初中英语中考复习 中考英语专题复习 情态动词【教案】
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这是一份初中英语中考复习 中考英语专题复习 情态动词【教案】,共5页。教案主要包含了教学目标,教学重点难点,知识梳理,板书设计,教后反思等内容,欢迎下载使用。
情态动词教案 【教学目标】1. 要求学生能说出情态动词的分类及用法,掌握情态动词在一般疑问句中的问与答,会熟练做题。2. 要求学生能进行情态动词的辨析,掌握情态动词表示猜测的用法,并熟练做题。【教学重点难点】情态动词can, may, must, ought to , will, shall, should, would , need, dare的用法【知识梳理】考点一:情态动词的分类及用法1. can/could的基本用法:⑴ 表示体力或智力上的能力,即“能够,会”,可与be able to转换,过去时是could。例:He can speak English. = He is able to speak English. —Can you play basketball? — No, I can’t. 如果表示将来具备的能力,要用will be able to。例:If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem. ⑵ 表示许可,主要用于口语,书面语一般用may。例:—Can we go home now, please? — No, you can’t. 2. may/might的基本用法:⑴ 表示“许可”,用can比较口语化,过去时是might。例:You may / can come if you wish. 如果你想来,你就来。You may not pick flowers in this park. 本公园内不许摘花。(may not表示按规定不许可,如果用mustn’t则表示说话人不许可。)—May I smoke here? 我可以在这里抽烟吗?—No, you mustn’t. 不行。(mustn’t表示明确的禁止。)⑵ 肯定句中表示推测,“可能”。例:It may rain tomorrow. 明天可能会下雨。The news may not be true. 这个消息可能不会是真的。注意:如果在疑问句中表示“可能”,通常用can。例:Can it be true? 那会是真的吗?Who can he be? 他究竟是谁呢?⑶ 【注意】:—May I/we……?—Yes, you may./—No, you mustn’t. 3. must的基本用法:⑴ 表示必须,强调说话人的主观意志。例:I must go now, or I’ll be late. You must be here by ten o’clock. 【注意】:表示“必须“时,must的否定式为needn’t,或don’t have to, 而不是mustn’t。也就是:—Must I/we do it now?—Yes, you must . —No, you needn’t /don’t have to . 例:—Must I go with them? —No, you needn’t. ⑵ 表示推测,一般只用于肯定陈述句,表示非常肯定。例:She didn’t look at me. She must be angry. 她不朝我看,一定是生气了。4. have to的基本用法: have to可视为情态动词,但它与其他情态动词在用法上稍有不同。其他情态动词没有人称和数的变化,而have to却有人称和数的变化,要视主语不同而变化。例:I / You / We / They have to…. He / She / It has to…. You don’t have to….Does she have to…?have to =have got to,意思是“必须,不得不”。和must不同之处:must强调主观需要have to强调客观需要。例:Sorry, I have to leave now. 对不起,现在我得走了。I’ve got to go to a meeting. 我得去参加一个会议。Will he have to work deep into the night? 他将不得不工作到深夜吗?5. need的基本用法:need的基本词义是“需要”,它既可作情态动词,又可作实义动词。⑴ need用作情态动词时,只用于否定句和疑问句。它只有一种形式,后接动词原形。例:I don’t believe you need worry. 我相信你没有必要焦急。—Need we go so soon? 我们需要这么早就去吗?— Yes, we must. / No, we needn’t. 是的,必须。/不,不必。So I needn’t tell him, need I? 所以我不需要告诉他,对吧?请比较以下两句话的不同意思:You needn’t buy the coat. 你没有必要买那件外衣。(你还没买)You needn’t have bought the coat. 你没有必要买这件外衣的。(而你却买了)【注意】:—Need I/we……?—Yes,you must ./—No, you needn’t / don’t have to.⑵ need用作实义动词时,有时态、人称和数的变化。如果人作主语,一般后接带to的动词不定式。即need to do sth;如果物作主语,一般后用need to be done 或need doing sth。例如:I need to look up this word in the dictionary. My watch needs mending/to be mended. 我的手表需要修理了。We don’t need to work today. (= We needn’t work today.) Does he need to go right now? (= Need he go right now?) 6. shall的基本用法:1)表征询意见,用于第一、第三人称疑问句。Shall I get some tea? 我给你点茶好吗?2)表说话人的意愿,有“命令、允诺、警告、决心”等意思,用于第二、第三人称陈述句。You shall do as I say. 按我说的做。(命令)7. will/would的基本用法:will1)表意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事。2)表请求,用于疑问句。Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷。3)表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活。would1)表意I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法。Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗?3)表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向她求助。