises and can also improve your range of motion                       ，posture，ability to breathe deeply   ，and blood flow.   （柔韧性练习有助于伸展你身体的肌肉。这使得其他运动更自由，也可以提高你的运动范围、姿势、深呼吸能力和血液流动）可知，耐力训练和柔韧性练习有助于提高一个人的呼吸系统，A.Strength and Balance力量和平衡；B.Flexibility and Balance灵活性和平衡性；C.Endurance and Strength耐力和力量；D.Endurance and Flexibility耐力和柔韧性，故选D。
（3）B.细节理解题。根据最后一段Most good balance exercises are ones that keep you constantly moving with your feet on the ground.                 （大多数好的平衡练习都是让你脚踩在地上不停地运动）可知，平衡度训练中腿的作用是非常大的，故选B。
本文主要讲述了运动能给你带来的各方面的好处，并对其进行了说明。
1．直接信息题：
直接信息题是指能够直接从原文中找到信息，选项在语言表达上与原文基本一致的题目；
2．间接信息题：
间接信息题是能够从原文中找到信息，但在语言表达上与原文有差异，做题时需要对原文信息进行转换；
3．综合信息题：
综合信息题是指这类题目所涉及的信息不是原文的某一句话，可能是原文的几句话，或者是散落在文章不同的地方，要求学生把原文所提供的信息综合起来分析，而不能断章取义。

4~7.【答案】C、B、C、C
【解析】【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了了2020年11月7日，第一个完成世界上最难的运动比赛之一——铁人三项的唐氏综合症患者克里斯•尼克奇。
1. 【文章大意】本文为一篇记叙文。文章介绍了了2020年11月7日，第一个完成世界上最难的运动比赛之一——铁人三项的唐氏综合症患者克里斯•尼克奇。
根据第二段中的But he never gave up. He finished the triathlon in 16 hours, 46 minutes and 9 seconds with just 14 minutes to spare before the cut-off time.（但他从未放弃。他以16小时46分9秒的成绩完成了三项全能比赛，离比赛截止时间只剩14分钟了。）可知，尼克奇没有放弃，坚持到了最后，也完成了比赛。故选C。
2. 根据第三段中的For two years, …for "a young man with Down syndrome." （两年时间里，尼克奇一直在为这项赛事进行训练，他使用的是他和父亲一起制定的策略，他们称之为‘每天提高1%的原则'。每一天，尼克奇和他的父亲都会努力变得（比前一天）好百分之一。尼克奇的父亲说，它对一个患有唐氏综合症的年轻人很有效。）可知，这个“每天提高1%的原则”，对于尼克奇这个唐氏综合症患者的健康很有用，尼克奇每天都有进步。故选B。

3. 根据第三段中的For two years, Nikic trained for the event, using a strategy he developed with his father which they call the "1% better each day principle".（两年时间里，尼克奇一直在为这项赛事进行训练，他使用的是他和父亲一起制定的策略，他们称之为“每天提高1%的原则”。）可知，为了赛事，坚持2年天天有进步，尼克奇是个有毅力的人。故选C。

4. 通读全文，可知，饱受唐氏综合症困苦的尼克奇，本来参加锻炼只是为了锻炼身体，为了目标，迎难而上，不懈的努力促使他一路都有了梦想。A.（人生有起有落。）；B.（结果好，就一切都好）；C.（苦难是最好的训练。）；D.（改变永远不嫌晚。）。可知，C项最贴切本文内涵。故选C。

