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    初中英语中考复习 秘籍11 完形填空-2020年中考英语抢分秘籍(解析版) 试卷

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    这是一份初中英语中考复习 秘籍11 完形填空-2020年中考英语抢分秘籍(解析版),共26页。试卷主要包含了考试内容,命题特点等内容,欢迎下载使用。
    秘笈11 完形填空


    考向1 完形填空之记叙文
    完形填空是英语考试中一项重要的考查内容。完形填空也是一种综合能力测试题,是对学生语法、词汇、句型、阅读能力、理解能力和逻辑推理能力的一种多方位的检测。按照考试大纲要求,通常在一篇200词左右的难度适中的文章中留出10个空白,要求学生从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,使补足的短文意思通顺、结构完整。
    综观各地往年中考真题,记叙文居多,而且近年中考中记叙文所占比例超过50%,预测2019年中考完形填空也会以记叙文为主,侧重考查实词和对上下文语境、逻辑的理解。
    一、考试内容
    完形填空考题要求考生在阅读过一篇不完整的文章后,能根据上下文意思,在所给的选项中选择最佳答案。其考查点有:
    1. 能够掌握足够的词汇量,正确运用词类和词语的正确搭配。包括名词、代词、冠词、动词等词类和短语等。
    2. 基础语法知识。包括句法、固定搭配、句型、词语加惯用法、时态、语态、主从复合句等。
    3. 还应具有一定的语言运用能力、阅读能力、理解能力、综合分析能力和逻辑判断能力。
    ① 以语篇为载体,测试语言知识和语言能力。试题既考查学生对短文的整体理解能力,也考查学生运用语法知识、词汇知识的能力以及对事物的逻辑推理、分析判断能力。
    ② 以意义填空为主。试题在着重考查考生阅读理解能力的前提下,兼顾对语言知识、常识、逻辑推理能力的考查。
    ③ 降低对单词本身词义的考查要求,注重考查对全文意义的理解。中考完形填空备选项中所涉及的词汇基本上都是常见的初级词汇。
    ④ 考点分布符合考查目的。试题以名词、动词、形容词和副词等信息词汇为考查重点,淡化对介词、连词、冠词等结构词的考查,以检测学生在具体情境中灵活运用所学知识的能力。
    ⑤有的采用主观试题形式。有些完形填空题全部舍弃了学生们平时接触较多的"四选一"形式,而改之以"自由完形填空"形式,除了要求填入单词外,有的还设置了要求填入词组或短语的空格。
    二、命题特点
    1. 选文特点:
    ① 以叙述文体的小故事为主;
    ② 篇幅一般在200~300词之间;
    ③ 难度略低于阅读理解中的短文;
    ④ 所选短文语言地道、纯正,结构严谨,层次分明,逻辑性强。
    2. 设空特点
    ① 首句通常不挖空,以便考生对短文前提和背景有个较清楚的了解,从而使考生尽快熟悉语境、推测文章大意。
    ② 短文设空平均密度为10—20个单词设一个空。
    3. 选项特点
    ① 每个小题所给的四个选项一般都属于同一词性,语意范畴相同。长短相宜,避免了对答案的明显暗示,彼此之间也不会出现相互包容的情况。偶尔有个别小题的四个选项的词性不同,但其语法功能大都一样。
    ② 单从语法角度,甚至从某一句的角度来看,干扰项都可以和空前或空后的文字形成某种搭配,从而形成一定的干扰或起到迷惑作用。
    ③ 选项使用词汇没有重复,尽可能增加考查内容的覆盖面。
    4. 考查特点
    近几年的完形填空题主要考查考生对上下文的理解,要求考生通过语境来作出选择。"语境能力型"试题具有一定难度,因为所给的四个选项往往在语法方面都能成立,错误选项多半可以和空前、空后文字形成某种搭配,极具干扰和迷惑作用。
    5. 难处暗示特点
    完形填空的短文有时因为行文的需要,出现了对考生来说较难理解的背景,或者有时是命题者为了有意识地控制完形填空的难度等原因,往往会在短文的适当之处安排暗示。但这种暗示多为后面暗示前面,也就是说前面的某些空从当时的情况来看,或是线索不清,或是语境不明,无法填出,但只要继续往后看,就会发现此空在文章后面的某个地方有暗示。
    记叙文类完形填空解题技巧
    一、解题方法
    1. 词语搭配法:根据词语的习惯搭配来确定正确答案。
    2. 语法判断法:通过语法分析来选择正确答案。若选项是名词,应根据上下文确定该名词的单复数以及是否用所有格等;若选项是动词,应考虑其时态、语态、搭配及非谓语形式等。
    3. 语境分析法:根据上下文的具体语境,利用所学知识和平时积累的生活常识等,选出最符合情景的选项。
    4. 对比排除法:有时对于一些难选的空,可以试着将各个选项逐一代入空处,然后进行综合比较,从而选出最恰当的答案。
    二、满分技巧
    1. 了解记叙文的六要素。
    记叙文,无论是记人还是叙事,都会交代清楚时间、地点、人物、事件、经过和结果,即记叙文的"六要素"。弄清了这六个要素,基本上就理解了整篇文章。
    2. 明确作者的写作目的。
    就事论事一般来说不是作者记叙的目的,作者往往通过叙述阐明一个道理。作者总是为了某个目的,在情节选择和细节描写上作出合理的安排。读者明晰了写作目的,就能抓住文章的主题。
    3. 读懂作者的观点或态度。
    解题时要认真分析全文,看作者是否一直采用某种态度叙事或描述人。为了增加试题难度,命题人往往采用变化的形式,考生只有在语境的指导下,对文章进行准确地逻辑推断,才能推测出文字之下的深层信息。
    4. 弄清作者叙述的视角。
    弄清文章是以第几人称的视角展开记叙的。通常英语记叙文展开记叙的视角有两个:第一人称和第三人称。用第一人称就是从"参与者"的角度进行记叙,读者可从字里行间感受到作者的态度和感情。用第三人称就是以"观察者"的身份展开叙述,作者的语气客观,与读者保持一定距离,读者的注意力更多地集中在故事本身上。了解作者的写作角度有助于我们抓住作者的思维,深入理解文章的意义,把握好语境。
    考向2 完形填空之说明文
    命题特点分析:
    1. 开头点题。说明文类完形填空中,作者一般在文章的首句直接提出说明的对象,这是掌握说明细节的前提。
    2. 结构清晰。说明文一般按一定的顺序展开。理清文章的说明顺序,对于正确把握文意和上下文的逻辑关系,选择正确答案具有重要意义。
    3. 难度较大。说明文往往采用比较正式的文体,表述准确严谨,生词术语较多,句子较长,结构较为复杂。
    4. 说明文一般采用简练的语言,按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。
    5. 说明文十分讲究条理性,一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。
    二、解题方法:
    1. 快速弄清文章大意。
    对于此类文章我们结合选择项,进行粗读或略读,对文章的大意要先有一个大体的了解。说明文往往生词较多,而题材又比较广泛,所以阅读时,首先要能够掌握文章的大意。
    2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。
    把握了说明顺序,就能准确把握文章的脉络,加强对整篇文章的理解。
    3. 把握文章的组织结构,理清事实细节。
    把握语篇特征对理解文意与答题极为有利。说明性的文章一般都是一篇完整的、意思表达清楚的、逻辑比较严密的短文。在阅读这类文章时,我们一定要仔细研读文章的开头和结尾,从主题句着手,找出支持句,然后寻找文章的结论。这时,我们还要特别注意,不要被表面的一些细节所迷惑,我们在理解细节的基础上,还要斟酌文字的内涵意义,从而对文章进行深层次的理解。
    4. 注重上下文语境
    应逐句精读短文,逐题分析选项,对特定的语境作深入的理解,克服"思维定势",根据全文大意和词不离句、句不离文的原则逐项填空。
    5. 熟练做题方法,遵循四个原则:
    (1)上下一致。每个选择项必须从全文出发,从大处着手,避免孤立地分析每一空格,造成误选。
    (2)语法正确。从语法的角度去考虑动词的时态、语态以及词类用法。
    (3)逻辑合理。在完形填空题中,逻辑推理非常重要,有时每个选择项从语法上讲都正确,但是有的是不合语境逻辑的。
    (4)符合搭配。英语中固定搭配很多,需要熟练掌握,才能做好此类题目。
    考向3 完形填空之议论文
    议论文一般缺乏趣味性,所以在中考中出现的频率不是很高,但是也偶有出现,因此对于这类题材的文章的特点及解题的关键考生也应该有适当的了解。
    一、解题方法:
    1. 完形填空的短文通常没有标题且文章的首句和尾句,一般不设空,要特别注重对首、尾句的理解,因为它们往往提示或点明文章的主题,对理解全文有较大帮助。
     2. 第一遍通读带有空缺单词的短文时可能一时把握不住短文内容,弄不清头绪,这是很正常的。此时要注意克服畏难情绪和急躁心理,应稳定情绪,再将短文读一两遍,直到明确大意为止。
    3. 做题时切勿一看到一个空格就急着选出一个答案,这样往往只见树木不见森林。由于缺乏全局观念,极易导致连续选错。
    因为完形填空不同于单个句子的选词填空,其空白处是位于一篇文章之中,因此必须纵观全文、通篇考虑。
     4. 每篇完形填空所设的空多以实词为主,所提供的四个备选项中只有一个是正确的,其他三项均为干扰项。而干扰项也多半与前、后的句子或词组可以形成某种搭配,即如单从语法角度判断则无法确定,还必须从语篇意义上加以鉴别。
     5. 动笔时先易后难,先完成容易、有把握的答案,这样可以增强自信心,然后再集中精力解决难点。对于实在无法确定的,可以从文中同样结构或类似结构中寻找提示,大胆地作出猜测。

