2023届高考英语二轮复习专题11动词主谓一致学案

专题11 动词的主谓一致

2023年高考英语冲刺复习考点通关大全

【考点详解】

【命题解读】                  

主谓一致是历年高考试题中的主要命题点，指谓语动词在人称和数上与主语保持一致。它主要以语法填空和短文改错的形式来测试。由于汉语中不存在主谓一致的问题，所以这是一个考生经常出错的知识点。

【命题预测】

预计2023年高考对主语是分数、百分数、不定式、动名词、主语从句的主谓一致问题仍然将会是高考命题的热点。命题侧重继续以语法填空和短文改错为主

【复习建议】

1.掌握三个原则，即语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则

2.注意句中的动词是及物动词还是不及物动词

3.注意其他提示信息，如主句的时态、时间状语、关键词等

4.系统全面地学习，应对此部分所讲内容认真学习，碰到错误，对照所讲知识找出错误根源，不断夯实基础

考点一   （语法一致原则）

(1)当主语后面接由as well as,  accompanied by, including, in addition to, more than, no less than, rather than, with, together with等构成的词组时，其谓语动词的形式要依主语的单复数而定。在这样的句子里，这些词所引导的词组不影响主语自身的单复数形式，它们在句子里其实是状语。

①The leader and artist as well as some of our English teachers was given a chance to go abroad last year.

那位领导兼艺术家和我们的一些英语老师去年得到了一次出国的机会。

②My father, together with his workmates, has been to Beijing.

我父亲和他的同事们去过北京。

【真题剖析】

【2022真题 改错】Amy, as well as her brothers, were given a warm welcome when returning to the village last week.

【答案】were改为was

【解析】考查主谓一致和动词的时态和语态。句子主语的中心词为as well as her brothers前面的Amy, 故谓语应使用单数形式。由时间状语last week可知谓语动词应为一般过去时，分析句意可知主语应当是“被欢迎”，故正确答案为was given。

【真题剖析】

【2022真题】The famous musician, as well as his students, _____ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.

A. were invited   B. was invited   C. have been invited   D. has been invited

【答案】B

【解析】考查主谓一致和动词的时态。题干主语中心词为介词短语as well as前面的musician，故谓语应使用单数形式。由状语at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo可知应当使用过去时，故选was invited。

(2)由lots of, a lot of, a number of, plenty of,enough等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。

③A great number of students who were invited to the party were from my school.

很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自于我校。

④A great deal of water is polluted every year.

每年大量的水被污染。

但quantities/amounts of修饰名词时，谓语动词的单复数取决于quantity和amount的单复数形式。

⑤Quantities of information are available on the Internet.  在网上可得到大量的信息。

对比: A large quantitiy of clothes was burnt.  大量的衣服被烧毁。

(3)定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数由其修饰的名词的单复数形式来确定；如果定语从句修饰前面的整个句子，从句中的谓语动词用单数。

【典例剖析】

 【2022 全国卷Ⅲ 改错】The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.

 【答案】include改为includes

 【解析】考查主谓一致。分析句子结构可知，定语从句修饰先行词place，故谓语动词应当使用单数形式，由上下文可知此处应用一般现在时，故将include改为includes。

⑥Those who were praised at the meeting would be sent to America for further study.

在这次会议上被表扬的人将被派到美国深造。

⑦He married Mary, which was very natural.

他娶了玛丽，这是很自然的事。

对比：Mr Lee， who is now downstairs, is asking to see you. 

      The lees, who are now downstairs, are asking to see you.

(4)倒装句、强调句中的主谓一致

a．倒装句中谓语动词的数与后面的主语保持一致，即谓语后面的主语是单数，动词用单数；谓语后面的主语是复数，动词用复数。

⑧A building stands in front of us.

→In front of us stands a building.

我们面前矗立着一栋楼。

⑨Rows of fruit trees were on either side.

→On either side were rows of fruit trees.

在每一边都有一排排的果树。

【典例剖析】

 Among all my friends _____(be)a special one I'm most thankful to.