8~11.【答案】B、D、D、A
【解析】（1）B.词义猜测题。根据第二段中In a ground-breaking successful experiment，eight captive wolves were released this year into North Carolina，eventually growing into a population over 100，reaching a peak of around 120 wolves in 2012.But illegal hunting and management changes by the Fish and Wildlife Service resulted in their numbers        .（今年，在一次突破性的成功实验中，八只圈养的狼被释放到北卡罗来纳州，最终数量超过100只，在2012年达到120只左右的峰值。但是非法捕猎以及鱼类和野生动物管理局对管理的改变导致它们的数量急剧下降。）可知，句中的but说明语气发生转折，plummeting的意思应该与growing相反，意思是"下降的"。A.Promising"有希望的"；B.Declining"下降的"；C.Multiplying"倍增的"；D.Increasing"增加的"。故选B。
（2）D.推理判断题。根据第三段In the spring，conservationists celebrated a small bit of good news when four captive-born pups were placed into a cave and successfully adopted by a wild red wolf mother.Meanwhile，another four adults were released into the wild.The pups are thought to be still alive and healthy.But the adults didn't go well.In the months after release，three were struck by cars and killed，and the fourth was fatally shot on private land.（今年春天，环保主义者庆祝了一个小小的好消息：四只圈养出生的幼崽被放进一个洞穴，成功地被一只野生红狼妈妈收养。与此同时，另外四只成年企鹅被放归野外。这些幼崽被认为仍然活着，健康。但成年企鹅并不顺利。在释放后的几个月里，三人被汽车撞死，第四人在私人土地上被枪杀）可知，人类活动仍然对动物构成威胁。由此可推断被释放的红狼虽然被野生红狼妈妈收养，但仍然需要人类采取必要的措施进行保护。故选D。
（3）D.细节理解题。根据最后一段The Service also recently announced it would withdraw a 2018 proposal to shrink the red wolves' protected area in North Carolina by 90 percent，after a lawsuit accused the agency of going against the Endangered Species Act.Ron Sutherland of the Wildlands Network says it's crucial that the agency has abandoned this wrong -headed proposal，And yet the situation now is even more urgent than it was in 2018- this should launch the conservation community in the U.S.into crisis mode to save this species and bring it back from the extinction.（该机构最近还宣布，将撤回2018年一项将北卡罗来纳州红狼保护区缩小90%的提案，此前该机构被指控违反了《濒危物种法案》。野生动物网络的罗恩•萨瑟兰表示，该机构放弃这个错误的提议是至关重要的。然而，现在的情况比2018年更紧迫，这应该启动美国的保护社区进入危机模式，拯救这个物种，并使其从灭绝中恢复）可知，该机构将启动美国的保护社区进入危机模式来拯救红狼迫。故选D。
（4）A.主旨大意题。通读全文可知，红狼于1980年在野外灭绝，从1987年，鳄鱼河国家野生动物保护区开始了对红狼的野外恢复工作，
环保主义者也加入了对红狼的保护工作中，该机构启动了美国的保护社区进入危机模式来拯救红狼。所以文章的重点是围绕如何保护红狼而进行。故选A。
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了红狼在野外的灭绝及鳄鱼河国家野生动物保护区和环保主义者对红狼的生存恢复所做的努力。
阅读理解题测试考生在阅读基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断；或根据作者所阐述的观点理论，对文章未涉及的现象、事例给以解释。考生首先要仔细阅读短文，完整了解信息，准确把握作者观点。

12~15.【答案】B、A、D、C
【解析】（1）B.细节理解题。根据第三段Companies facing recent labor shortages are increasingly turning to AI as a way to facilitate and speed up the hiring process. （最近面临劳动力短缺的公司越来越多地将人工智能作为促进和加快招聘过程的一种方式。）可知，越来越多的公司在招聘时求助于人工智能是为了促进招聘流程。故选B。
（2）A.细节理解题。根据第二段中的The researchers found that in certain instances,like the screening of applications,participants usually accepted some degree of automation. （研究人员发现，在某些情况下，比如筛选应用程序，参与者通常会接受某种程度的自动化。）可知，参与者在筛选求职者时更喜欢自动化。故选A。
（3）D.词句猜测题。根据划线部分上文But others tended to believe that they had less voice in the final outcome. （但其他人倾向于认为，他们在最终结果中没有多少发言权。）以及下文tends to outweigh the appreciation of AI's lack of bias at the interviewing stage （往往超过了对人工智能在面试阶段缺乏偏见的评价。）可推知，划线部分"this concern"指代的是上文提到的人们所担忧的事情，即使用人工智能进行面试时，他们会在最终结果中没有多少发言权，即缺乏人际互动。故选D。
（4）C.主旨大意题。通读全文，再结合第一段If job seekers knew companies were using AI to fill open positions,would it stop them from applying for the job？The answer,according to a recent study,is yes — sometimes. （如果求职者知道公司正在使用人工智能填补空缺职位，这会阻止他们申请这份工作吗？根据最近的一项研究，答案是肯定的--有时是。）可推知，本文主要介绍了使用人工智能求职可能会阻碍求职者申请职位。故选C。
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了公司正在使用人工智能填补空缺职位，但人工智能可能会阻碍求职者申请职位。
考查社会文化类阅读理解。做题时要通读全文，把握大意，然后结合题干及选项做出正确的选择。