    完形填空题解题技巧
    一、解题步骤
    1. 通读全文,了解大意。
    通读全文时,要跳过空格快速阅读,弄清文章的基本含义。可以先快速阅读全文,这样我们对文章的整体结构和中心思想有个基本的了解。有利于进一步把握全文所讲内容、篇章结构及时态语态的变化,为后面的答题创造条件。
    2. 重视首句的开篇启示作用。
    完形填空所采用的短文一般不给标题,但短文的首句通常可以点明短文的性质,如叙事、议论等,这是我们探索短文全貌的"窗口"。可以以首句的时态、语态为立足点进行思考,判断文章的体裁,推测全文的大意及主题。所以应该重视首句的启示作用。
    3. 抓住关键词,根据上下文解题。
    解题时,要遵循忠于全文大意和主题这一原则,联系上下文展开逻辑推理分析,要迅速找出那些在短文中起重要作用的关键词,了解所提问题的特定语境,语篇中的内在关系。
    在解题过程中,应遵循"先易后难"的原则,遇到个别难题不易判断时,可先跳过去,先去解决那些靠上下文能确定的、比较直接明确的问题。随着下文的展开和文章的深入,或许在前面难以判断的题,下文就有暗示,甚至有明确的暗示。因此,在选择答案时,应特别注意联系前后句,充分利用上下文为确定答案提供的有用信息。
    4. 重读全文,验证答案。
    在全部空格补全以后,一定要根据填好的答案重读全文,看文章是否流畅,前后是否矛盾,语法结构是否无误。如果发现哪些地方读起来不流畅,这就说明那里有毛病,就要进行仔细推敲、订正。
    二、技巧点拨
    1. 充分利用首句作为解题的突破口。
    完形填空的首句往往是完整的、不设空的。而首句又常常是全文的中心句,因此,应充分重视完形填空的首句,通过它大致把握全文的大意和作者的意图,利用它作为解题的突破口。依据首句的提示,捕捉文中关键信息,通览全文,了解文章的题材、体裁、结构、背景、内容大意、前因后果、情节发展、论点论据等基本信息。同时,可以对有些空格要填的词做试探性猜测,为下一步选择最佳选项做好准备。
    2. 根据上下文的逻辑意义确定答案。
    文章是一个具有内在联系的整体,而上下文则是营造语境的基础,也是逻辑推理的依据。通读全文,理顺大意,根据上下文找出信息词,是做好完形填空的技巧之一。完形填空的命题设计正朝着深层化和语境化方向发展,逐渐淡化单纯的语言分析考查,而越来越侧重对逻辑推理判断的考查。词语在特定语境中所表达的隐含信息大都无法从字面或—个或几个句子的表面理解传达出来,这就大大增加了干扰项的迷惑性,从而提高了试题难度。因此,要想解决这类题目,只有借助上下文乃至全文语境的提示。
    3. 从词汇的意义和用法方面考虑。
    做好完形填空必须具备较大词汇量,并结合上下文确定词义。完形填空在命题过程中,淡化基础句型结构,语法规则和短语搭配,侧重词汇的活用。应该加强对词汇合乎情景需求的判断的训练,加深对基本词汇的感受能力和应用能力,提高完形填空题的解题技能。
      4. 积累习惯用法和固定搭配。
    完形填空题中考查习惯搭配和固定用法的题目也占有一定比重,这就需要平时记忆和积累,做到脱口而出。这类题属于较容易的,一般在初选时就能确定。
    5. 依据作者的态度和观点。
    作者写一篇文章必有他的意图和目的,作者在表达情感时总是选择特定的词汇,因此文章字里行间不可避免地渗透了作者的情感。做完形填空时,应该留心捕捉作者的情感信息。
    6. 注意分析句子结构。
    通过句法、语法,能把复杂的句子变得简单,使得意义清晰,信息透明。
    7. 依据生活经验和常识。
    有些空涉及到我们应该具备的常识,是否合乎情理是我们选择的依据。

    完形填空之记叙文解题步骤
    1. 跳过空格,通读全文,把握大意。
    2. 结合选项,综合考虑,初定答案。
    3. 瞻前顾后,先易后难,各个击破。
    4. 复读全文,逐空验证,弥补疏漏。


