2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义（新高考专用）语法填空02--形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换含解析

【高频考点解密】2023年高考英语二轮复习讲义语法填空 解密02 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换的复习要点【构建知识体系】【英语学科素养解读】【解密新高考真题】——预测高考命题方向考点二 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换的高考解密2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布1.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】On the day of the accident, Mrs. Brown was at work and Eric was at home with his father. They both fell ___38___ (sleep) while watching TV. 【答案】asleep【解析】考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。2.【2022·全国甲卷】Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___ (meaning). The two of them collected more than 1,000 plastic bottles along the 40-day journey. 【答案】meaningful【解析】考查词形转换。曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。3.【2022·全国甲卷】In the last five years， Cao has walked through 34 countries in six continents, and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___ (high) mountain.【答案】highest 【解析】考查形容词最高级。在过去的五年中，曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家，2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa’s可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，用形容词最高级。故填highest。4.【2022·全国高考乙卷】“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___44___ (large) tea-producing country, China has a responsibility to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.【答案】largest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。5.【2021·英语全国甲卷】After spending some time looking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time for some action and what 45． (good) than to ride on a piece of history!【答案】better【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后，我们决定是时候采取一些行动了，还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。根据后文比较连（介）词than可知，此处应用形容词good的比较级。故填better。6.【2021·英语全国甲卷】Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and watchtowers to fake pictures or just to watch the local people going about their 50． (day) routines.【答案】daily【解析】考查形容词。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。修饰后文名词routines应用day的形容词daily，作定语，修饰名词。故填daily。7.【2021·全国新高考I卷】The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the 59． (hot) the spring! 【答案】hotter【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：关于黄山温泉让人惊讶的是，气温越低，温泉越暖和。此处是固定结构“the +比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……，越……”。故填hotter。8.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Strange, isn’t it? But that’s how nature is — always leaving us 60．(astonish).【答案】astonished【解析】考查形容词。句意：但大自然就是这样——总是让我们惊讶。此处是“leave +宾语+宾语补足语”，补充说明宾语us的感受，应用-ed结尾形容词。故填astonished。9.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your 63． (ache) legs.【答案】aching【解析】考查形容词。句意：虽然在上山的路上，这是唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并且提供了一个你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的双腿的地方。分析句子及语境可知，此处应用形容词aching“疼痛的”修饰名词legs，意为“疼痛的双腿”。故填aching。10.【2021·全国高考乙卷】Ecotourism is commonly regarded as low impact(影响)travel to undisturbed places. It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become 61． (educate)about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the development of the local areas. 【答案】educated【解析】考查形容词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。分析句子成分可知，此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”。故填educated。11.【2021·全国高考乙卷】·Build respect for and awareness of the environment and cultural practices. ·Provide 68．(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples. 【答案】financial【解析】考查形容词。句意：为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。根据空后名词aid可知，空格处应填形容词来修饰名词aid，finance的形容词形式为financial。故填financial。12.【2021·浙江卷6月】When the house was built, it was much 39． （small）than it is today. 【答案】smaller【解析】考查形容词。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much+比较级+than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。13.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】I told him how 41． (harm) plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.