初中英语中考复习 考点01 冠词-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （原卷版）

这是一份初中英语中考复习 考点01 冠词-备战2021年中考英语考点一遍过 （原卷版），共12页。试卷主要包含了冠词的用法；，不用冠词的情况；，冠词的位置等内容，欢迎下载使用。
考点一   冠词命题趋势：   冠词是一种虚词，是名词的一种标志，不能独立担任任何句子成分，只能附着在一个名词上，帮助说明其词义。对于冠词的考查，往往集中于a、an的用法区别，定冠词的用法，不用冠词的情况，习惯用语中冠词的用法等几个方面。考查形式以单项选择为主，有时也会在完形填空、完成句子等类型的题目中出现。在学习过程中，不但要掌握不同类型的冠词的用法，还要注意习惯搭配中的冠词的使用情况。中考考查重点：一、冠词的用法；二、不用冠词的情况；三、冠词的位置。考向一：冠词的分类分类说明例子不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前a gift 一份礼物，a plane 一架飞机，a useful book 一本有用的书an用于以元音音素开头的单词前an hour 一小时，an apple 一个苹果，an honest girl 一个诚实的女孩定冠词the只有一种形式，一般用于特指the pen you write with 你写字的钢笔，the Chinese movie 那部中国影片【易错警示】1. 有些单词虽然是以元音字母开头，但是却发元音，因此其前用不定冠词a，如：university，European，one-way等。2. 有些单词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但是却发元音，因此其前用不定冠词an，如：hour，honest，honor等。考向二：冠词的基本用法一、 不定冠词a、an的用法1. a和an都用于可数名词单数前，泛指人和物。表示可数事物中的一个。但两者用法有区别：（1）若随后的单词以辅音音素开头，用 a。如：a lot of，a good idea，a pear。（2）若随后的单词以元音音素开头，用 an。如：an example，an orange，an apple。注意：某些以元音字母开头的单词用a，因为其第一个音是/j/。如：a university，a European language。某些以字母 h 开头的单词用an，因为这些单词的＂h＂不发音。如：an honest boy，an hour ago。序号用法例句1表示数量＂一＂的概念There is a football behind the door. 门后有一个足球。2指事物的单位，有＂每一＂的意思You’d better take this medicine three times a day. 你最好每天三次服用这种药。He goes to the library twice a week. 他每周去图书馆两次。3表示同一类人或事物中的任何一个A bird can fly. 鸟会飞。4用于第一次提到的某人或某物前A Mr. Smith is looking for you. 有位史密斯先生正在找你。5用于某些物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前A heavy rain fell yesterday. 昨天下了一场大雨。Listening to music is really a good pleasure. 听音乐的确是一种很好的娱乐方式。6表示＂同一＂的概念，相当于the same the sameThe two flowers look different, but they are of a kind. 这两朵花看上去不同，但是为同一类的。7用于一些固定搭配中in a hurry匆忙地，make a choice做选择，have a good time玩得高兴，a number of许多【知识拓展】1. 同源宾语前不定冠词的使用：动宾短语中，与动词＂同源＂的名词前一般要加不定冠诃，如：sleep a sound sleep 睡得很香         fight a hard fight 进行艰苦的斗争；dream a sweet dream 做一个甜美的梦    live a happy life 过幸福的生活；smile an attractive smile 笑得迷人2. 惯用短语中的不定冠词have a word with sb 同某人谈话     have a try 试一下  have a good time 玩得高兴      have a look 看一看have a headache 头痛       have a good sleep 好好睡一觉go for a walk 散步        take a bath 洗澡tell a lie 撒谎         wait a moment 等一会with a smile 微笑着           with an effort 努力地as a result 因此            once in a while 偶尔for a moment/ while 一会儿      in a hurry 匆忙地 make a face 做鬼脸           do sb a favour 帮某人忙take an active part in 积极参加         at a time 每次 as a whole 作为整体           all of a sudden 突然 once upon a time 从前       in a word 总之冠词的用法口诀名词有两＂冠＂，定冠不定冠，定冠就是the，不定a和an。先分特泛指，确定大路线。泛指不定无，特指the定冠。泛指可数单，须用a或an；辅音前用a，an在元音前；复数不可数，泛指不用冠；前有代词限；冠词不再见。1. 【2020• 贵州贵州黔东南州中考】— Have you ever worked as________volunteer during the COVID-19 pandemic(新冠疫情)?—Yes. It was ________unforgettable experience for me.A. an; an B. an; a C. a; an D. a; a2. 【2020• 贵州贵州铜仁市中考】—What are you going to be when you grow up?—I’m going to be________ doctor like Zhong Nanshan.A. a B. an C. the D. /二、定冠词the的用法1. 用于特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。►This is the city where my grandfather once lived. 这是我（外）祖父曾经生活过的城市。►The cellphone is on the table. 手机在桌子上。2. 用于指谈话双方知道的人或事物。►What is the president doing about all this? 对于这些事情，总统正在做什么？►Would you mind my opening the window? 你介意我打开窗户吗？3. 用于复述上文提过的人或事物（第一次提到用＂a或an＂，以后再次提到用＂the＂）。►Jim lives in a small village. In the village, there is an old tree. 吉姆住在一个小村庄里。村庄里有棵老树。►I bought an iPhone 5S in the store. The iPhone 5S cost 4, 000 yuan. 我在商店买了一部iPhone 5S手机。这个手机花了我4，000元。4. 用在序数词和形容词最高级前。►Spring is the first season of a year. 春季是一年中的第一个季节。►American is the developed country in the world. 