    A
    【2019江苏苏州中学一模】


    Wishing to encourage her young son's progress on the piano, a mother took her boy to a pianist's concert on a summer holiday evening. After they found their 1 , the mother saw two friends in the hall and walked to 2 them.
    It was the boy's first time to come to the hall. He thought it was a good 3 for him to explore the wonders of the concert hall. He 4 and walked around. He walked 5 a door marked "NO ADMITTANCE"(禁止入内).
    When the hall lights dimmed (变暗) , the 6 would begin. The mother returned to her seat and discovered that her son was 7 . The mother was 8 worried at that at the moment that tears (眼泪) were in her eyes.
    The concert began, and the lights focused on (聚焦于) the wonderful piano on stage. The mother was 9 to see her little boy sitting at the keyboard, playing the song Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star 10 he did at home.
    At that moment, the great pianist came, quickly moved to the piano and 11 in the boy's ear, "Don't stop. Keep playing. " He leaned over (俯身) and began filling in a bass part (低音) with his left 12 , then added a running obbligato (伴奏) with his right hand. They played the piano together 13 . The old pianist and the young novice (初学者) changed a frightening situation into a wonderful creative experience. The audience (观众) stood up and 14 them.
    An artist's achievements and charm depend on not only his perfect skills 15 his good qualities.
    1.A.desks B.stage C.seats D.piano
    2.A.greet B.feed C.notice D.search
    3.A.use B.chance C.season D.culture
    4.A.flew B.sat C.fell D.rose
    5.A.through B.across C.above D.over
    6.A.film B.concert C.conversation D.meeting
    7.A.sleepy B.missing C.tired D.excited
    8.A.so B.very C.much D.such
    9.A.serious B.sad C.patient D.surprised
    10.A.when B.if C.as D.before
    11.A.called B.shouted C.whispered D.cried
    12.A.hand B.shoulder C.foot D.leg
    13.A.badly B.carelessly C.terribly D.happily
    14.A.fought with B.laughed at C.shouted at D.cheered for
    15.A.or B.but C.and D.so

    【答案解析】
    本文讲述的是一个小男孩无意中走上了舞台,在钢琴家的鼓励下和钢琴家一起演奏了曲子,而使音乐会获得异常的成功。从中作者总结出人的一生中需结合鼓励和合作才能成功。
    1.C句意:他们找到座位后,母亲看见大厅里有两个朋友,走过和他们打招呼。A. desks桌子;B. stage 舞台;C. seats座位;D. piano钢琴。根据上文a mother took her boy to a pianist's concert on a summer holiday evening.可知这里是找到他们的座位之后。故选C。
    2.A句意:他们找到座位后,母亲看见大厅里有两个朋友,走过和他们打招呼。A. greet问候;B. feed喂;C. notice注意;D. search搜寻;根据上文the mother saw two friends in the hall and walked to可知这里是走去过打招呼。故选A。
    3.B句意:他认为这是一个探索音乐厅奇观的好机会。A. use使用;B. chance 机会;C. season季节;D. culture文化。根据下文to explore the wonders of the concert hall.可知上文是说对于他来说是一个好机会。根据题意,故选B。
    4.A句意:他站起来四处走动。A. flew飞;B. sat 坐下;C. fell落下; D. rose上升;根据下文He walked __5__ a door marked "NO ADMITTANCE"(禁止入内).可知上文是说他站起来。根据题意,故选D。
    15.句意:他穿过一扇标有“不准入内”的门。A. through通过,内部通过;B. across横穿;C. above以上;D. over在……上方;根据文中a door marked "NO ADMITTANCE"可知这里是说通过,内部通过用through,根据题意,故选A。
    6.B句意:当大厅灯光变暗时,音乐会就开始了。A. film电影;B. concert音乐会;C. conversation对话;交谈;D. meeting会议;根据上文When the hall lights dimmed (变暗)可知下文是说音乐会将开始。根据句意,故选B。
    7.B句意:那位母亲返回她的座位,发现她的儿子消失了。A. sleepy困倦的; B. missing想念;消失;C. tired累人的;D. excited激动的;根据下文The mother was __8__ worried at that at the moment that tears (眼泪) were in her eyes.可知上文是说她的儿子消失了。根据题意,故选B。
    8.A句意:母亲当时如此担心,眼睛里含着泪水。A. so因此;B. very很,非常;C. much许多;D. such如此。So+形容词或副词,表示如此……,so worried表示如此担心的。根据句意,故选A。
    9.D句意:母亲很惊讶地看到她的小男孩坐在键盘前,像他在家里那样弹着歌,《闪烁着小星星》。A. serious严肃的;B. sad悲伤的;C. patient有耐心的;D. surprised吃惊的。根据下文to see her little boy sitting at the keyboard, playing the song Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star __10__ he did at home.可知母亲看到他在弹奏非常吃惊的。根据题意,故选D。
    10.C句意:母亲很惊讶地看到她的小男孩坐在键盘前,像他在家里那样弹着歌《闪烁着小星星》。A. when当……时候;B. if如果;C. as当……;就像D. before在……之前;根据下文he did at home可知这里是说就像他在家里弹奏的。根据题意,故选C。
    11.C句意:那一刻,伟大的钢琴家来了,很快地移到钢琴前,在男孩的耳边低声说:“不要停下来。继续玩。” A. called打电话;B. shouted大喊;C. whispered耳语;低语; D. cried哭;根据下文"Don't stop. Keep playing. " He leaned over (俯身) and began filling in a bass part (低音) with his left __12__, then added a running obbligato (伴奏) with his right hand.可知上文是在男孩的耳边低声说,根据题意,故选C。
    12.A句意:他俯身开始用左手填充低音部分,然后用右手加上一个连续的伴奏。A. hand手;B. shoulder肩;C. foot脚;D. leg腿;根据下文then added a running obbligato (伴奏) with his right hand.可知上文是说用左手。根据题意,故选A。
    13.D句意:他们一起高兴地弹奏了钢琴。A. badly坏得;B. carelessly粗心的; C. terribly糟糕地;D. happily高兴地;根据下文The old pianist and the young novice (初学者) changed a frightening situation into a wonderful creative experience. The audience (观众) stood up and __14__ them.可知上文是一起高兴地弹奏。根据题意,故选D。
    14.D句意:观众站起来为他们欢呼。A. fought with 与…战斗;B. laughed at嘲笑;C. shouted at朝……喊;D. cheered for为…欢呼;根据上文They played the piano together __13__. The old pianist and the young novice (初学者) changed a frightening situation into a wonderful creative experience.可知下文是为他们喝彩。根据题意,故选D。
    15.B句意:一个艺术家的成就和魅力不仅取决于他完美的技艺,还取决于他的优良品质。A. or否则,要不然;B. but但是;C. and和,又; D. so因此。根据上文not only his perfect skills可知这里是不但……而且……。短语not only…but…表示不仅……而且……。根据题意,故选B。
    【点睛】
    技巧一
    完型在"填空"的时候,切忌用中文的"搭配"去感觉,也就是所谓三大出题技巧之一的"中文代入"。要思考英语的搭配,不要死记,要理解和搜集。
    技巧二
    首段首句不出题,是主旨句。除首句外基本每句话都要出题,首段首句没有读懂就不要做下去;
    技巧三
    完型填空里面名词、动词、形容词,这些实词的考点往往被给出明确的线索,存在于改填空的前后,对该填空进行前后联系(名词前面adj。后面从句;形容词前面adv。后面n.;动词前面主语后面宾语等等)指示,考生如果能够判断出前后的关键而又是少量的信息,可以保证题目做对
    技巧四
    如出现陌生的选项词汇,而我们又不认识的时候,这里注意,蒙也有技巧,一般来说选择相对简单的词汇,不要选择偏的怪的词汇。
    在四个选项中,有两个实词互为同义词时,答案往往在其中; 在四个选项中,有两个虚词互为同义词时,答案往往都不选;当四个选项有一个共同意义时,该意义往往不能入选,要看选项的特殊含义