【答案】harmful【解析】考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为how引导的感叹句，how之后接形容词，所以填harmful。14.【2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷】I was so42． (excite) when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.【答案】excited【解析】考查形容词。句意：当他给我回信时，我很兴奋。该空作was之后的表语，用形容词，修饰人，用v+ed形式的形容词，所以填excited。15.（2021年1月浙江高考）This may be due to some disadvantages for people living in the countryside, including 20． (low) levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities.【答案】lower【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以low也应该用比较级形式，故填lower。16.（2020·新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷）The_______ (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.【答案】beautiful【解析】考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。17.（2020·新课标 = 3 \* ROMAN III卷）One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their _________ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best.【答案】finest【解析】考查最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。18.（2020·山东卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, _________ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.【答案】wealthy【解析】考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布1.【2022·新高考I卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate populations and homes of giant pandas, and ___43___ (eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 【答案】eventually【解析】考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。2.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】When he looked down, he ___40___ (accidental ) slipped and fell over the edge. 【答案】accidentally【解析】考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。3.（2022·浙江卷1月）On a website called No Fly Climate Sci, for example, __________（rough） 200 academics - many of them climate scientists have promised to fly as little as possible since the effort started two years ago. 【答案】roughly【解析】考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行科学家”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者，他们中很多人承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词roughly“粗略地大约”，故填roughly。4.【2021·全国新高考I卷】The hot spring at the foot of the mountain is something you must try after the climb. It will 58．(undoubted) help you get refreshed! 【答案】undoubtedly【解析】考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精神！修饰动词help，应用副词undoubtedly“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。5.（2021年1月浙江高考）But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural people in many countries had narrowed 18．(sharp).【答案】sharply【解析】考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrow，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。6.（2020·新课标 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷）Landing on the moon’s far side is ______(extreme) challenging.【答案】extremely【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。7.（2020·新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷）Bamboo: Chinese love their “Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and office._______(certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.【答案】Certainly【解析】考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。8.（2020·新课标 = 3 \* ROMAN III卷）As the small boat moved, _______ (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.【答案】gently【解析】考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。2023年命题解读和近三年考点分布1.【2022·新高考I卷】The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ______ (population)and homes of giant pandas, and eventually achieve a desired level of population in the wild. 【答案】populations【解析】考查名词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处和and后的复数名词homes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词population (种群)的复数的形式。故填populations。2.【2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷】“He saved my ______ (son) life,” said Mrs. Brown. 【答案】son’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词son之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填son’s。3.