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2022-2023学年福建省三明第一中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题含解析
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这是一份2022-2023学年福建省三明第一中学高二上学期期中考试英语试题含解析，共30页。
三明一中2022—2023学年上学期期中考试
高二英语学科试卷
(考试时间：120分钟;满分：150分)
本试卷由四个部分组成，其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题，第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。
考生注意：
1.考生前，考生务必将个人信息填写在答题卡上。考生要认真核对答题卡上的信息。
2.选择题部分每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。非选择题答案请黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内规范作答，凡是答题不规范一律无效。
3.考生应遵守考试规定，做到“诚信考试，杜绝舞弊”。
第一部分 听力理解，(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When will the man pick up the woman?
A. Around 1:30 p.m. B. Around 2:00 p.m. C. Around 2:30 p.m.
2. How will the man help the woman get home?
A. By carrying her on his back. B. By calling a taxi for her. C. By lending his bike to her.
3 What will the woman do this afternoon?
A. Go hiking with the man. B. Offer her son some help. C. Take part in a competition.
4. What’s the relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Boss and employee. C. Doctor and patient.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A cartoon. B. A sports star. C. A musical.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What drink will the woman have?
A. Iced coffee. B. Cola. C. Orange juice.
7. How much will the woman pay?
A. $7. B. $9. C. $11.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What does William want to get out of his pocket?
A. His cellphone. B. A book. C. The car keys.
9. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A In a classroom. B. In a bookstore. C. In a library.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does Steve usually do on weekends?
A. Do a part-time job. B. Do homework. C. Take photos.
11. What is Steve’s major?
A. Accounting. B. International trade. C. Finance.
12. What does Steve probably decide to do?
A. Ask his uncle’s opinion. B. Accept the offer. C. Put his hobby first.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where was the leading actress born?
A. In America. B. In Mexico. C. In Cuba.
14. What is “Senorita”?
A. A song. B. A movie. C. A novel.
15. What does the man think the new movie is probably like?
A. Interesting. B. Boring. C. Unexpected.
16. What does Cinderella desire most in the new movie?
A. A good marriage. B. A successful career. C. A beautiful dress.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What do we know about the launch?
A. It happened in mid-September.
B. It was done in the daytime.
C. It involved a 90-meter-tall rocket.
18. How many days did the civilians travel around the Earth’s orbit (轨道)?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4.
19. Why did Jared organize the spaceflight?
A. To raise money. B. To do research. C. To impress others.
20. Who defeated a serious disease once as a kid?
A. Chris. B. Sian. C. Hayley.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Does it seem like hotel costs just go up and up? It’s true that they rise each year, sometimes significantly. When determining which hotel has the best deal, you don’t just want to look at the nightly rate anymore. There are so many other factors to consider to help you save money, both before you book and during your stay. Here are some tips to help you make the best decision.
Go out to eat
Though room service sounds really appealing, prices for food on the menu can be twice as much as you would pay for the same food at a restaurant. Tips are always included in the tab and usually masked as a delivery charge. Most guests don’t know this and add a tip to the bill when the waiter brings their food.
Ask for a corner room
Though this won’t technically save you any money, corner rooms are usually a bit larger than regular rooms, which give you a better deal for your money. Once you check in, ask if one of these rooms is available. This is easier if you show up close to check-in time, but before the flood of guests show up to get their keys. You can also call ahead and request a corner room with your existing reservation.
Bring your own snacks
Anything is better than the rates for items in the mini bar. The prices are horrible and don’t even think about trying to replace it with the same item later.
Avoid the weekend
Hotels in popular destinations regularly raise their rates on Fridays and Saturdays. In some cases, it can be as much as three times more than Sunday through Thursday nights.
1. What is the aim of this text?
A. How to choose a good hotel. B. How to save money.
C. How to increase the nightly rate. D. How to decrease the tips.
2. Which service cost you more?
A. Room service. B. Go out to eat. C. Ask for a corner room. D. Bring your own snacks.
3. When is a good choice to book a hotel?
A. Fridays. B. Saturdays. C. Sundays. D. Holidays.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。作者主要介绍了一些预定宾馆前以及入住期间如何节约金钱的建议。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“There are so many other factors to consider to help you save money, both before you book and during your stay.”（为了帮助你省钱，在你预定前和入住期间，有很多因素要考虑）可知，本文的主要目的是为了帮即将或已经入住酒店的读者省钱，故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Go out to eat小标题下“Though room service sounds really appealing, prices for food on the menu can be twice as much as you would pay for the same food at a restaurant.”（尽管房间服务听起来很吸引人，菜单上的食物价格会是你在一家餐馆里点的同样的食物的两倍）可知，房间服务费会让你花更多的钱，故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Avoid the weekend小标题下 “Hotels in popular destinations regularly raise their rates on Fridays and Saturdays. In some cases, it can be as much as three times more than Sunday through Thursday nights.”（热门地点的宾馆会在周五和周六定期提高他们的价格。在某些情况下，它可能是周日到周四晚上的三倍多）可知，周日是最好的选择。故选C项。
B
“With the passing of Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, China and the world have lost one greatest agricultural scientists,” Kenneth Quinn, president of the World Food Prize Foundation, said. Quinn, also vice chairman of the Yuan Longping International Rice Development Forum, shared his memory of the “father of hybrid rice” in an interview with Xinhua on Sunday.
