初中英语中考复习 专题11 非谓语动词-2020年中考英语母题题源解密（解析版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 专题11 非谓语动词-2020年中考英语母题题源解密（解析版），共7页。
专题11    非谓语动词  【母题来源1】【2020 •贵州铜仁市】【母题原题】—Look! Kangkang, that old man is crossing the crosswalk.—Jane, let’s________ him.A. helps B. to help C. helping D. help【答案】D【解析】句意：——康康快看！ 那个老人正在过马路。——简，让我们去帮他。考查非谓语动词。helps帮助，第三人称单数；to help不定式；helping动名词；help动词原形。根据“让某人做某事let sb do sth.”，故选D。【母题来源2】【2020 •贵州省安顺市】【母题原题】With the improvement in transportation, students in some small villages no longer go on ropeways ______ rivers to schools.A. to cross B. crossing C. crossed【答案】A【解析】句意：随着交通的改善，一些小村庄的学生不再走索道过河上学。考查非谓语动词。to cross动词不定式形式；crossing动名词形式；crossed动词过去分词形式。根据空前的go on ropeways结合选项动词cross可知，此处是动词不定式表目的状语，走索道过河上学go on ropeways to cross rivers to schools符合句意。故选A。【母题来源3】【2020 •四川达州市】【母题原题】— Clara, you have ______ Journey to the West for two weeks.— Sorry, I wanted to give it back but was made _________ Dazhou on business last week.A. borrowed; to leave B. kept; to leave C. kept; leave D. borrowed; leave【答案】B【解析】句意：——克拉拉，《西游记》这本书你已经借了两个星期了。——对不起，我想把它还给你，但上周我被迫离开达州去出差了 。考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。borrow借入，瞬间性动作，keep保存，保留，持续性动作。由时间段for two weeks“两周”，可知用持续性动词，keep的过去分词为kept，故排除A和D。动词短语make sb. do sth.接不带to的不定式做宾补，变为被动语态是要加上to，即be made to do，所以第二个空用to leave，故选B。【母题来源4】【2020 •甘孜州】【母题原题】The singer was often seen to practice ____________ songs near the woods three years ago.A. sing B. singing C. to sing【答案】B【解析】句意：三年前这个歌手经常被看到在树林附近练习唱歌。考查动名词。sing动词原形；singing动名词；to sing动词不定式。此处表达“练习做某事”用practice doing,此处用动名词singing作宾语。故选B。【母题来源5】【2020 •重庆市】【母题原题】They hope ________the basketball match.A. win B. won C. to win D. winning【答案】C【解析】句意：他们希望赢这场篮球比赛。考查非谓语动词。win赢，动词原形；won是win的过去式或过去分词形式；to win动词不定式；winning动名词或现在分词形式。句中谓语动词是hope，意为“希望”，常用于句型hope to do sth.“希望去做某事”，因此这里应用动词不定式。故选C。【母题来源6】【2020 •甘孜州】【母题原题】The singer was often seen to practice ____________ songs near the woods three years ago.A. sing B. singing C. to sing【答案】B【解析】句意：三年前这个歌手经常被看到在树林附近练习唱歌。考查动名词。sing动词原形；singing动名词；to sing动词不定式。此处表达“练习做某事”用practice doing,此处用动名词singing作宾语。故选B。【试题分析】  这些试题均考查了非谓语动词中动词不定式、动名词以及分词等。【命题意图】    非谓语动词是历年中考必考知识点。从考查形式看，一般有单项选择、完形填空、词语运用等。所占分值通常为2～4分。从命题意图看，侧重考查考生的具体语言环境中使用非谓语动词的能力。【考试方向】    1. 动词不定式；2. 动名词；3. 分词（现在分词和过去分词）。    非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。                                             构成：to + 动词原形                             动词不定式                                            作用：作除谓语外的任何成分                                      构成：v-.ing/v.-ed(规则动词)动词的非谓语形式           分词                                      作用：表、定、状、补                                        构成：v.-ing                              动名词                                        作用：主、宾、表、定【得分要点】考向一：不定式1. 动词不定式的作用句子成分用法例句作主语谓语动词用单数形式，为避免＂头重脚轻＂常用it作形式主语。常用句型有：①It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为＂做某事对某人来说是……＂。②It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为＂做某事花费某人多长时间＂To master a language is not easy=It is not easy to master a language.学好一门语言是不容易的。作宾语常接动词不定式作宾语的动词有：would like, want, like,hope, wish, plan，decide,learn, agree, try, remember,    forget, expect, refuse,afford, prefer, continue, promise, begin, start 等think,find,believe等动词可用于＂动词+it+adj.+to do sth.＂句型中。it作形式宾语，而真正的宾语是后面的不定式。I would like to make friends with you.我想要和你交朋友。I find it difficult to pass my math exam.我发现要通过数学考试很难。作定语动词不定式放在名词、代词后作定语，两者之间常有逻辑上的动宾关系，因此，如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，后面应该加上相应的介词。常接不定式作定语的名词有：time, need, way, chance, opportunity, courage, reason, effort, determination, decision ,ability, ambition Can you give me  a pen to write with?