 【答案】is

 【解析】考查主谓一致。句子开头部分为介词短语，介词不能用作主语。分析句子结构可知，词句为倒装句，主语为a special one，故填is。

b．在强调句中，如果被强调的成分是原来句子的主语，引导词that(或who)后面的谓语与被强调的成分在人称和数上保持一致。

⑩He is a doctor.

→It is he who is a doctor.

他是一名医生。

2．就近一致原则

(1)由or, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ... , not ... but ... 等连接的并列主语，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

①Not only the students but also the teacher enjoys listening to the music of this kind.

不仅学生们而且这位老师也喜欢听这种音乐。

②Neither the children nor the mother knows anything about it.

孩子们和母亲都不知道这件事。

(2)在There be句型及Here开头的句子中，有两个或几个并列主语时，谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。

③There is a pen, two knives and several books on the table.

桌子上有一支钢笔、两把小刀和几本书。

→There are two knives, a pen and several books on the table.

桌子上有两把小刀、一支钢笔和几本书。

3．意义一致原则

(1)and, both ... and ... 连接两个不同的主语，谓语动词用复数形式；但是如果由and连接的两个名词表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词须用单数形式。

①Her teacher and her friends are in the sitting room.

她的老师和朋友们都在客厅。

②The poet and writer has produced many works.

这位诗人兼作家写出了许多作品。

(2)“no/each/every/many a＋单数名词＋and＋no/each/every/many a＋单数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。

③Every boy and every girl wishes to attend the party to be held next Sunday.

每个男生和女生都希望参加下周日举行的聚会。

(3)动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。

④To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.

学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。

⑤That he has won the game is known to us all.

他赢了这场比赛是我们都知道的事。

⑥Swimming in rivers in summer is a good sport, but to swim in rivers in winter needs great willpower.

夏天在河里游泳是很好的运动，但冬天在河里游泳需要极大的意志力。

(4)含修饰语的名词作主语的特殊情况：

a．many a/more than one＋单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。

⑧Many a parent was forced to go through this same painful process.

很多父母都被迫经历这一段痛苦的过程。

b．the rest, the remaining/part ...，plenty of, a great deal of等＋主语，谓语动词应根据所表达的单复数意义而定。

⑨The first part of the lecture was vivid but the remaining was very boring.

讲座的前半部分很生动，但后半部分非常枯燥。

c．分数、百分数指代或修饰名词时，谓语动词的数与其所修饰的名词的数保持一致。

⑩About one third of the books are worth reading.

这些书中大约有1/3值得一读。

[注意]　population由分数或百分数修饰时，谓语动词用复数。

Two­thirds of population have been killed in the accident.

在这次事故中2/3的人丧生。

(5)“a number of＋复数名词”表示“许多……”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

⑫A number of students are going for a picnic this weekend.

这个周末许多学生打算去野炊。

⑬The number of days in February this year is 28.

今年二月份的天数是二十八天。

(6)集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family, class, team, group, public, committee, government, audience等。

⑭The class consists of 25 boys and 20 girls.

这个班由25个男生和20个女生组成。

⑮The class are doing experiments.

全班学生都在做实验。

[名师点睛]　（1）people， cattle， police等集体名词作主语时，谓语动词必须用复数形式。

(2)单复数同形的名词，如：deer， sheep， fish， means， works， Chinese等作主语时，要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。

(7)表示时间、距离、重量、金额等复数名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。⑯Three thousand dollars is quite a lot of money for a boy.

对于一个男孩来说，3,000美元是一笔大数目。

(8)以s/ics结尾的学科名词，如physics, politics等及news作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

⑰Bad news travels quickly.  [谚语]坏事传千里。

   (9)成双成对的名词如：trousers,pants,jeans,glasses,shorts,chopsticks,slippers,scissors,shoes,gloves等被the，my等修饰作主语，谓语动词用复数。若此类名词前有a/the pair of修饰，则与pair保持一致。

  对比: Your glasses are on your nose.