16~20.【答案】A、G、D、E、F
【解析】（1）A．语境辨析题。根据前文However，the hard reality is that only a select few will make it.可知然而，现实很残酷，只有少数人能成为宇航员。A项：But does that mean you'll never get the chance to work in space            ？但这是否意味着你永远没有机会在太空工作？符合语境，故选A。
 （2）G．理解判断题。根据后文A spacecraft is of limited size and relatively high temperature，which makes smells stronger inside of it.可知航天器尺寸有限，温度相对较高，这使得其内部的气味更强。G项：Using your nose at work might sound a little strange         ，but the job is actually very important.      在工作中使用你的鼻子听起来可能有点奇怪，但实际上这项工作很重要。符合文意，故选G。
 （3）D．联系上文题。根据前文But now，many private companies are starting to provide space trips可知但现在，许多私人公司开始提供太空旅行。D项：It may not be long before space becomes one of the top travel destinations for human beings.                不久，太空就成为人类最重要的旅游目的地之一。符合文意，故选D。
 （3）E．文章衔接题。根据前文Being a space tour guide requires rich knowledge of astronomy，astrophysics，geography and history to help passengers get the most out of their journey.可知作为一名太空导游，需要丰富的天文、天体物理、地理和历史知识，以帮助乘客最大限度地享受他们的旅程。E项：Tour guides also need to be excellent storytellers to help experience the amazement of space travel.               导游还必须是优秀的讲故事者，以帮助体验太空旅行的惊奇。符合文意，故选E。
 （5）F．逻辑推理题。根据后文Things we've seen in the past in movies are now becoming real career opportunities. "可知我们过去在电影中看到的东西现在正成为真正的职业机会。F.We're crossing the boundaries between science fiction and reality.我们正在跨越科幻小说和现实之间的边界，符合文意，故选F。
本文是一篇选句填空，文章主要介绍了我们中的许多人在童年时梦想成为宇航员，然而现实很残酷，只有少数人能成为宇航员。这是否意味着你永远没有机会在太空工作？作者在文中给出了答案。
技巧
①通读全文，了解文章大意；
②细读七个选项，找出和文章相对应的关键词，分析选项间的逻辑关系；
③根据文章整体结构、具体内容，结合关键词，选出最佳选项；
④将所选答案代入文中，再次通读全文，重点查看逻辑关系和关联结构是否合理。