Quinn first met Yuan in October 2004, when Yuan traveled to Des Moines in the U.S. state of Iowa to receive the World Food Prize. As they walked out of the airport , Quinn received a call and stepped aside to speak. When he turned back a minute or two later, he lost Yuan. “I had never before ‘lost’ a laureate(贵人),” he said. After a desperate search, he found Professor Yuan surrounded by a group of smiling graduate students from Iowa State University who so admired him that they wanted to take him off for a meal and conversation.
Quinn admired Yuan as a teacher. “He always had time to answer questions and speak with young scientists and students. The American high school students we sent to his research center each year always returned filled with knowledge and a deep desire to learn more.”
In Quinn’s eyes, Yuan was incredibly humble, never seeking fame, and focused only on hard work and results that could help lift people out of poverty. With a ‘down to earth’ attitude, Yuan greatly reduced hunger and provided farmers with surplus income through his discovery of hybrid rice.
Learning of Yuan’s passing away on Saturday, Quinn issued a statement to send his deepest sympathy to Yuan’s family and colleagues in China, as well as his admirers across the world. “Professor Yuan Longping, who was truly beloved in his country and by all of us who knew him, will be greatly missed. His legacy will provide inspiration to generations far into the future, in China and across the world,” Quinn said in the statement.
4. How did Kenneth Quinn feel when he found Yuan in a group of students?
A. Confused. B. Amazed. C. Annoyed. D. Frightened.
5. How did Yuan Longping deal with young people ?
A. He cared about the development of the youth.
B. He sent young students abroad for further study.
C. He was too busy to answer the students’ question.
D. He was generous to help young people out of trouble.
6. What does the words “down to earth” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Realistic . B. Stubborn C. Flexible D. Critical
7. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To introduce the “father of hybrid rice”.
B. To share the stories of Yuan Longping.
C. To remember Professor Yuan Longping
D. To inspire the young to become a pioneer.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述世界粮食奖基金会主席肯尼斯·奎恩对中国杂交水稻之父袁隆平院士的追忆和高度评价。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“After a desperate search, he found Professor Yuan surrounded by a group of smiling graduate students from Iowa State University who so admired him that they wanted to take him off for a meal and conversation.”(经过一番急切的搜寻，他发现袁教授身边围着一群微笑的艾奥瓦州立大学研究生，他们是如此崇拜他以至于想带他出去吃顿饭聊聊天。)可知，当肯尼斯·奎恩在一群学生中间找到袁隆平时，他是很震惊的。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“He always had time to answer questions and speak with young scientists and students. The American high school students we sent to his research center each year always returned filled with knowledge and a deep desire to learn more.”(他总是有时间回答问题，并与年轻的科学家和学生交谈。我们每年送到他的研究中心的美国高中生总是满怀知识和深切的学习欲望回来。)可知，袁隆平很在意年轻人的学习和发展。故选A。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据这句话“With a ‘down to earth’ attitude”可知，down to earth是袁隆平的一种态度。根据第四段上文“In Quinn’s eyes, Yuan was incredibly humble, never seeking fame, and focused only on hard work and results that could help lift people out of poverty.”(在奎恩看来，袁隆平非常谦虚，从不追求名利，只专注于努力工作和能帮助人们摆脱贫困的成果。)可知，袁隆平的态度是很务实的，和A选项意思一致。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“With the passing of Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, China and the world have lost one greatest agricultural scientists,”(随着中国科学家袁隆平的去世，中国和世界失去了一位最伟大的农业科学家。)和“shared his memory of the “father of hybrid rice” in an interview with Xinhua on Sunday.”(在周日接受新华社采访时分享了他对“杂交水稻之父”的记忆。)可知，本文是在追忆并纪念袁隆平院士。故选C。
C
As the coronavirus pandemic spread out, the demand for smell training therapy (疗法) stepped up, as potentially millions of those who had COVID-19 experienced losing their sense of smell.
Unlike some other viruses that can cause the loss of smell by directly infecting cells involved in detecting smell, the virus that causes COVID-19 spares them. Instead, the coronavirus infects surrounding support cells. To defend the body against the virus, immune cells rush to this site of infection and generate antiviral proteins, which then lead to the loss.
Approximately 80% of COVID-19 patients who had lost their sense of smell regained it without any treatment within one to four weeks. But as three months went by, patient Chris Rogers’ situation barely improved, so he started to seek out smell training therapy.
Twice a day for 10 weeks, Rogers sniffed four kinds of essential oils—rose, lemon, eucalyptus, and clove—to potentially strengthen the survival of newly formed smell-detecting cells or speed up their production and rebuild the connection between his nose and brain. To assess whether this smell therapy was effective, the doctor asked Rogers to distinguish between a number of additional smells before and after the smell training. Rogers did the therapy for 10 weeks and started noticing improvements at week six. At least five months since the smell training ended, the improvements can be more like 75%.