他告诉我盒子打不开了。8.ought to/used to的基本用法:ought to:1)表义务,意为“应该”(因责任、义务等该做),口气比should稍重。You are his father. You ought to take care of him. 你是他父亲,应当管他。2)表推测,暗含很大的可能,语气较弱。Han Mei ought to know his telephone number. 韩梅该知道他的电话号码。考点二:情态动词的辨析1.must和have to两者都表示“必须”的意思,但must含有说话人主观上的看法、态度;have to则表示客观上的需要。【考例1】—Must we finish giving out the posters today?—Yes, we _______. It can’t be put off any longer. [太原]A. can B. may C. must [答案]C【考例2】—I didn’t pass the math test. I think I have spent too much time playing computer games recently.—I agree. You_______ play like that any more. [河南]A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. wouldn’t [答案]B【考例3】When traffic lights are red. We _________stop and wait. [南京]A. may B. can C. must D. might. [答案]C【考例4】—I really like playing computer games! —I’m afraid you ________stop,for your study and your health. [宜昌] A. am B. will C.may D.must [答案]D2.can和could两者都可用来表能力,意为“能够,会”;可用来表示许可(常用在口语中)或表示怀疑、惊异、不相信等态度(常用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中)。【考例1】—Could I borrow your dictionary?—Of course you ____________.[陕西]A. can B. must C. should D. will [答案]A【考例2】—Listen! Is Tom singing in the classroom?—No. It ________be Tom. He has gone to Paris. [长沙市]A. may not B. needn’t C. can’t [答案]C【考例3】—Mary, ________ you speak Chinese? —Yes, only a little. [北京]A. must B. need C. may D. can [答案]D3.shall和should shall用于第一、三人称疑问句表示征求对方意见;用于第二、三人称肯定句或否定句表示说话人给予对方的“禁止、命令、警告、允诺或威胁等”。 should用来表示建议、责任、义务时,可译为“应该,应当”,此时可用ought to替换;可用来表示惊讶、忧虑、赞叹等不满情绪(用在疑问句中);还可用来委婉地陈述自己的意见。【考例】Schools _________allow students at least one hour a day for sports. [安徽]A. would B. might C. should D. could [答案]C 4.had better和would rather “had better+动词原形”意为“最好做……”,否定句式为had better not。“would rather+动词原形”意为“宁可,宁愿”,否定句式为would rather not。【考例1】—Bob,may I ________your MP4?—Sure.But you’d better not _________it to others.[福州]A. end;lend B lend;borrow C. borrow;borrow D. borrow;lend[答案]D【考例2】—What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?—I would rather ______ at home than football. It’s too hot outside. [南京]A. stay; playing B. stay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing[答案]:B 考点三:考查情态动词表推测的用法对现在或将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”。肯定的推测一般用must,should,may (might)或can(could),其中,must的语气最强。意为“肯定”、“准是”、“想必是”;should的语气次之,意为“很可能”、“应该”,指按常理推测;may (might),can(could)的语气最弱,意为“有时会”、“也许”、“可能”。否定推测分为两种情况:语气不很肯定时,常用may/might/could not,意为“可能不”、“也许不”;否定语气较强时,则用can’t,意为“根本不可能”、“一定不能”,表示惊异、怀疑的感情色彩。【考例1】You ________be tired after working for eight hours without a rest. [广东]A. can B. may C. must D. need [答案]C【考例2】—Look at the boy running on the ground.Is it Davis? —It ____be him.I saw him go to the teacher’s office just now.[黄冈]A. must B. can’t C. could D. might [答案] B【板书设计】 can/couldmay/mightmusthave to分类及用法 needshall/shouldwill/wouldought to/used to 情态 must和have to动词 can和could辨析 shall和should had better和would rather 肯定:must>should>may/might/can/could表示猜测用法 否定:语气不很肯定时,常用may/might/could not 语气较强时,则用can’t。【教后反思】
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