    B
    【2020·哈尔滨市松雷中学校初三】
    请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

    Do you know that the “Happy Birthday to You” song is the first song sung in outer space? Apollo IX astronauts 1 it on March 8, 1969. It is one of the most popular English songs of all time. Here’s the story behind it.
    The song was written by two sisters from Kentucky, Mildred and Patty Smith Hill. It was first published under the 2 of “Good Morning to All” in 1893. It was used as a classroom 3 . Teachers sang it each day to welcome their students to the classroom.
    The composer, Mildred Hill, was a concert pianist. Her sister Patty Smith Hill wrote the original (最初的) lyrics (歌词) for the song while she was a teacher in a kindergarten in Louisville, Kentucky, where Mildred also 4 .
    The Hill sisters copyrighted (取得版权) their song on October 16, 1893. However, it appeared 5 their agreement in Robert H. Coleman’s songbook on March 4, 1924. Coleman changed part of the lyrics to say, “Happy Birthday to You”, 6 the song still had its original title. The song was then published several times over the next ten years, often with small 7 in the lyrics. In 1934, when the song was sung every night in a Broadway Musical, another Hill sister, Jessica, went to court (法院) over the copyright problem of the song. She was 8 about the theft of the song and the failure to pay to her sisters. She 9 her case. The Hill family owned the rights to the melody and had to be 10 every time the song was part of a commercial (商业的) production.
    The Hill sisters, who developed their lives to educating children, could never imagine that the simple little song would continue to earn about $2 million every year.
    1.A.saved B.wrote C.invented D.sang
    2.A.notice B.order C.title D.law
    3.A.party B.greeting C.discussion D.test
    4.A.taught B.searched C.sold D.prepared
    5.A.as B.under C.for D.without
    6.A.although B.until C.because D.after
    7.A.chances B.tasks C.changes D.signs
    8.A.satisfied B.glad C.curious D.angry
    9.A.lost B.won C.heard D.dropped
    10.A.paid B.praised C.invited D.warned
    【答案解析】
    文章介绍了《生日歌》的来历,最初是Hill姐妹在幼儿园教书时创作了它,开始是在教室的问候语,老师唱给学生,欢迎他们来教室,后来Coleman把它改成生日歌,但是主题没变,当1934年,百老汇音乐每天晚上演唱这首歌时,Hill的另一个姐妹Jessica走进法院,诉讼她们的这首歌的版权问题,最后她们赢了诉讼,每年这首歌能挣200万美元。
    1.D句意:阿波罗宇航员在1969年3月8号唱它。考查动词辨析和语境。saved挽救,wrote写,invented发明,sang唱;根据Do you know that the “Happy Birthday to You” song is the first song sung in outer space?和Apollo IX astronauts可知是唱这首歌;故选D。
    2.C句意:它第一次被印刷的标题是Good Morning to All。考查名词辨析和语境。notice布告,order命令,title标题,law法律;根据“Good Morning to All”可知是标题;故选C。
    3.B句意:它被用来作为教室的欢迎语。考查名词辨析和语境。party聚会,greeting问候,discussion讨论,test测验;根据Teachers sang it each day to welcome their students to the classroom.可知是问候语;故选B。
    4.A句意:Mildred也在那儿教书。考查动词辨析和语境。taught教书,searched搜查,sold卖,prepared准备;根据Her sister Patty Smith Hill wrote the original (最初的) lyrics (歌词) for the song while she was a teacher in a kindergarten in Louisville, Kentucky,可知是她也在那儿教书;故选A。
    5.D句意:没有她们的允许出现在了Robert H. Coleman’s歌曲书中。考查介词和语境。as作为,under在……下,for为了without没有;根据The Hill sisters copyrighted (取得版权) their song on October 16, 1893. However, 和 In 1934, when the song was sung every night in a Broadway Musical, another Hill sister, Jessica, went to court (法院) over the copyright problem of the song.可知是没有她们的允许;故选D。
    6.A句意:尽管这首歌仍然用它最初的主题。考查连词和语境。although 尽管,until直到,because因为;after在……以后;根据Coleman changed part of the lyrics to say, “Happy Birthday to You”, 和the song still had its original title.之间的关系,可知是尽管;故选A。
    7.C句意:在歌词上经常有小的改变。考查名词辨析和语境。chances机会,tasks任务,changes变化,signs标志;根据. Coleman changed part of the lyrics to say, “Happy Birthday to You”, __6__ the song still had its original title. The song was then published several times over the next ten years, often with small可知有小的变化;故选C。
    8.D句意:对歌曲的盗窃她非常生气。考查形容词辨析和语境。satisfied满意的,glad高兴的,curious好奇的,angry生气的;根据another Hill sister, Jessica, went to court (法院) over the copyright problem of the song. 和about the theft of the song and the failure to pay to her sisters.可知是生气的;故选D。
    9.B句意:她赢了官司。考查动词辨析和语境。lost丢失,won赢,heard听见,dropped掉落;根据The Hill family owned the rights to the melody and had to be __10__ every time the song was part of a commercial (商业的) production.可知是赢了官司;故选B。
    10.A句意:用于商业演出的这首歌的部分必须付钱。考查动词辨析和语境。paid付钱,praised赞扬,invited邀请,warned警告;根据句意和the simple little song would continue to earn about $2 million every year.可知是被付钱;故选A。
    【点睛】
    根据前后文的语境,结合时态,语态,词性,短语,句型,词义辨析和主谓一致,选出正确的选项。例如:小题9 句意:她赢了官司。考查动词辨析和语境。根据lost丢失,won赢, heard听见, dropped掉落;根据The Hill family owned the rights to the melody and had to be __10__ every time the song was part of a commercial (商业的) production.可知是赢了官司;故选B。