       This pair of glasses is mine.

【典例剖析】

【2022 全国卷 I】Carle Pieters, a scientist at Brown University, says, “because it 67.________ (mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 68.________ (construct)．”

【答案】means; is constructed

【解析】67.考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“这真的使科学家们激动，”布朗大学的一位科学家Carle Pieters说：“因为它意味着我们有机会获得月球是如何构造的信息。”根据上文“This really excites scientists”可知，此处也使用一般现在时，主语是it，所以空处谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式means，故填means。

【解析】68.考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。分析句子可知，此处是宾语从句谓语动词，谓语construct与主语the moon之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态，再由上下文可知此处应使用一般现在时，主语the moon是单数，故填is constructed。

【牛刀小试】

单句填空

1.His suggestion ________ (have) been accepted.

2.To say you were ignorant of the rules ________ (be) no excuse.

3.The number of printing mistakes in some recent books often ________ (surprise) people even to death.

4.The cattle ________ (be) eating grass on the hill now.

5.Not every means ________ (be) useful.

6.The English ________ (be) proud of their sense of humor.

7.________ (be) either you or he fit for the job?

8.Not you but I ________ (be) responsible for this.

9.________ (be) not only the students but also their teacher required to attend the meeting?

10.Many a good man ________ (have) been destroyed by drink.

11.The writer and translator ________ (be) delivering a speech in our school now.

12.Tom, not the students, ________ (have) gone there.

13.Mary, along with her sisters, ________ (attend) the conference regularly.

14.Compasses ________ (be) usually used to draw circles.

15.That pair of compasses ________ (be) lost.

16.Ten years ________ (be) a moment in history.

17.A third of his composition ________ (have) been corrected.

18.A third of his compositions ________ (have) been corrected.

19.Some new forms of art ________  (be) being discussed at the meeting now.

20.He is one of the boys who ________ (have) helped me.

【答案】：1.has　 2.is 　3.surprises　 4.are　 5.is　 6.are　 7.Are　 8.am 　9.Are　 10.has　11.is　12.has　 13.attends 　14.are 　15.is　 16.is　 17.has 　18.have　 19.are 　20.have　

单项选择

1．Due to the country’s growing rate of urbanization, China’s migrant population ______ to be over 300 million by 2025.

A．predicts B．is predicted

C．will have been predicted D．will predict

2．The famous musician, as well as his students, ________ to perform at the opening ceremony.

A．were invited B．was invited C．have been invited D．has invited

3．Every teacher and every student _________ that Taiwan is an inseparable part of us.

A．believe B．had believed C．believes D．have believed

4．Mr. Smith, as well as his wife and children, ________ gone abroad.

A．has been B．has been done C．has D．have been done

5．The medical team _______ the injured at present in that hospital.

A．are treating B．is treating C．are treated D．is treated

6．Since May, more than one death from monkey pox infection ______ in this area, causing great concern of the local government.

A．has been reported B．have reported C．has reported D．have been reported

7．Up to now, more than one high-rise building ______ around our city, making it bigger.

A．have been built B．are being built C．has been built D．is being built

8．—Can you get me the novels?

—Of course. All but one of them ______ in our company the other day.

A．published B．was published

C．were published D．had been published

9．English was invented by people, not computers, and it________ the creativity of the human race.

A．is reflected B．had reflected C．reflects D．was reflected

10．There ________ some good advice about how to reduce air pollution on the Internet.

A．are B．is C．have D．has

11．We can learn from the educational program how to make positive choices when _________ with personal conflicts.

A．we face B．facing C．faced D．being faced

12．A total of 35 Chinese universities ________ among the world's 500 best in a ranking released by China's Shanghai Jiao Tong University on Monday.

A．ranked B．rank C．ranks D．ranking

13．On the wall________a noticeboard that says, “Please keep a two-meter distance from each other when you are lining up for the nucleic-acid test”.

A．hangs B．is hanged C．hanging D．is hung

14．Betty will ring me up when she ______ in Beijing.