【2022·全国高考乙卷】“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the largest tea-producing country, China has a ______ (responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.【答案】responsibility【解析】考查名词。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填responsibility。4.【2022·全国甲卷】Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ______ (protect).【答案】protection【解析】考查词形转换。曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾，以促进环境保护。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知，此处用名词protection，作宾语。故填protection。5.（2022年浙江 1月真题）When the answer, was no, she, declined the ___________ （invite）.【答案】invitation【解析】考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语，故填invitation。6.（2021新高考I卷）The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we_________（human） are. 【答案】humans【解析】考查名词。句意为：一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示"人类",常用复数名词humans,此处作同位语,故填humans.7.（2021新高考II卷）A company ________ (represent) wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1,200 daily flights. 【答案】representative【解析】考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数，所以填representative。8.（2021全国甲卷） Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and __________ (watchtower) to fake pictures or just to watch the local people【答案】watchtowers【解析】考查名词复数。句意：据说你可以在两个小时内完成，但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照，或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知，此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念，应用其复数形式。故填watchtowers。9.（2021全国乙卷）It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educate about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the _____________(develop)of the local areas. 【答案】development【解析】考查名词。句意：这不同于传统的旅游，因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色，并且经常为环境保护提供资金，并有利于当地的发展。根据空格前的定冠词the可知，此处填入名词development来做动词benefits的宾语。故填development。10.（2021全国乙卷）___________(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking(远足) 【答案】Activities【解析】考查名词复数。句意：那里的活动从观鲸到徒步旅行并且住宿宗旨是对自然环境影响达到很小。根据谓语动词range可知，空格处应填用可数名词activity的复数形式作主语。故填Activities。11.（2021浙江卷）In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed their ___________ （marry）ceremony in 1842. 【答案】marriage【解析】考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了这座房子和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremony，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry意为“婚姻”，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremony意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。12.（2021浙江卷1月）It is calculated by dividing a ________ (person) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI of between 19 and 25 is considered healthy.【答案】person’s【解析】考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，person是修饰weight的，用 person的名词所有格person’s。故填person’s。13.（2020新课标I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular __________ (interesting) to scientists【答案】interest【解析】考查名词。句意：月球背面让科学家尤其感兴趣。根据空前形容词particular可知，空处应填名词，interest是不可数名词，be of interest to sb。意为“(某物)使某人感兴趣”。故填interest。14.（2020新课标II卷）Chinese New Year is a ___________ (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring. 【答案】celebration【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填celebration。15.（2020新课标III卷）Filled with __________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left. 【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。16.（2020浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the __________ (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。17.（2020浙江卷1月）For Japan, the__________(number)are more striking-22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050.【答案】numbers【解析】考查名词的数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式，故填numbers。18. （2020山东卷）Historical __________ (accurate) is important but so is entertainment. 【答案】accuracy【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后，应使用名词，意为“历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题，预测2023年全国新高考试题还会①文体以说明文、记叙文为主。②上下文语境提示3-4个，单词基本形式提示6-7个。③侧重对词汇变形的考查。【解密考场】——课堂讲解突破关键能力　 形容词、副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换解密①形容词常考命题情境及对策【解题中发现规律】1.