    C
    【2019·安徽师范大学教育集团初三】

    A zero-waste life is a lifestyle that hardly creates any rubbish. So, a zero-waste theme store is about 1 people with a number of everyday, practical and pleasant zero-waste products to help them start on a one-stop, zero-waste life journey.
    "Zero waste" or "danshari" was first 2 by a French woman Bea Johnson. "Live a life and try not to create any rubbish; use different methods to protect the earth." she said.
    Yu Yuan, 27, is 3 attracted by this idea.
    She and her boyfriend have lived in Beijing for many years. And earlier she used to be a customer without thinking a lot 4 she saw a video about "zero waste"
    The 5 is about a family of four, and the rubbish they produce every year is placed in a jar.
    After watching the video, Yu wanted to 6 this zero-waste lifestyle with her boyfriend.
    Yu says that a zero-waste life 7 the 6R principle --Refuse, Reduce, Reuse, Repair, Recycle and Rot(腐烂)
    Over August-October when Yu followed the principle of zero waste 6R, she and her boyfriend Joe Harvey both 8 only two cans of rubbish.
    Now, the couple have opened a small 9 called The Bulk House in Nanluoguxiang, Beijing, to support a zero-waste life.
    At the store they use environmentally friendly products. For example, they use wood products to replace 10 ones and prepare cloth bags printed with zero-waste logos for customers. Most of the products sold in the store can be reused, and a small number of 11 which are not recyclable can degrade(分解). The store 12 has secondhand books and audio-visual CD/DVDs.
    For used toiletries (things like soap and toothpaste that are used for cleaning yourself) there is a company which accepts them, and the couple regularly mails their waste to it.
    Yu says that those who were once not 13 in the zero-waste lifestyle have gradually changed because of curiosity. The zero-waste lifestyle, she adds, is for everyone.
    "It's 14 us at our fingertips." Yu expects some of her friends to 15 her on the road to zero waste. As the saying goes, many hands make light work.
    1.A.offering B.providing C.giving D.affording
    2.A.invented B.found C.discovered D.suggested
    3.A.hardly B.luckily C.clearly D.deeply
    4.A.unless B.until C.after D.when
    5.A.video B.film C.article D.newspaper
    6.A.experience B.change C.represent D.spend
    7.A.accepts B.receives C.follows D.believes
    8.A.saved B.produced C.kept D.wasted
    9.A.shop B.factory C.hotel D.company
    10.A.paper B.cloth C.silk D.plastic
    11.A.it B.them C.their D.its
    12.A.too B.either C.also D.only
    13.A.proud B.worried C.amazed D.interested
    14.A.behind B.around C.ahead D.above
    15.A.organize B.record C.join D.encourage
    【答案解析】
    本篇文章难度适中,主要讲述如今出现了“零废物”这样的活动,一个叫余元的人也加入了这个活动,并讲述了她为这个活动所做的事情。最后余元希望更多的朋友加入这个活动。
    1.B句意“所以零废物主题商店是关于给人们提供大量每日的、实用的、舒适的零浪费产品来帮助他们开始“一站式”零浪费生活旅程。本题考查动词辨析。A.提供,用offer sb sth结构;B.提供,用provide sb with sth结构;C.给,用give sb sth结构;D.支付得起。根据句意可知,译为提供,且根据空后people with...可知,故选B。
    2.D句意“零废物首先被一个法国妇女贝亚约翰逊提议的”。本题考查动词辨析。A.发明;B.寻找;C.发现;D.建议,提议。根据"Live a life and try not to create any rubbish; use different methods to protect the earth." she said可知,这个提议是她提出来的,故选D。
    3.D句意“余元,27岁,深深地被这个主意吸引了”。本题考查副词辨析。A.几乎不;B.幸运地;C.清晰地;D.深深地。根据下文可知,余元开始过“零废物的生活”,所以她被深深地吸引了,故选D。
    4.B句意“在早期,他过去是一个不会想太多的顾客,直到她看到了一个关于“零废物”的视频”。本题考查连词辨析。A.除非(引导条件状语从句);B.直到(引导时间状语从句);C.在……之后(引导时间状语从句);D.当……时候(引导时间状语从句)。根据句意可知,译为“直到她看了零废物这个视频”,故选B。
    5.A句意“这个视频是关于一个四口之家,他们每年生产的垃圾放在一个罐子里”。本题考查名词辨析。A.视频;B.电影;C.文章;D.报纸。根据And earlier she used to be. a customer without thinking a lot. __4__ she saw a video about "zero waste"可知,表示“视频”,故选A。
    6.A句意“看了这个视频之后,余想要和她的男朋友体验这个“零废物”的生活方式”。本题考查动词辨析。A.体验;B.改变;C.代表;D.花费。根据Over August-October when Yu followed the principle of zero waste 6R, she and her boyfriend Joe Harvey both __8___ only two cans of rubbish可知,她和她的男朋友体验这种生活方式,故选A。
    7.C句意“余说,一个零废物生活遵循6R原则:拒绝、减少、重复使用、修理、回收和腐烂”。本题考查动词辨析。A.接受;B.接收;C.遵循;D.相信。根据句意可知,译为“遵守6R原则”,故选C。
    8.B句意“当余遵循零废物的6R原则的8月至10月间,她和她的男朋友乔哈里共同生产了两罐垃圾”。本题考查动词辨析。A.节约;B.生产;C.保持;D.浪费。根据The __5__ is about a family of four, and the rubbish they produce every year is placed in a jar可知,表示“生产两罐垃圾”,故选B。
    9.A句意“现在,这对夫妻已经在北京的南锣鼓巷开了一个The Bulk House的小商店来支持一个零废物生活”。本题考查名词辨析。A.商店;B.工厂;C.宾馆;D.公司。根据At the store they use environmentally friendly products可知,他们开设了一个小的商店,故选A。
    10.D句意“他们使用木制产品来代替塑料产品,并且为顾客准备印有零废物标志的布袋”。本题考查名词辨析。A.纸;B.布;C.丝绸;D.塑料。根据Most of the products sold in the store can be reused, and a small number of __11__ which are not recyclable can degrade可知,商店的东西都是可以再一次利用的,有些东西不能回收但是容易分解,根据常识可知,塑料很难分解,故选D。
    11.B句意“商店里卖的大部分产品能够再一次被利用,一小部分不能循环利用但是能够分解”。本题考查代词辨析。A.它(人称代词主格和宾格);B.他们(人称代词宾格);C.他们的(形容词性物主代词);D.它的(形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词)。根据句意可知,空处代指“产品”,且根据a number of可知,空处用名词的复数,故选B。
    12.C句意“这个商店也有二手的书籍和视听CD和DVD”。too也,用于肯定句句末,且用逗号隔开;either也,用于否定句句末;C.也,用于句中;D.仅仅。根据句子可知,空处位于句中,且译为“也”,故选C。
    13.D句意“余说那些曾经对零废物生活方式不感兴趣的人由于好奇已经渐渐地在改变”。本题考查形容词辨析。A.骄傲的;B.担心的;C.惊讶的;D.感兴趣的。根据句意可知,表示对它不感兴趣。be interested in对……感兴趣,故选D。
    14.B句意“它就在我们的指尖周围”。本题考查介词辨析。A.在……后面;B.在……周围;C.在前面;D.在……上面。根据句意可知,表示“在指尖周围”。故选B。
    15.C句意“余期望她的一些朋友在零废物的道路上能加入她”。本题考查动词辨析。A.组织;B.记录;C.加入;D.鼓励。根据句意可知,表示“加入她”,故选C。
    【点睛】
    做完型填空时,首先要通读课文,明白主旨大意,然后再做题。做完型时要记住“瞻前顾后想结果”这一原则,根据上下文以及语境做题,切忌主观臆断。另外,平时还要多多积累词汇。完型填空常考名词、动词、形容词和副词等辨析。做词义辨析题时,首先要确认四个选项的含义,然后分析语境和逻辑关系,确定答案。