While scientists have recorded improvements in some individuals’ ability to smell, it has been difficult to show how much of that improvement comes from the therapy itself or natural recovery occurring over time, said Eric Holbrook, a doctor at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Hospital. “But I continue to recommend the therapy because such training could speed up the healing process. Also, it’s one of very few and often the only therapeutic options that’s available to millions of COVID-19 patients who haven’t been able to regain their sense of smell for months,” Eric Holbrook added.
Although the benefits of smell training can vary considerably among patients, depending on their starting point, “it is generally not considered harmful,” says Bradley Goldstein, a specialist studying at Duke University. “But we still need to find specific, more effective drug therapies. It’s really an unmet need.”
8. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The ways of restoring the sense of smell.
B. The significance of smell training therapy.
C. The main symptoms of coronavirus infection.
D. The reason for the loss of smell in COVID-19 patients.
9. Why did the doctor ask Rogers to identify additional smells before and after the treatment?
A. To estimate the effectiveness of smell training.
B. To improve the sensitivity of Rogers’ sense of smell.
C. To make Rogers remember the smell of common oil.
D. To rebuild the connection between Rogers’ nose and brain.
10. Which word best describes Eric Holbrook’s attitude to smell training therapy?
A. Favorable. B. Indifferent. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
11. What does Bradley Goldstein suggest?
A. Encouraging patients to recover naturally.
B. Developing better drug therapies for patients.
C Conducting the smell training on a large scale.
D. Providing long-term health guidance for patients.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新冠状病毒大流行的背景下，嗅觉训练疗法的需求不断增加的情况。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Unlike some other viruses that can cause the loss of smell by directly infecting cells involved in detecting smell, the virus that causes COVID-19 spares them. Instead, the coronavirus infects surrounding support cells.(与直接感染嗅觉细胞而导致嗅觉丧失的其他病毒不同，新冠病毒没有感染嗅觉细胞。相反，冠状病毒会感染周围的支持细胞)”可知，第二段的主要内容是介绍了COVID-19患者失去嗅觉的原因。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“To assess whether this smell therapy was effective, the doctor asked Rogers to distinguish between a number of additional smells before and after the smell training.(为了评估这种气味疗法是否有效，医生要求罗杰斯在气味训练前后区分一些额外的气味)”可知，医生要求罗杰斯在治疗前后识别额外的气味是为了评估这种气味疗法的效果。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“But I continue to recommend the therapy because such training could speed up the healing process. Also, it’s one of very few and often the only therapeutic options that’s available to millions of COVID-19 patients who haven’t been able to regain their sense of smell for months(但我仍然推荐这种疗法，因为这样的训练可以加快愈合过程。此外，对于数百万数月来无法恢复嗅觉的COVID-19患者来说，这是为数不多、往往也是唯一的治疗选择之一)”可知，埃里克·霍尔布鲁克对气味训练疗法的态度是赞成的。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But we still need to find specific, more effective drug therapies. It’s really an unmet need.(但我们仍然需要找到具体的，更有效的药物疗法。这确实是一个未被满足的需求)”可知，Bradley Goldstein的建议是为患者开发更好的药物疗法。故选B项。
D
Scientists from Imperial College London have found that using virtual reality(VR)headsets can reduce sensitivity to pain, by immersing(沉浸)people in icy Arctic scenery. In a study published in Pain Reports, a team from Imperial used VR video to reduce people’s sensitivity to ongoing pain and sharp shooting pain.
According to the researchers, the findings add to the growing evidence for the potential of VR technology to help patients with long-term pain. Beyond the distracting effect, they think VR may actually cause the body’s own inbuilt pain-fighting systems to start working.
Dr Sam Hughes, the first author on the paper, said "Our work suggests that VR may be getting involved in processes in the key parts of our inbuilt pain-fighting systems and are helpful in regulating the spread of increased sensitivity to pain.
To test their theory, researchers applied a cream containing capsaicin(辣椒素)-the chemical that makes your mouth bum-to 15 healthy volunteers. The capsaicin makes the skin more sensitive to painful stimuli(刺激)like a very small electric shock.
In the first trial, participants were then asked to rate the pain caused by the capsaicin cream on a scale of 0-100 (from 'no pain' to 'worst pain possible' )while either watching a VR scene of Arctic exploration through a headset, or looking at a still image of an Arctic scene on a monitor. Under the same conditions, they were also asked to say when a stimulus applied directly to the skin area is considered as painful.
The team found that ongoing pain was reduced following VR immersion, and that sensitivity to painful stimuli was also reduced. However, the same effect was not seen in people who looked at still images of the polar environment.
They explain that while the findings made at the beginning are encouraging, the study is limited by the small number of healthy participants, without long-term pain. However, the researchers believe VR could hold a bright future to treat patients with long-term pain who have poor inbuilt pain fighting systems.