A．arrive B．arrives C．arrived D．will arrive

15．Steam engines ________to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers,with all the smoke and noise.

A．are used B．used C．have been used D．were used

16．—I feel excited to talk with our teacher about sports!

—So do I. Not only we students but also our teacher ________ fond of watching basketball matches.

A．is B．had been C．have been D．were

17．It’s reported that many a shelter hospital ______ at present in Shanghai.

A．is being built B．was built C．are being built D．have been built

18．More than one robot ______ been tested out in the trial recently.

A．had B．have C．having D．has

19．As fossil fuels are unsustainable, alternative energy, such as sunlight, wind and water, _____ currently.

A．was employed B．is being employed

C．were employed D．are being employed

20．During the break, some students went to relax on the playground, but the rest ________ reviewing their lessons in the classroom.

A．are B．was C．were D．is

【参考答案】

1．B

【详解】考查时态语态。句意：由于中国城市化的速度不断加快，预计到2025年，中国的流动人口将超过3亿。句子陈述的是现在的预计，应用一般现在时；China’s migrant population与predict是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态；句子主语是population，谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故选B。

2．B

【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：这位著名的音乐家和他的学生被邀请在开幕式上表演。主语与谓语构成被动关系，描述过去发生的动作用一般过去时的被动语态，且主语后接介词短语as well as不影响主语的人称和数，谓语动词应根据主语的人称和数来确定，即应用单数。故选B。

3．C

【详解】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意：每一个老师和学生都相信台湾是我们不可分割的一部分。分析句子可知，在that引导的宾语从句中，从句谓语动词is为一般现在时，结合句意可知，主句也应为一般现在时。and连接的两个名词前有every修饰时，谓语动词用单数形式，所以此处谓语动词应为一般现在时单数形式。故选C项。

4．C

【详解】考查主谓一致和时态语态。句意：史密斯先生连同他的妻子和孩子都出国了。设空处在句中作谓语，此处表示“已经出国”，主谓之间为主动关系，时态应用现在完成时have/has done；其主语为Mr. Smith，单数形式，此处属于就远原则，故谓语也用单数，句中已有gone，故设空处填has即可。故选C项。

5．A

【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：医疗队目前正在那家医院治疗伤员。分析句子可知， 主语team是集合名词，在这里表队员，为复数，谓语复数形式，且主语team和谓语动词treat是主动关系，结合at present可知，表“正在治疗”，现在进行时。故选A项。

6．A

【详解】考查时态及语态。句意：自5月以来，该地区报告了一例以上的猴痘感染死亡，引起了当地政府的极大关注。根据时间状语Since May及句子结构可知，时态应用现在完成时，表示过去发生的事情对现在的影响。more than one death与report是动宾关系，故用被动语态，且主语more than one death是单数，助动词用has，故选A。

7．C

【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：到目前为止，我们城市周围已经建造了不止一座高层建筑，使其变得更大。根据时间状语up to now可知，句子使用现在完成时，build与主语building 之间是被动关系，应用现在完成时的被动语态，且“more than one+单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用单数形式，即has been built。故选C项。

8．C

【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：——你能给我拿小说吗？——当然。几天前，除了一本外，所有的书都在我们公司出版了。结合时间状语the other day可知，一般过去时，主语All和谓语动词publish是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态，主语All复数，谓语复数形式。故选C项。

9．C

【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：英语是人类发明的，而不是计算机，它反映了人类的创造力。主语it指代English，是单数，主动语态，讲述客观事实，谓语动词reflect用一般现在时的单数形式。故选C项。

10．B

【详解】考查主谓一致。句意：网上有一些关于如何减少空气污染的好建议。there be 句型的主谓一致符合就近原则，句中的advice为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数，同时描述的是现在的客观事实，故应该是用一般现在时。故选B。

11．C

【详解】考查时态，固定短语和省略。句意：我们可以从教育节目中学习如何在面对个人冲突时做出积极的选择。be faced with是固定短语，意为“面对”，根据语境可知，when引导的时间状语从句是when we are faced wth personal conflicts，时间状语从句中主语和主句主语一致，且从句中有be动词时可省略从句中的主语和be动词，因此空格处是faced，故选C。