    D
    【2018·江苏省泰州中学附属初中初三月考】
    Most people want to be happy, but few know how to find happiness. Money and success alone do not 1 happiness. A famous person once said, “Happiness depends on 2 .” In other words, we make our own happiness. Here is some advice that can make us 3 happier.
    The first secret of happiness is to enjoy the 4 thing in life. Too often, we spend so much time thinking about the 5 . For example, getting into college or getting a good job, that we can’t enjoy the present. We should enjoy the life’s simple pleasure, 6 spending time with close friends, listening to our favorite music or 7 a good book. People who have a few close friends often live 8 and healthier lives.
    9 secret of leading a happy life is to be active, and have 10 . We can collect toy cars, go fishing or play a 11 like a table tennis or basketball. In this way we can enjoy ourselves and 12 our problems and worries, and only think about the joy of activity.
    13 , many people find happiness in helping others. People will feel good when they help others. 14 we want to feel happier, do something nice for someone. We can help a friend 15 his or her studies, go shopping to buy food for the elderly, or just clean up the park or streets.
    1.A.show B.sell C.bring D.lose
    2.A.other B.money C.success D.ourselves
    3.A.feeling B.feel C.felt D.to feel
    4.A.simple B.surprising C.expensive D.strange
    5.A.health B.future C.money D.danger
    6.A.in fact B.such as C.as a result D.rather than
    7.A.closing B.printing C.reading D.copying
    8.A.happier B.lazier C.poorer D.quieter
    9.A.The other B.An other C.Other D.Another
    10.A.hobbies B.parties C.classes D.habits
    11.A.CD B.sport C.part D.joke
    12.A.forget B.try C.meet D.know
    13.A.Firstly B.Secondly C.At first D.Finally
    14.A.After B.But C.If D.Though
    15.A.in B.at C.on D.with
    【答案解析】
    1.C句意:不是只有金钱和成功才会带来幸福。Show意思是展示;sell ,买,出售;bring,带来;lose意思是丢失,所以答案是C.
    2.D句意:一位名人曾说过“幸福决定于我们自己。”other意思是别的;money意思是金钱;success意思是成功;ourselves 意思是我们自己。所以答案是D。
    3.B句意:这里有一些能使我们感到更幸福的建议。 这里考查的是动词make 的用法。 Make sb do sth. 意思是让某人做某事。 所以答案是B。
    4.A句意:幸福的秘诀之一是享受生活中的简单事情。simple 意思是简单的;surprising,形容词,意思是让人感到惊讶的事或物;expensive意思是昂贵的;strange,陌生的。因而答案是A.
    5.B根据下文“我们却不会享受现在。”判断该句的意思是“太多时候,我们花费许多时间考虑未来。”health ,健康的;future ,未来、将来;money,金钱;danger,危险。因而答案是B.
    6.B句意:我们应该享受生活中的简单快乐。例如:和好朋友度过一段时光;听听最喜欢的音乐或读一本好书。in fact,事实上;such as,比如、诸如;as a result,结果;rather than,表示与之相比,更喜欢。因而答案是B.
    7.C句意::我们应该享受生活中的简单快乐。例如:和好朋友度过一段时光;听听最喜欢的音乐或读一本好书。Closing意思是关上;printing,印刷;reading,阅读;copying,复制。因而答案是C。
    8.A句意:有一些亲密朋友的人经常能生活的更幸福健康。happier ,更幸福的;lazier,更懒惰的;poorer,更贫穷的;quieter,更安静的。因而答案是A.
    9.D句意:领导幸福生活的另一个秘密是活动,有爱好。The other,意思是另一个,经常和one 搭配,表示两个中的另一个。An other是一种错误表达形式。Other 通常表示特指的其他东西或人。Another表示泛指一类中的某一个。这里就是泛指某一个秘密,因而答案是D.
    10.A根据上下文理解这句话的意思是:领导幸福生活的另一个秘密是活动,有爱好。Hobby意思是爱好;Patty意思是晚会,class,班级、课程;habit指生活习惯。Hobbies,parties classes,habits分别是它们的复数形式。因而答案是A。
    11.B因为下文中提到了乒乓球、篮球体育项目,因而这句话的意思是:我们可以收集玩具车、钓鱼或者做一些像打乒乓球、篮球之类的运动。CD,光盘;sport,运动; part,一部分;joke,玩笑、笑话。因而答案是B.
    12.A句意:用这种方式我们可以忘记我们的难题、烦恼,只想着运动的快乐。Forget,忘记;try,尝试、试着;meet,会见、见到;know,知道、了解。所以答案是A.
    13.D这是文章的最后一个段落,因而可知这是最后一个建议,所以句意是:最后,许多人通过帮助别人获得幸福。 Firstly, at first意思都表示开始;secondly意思是第二;finally意思是最后。所以答案是D。
    14.C句意:如果我们想感到更加幸福,那就为别人做些好事。After,之后;but,但是;if,如果;though,虽然。 因而答案是C.
    15.D句意:我们可以帮助朋友学习、为老年人去购买一些食物,或者只是清扫一下公园或街道.这里考查的是help的用法。 在某方面帮助某人用作help sb with sth. 因而答案是D.
    点评:这篇文章主要讲述了一些能让人们感到幸福的方法。本文的难点在于语境理解,必须结合上下文才能做正确,而非单个的考察词组搭配或句意。