12. How can VR possibly help long-term pain sufferers?
A. By making their pain-fighting systems function.
B. By drawing their attention to fighting pain.
C. By controlling the spread of pain sensitivity.
D. By slowing down their brains' reaction to pain.
13. Which step comes first in their theory testing?
A. Making a capsaicin cream.
B. Putting on virtual reality headsets.
C. Applying capsaicin cream to the skin.
D. Looking at pictures on a computer screen.
14. What conclusion can be drawn from the trial?
A. Still images helped to ease people's pain.
B. VR immersion was the key factor in pain reduction.
C. Healthy people were less sensitive to VR than pain sufferers.
D. Capsaicin cream brought people more pain than electronic stimulus.
15. What does the last paragraph imply?
A. The team feels confident about future VR treatment.
B. The researchers will work on the side effect of VR.
C. VR treatment can be applied in other medical fields.
D. The trial only has an effect on short-term pain patients.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。伦敦帝国理工学院的科学家发现，使用虚拟现实(VR)耳机可以让人沉浸在冰冷的北极景色中，从而降低对疼痛的敏感度。虽然目前的研究不够完善，但研究团队认为VR可以为治疗长期疼痛且内置止痛系统不佳的患者带来光明的前景。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“According to the researchers, the findings add to the growing evidence for the potential of VR technology to help patients with long-term pain. Beyond the distracting effect, they think VR may actually cause the body’s own inbuilt pain-fighting systems to start working.(研究人员表示，这一发现进一步证明了VR技术在帮助长期疼痛患者方面的潜力。除了这种分散注意力的效果，他们认为VR实际上可能会导致人体自身内置的止痛系统开始工作。)”可知VR可能会导致人体自身内置的止痛系统开始工作，由此可推知VR是通过让止痛系统发挥作用来帮助长期疼痛患者。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“To test their theory, researchers applied a cream containing capsaicin(辣椒素)-the chemical that makes your mouth bum-to 15 healthy volunteers. (为了验证他们的理论，研究人员对15名健康志愿者使用了一种含有辣椒素的乳霜——辣椒素是一种会让你的嘴巴变得不舒服的化学物质。)”可知在理论验证过程中的第一步是在皮肤上涂抹辣椒素霜。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The team found that ongoing pain was reduced following VR immersion, and that sensitivity to painful stimuli was also reduced. However, the same effect was not seen in people who looked at still images of the polar environment.(研究小组发现，沉浸VR后持续的疼痛减少了，对疼痛刺激的敏感性也降低了。然而，同样的效果在观看静止的极地环境图片的人身上没有看到。)”可知VR沉浸感比观看普通的静止环境图片减轻疼痛的效果更为明显，由此可推知VR沉浸感是减轻疼痛的关键因素。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“They explain that while the findings made at the beginning are encouraging, the study is limited by the small number of healthy participants, without long-term pain. However, the researchers believe VR could hold a bright future to treat patients with long-term pain who have poor inbuilt pain fighting systems.(他们解释说，尽管开始时的发现令人鼓舞，但该研究受到健康参与者的限制，且没有长期痛苦。 但是，研究人员认为，VR可以为治疗长期疼痛且内置止痛系统不佳的患者带来光明的前景。)”可知研究人员认为VR可以为治疗长期疼痛且内置止痛系统不佳的患者带来光明的前景，由此可知本段内容表明该团队对未来VR治疗充满信心。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Simple Tips to Increase Self-Confidence
Having confidence begins with having a mind full of confident thoughts. A mind is controlled by you, therefore believing only the things that will bring you things you desire. Almost anyone in the world can have confidence. ____16____. It is a matter of following these easy steps.
Set goals
It’s a great idea to keep a “Goals Book” and every time something enters your mind you’d like to achieve, list it in the book. Soon you’ll see a pattern among all your goals. ____17____, you begin to see simple changes in your life. There is no greater joy in life than to realize a goal.
____18____
People usually can’t tell you how you should live your life when it’s just an expression of their own shortcomings. Don’ allow the shortcomings of others to affect your life negatively. No one but you knows your interests and ambitions. Work in the direction of your true loves and ignore everything that enters your mind going against your own desires.
Challenge your beliefs
____19____. If they are not, cross them out. You may find it difficult to get rid of some of the deep-rooted beliefs, but with true desire you can abandon negative beliefs about yourself and you will realize enormous benefit in growing self-confidence and self-esteem.
Get started
Don’t expect changes right away and have patience in knowing that it takes time to be the person you wish to be. The wonderful thing about becoming a more self-confident person is that little benefits start taking shape almost immediately. ____20____ — as long as you continue to keep a positive outlook and display your confidence.
As you achieve confidence, and find little moments of confidence coming closer and closer, all the things you desire will come to you easier than you ever imagined.