美国是世界上最发达的国家。►This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。5. 表示世界上独一无二的事物。the sun 太阳     the moon 月亮   the earth 地球    ►The sun is much bigger than the earth. 太阳比地球大得多。6. 用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前。the Great Wall 长城   the United States 美国  the United Nations 联合国 7. 用于表示方向、方位的名词前。in the east 在东方   in the front 在前面   at the back 在后面    in the bottom 在底部   at the top 在顶部   on the right 在右边8. 用在表示计量的（度量衡）名词前。 by the ton/pound/yard/metre/kilo 注意：by后面接上表示面积、体积、重量、长、高、短、深时，中间不加冠词。by volume/weight/length/width/depth9. 在海洋、江河、湖泊、山脉、海峡、海湾等地理名词前。the Pacific Ocean 太平洋     the Huanghe River 黄河the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉   the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡►The Nile is the longest river in the world. 尼罗河是世界上最长的河流。10. 在姓氏复数前，表示一家人。►The Whites are going to visit China next month. 怀特一家人下个月打算来中国。►The Blacks are going to Kaifeng next week. 布莱克一家下周准备去开封。11. 和某些形容词连用，表示一类人或物。the poor 穷人   the rich 富人   the sick 病人   the wounded 伤员►The rich are not always happier than the poor. 富人也不总是比穷人开心。12. 在the more ... the more比较级的句式中。►The more you exercise, the more health you are. 你锻炼得越多，就会越健康。13. 用在西洋乐器单数可数名词前。play the piano 弹钢琴      play the violin 拉小提琴 * 中国乐器名词前不与冠词连用：play erhu 二胡  ►I practice playing the piano every day. 我每天练习弹钢琴。14. the用在可数名词单数前可以表示一类人或事物。►The panda is a cute animal. 熊猫是可爱的动物。►They are the doctors of this hospital. 他们是这个医院的全体医生。15. 用于固定结构＂动词+sb+介词+the+身体某一部位＂中，常见的此类动词有take，catch，hold，seize，hit，cut，strike，lead，pat等。take sb by the arm 抓住某人的手臂   hit sb in the face 打某人的脸 ►The policeman seized the thief by the arm and struck him on the back. 警察抓住小偷的胳膊，打了他的背。16. 用在世纪或＂世纪+年代＂名词前。in the18th century 在18世纪    in the 1960s 在20世纪60年代 ►The war broke out in the sixties. 战争爆发于60年代。17. 用于某些特指的抽象名词、物资名词前，尤其是其后有限制性定语修饰时。►The young generation is the hope of the world. 年轻一代是世界的希望。►The three children are the joy of my life. 这三个孩子是我生命中的乐趣。18. 用在某些固定的表达法。in the morning 在早上      in the afternoon 在下午      in the evening 在晚上      go to the cinema 去看电影  in the world 在世界上      all the year round 一年到头on the way to 在去……去的路上      定冠词的用法口诀特指双知上问题，独一无二普变专；方位顺序最高级，赛项乐器影剧院；群岛河山江湖海，沙漠海峡和海湾。【易错警示】有定冠词和无定冠词短语的区别1. go to school 去上学       go to the school 到学校去2. be in charge of 负责……      be in the charge of 由……负责3. take place 发生         take the place of 代替4. in prison 坐牢        in the prison 在监狱里5. in front of ... 在……（外部的）前面   in the front of 在……（内部的）前面5. be in hospital 因病住院      be in the hospital 在医院里6. by sea 乘船        by the sea 在大海旁7. in class 上课        in the class 在班级里8. in office 执政        in the office 在办公室9. in place of 代替        in the place of 在……地方10. sit at table 吃饭       sit at the table 坐在桌旁11. by day 在白天        by the day 按日计算12. in future 今后        in the future 将来13. out of question 不成问题      out of the question 不可能14. out of office 离岗       out of the office 离开办公室1. 【2020•新疆维吾尔自治区(建设兵团)中考】— The photo makes me think of ________ trip to Hangzhou last year.— Yeah, we had ________ great time there.A. a; / B. an; the C. the; the D. the; a2. 【2020• 重庆A卷中考】Look! There are so many stars in ________sky.A. a B. an C. the D. /考向三：不用冠词的情况序号情况例句1物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词前Electricity is a form of energy. 电是一种能量形式。(物质名词)Music can bring people pleasure. 音乐可以带给人们快乐。(抽象名词)Van is a beautiful city. 西安是一座美丽的城市。(专有名词) 2季节、月份、星期、节日、假日等名词前Winter is my favourite season because I can make snowmen. 冬天是我最喜爱的季节，因为我可以堆雪人。June 1 is Children’s Day. 六月一日是儿童节。注意：民族节日前要加the。如：the Spring Festival3表示泛指的复数名词前Books are our friends. 