    A
    通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后从各题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。
    There was a man who had four sons. He hoped that his sons could learn not to judge (判断)things too 1 . So he gave each of his four sons a question in turn, asking them to go to see a pear tree 2 different seasons.
    The first son 3 in the winter, the second in the spring, the third in the summer, and the youngest in the autumn.
    When all of them returned home, he called them together to 4 what they had seen.
    The first son said the tree was 5 and stark(荒凉的).
    The second son said the tree was covered with green buds(芽)and was full of 6 .
    The third son disagreed, saying that it was full of flowers. He said they 7 sweet and looked beautiful.
    The 8 son disagreed with all of them, saying that the tree was hung with fruits and full of life.
    The man told his four sons that they were all correct, because 9 of them only saw the tree during one season. He told his sons that they could not judge a tree or a person only by one 10 .
    If you give up during the coldness of winter, you will miss the hope of spring, the beauty of summer and the harvest of autumn in your life.
    1.A.slowly B.quickly C.seriously
    2.A.for B.as C.during
    3.A.set out B.set up C.thought out
    4.A.tell B.understand C.describe
    5.A.ugly B.beautiful C.delicious
    6.A.difference B.hope C.experience
    7.A.seemed B.felt C.smelled
    8.A.first B.last C.short
    9.A.every B.both C.each
    10.A.year B.month C.season
    【答案解析】
    本文讲述了一则小故事,老人的四个儿子在不同的季节去观察同一棵梨树,他们四人看到四种不同的景象,虽然都是真的,但是每个人说的都不一样,由此告诉人们,看事物要看全面,不能太快下结论。
    1.B句意:他希望他的儿子们能学会不要太快下结论。slowly缓慢地;quickly快速地;seriously严重地;根据下文这个人让四个儿子不同季节轮番看同一棵梨树,及最后得出的结论,可推测出“他希望他的儿子们能学会不要太快下结论”,所以此处是“quickly”,故选B。
    2.C句意:于是他依次问了四个儿子一个问题,让他们在不同的季节去看一棵梨树。for为;as作为;during在……期间;根据“__2___different seasons.”可知在不同的季节,可推测出此处是“during”,故选C。
    3.A句意:大儿子冬天出发(去看梨树)。set out出发;set up建立;thought out想到;根据“When all of them returned home”可知当他们都回家后,可推测出此处是“出发”,故选A。
    4.C句意:他把他们叫到一起,描述他们所看到的一切。tell告诉;understand理解;describe描述;根据下文四个儿子对那棵梨树的描绘和形容,可推测出此处是“描述”,故选C。
    5.A句意:大儿子说这棵树是又丑又荒凉的。ugly丑的;beautiful漂亮的;delicious美味的;根据空后“stark”及常识可知,是“丑的”,故选A。
    6.B句意:二儿子说,树上挂满了绿色的嫩芽,充满了希望。difference不同的;hope希望;experience经历;根据“the tree was covered with green buds”可知是树上挂满了绿色的嫩芽,可推测出此处是“希望”,故选B。
    7.C句意:他说它们闻起来很香,看起来很漂亮。seemed看上去;felt感觉;smelled闻起来;根据“it was full of flowers.”及“ sweet”,可知是闻起来很香,所以此处是“闻起来”,故选C。
    8.B句意:最后一个儿子不同意他们所有人的看法。first第一;last最后;short短的;根据前面三个儿子讲完了,现在只剩一个儿子,所以此处是最后一个儿子,故选B。
    9.C句意:因为每一个儿子只在一个季节里见过这棵树。every每一的(形容词,不接介词);both两者都;each每个(代词+of);根据“ of them”可知是每一个儿子,所以此处用“each”,故选C。
    10.C句意:他告诉他的儿子们,他们不能只根据一个季节来判断一棵树或一个人。year年;month月;season季;根据“asking them to go to see a pear tree during different seasons.”可知让他们在不同的季节去看一棵梨树,可推测出此处是“季节”,故选C。

    B
    I believe in my mother and it began when I was just a kid, 1 I dreamed of becoming a doctor.
    My mother was a servant. Through her work, she found that 2 people spent a lot more time 3 than they did watching television. She 4 that my brother and I could only watch two to three pre-selected TV programs during the week. With our free time, we had to read two books each from the Detroit Public Library and 5 written book reports to her. She would mark them up with check marks and underline the important 6 . Years later we realized her marks were only a trick, because my mother was an illiterate (文盲). Although we had no money, between the covers of those books, I could go anywhere, do anything and be 7 .
    When I entered high school I was an A-student, 8 not for long. I wanted the fashionable clothes. I wanted to go out and play with the guys. I went from being an A-student then to a B-student then to a C-student, but I didn't 9 . I was cool.
    One night my mother came home from working her multiple jobs and I 10 about not having enough Italian knit shirts. She said, "Okay, I will give you all the money I make this week by scrubbing(擦洗) floors and cleaning bathrooms, and you can buy the family food and pay the bills. With the money left after that, you can have all that you want." I was very 11 with that plan but once I finished allocating (分配) money, there was nothing left. I realized my mother was a financial(财务的) genius to be able to keep a roof over our heads and any kind of food on the table, much less to buy clothes. I also 12 that immediate satisfaction wasn't going to get me anywhere. Success 13 clever and reasonable preparation. I went back to my studies and became an A-student 14 , and finally I realized my dream and I became a 15 .
    1.A.when B.which C.where D.who
    2.A.healthy B.powerful C.successful D.clever
    3.A.reading B.searching C.working D.training
    4.A.said B.insisted C.suggested D.commanded
    5.A.care about B.hand in C.pick up D.write down
    6.A.titles B.attitudes C.parts D.books
    7.A.everybody B.nobody C.somebody D.anybody
    8.A.and B.but C.so D.or
    9.A.stop B.know C.face D.care
    10.A.complained B.chatted C.thought D.worried
    11.A.encouraged B.concerned C.pleased D.moved
    12.A.noticed B.imagined C.believed D.realized
    13.A.suited B.made C.required D.matched
    14.A.even B.before C.forever D.again
    15.A.servant B.doctor C.teacher D.boss
    【答案解析】
    作者出生于一个贫穷的单亲家庭,母亲没有什么文化,但却很注重孩子们的教育。在母亲的帮助与教导下,作者克服了重重困难,实现了自己当医生的梦想。这一成功的事例说明,在教育子女上,父母才是最好的老师。
    1.A句意:在我孩提时就梦想成为一名医生。when当……时;which哪一个;where哪里;who谁;根据句意理解及句子结构分析可知,这里是一个定语从句,且从句中句子成分齐全,所以这里应该用关系副词,而这里指的是时间,所以应该用关系副词when,故选A。
    2.C句意:她发现成功人士花在阅读上的时间比看电视的时间多得多。healthy健康的;powerful强大的;successful成功的;clever聪明的;根据整个文章的理解可知,这里指的是“成功人士”,所以这里应该用successful,故选C。
    3.A句意:她发现成功人士花在阅读上的时间比看电视的时间多得多。reading阅读;searching搜寻;working工作;training训练;根据句意理解可知及后文With our free time, we had to read two books each from the Detroit Public Library可知,这里说的是“花更多的时间阅读”,故选A。
    4.D句意:她说我和弟弟一周只能看两三个预选的电视节目。 said说;insisted坚持;suggested建议;commanded命令;根据句意理解及后句中的we had to read two books可知,这里应该指的是“命令”,故选D。
    5.B句意:并把书面的读书报告交给她。care about关心;hand in上交;pick up捡起;write down写下;根据句意理解及句中的reports to her可知,这里表达的是“上交”,故选B。
    6.C句意:在重要的部分划上下划线。titles标题;attitudes态度;parts部分;books书;根据句意理解及前句She would mark them up with check marks可知,这里是说对上交的读书报告做批改,所以这里应该指的是划出“重要的部分”,故选C。
    7.D句意:虽然我们没有钱,但在书里,我们可以到任何地方,做任何事,见任何人。everybody每个人;nobody没有人;somebody某个人;anybody任何人;根据句意理解及前句Although we had no money, between the covers of those books, I could go anywhere, do anything可知,这里表达的是“在书里可以见到任何书中描写的人”,故选D。
    8.B句意:但时间不长。and和;but但是;so所以;or或者;根据句意理解及后文中I went from being an A-student then to a B-student then to a C-student可知,这里指的是“成为A等生没有持续多久”,这里表达的是转折,所以用but,故选B。
    9.D句意:但我不在乎。stop停止;know知道;face面对;care在乎;根据句意理解及前句I went from being an A-student then to a B-student then to a C-student和后句I was cool.可知,这里表达的是“我不在乎”,故选D。
    10.A句意:我抱怨没有足够的意大利针织衫。complained抱怨;chatted聊天;thought想,认为;worried担心;根据句意理解及前文but I didn't__9__ . I was cool.和后文With the money left after that, you can have all that you want.可知,这里表达的是“抱怨”,故选A。
    11.C句意:我对这个计划很满意。encouraged鼓励;concerned关心;pleased高兴的;moved移动;根据句意理解及后句的转折but可知,这里表达的是刚开始对这个计划是感到开心的,故选C。
    12.D句意:我也意识到即时的满足感不会让我有任何成就。noticed注意;imagined想象;believed相信;realized意识到;根据句意理解及前文I realized my mother was a financial(财务的) genius以及空格前的also可知,这里指的是“意识到”,故选D。
    13.C句意:成功需要聪明合理的准备。suited适合;made制作;required要求;matched匹配;根据句意理解可知,这里表达的是“需要,要求”,故选C。
    14.D句意:我重拾我的学业,又成为了一名A等生。even甚至;before在……之前;forever永远;again再,又;根据句意理解及前文When I entered high school I was an A-student可知,这里表达的是“又一次成为了A等生”,所以这里用again,故选D。
    15.B句意:最后我实现了我的梦想,我成为了一名医生。servant仆人;doctor医生;teacher老师;boss老板;根据句意理解及文章的开头I dreamed of becoming a doctor.可知,这里指的是“成为了一名医生”,故选B。