A. Follow your heart
B. They keep coming one after the other
C. Believe in a power greater than yourself
D. When you make conclusions about your goals
E. If you maintain a confident position long enough
F. And, it is entirely easier than you may have once believed
G. Examine all of your beliefs and determine if they are in line with the life you desire
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文作者主要介绍了几个增强信心的建议。
【16题详解】
根据空格后句 “It is a matter of following these easy steps.(这就是一件跟随这些简单的步骤的事情)”可知，作者认为自信并不是一件很难的事情， F选项的 “And, it is entirely easier than you may have once believed.(并且，这比你曾认为的完全要容易得多)”与后句逻辑相承。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据空格后半个分句“you begin to see simple changes in your life.(你开始看到你生活中的一些简单的改变)”且无连词连接可知，前半个分句为从句，应该提到你做了某件事情， D选项的“When you make conclusions about your goals (当你为你的目标进行总结时)”刚好与后句在内容和形式上逻辑一致。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据本段最后两句“No one but you knows your interests and ambitions. Work in the direction of your true loves and ignore everything that enters your mind going against your own desires.(只有你知道你自己的兴趣和雄心所在。朝着你真正热爱的方向努力，忽略你脑海中出现的一切与你的愿望相违背的事物)”可知，本段主要谈论的是追随你的热爱，不要受到其他不相关的一切的干扰，A选项的“Follow your heart(跟随你自己的心)”可以很好地概括本段内容。故选A。
【19题详解】
根据空格后句“If they are not, cross them out(如果不是，就去掉它们)”可知，前句是在做一个检查和判断，那么G选项的“Examine all of your beliefs and determine if they are in line with the life you desire(检查你所有的信念，决定它们是否与你的渴望的生活相一致)”与后句在衔接上完全吻合，故选G。
【20题详解】
根据空格前句“The wonderful thing about becoming a more self-confident person is that little benefits start taking shape almost immediately.(成为一个更加自信的人的美妙之处在于，几乎立刻就能得到一些好处)”以及空格后句“as long as you continue to keep a positive outlook and display your confidence.(只要你继续保持积极并且展示你的自信)”可知，前面提到的应该是积极的变化，B选项的“They keep coming one after the other(它们会一个接一个到来)”符合此处语境；且they与little benefits在意义上相呼应。故选B。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to____21____on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I____22____myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was____23____at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of____24____, my worries had gone. Everyone was so friendly and like-minded that it was very____25____to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day____26____. We had to____27____everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a____28____way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to build a stairway out of rock. This____29____climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never seen.
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The_____30_____of knowing that my work will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were _____31_____in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to_____32_____. I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only_____33_____part of my tent.
Needless to say, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I_____34_____. I think I am much_____35_____for having taken part in the project.
21. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
22. A. imagined B. introduced C. engaged D. found
23. A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited
24. A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking
25. A. funny B. complex C. lucky D. easy
26. A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course
27. A. drop B. make C. carry D. buy
28. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick
29. A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant
30. A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention
31. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated
32. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing
33. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft
34. A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered
35. A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文，叙述了作者进行志愿者活动的经历和感受。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始在互联网上研究，发现了“志愿者美国。”A. calculate计算；B. negotiate协商；C. advertise广告；D. research研究。根据“on the Internet”及“discovered Volunteer USA”可知，作者在网上研究关于志愿者组织的信息。故选D项。
22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己坐上了飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机。A. imagined想象；B. introduced介绍；C. engaged参与；D. found发现。根据“Three months later I____2____myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona.”可知，在发现Volunteer USA之后三个月，作者就动身了，即，发现自己在飞往目的地的飞机上。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到要和一群陌生人一起生活三个月，我就很害怕。A. annoyed烦恼的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. excited激动的。根据“living with loads of new people for three months”可知，作者知道要和许多陌生人一起度过三个月时，内心很害怕。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在到达后不到十五分钟，我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving到达；B. sleeping睡觉；C. thinking思考；D. walking走路。根据“Everyone was so friendly and like-minded that it was very____5____to feel at home.”可知，到达后十五分钟，作者在与大家交流中发现与他们志趣相投，打消了顾虑。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都很友好，志趣相投，很容易就有了宾至如归的感觉。A. funny有趣的；B. complex复杂的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。根据“Everyone was so friendly and like-minded”可知，每个人都很友好，且志趣相投，很容易有了宾至如归的感觉。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗纳多国家森林进行我的第一个为期8天的项目。A. tour旅行；B. project项目；C. campaign运动；D. course课程。根据“We had to____7____everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.”可知，作者被派往科罗纳多国家森林进行第一个为期8天的项目。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不得不带上所有需要的东西，步行三英里去工作地点。A. drop掉落；B. make制作；C. carry携带；D. buy买。根据“everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked”可知，去工作地点要带上需要的东西。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这似乎不是一段很长的路，但在35摄氏度的高温下，再加上沉重的背包，我的腿像是着火了。A. nice美好的；B. safe安全的；C. long长的；D. quick快的。根据“three miles”可知，三英里的步行距离并不是很长。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着要在山狮居住的山坡上爬上爬下，尽管我应该说，它们只能被听到，从没有被看到。A. helped帮助；B. ended结束；C. allowed允许；D. meant意味着。根据前一句“My job was to build a stairway out of rock.”可知，This表明，本句是对前一句工作内容的解释和补充。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将在那片山上出现多年，我感到非常满足。A. satisfaction满足；B. ambition野心；C. expectation期待；D. intention意图。根据“Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being.”可知，作者知道自己建造的石梯会在山上存在很久，内心十分满足。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在最后一个晚上，我们遇上了雷雨。A. left离开；B. caught遭遇（暴风雨）；C. attacked攻击；D. separated分离。根据“a thunderstorm”可知，作者在最后一个晚上遭遇了雷雨。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：温度接近冰点。A. boiling沸腾的；B. average平均的；C. normal正常的；D. freezing极冷的。根据下文“trembling”可知，温度很低，作者很冷。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不得不在帐篷里唯一干燥的地方颤抖了整整一夜。A. tidy整洁的；B. dry干燥的；C. new新的；D. soft柔软的。根据“find a swimming pool in my tent”可知，作者的帐篷湿透了，只能待在唯一干燥的地方。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我知道，无论在生命中将要面对什么，我都在那里，我挺过来了。A. survived继续存活；B. resisted抵抗；C. escaped逃离；D. recovered恢复。根据“I was there”可知，无论面对什么， 作者都在那里并且存活下来了。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为参加了这个项目后，我变得更坚强了。A. smarter更聪明的；B. stronger更坚强的；C. happier更开心的；D. busier更忙碌的。根据“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I____14____.”可知，在志愿者经历后，作者更坚强了。故选B项。
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Aircraft designer Gu Songfen and nuclear expert Wang Dazhong ____36____ (award) the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, China's top science honor, on Wednesday.