书是我们的朋友。4一日三餐的名词前I go to school without breakfast. 我没有吃早餐就去上学5球类运动、棋类的名词前My father often plays chess with me when he is free. 我父亲有空的时候经常和我下棋。6表示独一无二的职位、头指、称呼的名词前He was elected the chairman of the committee. 他破选举为委员会主席。7表示学科、科学的名词前I was not good at physics when I was in the middle school. 当我上初中时，我物理学得不好。8有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词等限定词修饰的名词前Miss Zhang is our English teacher. 张老师是我们的英语老师。Some kids entered the park through that door. 一些孩子从那扇门进入了公园。9表示交通方式或通讯方式的名词前Tom went to America by ship. 汤姆是坐船去的美国。Did you send the file by email? 你是用电子邮件发送的文件吗？10某些固定搭配中不用冠词all night 在晚上，at first 起初，on time 按时，in fact 事实上，at home在家里，go to bed 上床睡觉，after school放学后，by hand手工【知识拓展】冠词的省略主要指可用可不用冠词的情况。有以下几种：1. 文章标题、书名、广告语中等，在不引起歧义的情况下，冠词可以省略，从而使行文更加简明。►Fully furnished flat to let 全新装修公寓出租(广告)2. 两个并列名词前面都有相同冠词时，第二个名词前的冠词常被省略。►Is the baby a boy or (a) girl? 这个宝宝是男孩还是女孩？零冠词用法口诀下列情况应免冠，名词之前代词限；专有名词不可数，学科球棋三餐饭；复数名词表泛指，星月节日四季前；颜色语种和国名，习语称呼及头衔。【2020• 四川凉山州中考】Bruce likes playing ___________ soccer. so his father bought him ___________ soccer ball.A. a; an B. the; a C. /; the D. /; a考向四：冠词的位置情况位置例句一般情况冠词位于名词或名词短语的最前面China is a beautiful Asia country. 中国是一个美丽的亚洲国家。固定结构as/so... as…结构中，a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后Alice is not so smart a girl as I thought. 爱丽丝不像我想象中的那么机灵。so... that…结构中，a/an一般应位于as/so修饰的形容词之后It is so difficult a question that no one in our class can answer it. 这个问题如此难以至于我们班没有一个人能够回答。such... that…结构中，a/an一般应位于such之后，形容词之前He is such a good boy that we all like him. 他是如此好的男孩大家都喜欢他。too... to...结构中，a/an位于too修饰的形容词之后Linda is too young a girl to be left by herself at home. 琳达太小了，不能把她单独留在家里。名词前有形容词rather，quite或very时，不定冠词通常置于rather、quite之后，very之前It is quite a good job. You should take it. 那真是一份好工作，你应该做。Hurry Pother is a very interesting book. 《哈利﹒波特》是一本非常有趣的书。名词前有all，both，double，twice等修饰时，冠词应位于其后、名词之前Both the parents are very strict with their kids. 这对父母都对他们的孩子很严格。感叹句中what引导的感叹句中，a/an置于what后What a heavy rain it is! 多么大的雨啊！What an exciting news he brings us! 他给我们带来了一个多么令人兴奋的消息啊！how引导的感叹句中，a/an置于how修饰的形容词后How timely a rain we’ve got in such a dry season! 在这样干燥的季节里，这真是一场及时雨啊！【助学记忆】1. 名词前用不用冠词，用哪一个冠词，一般取决于三个基本因素：①是可数名词，还是不可数名词；②是单数名词，还是复数名词；③是特指，还是泛指。2. 单数可数名词前除非有其他限定词(如指示代词、物主代词等)修饰，否则必须要加冠词。1. Our English teacher told us _______ interesting story and _______ story was about Thomas Edison.A. an; a B. the; the C. a; the D. an; the2. —You’ve dropped _______ ＂S＂ in the word ＂necessary＂.—Oh, _______ letter ＂s＂ is doubled.A. a; a B. a; the C. an; the D. the; the3. Our National Day is on _______ first day in _______ October.A. a; the B. the; a C. the; 不填 D. a; 不填5. We often have three meals _______ day. And we usually have _______ breakfast    at 8:00 every morning.A. a; the B. a; a C. a; / D. /; the6. Sandy is _______ Australian girl, she came to China for travelling with her parents last week.A. a B. an C. the D. /7. I want to be _______ English teacher because English is _______ useful language.A. a; a B. an; a C. a; an D. an; an8. —Mike! Our country is building the third aircraft carrier（航空母舰）.  Xinhua News Agency reported last month—What _______ unusual thing! I’m proud _______ it. A. a；of B. an； of C. the； in D. /： in9. We usually go swimming in _______ summer. But in _______ summer of 2018, we didn’t.         A. /; /        B. a; a             C. /; the            D.  a; / 10. —_______ Smiths are used to living in Shanghai now. —We hope more and more foreign friends live _______ better life in China. A. /；a B. The； an C. The； a D. /；the1. 