能给我一只用于书写的笔吗？Do you have something to say?你有什么要说的吗？作状语不定式常可用作状语，修饰动词，表示行为的目的、结果和原因。To do a good job,we must have the right tools. 要干好活工具要对头。作表语放在系动词后作表语。My dream is to be an engineer.我想成为一名工程师。2. 不定式的特殊用法    ①使役动词和感官动词后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语，须省略to。此类动词有：一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)、五帮(help)。变为被动语态时，省略的to则要加上。②动词不定式的否定形式是not to do，其被动形式为to be done。►Our teacher asked us not to swim in the river alone. 我们老师要求我们不要独自一人在河里游泳。   ③常接＂疑问词+带to的不定式＂的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。►My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。考向二：动名词（一）动名词的构成动名词是由＂动词+-ing＂构成，和现在分词形式一样，兼有动词和名词的特点。（二）动名词作用句子成分用法例句作主语单个动名词作主语时谓语动词用单数形式，常用的句型结构有：It is no use（good）+v.ing.Seeing is believing.眼见为实。It is no use arguing again.再去争吵也没有用。作表语放在系动词后面作表语Her job is looking after the children.她的工作是照顾这些小孩子。作宾语用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式作宾语的词有：avoid, finish, consider, give up, cannot help, allow, imagine, include, keep, mind, practice, suggest，succeed in, be used to do, look forward to, enjoy, be busyNo matter what happened, I won’t give up achieving my dream.不管发生了什么事情，我都不会放弃去实现我的梦想。作定语用于名词前，起修饰说明作用There is a swimming pool in her home.她家有个游泳池。（三）动名词的特殊用法      即可接动词不定式又可接动名词作宾语的动词有： love, like, hate, prefer, dislike, begin, start, continue, intend, attempt, can’t bear, propose, want, need, remember, forget, regret, neglect, try, deserve, can’t afford等动词。有时两者之间的意义差别不大，但remember, regret, want, try等词后差别比较明显。考向三：分词（一）现在分词和过去分词的构成      现在分词由v.+ing构成，过去分词v.+ed(规则动词)构成。（二）分词的用法句子成分用法例句作定语现在分词表示正在进行，有主动的含义，过去分词表示已经完成，有被动的含义。The crying boy annoyed us a lot.那个哭泣的男孩使我们很烦恼。作表语放在系动词后作表语The story is interesting.I am interested in it. 这个故事很有趣，我对它很感兴趣。作宾语补足语用于补充说明宾语的动作和状态He could hear his heart beating fast. 他可以听见自己的心脏跳得很快。作状语通常表示主语正在进行的另一动作，来对主语的主要动作加以修饰。I got home, feeling very tired. 我疲惫地回到家里。【母题1】【来源】【2020 • 天津市和平区二模】Our teacher often advises us ____ the habit of making notes while reading.A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing【答案】A【解析】句意：我们的老师经常建议我们培养在阅读时做笔记的习惯。Advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事，所以选A。【母题2】【来源】【2020 • 天津市河西区二模】—What’s your plan for the summer holidays?—I’ve no idea, but I’ve decided ________ at home and have a good rest first.A. stay B. to stay C. stayed D. staying【答案】B【解析】句意：——暑假你有什么计划？——我不知道，但我决定先呆在家里好好休息一下。decide to do sth.决定去做某事；decide后要用to do形式，即不定式形式，to do不定式作decide的动词宾语。【母题3】【来源】【2020 • 天津市西青区二模】David said that the glass was broken and warned me ________ it.A. not to touch B. don't touch C. to not touch D. no touching【答案】A【解析】句意：David说玻璃破了，并且警告我不要碰。考查非谓语动词用法。根据语境可知，句意是“David说玻璃破了，并且警告我不要碰”；根据空处前面的warned判断，此题考查warn sb（not）to do sth警告某人（不要）做某事。故选A。【母题4】【来源】【2020 • 上海市宝山区二模】During the winter holidays, the boy practiced ________ the guitar for three hours a day.A．to play B．playing C．play D．played【答案】B【解析】句意：在寒假期间，这个男孩一天练习3个小时弹吉他。考查非谓语动词辨析。to play动词不定式；playing动名词；play动词原形；played一般过去时。固定搭配practice doing sth“练习做某事”，动名词作宾语，所以空格处填playing。故选B。【母题5】【来源】【2020 • 上海市崇明区二模】Kitty’s mother often makes her ______ up early to walk the dog in their neighborhood.A．to get B．get C．getting D．got【答案】B【解析】句意：基蒂的妈妈经常让她早起在他们家附近遛狗。考查非谓语性动词。to get得到，动词不定式；get得到，动词原形；getting得到，现在分词或动名词形式；got得到，过去式；根据句意理解可知，句中的makes是一个使役动词，在这里表达的是“让某人做某事”，英语结构是make sb do sth，用省略to的不定式做宾语补足语，所以这里应该用get，故选B。【母题6】【来源】【2020 • 山东省济南市市中区中考二模】—Wilson, ________ your phone off or to silent. The meeting is about to start.—All right.A. turn B. turns C. to turn D. turning【答案】A【解析】句意：——威尔逊，关闭你的手机或保持静音。会议就要开始了。——好的。 本题考查祈使句。根据句意“关闭你的手机或保持静音。会议就要开始了。”可知是命令某人，所以用祈使句，句型为“动词原形(+宾语)+其它成分”，故选A。