They received the prize for their outstanding contributions to ____37____ (science) and technological innovation during the National Science and Technology Award Conference at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
Born in 1930, Gu is a respected aircraft designer, founder of aircraft aerodynamic design and an aviation strategy scientist. He established the country's aircraft aerodynamic design system, pioneered the independent development of fighter aircraft, and ____38____ (continue) to carry out aviation strategic research, ____39____ made a significant contribution to China's aviation science and technology.
Gu now serves as ____40____ senior consultant at the Aviation Industry Corporation of China and as honorary dean of the Chinese Aeronautical Establishment.
Born in 1935, Wang is a ____41____ (distinguish) scholar and strategic scientist in international nuclear energy. He has been committed ____42____ developing advanced nuclear energy systems with inherent safety ____43____ (feature). He has helped China make great leaps in the development of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology, ____44____ (lay) an important foundation for the country to step into the forefront _____45_____ ( global) in the field of advanced nuclear energy.
【答案】36. were awarded
37. scientific
38. continued
39. which 40. a
41. distinguished
42. to 43. features
44. laying 45. globally
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍飞机设计师顾诵芬和专家王大中的事迹。他们因此获得了国家杰出科学技术奖。
【36题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：飞机设计师顾颂芬和核专家王大中于星期三被授予了国家杰出科学技术奖这一国家科学领域最高荣誉称号。分析句子成分可知award在句中作谓语，根据on Wednesday可知时态为一般过去时，主语Gu Songfen and Wang Dazhong和谓语award为被动关系且为复数。故填were awarded。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在北京人民大会堂举办的国家科学技术颁奖大会中，他们因在科学技术创新领域作出的突出贡献而获此奖项。 science和technological是两个并列定语，修饰名词innovation，形容词修饰名词。故填scientific。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：他建立了我国飞机空气动力学设计体系，率先自主研制战斗机，并继续开展航空战略研究，为我国航空科技事业做出了重大贡献。根据上文He established可知为一般过去时。故填continued。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他建立了我国飞机空气动力学设计体系，率先自主研制战斗机，并继续开展航空战略研究，为我国航空科技事业做出了重大贡献。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词aviation strategic research，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：顾现为中国航空工业集团公司高级顾问，中国航空工业协会名誉会长。consultant为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且senior是发音以辅音音素开头的单词应用a。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：王大中出生于1935年，在国际核能源领域是一名杰出的学者和战略科学家。修饰名词scholar应用形容词distinguished，作定语。故填distinguished。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：他一直致力于开发具有固有安全特性的先进核能系统。结合句意表示“致力于”可知短语为be committed to。故填to。
【43题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他一直致力于开发具有固有安全特性的先进核能系统。feature为可数名词，前文没有冠词应用复数形式。故填features。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他帮助中国在高温气冷堆技术的发展上取得了巨大的飞跃，为中国在先进核能领域走在世界前列奠定了重要基础。分析句子成分可知lay在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填laying。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：他帮助中国在高温气冷堆技术的发展上取得了巨大的飞跃，为中国在先进核能领域走在世界前列奠定了重要基础。此处修饰动词应用副词globally。故填globally。
第四部分 写作(共三节，满分40分)
第一节 英汉互译(共5小题，每题1分，满分5分)
46. With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.(英译汉)
【答案】他们双手托着下巴，眼睛盯着窗外或天花板。
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子可知，句中含有with的复合结构，在句中作状语，意为“他们双手托着下巴”，occupy oneself意为“忙于（做某事）”，“staring out of the window”意为“盯着窗外”，or“或者”表示选择关系，“ceiling”意为“天花板”，故本句可译为：他们双手托着下巴，眼睛盯着窗外或天花板。
47. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. (英译汉)
【答案】据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句使用it作形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语，today译为“现在”，it is estimated that表示“据估算”，that从句中主语about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China译为“中国国内消费的稻米的大约60%”，be comprised of表示“由……组成”，后接介词of的宾语crops“作物”，generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains译为“源于袁隆平的杂交水稻品种”，作后置定语修饰名词crops。故翻译为：据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。
48. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.（英译汉）
【答案】该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和状语从句。It seemed that…为固定句型，意为“似乎”；the woman意为“该妇女”；liked意为“喜欢”；the water from the pump意为“从水泵抽上来的水”；so…that…为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”；much意为“非常”；she had it delivered to her house every day.意为“每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来”，have sth. done为固定用法，delivered为过去分词作宾语补足语。故翻译成：该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
49. 他发现学术机构纷纷对他关上了大门。(find+宾语+宾补) (汉译英)
【答案】He found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、形容词、名词、过去分词。表示“他发现某事物如何”用find+宾语+宾补类型的固定句型；表示“学术机构的大门”用the doors of academic institutions，作find的宾语；表示“发现学术机构纷纷对他关上了大门”用find the doors of academic institutions closed to him，因“doors”与“close”之间是被动关系，故用close的过去分词形式作宾语补足语；句首单词首字母用大写；事情已发生，故用一般过去时。故翻译为He found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.