【2020•海南省】Rivers low, mountains high, the same moon in _________sky.A. a B. / C. the2. 【2020•沈阳市】I would like to be ________ scientist in the future. They are so great.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填3. 【2020• 江苏省苏州中考】—Did you go on the Silk Road trip by train?—Yes. The train was great, just like a hotel ________ wheels — it had all that I needed.A. in B. at C. on D. by4. 【2020• 山东滨州市中考】—Have you ever seen ________film Ne Zha?—Yes, I have. It tells us ________different story of Ne Zha.A. a; an B. an; the C. a; the D. the; a5. 【2020• 四川达州市中考】— There will be _________ 8-day art exhibition（展览）in Da Zhou next month. We can enjoy great works like Mono Lisa Smile by Da Vinci.— Wow! It must be _________ most unusual exhibition.A. a; the B. a; an C. an; a D. an; the6. 【2020•青海省】— The dining hall is specially built for ________.— That’ s great! People over seventies won’t have to worry about their daily meals.A. an old man B. the old man C. the old7. 【2020•甘肃武威市】What ________ pity that you couldn't go to the party!A. a B. an C. the D. /8. 【2020•黑龙江绥化】You should take __________ umbrella with you in England, even on __________ sunny day.A. a；a B. an；a C. a；an9. 【2020•南通市】Tom was happy to get a chance to play _______ football for the school team.A. a B. an C. the D. 不填10. 【2020•江苏泰州市】It’s ________ pity that many wild animals are now in danger. Please have________ pity on them since they are part of our big family.A. a; / B. a; a C. /; a D. /; /11. 【2020•东营市】Washing hands properly is ________ good way to prevent us from COVID -19.A. a B. an C. the D. /12. 【2020•云南省】— Jimmy, are you the only child in your family? — No, I have ________ active sister.A. a B. an C. the D. /13. 【2020•四川攀枝花】—There is a mistake in your sentence. —0h, I see. I've dropped _____________"u" in the word "usually".A．a B．an C．the D．/14. 【2020•天津市】Lao She is ________ great writer. He’s especially famous for ________ play Teahouse.A．an; the B．a; the C．an; a D．a; an15. 【2020•益阳市】I read ________ unusual story last night. ________ story is about Dr. Zhong Nanshan.A. an；A B. a；The C. an；The 1. 【2020 • 安徽省合肥市二模】—Look! This is ________ classroom we are looking for.—OK. Let's go in.A. a B. an C. the D. /2. 【2020 • 黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区一模】 Each of you must have a goal. Work hard every day to make ________ great progress towards your goal. Good luck and hope to see your satisfying results!A. a B. / C. the3. 【2020 • 黑龙江省哈尔滨市松北区二模】Less is more. People should play________ active part in saving the earth instead of wanting too much from the earth.A. an B. / C. the4. 【2020 • 山东省济南市槐荫区二模】—There is_________ pencil under the desk.—Oh, that's my pencil.A. a B. an C. the D. /5. 【2020 •四川省乐山市峨眉山市二模】My cousin bought________ useful book for me， but I've read________ book before．A. an， a B. an， the C. a， the6. 【2020 • 山东省菏泽市曹县二模】Berlin is ________ capital of Germany.A. a B. an C. the7. 【2020 • 甘肃省张掖市一模】In order to find ______ better job, she planned to learn ______ second foreign language.A. the； a B. a； a C. the； the D. a； the8. 【2020 • 济南市市中区二模】—Paul, you’ve dropped _________ “ f ” in the word “giraffe”. It should be doubled.—Sorry, Mr. Green. I will be careful about the word spelling.A. a B. an C. the D. /9. 【2020 • 天津市和平区二模】It's necessary for you to have________ breakfast every morning because it's________ symbol of a healthy lifestyle.A. a;不填 B. 不填;a C. 不填;the D. a;the10. 【2020 • 天津市河西区二模】—Look! There is a monkey eating         apple in the tree.—En,          monkey is very cute.A. a; a B. a; the C. an; an D. an; the