12．B

【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：中国上海交通大学周一发布的排名中，共有35所中国大学跻身世界500强。分析句子结构可知，rank一词在句子中作为谓语动词使用，a total of（总共）修饰可数名词复数时，其谓语动词使用复数形式，并且这个排名结果描述的是“现阶段”的一般性事实，使用一般现在时。故选B。

13．A

【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：墙上挂着一个布告栏，上面写着：“核酸检测排队时，请大家保持2米距离。”本句是完全倒装结构，空处为主句谓语动词，结合语境和says可知，此处强调现在的状态，应用一般现在时的主动语态，主语a noticeboard为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故选A。

14．B

【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：贝蒂到达北京后会给我打电话。主句为一般将来时，when引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时态表将来。时间状语从句中的主语为she，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选B。

15．D

【详解】考查时态、语态。句意：蒸汽机是用来拉车厢的，有烟雾和噪音，对乘客来说一定是相当不舒服的。陈述过去的动作用一般过去时态；设空处为谓语动词，主语Steam engines 为复数，与动词use之间为动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态，且助动词为were。故选D项。

16．A

【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：——能和老师谈论体育，我感到很兴奋！——我也是。不仅我们学生喜欢看篮球比赛，我们老师也喜欢看。not only...but also...连接并列的主语时，其后的谓语动词的单复数根据就近原则来确定，也就是根据“our teacher”来定，“our teacher”是单数，排除C和D，根据语境可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，因此空格处用is，故选A。

17．A

【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：据报道，目前许多方舱医院在上海正被盖起来。many a +名词的单数形式作主语，谓语动词使用单数，故排除A、B项，又从时间状语 at present可得知与现在有关，表示现在正在进行的动作，用现在进行时，且主语shelter hospital与谓语build是被动关系，用被动语态，故选A。

18．D

【详解】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：最近，不止一个机器人在试验中进行了测试。“more than one +单数名词”用作主语时，其谓语通常用单数。根据句意“最近”可知，此题应用现在完成时。故选D项。

19．B

【详解】考查谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：由于化石燃料是不可持续的，目前正在使用替代能源，如阳光、风和水。根据句意和时间状语currently“目前”可知，此空要用现在进行时；句子主语为alternative energy，其后附件加成分“such as sunlight, wind and water”不影响主语的人称和数，energy是不可数名词，谓语用单数形式；主语与谓语动词employ之间是动宾关系，应用被动语态；综上，谓语动词employ用现在进行时的被动语态。故选B项。

20．C

【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：课间休息时，一些学生去操场上放松，但其余的人在教室复习功课。根据上文went可知为一般过去时，排除AD，且此处the rest指上文students，故谓语应用复数形式。故选C。

【真题实战】

  语法填空

1.   (2022高考全国卷II) This is why decorating with plans, fruits and flowers _____(carry) special significance.
2.   (2021·高考全国卷Ⅰ) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut ______ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements.
3.   (2021·高考全国卷Ⅰ)Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six ______ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
4.   (2021·高考全国卷II ) I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______(make) over the years.
5.   (2020·高考全国卷I ) Since 2011, the country      (grow) more corn than rice.
6.   (2020·高考全国卷III ) Sarah 　      (tell) that she could be Britain’s new supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year.

【答案】：1.carries   2.have reported    3.are    4.have made    5.has grown    6.has been told/was told　

  单句改错

1.(2021 高考全国乙卷 改错）And hopes this this can inspire more thinking on the topic!

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2.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ)For example, every morning, my dad has to have a bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.

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3.(2019·浙江高考)When every pupil in the school wears the uniform, nobody have to worry about fashion (时尚).

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4.(2018·全国卷Ⅲ)The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.

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5．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.

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【答案】：1.hopes改为hope    2..had→have    3.have→has/will have    4.include→includes    5.are→were