50. 无法分辨是早晨还是晚上。(动词-ing作主语)(汉译英)
【答案】Telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词作主语。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，“分辨”可使用动词tell，“是早晨还是晚上”使用whether引导从句，作tell的宾语，即whether it is morning or night，使用动名词短语telling whether it is morning or night作句子主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，be动词使用is，“不可能的”译为impossible，作句子表语。故翻译为Telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.
第二节 应用文写作(满分15分)
51. 假定你是李华，是校志愿者项目Sunshine Action的负责人。你校来自英国的交换生Jack发来邮件表示对该项目很感兴趣，请给他回一封邮件作个简单介绍，内容包括：
1.项目目的；
2.活动内容；
3.报名方式。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Jack,
Glad to learn you’re interested in our Sunshine Action project, I’m writing to introduce some information about it.
The original intention of the project is to involve more people in our voluntary activities and spread warm love like sunshine. Once admitted, you’ll have the opportunities to experience various activities, including charity sales, visiting nursing homes, doing cleaning for the community and some environmental protection activities, which are usually carried out on weekends and holidays.
If you want to join us, please sign up on the school website or send your application form to our office in Room 101. Looking forward to your participation!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给来自英国的交换生jack写一封关于校志愿者项目Sunshine Action的回信，对项目做简单介绍。
【详解】1.词汇积累
①机会：opportunities → chances
②举办、实施：carried out → held
③目的：intention → purpose
④不同的：various→ different kinds of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Glad to learn you’re interested in our Sunshine Action project I’m writing to introduce some information about it.
拓展句：Because I know you’re interested in our Sunshine Action project, I’m writing to introduce some information about it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Once admitted, you’ll have the opportunities to experience various activities, including charity sales, visiting nursing homes, doing cleaning for the community and some environmental protection activities, which are usually carried out on weekends and holidays. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】If you want to join us, please sign up on the school website or send your application form to our office in Room 101.（运用了if引导条件状语从句）
第三节 读后续写(满分20分)
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I grew up in a small town where elementary school was a ten-minute walk from my house and in an age, not so long ago, when we children could go home for lunch and find our mothers waiting. At the time, I didn’t consider this to be so important, although today it certainly would be. Actually, our lunch time together in the past years had had a great influence on my life before I realized it.
Our lunch time when I was in the third grade will stay with me always. I had been picked to be the princess in the school play, and for weeks my mother had painstakingly practised my lines with me. But no matter how easily I delivered them at home, as soon as I stepped onstage, every word disappeared from my head. Finally, my teacher took me aside. She explained patiently that she needed a narrator and had written a narrator’s part to the play, and asked me to switch roles. Her words, kindly delivered, still hurt me, especially when I saw my part go to another girl.
I didn’t tell my mother what had happened when I went home for lunch that day. But she sensed my unease, and instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to walk in the yard. It was a lovely spring day and the rose vine (藤) was turning green. Under the huge trees, we could see yellow dandelions (蒲公英) appearing unexpectedly through the grass in bunches, as if a painter had touched our landscape with small amounts of gold. I watched my mother casually bend down by one of the bushes. “I think I’m going to dig up all these weeds,” she said, pulling a blossom up by all its roots. “From now on, we’ll have roses in this garden.” I immediately protested, “But I like dandelions. All flowers are beautiful—even dandelions.”
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
“Do you mean that every flower has its own beauty?” asked my mother thoughtfully.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” Mom said.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
“Do you mean that every flower has its own beauty?” asked my mother thoughtfully. I nodded without hesitation, as if a second wasted could deprive the dandelions of their life. “The same to you,” she added, her voice soft. “Not everyone can be a rose, and it is also an honour to be a dandelion.” Knowing that my mother had realized my pain, I took off the mask that I had worn for the whole lunch time and poured out my unease heartily. “I want to be the beautiful princess but now I was chosen as a narrator.” She listened to me patiently and patted me on the back tenderly.