21~35.【答案】A、B、A、C、D、A、C、C、B、B、D、C、D、A、B
【解析】（1）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.wears穿着；B.guides指导；C.hides隐藏；D.carries搬运。句意：是指穿着斗篷能在空中飞翔的人吗？根据后文宾语"a cape"可知指穿着斗篷，应用wear。故选A。
（2）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.signal发信号；B.fly飞；C.notice注意到；D.blow吹气。句意：是指穿着斗篷能在空中飞翔的人吗？根据后文"in the air"可知指穿着斗篷在空中飞翔。故选B。
（3）A．考查形容词及语境理解。A.everyday每天的；B.known已知的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.great极好的。句意：电影中有超级英雄，我们生活也由普通英雄。根据后文"heroes in our lives"可知在每天的日常生活中也有普通英雄。故选A。
（4）C．考查动词及语境理解。A.suggests建议；B.supposes认为；C.makes让，使；D.celebrates庆祝。句意：但是，是什么让一个人成为英雄呢？根据后文"a person a hero"指是什么让一个人成为英雄，应用动词make。故选C。
（5）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A.energetic精力充沛的；B.silent沉默的；C.fast快速的；D.brave勇敢的。句意：一般来说，英雄是无私和勇敢的人。根据上文"In general，a hero is someone selfless and"以及常识，英雄应该是无私和勇敢的人。故选D。
（6）A．考查动词及语境理解。A.drive驱使；B.risk冒险；C.make制作；D.lead带领。句意：这些品质促使英雄们在需要帮助的时候帮助别人，即使他们在糟糕的事情发生时感到害怕。根据后文"heroes to help others in times of need"可知无私和勇敢的品质促使英雄们在需要帮助的时候帮助别人，故选A。
（7）C．考查形容词及语境理解。A.tired疲惫的；B.broken破碎的；C.scared害怕的；D.confident自信的。句意：这些品质促使英雄们在需要帮助的时候帮助别人，即使他们在糟糕的事情发生时感到害怕。根据上文"heroes to help others in times of need，even if they are"中even if表示让步，可知即使英雄感到害怕，也会去帮助别人。故选C。
（8）C．考查介词及语境理解。A.past经过；B.forward向前；C.beyond超过；D.before在……之前。句意：英雄通常是超越职责要求的人。根据后文"the call of duty"可知能做英雄人往往是那些做了超出职责要求的人。above and beyond the call of duty"超越职责范围"故选C。
（9）B．考查形容词及语境理解。A.different不同的；B.amazing令人惊讶的；C.proper合适的；D.special特别的。句意：他们做的事情都很棒。结合语境，英雄即使是自己害怕，也能去帮助别人，所以他们做的事情都很棒。故选B。
（10）B．考查副词及语境理解。A.fairly相当地；B.probably可能；C.exactly恰好地；D.eagerly热切地。句意：他们可能是那些被帮助或被模仿或被培养成有这些价值观的人。根据后文"are people that have been helped by or have been modeled or raised to have those as values"此处是一种推测，指英雄可能是那些被帮助或被模仿或被培养成有这些价值观的人。故选B。
（11）D．考查动词及语境理解。A.pushing推；B.putting放置；C.knowing知道；D.doing做。句意：普通人以他们自己的方式成为英雄，仅仅是通过为他们的家庭和社区尽自己的一份力。根据后文"their part for their families and communities"指普通人通过为他们的家庭和社区尽自己的一份力。do one's part"尽自己的职责"。故选D。
（12）C．考查名词及语境理解。A.unit单位；B.career事业；C.list列表，名单；D.deed行为。句意：清洁工、医生和公共汽车司机——名单不胜枚举。根据上文"Cleaners，doctors and bus drivers"可知生活中普通英雄很多，名单不胜枚举。故选C。
（13）D．考查形容词及语境理解。A.wise明智的；B.adorable可爱的；C.sensitive敏感的；D.ordinary普通的。句意：有时，当发生事故时，这些普通人表现出胆量和勇气去帮助完全陌生的人。呼应上文"Ordinary people"此处是在说明普通人在发生事故时的表现。故选D。
（14）A．考查形容词及语境理解。A.complete完全的；B.local当地的；C.favorable有利的；D.nervous紧张的。句意：有时，当发生事故时，这些普通人表现出胆量和勇气去帮助完全陌生的人。根据后文"strangers in need"指帮助完全陌生的人，应用complete。故选A。
（15）B．考查动词及语境理解。A.meet遇见；B.make做出；C.save拯救；D.reward奖励。句意：英勇地行动是我们许多人在某个时候都会被要求做出的选择。根据上文"a choice that many of us will be called upon to"指做出选择，应用make。故选B。
这是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了如何定义一个"英雄"以及英雄的一些品质和他们是如何成为英雄的。
做完形填空首先要通读全文，了解大意。一篇完形填空的文章有许多空格，所以，必须先通读一至两遍，才能大概了解文章的内容。千万不要看一句，做一句。其次要逐句分析，前后一致。答案全部填完后，再通读一遍文章，检查是否通顺流畅，用词得当，意思正确。

36.【答案】【小题1】educated
【小题2】development
【小题3】its
【小题4】until
【小题5】the
【小题6】of
【小题7】visiting
【小题8】financial
【小题9】Activities
【小题10】to have
【解析】（1）educated.考查形容词。句意：它不同于传统的旅游业，因为它使旅行者能够了解当地的地理条件和文化特征，并经常为保护提供资金，有利于当地的发展。此处用形容词作become的表语，表示"有了解"，故填educated。
（2）development.考查不可数名词。句意：它不同于传统的旅游业，因为它使旅行者能够了解当地的地理条件和文化特征，并经常为保护提供资金，有利于当地的发展。结合句意和the可知，此处用名词形式，表示"发展"，为不可数名词，故填development。
（3）its.考查形容词性物主代词。句意：生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。此处用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰origin，故填its。
（4）until.考查介词。句意：直到20世纪80年代末，它才被广泛接受为一个旅游概念。until表示"直到"符合句意，故填until。
（5）the.考查冠词。句意：由于与环境相关的冒险旅行越来越流行，各种类型的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。结合句意可知，此处表示特指，故用定冠词，故填the。
（6）of.考查介词。句意：由于与环境相关的冒险旅行越来越流行，各种类型的旅行现在被归类为生态旅游。types of表示"各种各样的"符合句意，故填of。
（7）visiting.考查动名词。句意：尽量减少参观地点的影响。此处用动名词作介词of的宾语，故填visiting。
（8）financial.考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供经济援助和其他福利。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词aid，故填financial。
（9）Activities.考查可数名词的复数。句意：那里的活动范围从观鲸到徒步旅行，住宿的目的是对自然环境的影响较小。结合句意和range可知，此处用名词的复数形式作主语，且首字母大写，故填Activities。
（10）to have.考查动词不定式。句意：那里的活动范围从观鲸到徒步旅行，住宿的目的是对自然环境的影响较小。aim to do表示"旨在做某事"符合句意，故填to have。
本文为说明文，主要讲述了生态旅游。
语法填空考查学生英语综合知识的运用，做题时要首先明确短文大意，从词语搭配，固定句型，语法，时态等方面综合考虑，结合上下文语境找出正确答案。