【2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学期中】When the cold air encounters autumn rain, it turns into misty rain or fog. When the humidity is high, ____38____ (fog) regions form in many areas of China.【答案】foggy【解析】考查形容词。句意：当湿度很高时，中国许多地区都会形成雾区。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应填形容词foggy，表示“多雾的”，作定语，修饰名词regions。故填foggy。2.【2023·安徽省江淮十校第二次联考】Created by Baidu Smart Cloud, the hostess is supported by the world’s ____58____ (large) sign language database with up to 200,000 pieces of data.【答案】largest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意同上。结合空前的“the world’s”可知，此处指“世界上最大的手语数据库”，应用形容词最高级形式。故填largest。3.【2023·辽宁省六校联考】Next, the scientists take the cells and spread them out to form thin sheets, which are then put together to combine into a little ___64___ (thick) sheets. Anyone can then dye and finish the leather and design it in any way they like.【答案】thicker【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据上文的 put together to combine into 可推断，此处表示“有点更厚的”，用比较级，故填thicker。【我的发现】如何判断空格处应填形容词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换？（1）正确判断形容词的等级。通过语境或特殊句式确定形容词的等级。（2）根据所给词的语法功能（即在句子中作什么成分）确定词的正确形式。（3）形容词作定语修饰名词；（4）形容词作状语表示状态；（5）形容词作表语。【变式精讲】1.【2023·吉林省长春市高三质量监测（一）】About 2,000 people attended the funeral, most notably the Queen’s children: King Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew and Prince Edward. Her grandchildren, including Prince William, Prince Harry, Princess Beatrice and Princes Eugenie, were in attendance. Kate and William’s ____38____(young) child of three, Prince Louis, stayed home.【答案】youngest【解析】考查形容词最高级。句意：凯特和威廉三个孩子中最小的——路易斯王子待在家里。根据常识可知，路易斯是两人最小的孩子，所以填形容词最高级形式。故填youngest。2.【2023·安徽省十校联考】Last year, a ____41____ (power) computer calculated pi to record-breaking 62.8 trillion (万亿) figures. And in 2005, one 23-year-old used clever mental tricks to recite nearly 68,000 of those figures from memory. 【答案】powerful【解析】考查形容词。句意：去年，一台强大的计算机计算出了破纪录的62.8万亿数字。分析句子可知，此处名词power“力量”需要改为形容词powerful “强大的”作定语修饰computer“电脑”。故填powerful。3.【2023·福建省龙岩市非一级达标校联考】That’s because organic farmers always treat quality as _____45_____(important) thing than quantity.【答案】more important【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：这是因为有机农民总是把质量看得比数量更重要。分析句子结构以及空格后面的比较级的标志词than，可知此处填形容词比较级定语。故填more important。解密②副词常考命题情境及对策【解题中发现规律】1.【2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学期中】Fish swim to shallow water areas where the water temperature is ____41____ (relative) high.【答案】relatively【解析】考查副词。句意：鱼游到水温相对高的浅水区。根据句意及句子结构可知，故此处应用副词relatively，表示“相对地”，作状语，修饰形容词high。故填relatively。2.【2023·福建省龙岩市一级校联盟（九校联考】“____45____(fortunate), we have these people. They have been devoted to the inheritance of shadow puppetry for over a decade,”said Wang Xi, inheritor of Beijing Western School Shadow Puppetry.【答案】Fortunately【解析】考查副词。句意：幸运地是，我们有这些人。根据句意可知，空格处用副词。故填Fortunately。3.【2023·广东省普宁市统考】It is a big challenge to find and keep the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites.  ____37____ , big challenges can sometimes lead to great solutions.【答案】However【解析】考查副词。句意：然而，巨大的挑战有时会带来伟大的解决方案。分析此空前后句子可知，前后存在转折关系，且此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面句子，首字母应大写。故填However。【我的发现】如何判断空格处应填副词的等级及利用构词法进行词类转换？（1）正确判断副词的等级。通过语境或特殊句式确定副词的等级。（2）根据所给词的语法功能（即在句子中作什么成分）确定词的正确形式。（3）副词作状语，修饰形容词、动词；（4）副词作状语，修饰整个句子，作评注性状语；（6）独立成分。（7）无提示词的副词使用，注意语境的前后关系，如：however，therefore等。【变式精讲】1. 【2023·湖北省高中名校联盟联考】In memory of his contribution to the health of society, the mountain was named Shennongjia, which____59____ (literal) means “Shennong ladder.”【答案】literally【解析】考查副词。句意：为了纪念他对社会健康的贡献，这座山被命名为神农架，字面意思是“神农的梯子”。设空处应用副词literally修饰动词means。故填literally。2.【2023·福建省龙岩市非一级达标校联考】Those ____44____(organic) farmed foods would prove the fact that they have a natural and better taste. 【答案】organically【解析】考查副词。句意：这些有机养殖的食物将证明它们具有天然和更好的味道。根据空格后面为动词形式farmed，可以判断此空处为副词作状语。故填organically。3.【2023·广东省大联考】Citizen science is science for everyone. Specifically, citizen science is when the public ____36____ (voluntary) helps conduct research. 【答案】voluntarily【解析】考查副词。句意：具体来说，公民科学是指公众自愿帮助进行研究。修饰动词helps应用副词voluntarily表示“自愿地”作状语。