    C
    “I’m going shopping in the village,” George’s mother said to George on Saturday morning. “So be a good boy and don’t get into trouble. And don’t forget 1 good care of Grandma.” Then she went out.
    Grandma was sleeping in the chair by the window when she opened one little eye and said, “Now you heard 2 your mother said, George.”
    “Yes, Grandma,” George said.
    George was bored to tears. He didn’t have a brother or a sister. His father was a farmer, and the farm they lived on was miles away from anywhere, 3 there were never any children to play with. He was tired of staring at 4 pigs, hens, cows and sheep. He was especially tired of living in the house with his grandma. Looking after her all by himself was hardly 5 way to spend a Saturday morning.
    “Go and make me a cup of tea for a start, 6 sugar and milk,” Grandma said.
    Most grandmothers are lovely, kind and helpful old ladies, but not this one. George’s grandma was a woman 7 was always complaining about something or other. She spent all day sitting on her chair by the window. George 8 that Grandma used to be a gentle lady, but as she grew older, she was not able to look after herself and even worse, she was easy to get angry.
    “We should be nice to the old, George,” his mother always told him.
    Thinking of this, George 9 into the kitchen and made Grandma a cup of tea with a teabag. He put one spoon of sugar and some milk in it. He stirred(搅动) the tea well and carried it into the living room 10 .
    1.A.take B.taking C.to take D.takes
    2.A.that B.what C.where D.which
    3.A.but B.if C.or D.so
    4.A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundred of D.hundreds of
    5.A.an exciting B.a more exciting C.a most exciting D.the most exciting
    6.A.in B.with C.of D.for
    7.A.who B.which C.where D.when
    8.A.tell B.told C.was told D.has told
    9.A.goes B.went C.will go D.has gone
    10.A.care B.careful C.carefully D.careless
    【答案解析】
    本文讲述了乔治在家里好好照顾祖母的故事。
    1.C句意:不要忘了好好照顾祖母。A. take拿走,是动词原形;B. taking拿走,是动名词或现在分词;C. to take拿走,是动词不定式;D. takes拿走,是一般现在时。remember doing sth“记得做过某事”,remember to do sth“记得去做某事”,根据“I’m going shopping in the village”可知,他妈妈要去购物,因此让他要记得照顾好祖母,故选C。
    2.B句意:乔治,现在你听到你母亲说的话了。A. that那个,B. what什么,C. where 哪里,D. which哪一个。动词heard后跟的是宾语从句,宾语从句中动词said,缺少宾语,用what,故选B。
    3.D句意:他的父亲是个农民,他们住的农场离任何地方都有好几英里远,所以从来没有孩子可以一起玩。
    A. but但是,B. if如果,C. or或者,D. so所以。结合句意,前半句表示他们住的农场离任何地方都好几英里远,后半句表示从来没有孩子可以和他一起玩,前后表示因果关系,故选D。
    4.D句意:他厌倦了盯着几百头猪、鸡、牛和羊。A. hundred百,B. hundreds百,C. hundred of当hundred与of连用时,加s,排除C项;D. hundreds of好几百。此处修饰复数名词pigs,用hundreds of。故选D。
    5.B句意:一个人照顾她并不是度过一个星期六早晨的更令人兴奋的方式。A. an exciting 令人兴奋的,B. a more exciting更令人兴奋的,C. a most exciting 非常令人兴奋的,D. the most exciting最令人兴奋的。否定词+a/an+形容词的比较级,表示最高级,故选B。
    6.B句意:奶奶说:“先给我沏杯茶,加糖和牛奶。”A. in在……里,B. with和……一起,用,C. of……的,D. for为了。结合句意,沏的茶里,要加上糖和牛奶,用介词with,故选B。
    7.A句意:乔治的奶奶是个爱抱怨的女人。A. who引导定语从句,修饰人;B. which引导定语从句,修饰事物;C. where引导定语从句,修饰地点名词,作地点状语;D. when引导定语从句,修饰时间名词,作时间状语。此处的先行词woman是人,因此用who引导的定语从句。故选A。
    8.C句意:乔治被告知,奶奶曾经是一位温柔的女士,但随着她年龄的增长,她不能照顾自己,更糟糕的是,她很容易生气。A. tell告诉,是一般现在时的主动形式;B. told告诉,是一般过去时的主动形式;C. was told被告诉,是一般过去时的被动形式;D. has told已经告诉,是现在完成时。根据spent可知,此处用一般过去时,主语George与谓语tell之间是被动关系,用被动语态,故选C。
    9.B句意:想到这里,乔治走进厨房,用茶包给奶奶沏了一杯茶。A. goes去,是一般现在时;B. went去,是一般过去时;C. will go去,是一般将来时;D. has gone去,是现在完成时。根据and前后表示并列关系,根据and后的made可知,此处用一般过去时,故选B。
    10.C句意:他把茶好好地搅了搅,小心翼翼地端进客厅。A. care关怀,是名词;B. careful认真的,是形容词;C. carefully认真地,是副词;D. careless粗心的,是形容词。修饰动宾短语carried it into用副词,故选C。
    【点睛】
    这篇短文讲述了乔治在家照顾他的祖母。文章主题明确,结构清晰,内容贴近学生们的日常生活,比较容易理解。题型是完形填空,考查学生们在具体语境中运用语言的能力,综合性较强。做题时,应先通读短文,了解文意;然后根据上下文语境做题,注意空前后的搭配,并仔细辨析选项中单词的意思和用法;最后将答案代入原文,再读一遍,检查答案是否正确。例如第5小题,考查了否定词+a/an+形容词的比较级,表示最高级,故选B。再如第9小题,考查时态辨析及语境。. goes去,是一般现在时;went去,是一般过去时;will go去,是一般将来时;has gone去,是现在完成时。根据并列连词前后接相同的成分,可判断and前后用相同词性或时态的单词,根据and后的made是一般过去时,因此and前用一般过去时went。故选B。

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