37.【答案】Dear David,
How is everything going？ The Listening Test is scheduled to be held twice on January 8th, 2021. With its approach, I was under growing pressure, so I'm writing to turn to you for help. （书信目的）
Currently, we are occupied in preparing for the big test. However, the more I practice, the more mistakes I am likely to make, which bothers me a lot.【高分句型一】 Much as I practice it, it doesn't work well.【高分句型二】 Moreover, there is limited time left. （自己的听力困扰）Would you put forward some proposals to promote my listening？ Thank you in advance. （请求帮助并且表示感谢）
Looking forward to your earliest response. （期盼回复）
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】高分句型一
However, the more I practice, the more mistakes I am likely to make, which bothers me a lot.
分析：which引导非限制性定语从句which bothers me a lot.
翻译：然而，我练习的越多，我可能犯的错误就越多，这让我很困扰。
高分句型二
Much as I practice it, it doesn't work well.
分析：as引导让步状语从句，使用部分倒装。
翻译：虽然我经常练习，但效果并不好。
写作步骤：
第一步：审题，确定体裁格式、主体时态、中心人称和内容要点，避免填表式或履历表式表达。
第二步：拟定提纲，创造良好的开端；叙述得体，布局谋篇；巧妙过渡，完美结尾。
第三步：遣词造句，套用句型，上下衔接，地道表达，行文成篇（注意"参考词汇"的提示作用）。

38.【答案】Para One：
As the twins looked around them in disappointment,their father appeared.Father's appearing was like a savior to the two children.Under the guidance of their father,they took positive actions and started all over again.The made the bread and then went on cooking porridge.Father helped them adjust the fire,which was the key to success.It was all right this time.Delicious breakfast was ready.How happy they were!（在爸爸的帮助下，他们中午完成了早餐）
Para Two：
The twins carried the breakfast upstairs and woke their mother up.When their mother saw the delicious and perfect breakfast in front of her,she was very surprised.【高分句型一】It was not only the gift but the love of the children for her that moved her very much.The two children could finish cooking a breakfast which she didn't expect.【高分句型二】The children said loudly. "Happy Mothers' Day! "Mother hugged them tightly and kissed them again and again.（把早餐端给妈妈，妈妈很开心）
【解析】本文讲述了在母亲节这一天，一对双胞胎秘密给自己母亲的礼物。
高分句型一：When their mother saw the delicious and perfect breakfast in front of her,she was very surprised.
翻译：当他们的妈妈看到了面前美味丰盛的早餐，她非常惊讶。
分析：本句为when引导的时间状语从句。
高分句型二：The two children could finish cooking a breakfast which she didn't expect.
翻译：这两个孩子可以完成她没有预料过的早餐。
分析：本句使用了which引导的定语从句。
解题方法点拨
      （1）品读原文，确定文章线索
      每篇文章都有各自独特的写作思路，通过精读文章，找到该篇文章的写作线索。如是以时间为线索还是以空间为线索等这样有利于考生"顺藤摸瓜（结尾）"。
      （2）仔细审题，明确续写要求
      一般短文后面的"注意"都有对此类短文续写的具体要求，如词数限制使用几处标有下划线的关键词语。续写段落的首句提示，这样考生可以做到"心中有数"。
      （3）回扣原文，揣摩续写思路
      根据文章后面的要求，再次快速阅读短文，抓住文章的思路结合段首的提示语最终确定续写段落的思路。同时结合文章画线词语提示，确定续写段落的内容。
      （4）拟写草稿，修改错词病句
      在确定了思路和内容之后。最关键的就是结合提示语或者文中画线的关键词拟写草稿。拟写时，注意句子结构的多样性，语言的丰富性，并通过句与句之间连接词的正确使用，使上下文连贯。