故填voluntarily。解密③名词常考命题情境及对策【解题中发现规律】1.【2023·湖北省华中师范大学第一附属中学期中】Cold Dew, the 17th solar term of the year, begins this year on Oct 8 and ends on Oct 22. At this time, there are some interesting ____36____ (phenomenon) you need to know.【答案】phenomena【解析】考查名词的数。句意：这时，你需要知道一些有趣的现象。根据句意及some修饰可知，此处应填可数名词phenomenon的复数，表示“现象”。故填phenomena。2.【2023·安徽省江淮十校第二次联考】Yuan Tiantian and her team conducted extensive research on action ____60____ (identify) to make sure that it can work well. The ____61____ (arm) have 18 points that need to be analyzed, a hand has 21 points and a face has more than 100. All of these points are challenging for the AI and algorithm to process.【答案】identification【解析】考查名词。句意：袁甜甜（音译）和她的团队对动作识别进行了广泛的研究，以确保它能够很好地发挥作用。此处应用名词作介词on的宾语，action identification动作识别，故填identification。【答案】arms【解析】考查名词复数。句意：手臂有18个需要分析的点，一只手有21个分析点，一张脸有100多个分析点。arm手臂，可数名词，谓语动词have是动词原形，说明主语是名词复数。故填arms。【我的发现】如何判断空格处应填名词？（1）有提示词；（2）给出提示词为可数名词时，考虑考查名词复数形式；（3）作主语、宾语和表语可能用名词形式；（4）形容词、形容词性物主代词和冠词后可能用名词；（5）名词所有格形式可能修饰名词；（6）注意词形转换：动词和名词的转换；形容词和名词转换。【变式精讲】1.【2023·湖北省高中名校联盟联考】One of the first things many people learn about Shennongjia is the tale of the wild man, but after visiting the area, they find that the pristine (原始状态的) natural landscape and biological_____65_____ (diverse) in that area add more mysteries to this region.【答案】diversity【解析】考查名词。句意：许多人了解神农架的第一件事是野人的故事，但在参观之后，他们发现原始的自然景观和生物多样性为这个地区增添了更多的神秘。设空处同“the pristine natural landscape”并列作宾语从句的主语，故而需要名词形式。此处表示生物多样性之意，diversity在此处是不可数名词。故填diversity。2.【2023·吉林省长春市高三质量监测（一）】As well as foreign royals and state ____39____(official), a number of famous faces attended the service. Besides, Peep Show actor Sophie Winkleman also attended, because she is royal by ____40____(marry); her husband is Lord Frederick Windsor, the only son of the Queen’s cousin.【答案】officials【解析】考查名词的数。句意：除了外国王室成员和国家官员，一些名人也参加了葬礼。根据上文的“foreign royals”可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填officials。【答案】marriage【解析】考查名词。句意：此外，《Peep Show》演员索菲·温克曼也出席了，因为她是皇室成员；她的丈夫是弗雷德里克·温莎勋爵，女王堂弟的独子。根据空前的by可知，空后为名词，意为“通过婚姻”。故填marriage。3.【2023·重庆市南开中学校月考】Other innovations from schools include paper cuts to show the charm of Chinese culture, and messages to stimulate students’ ____65____(enthusiastic).【答案】enthusiasm【解析】考查名词。句意：学校的其他创新还包括展示中国文化魅力的剪纸，以及激发学生热情的信息。根据空前的名词所有格students’可知，此处应填名词作宾语，enthusiasm热情，不可数名词。故填enthusiasm。语法填空有提示词1.动词：时态；语态；非谓语动词形式；词形转换2.形容词：形容词和副词相互转换；比较级；最高级；反义词；词形转换3.名词：名词单复数变化及词形转换4.代词：人称代词的主格和宾格；形容词性物主代词；名词性物主代词；反身代词5.数词：基数词；序数词；加后缀-teen或-ty等无提示词1.连词（1）并列连词but，and，or等（2）从属连词what，that，when等2.副词：however，therefore，so……3.代词：it4.冠词：an，a，the5.介词及固定短语6.情态动词（考查的几率较低）新课标要求命题解读2020高考评价体系的说明《普通高中英语课程标准》明确指出：高英语语法知识包括词法知识和句法知识：词法关注词的形态变化，如名词的数、格，动词的时、态（体）等；句法关注句子结构，如句子的成分、语序、种类等。词法和句法之间的关系非常紧密。在语言使用中，语法知识是“形式——意义——使用”的统一体，与语音、词汇、语篇和语用知识紧密相连，直接影响语言理解和表达的准确性和得体性。高中阶段英语语法知识的学习应在更加丰富的语境中通过各种英语学习和实践活动进一步巩固和恰当运用所学的语法知识，学会在语境中理解和运用新的语法知识，进一步发展英语语法意识。语篇型语法填空则更侧重考查考生语法和词汇在语境中的运用，强调词汇的变形。同时强调语篇分析能力，凸显交际性和语境化特征。《中国高考评价体系2020》考查必备知识：词法和句法知识；关键能力：在具体语境中，运用语法的能力，阅读理解能力。考点题型形容词语法填空20222022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷asleep；2022·全国甲卷meaningful；highest；2022·全国高考乙卷largest20212021·英语全国甲卷better；daily；2021·全国新高考I卷hotter；astonished；aching；2021·全国高考乙卷educated；financial；2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷harmful；excited20202020·新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷beautiful；2020·新课标 = 3 \* ROMAN III卷finest；2020山东卷wealthy考点题型副词语法填空20222022·新高考I卷eventually；2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷accidentally；.（2022·浙江卷1月）roughly20212021·全国新高考I卷undoubtedly；2021年1月浙江高考sharply20202020·新课标 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷extremely；2020·新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷Certainly；2020·新课标 = 3 \* ROMAN III卷gently考点题型名词语法填空2022022·新高考I卷populations；2022·新高考全国Ⅱ卷son’s；2022·全国甲卷protection；2022·全国高考乙卷responsibility20212021·英语全国甲卷watchtowers；2021·全国新高考I卷humans；2021·全国高考乙卷development；activities；2021年新高考全国Ⅱ卷representative20202020·新课标 = 1 \* ROMAN I卷interest；2020·新课标 = 2 \* ROMAN II卷celebration；