Paragraph 2:
“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” Mom said. She reminded me of how fluently I could deliver my part at home. It was at that time that I understood that maybe I was more suitable for a role back stage like a narrator. From then on, I practiced my lines heart and soul with my mother at lunch time for weeks. And the performance approached ultimately. Standing backstage, nervousness came flooding in me. What encouraged me to overcome it was the inspiration from the beautiful yellow dandelions. The performance that night was eventually a big success. Hearing the thunderous applause, I took pride in my role and firmly believed that even a dandelion had its own beauty.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在小学三年级的时候被选中为校园剧里的公主，但上台的时候因为忘记台词，因此角色被换成了旁白，作者内心受伤。后来作者的母亲察觉到了作者的不安，于是建议让她去院子里拔除院子里的野草改种玫瑰，但是作者反对这么做。因为作者认为蒲公英同样美丽。因此作者也明白了其中的道理，野草和玫瑰各有各的美丽，无论哪一个角色，都会有自己的重要性。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“你是说每朵花都有自己的美吗？我母亲若有所思地问道。”可知，第一段可描写作者的母亲听了作者的诉苦，并且温柔地安慰了作者。
②由第二段首句内容“但你会成为一个美丽的旁白者，妈妈说。”可知，第二段可描写作者受到了母亲的鼓励之后，这给了作者自信，因此作者认真练习旁白。并且最终表演成功。
2.续写线索：回家吃午饭对我的影响——被选中为校园剧的公主——角色被换成旁白——内心受伤——母亲察觉并安慰和鼓励——表演成功——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.察觉我的痛苦：realize my pain/understand my disappointment
②.克服困难：overcome the difficulty/settle out the difficulty
③.自豪：take pride in/be proud of
情绪类
①.耐心地倾听：listen to sb patiently/ listen to sb with great patience
②.紧张：nervousness came flooding in /a sense of nervousness welled up
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Knowing that my mother had realized my pain, I took off the mask that I had worn for the whole lunch time and poured out my unease heartily. （句中使用现在分词作原因状语）
[高分句型2]. What encouraged me to overcome it was the inspiration from the beautiful yellow dandelions. （由what引导的主语从句）
听力答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C
11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.C
三明一中2022—2023学年上学期期中考试
高二英语学科试卷
(考试时间：120分钟;满分：150分)
本试卷由四个部分组成，其中第一、二部分和第三部分的第一节为选择题，第三部分的第二节和第四部分为非选择题。
考生注意：
1.考生前，考生务必将个人信息填写在答题卡上。考生要认真核对答题卡上的信息。
2.选择题部分每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。非选择题答案请黑色墨水签字笔在答题卡上各题的答题区域内规范作答，凡是答题不规范一律无效。
3.考生应遵守考试规定，做到“诚信考试，杜绝舞弊”。
第一部分 听力理解，(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. When will the man pick up the woman?
A. Around 1:30 p.m. B. Around 2:00 p.m. C. Around 2:30 p.m.
2. How will the man help the woman get home?
A. By carrying her on his back. B. By calling a taxi for her. C. By lending his bike to her.
3 What will the woman do this afternoon?
A. Go hiking with the man. B. Offer her son some help. C. Take part in a competition.
4. What’s the relationship between the speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Boss and employee. C. Doctor and patient.
5. What are the speakers mainly talking about?
A. A cartoon. B. A sports star. C. A musical.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. What drink will the woman have?
A. Iced coffee. B. Cola. C. Orange juice.
7. How much will the woman pay?
A. $7. B. $9. C. $11.
听第7段材料，回答第8至9题。
8. What does William want to get out of his pocket?
A. His cellphone. B. A book. C. The car keys.
9. Where does the conversation probably take place?
A In a classroom. B. In a bookstore. C. In a library.
听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。
10. What does Steve usually do on weekends?
A. Do a part-time job. B. Do homework. C. Take photos.
11. What is Steve’s major?
A. Accounting. B. International trade. C. Finance.
12. What does Steve probably decide to do?
A. Ask his uncle’s opinion. B. Accept the offer. C. Put his hobby first.
听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。
13. Where was the leading actress born?
A. In America. B. In Mexico. C. In Cuba.
14. What is “Senorita”?
A. A song. B. A movie. C. A novel.
15. What does the man think the new movie is probably like?
A. Interesting. B. Boring. C. Unexpected.
16. What does Cinderella desire most in the new movie?
A. A good marriage. B. A successful career. C. A beautiful dress.
听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。
17. What do we know about the launch?
A. It happened in mid-September.
B. It was done in the daytime.
C. It involved a 90-meter-tall rocket.
18. How many days did the civilians travel around the Earth’s orbit (轨道)?
A. 2. B. 3. C. 4.
19. Why did Jared organize the spaceflight?
A. To raise money. B. To do research. C. To impress others.
20. Who defeated a serious disease once as a kid?
A. Chris. B. Sian. C. Hayley.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Does it seem like hotel costs just go up and up? It’s true that they rise each year, sometimes significantly. When determining which hotel has the best deal, you don’t just want to look at the nightly rate anymore. There are so many other factors to consider to help you save money, both before you book and during your stay. Here are some tips to help you make the best decision.
Go out to eat
Though room service sounds really appealing, prices for food on the menu can be twice as much as you would pay for the same food at a restaurant. Tips are always included in the tab and usually masked as a delivery charge. Most guests don’t know this and add a tip to the bill when the waiter brings their food.
Ask for a corner room
Though this won’t technically save you any money, corner rooms are usually a bit larger than regular rooms, which give you a better deal for your money. Once you check in, ask if one of these rooms is available. This is easier if you show up close to check-in time, but before the flood of guests show up to get their keys. You can also call ahead and request a corner room with your existing reservation.
Bring your own snacks
Anything is better than the rates for items in the mini bar. The prices are horrible and don’t even think about trying to replace it with the same item later.
Avoid the weekend
Hotels in popular destinations regularly raise their rates on Fridays and Saturdays. In some cases, it can be as much as three times more than Sunday through Thursday nights.
1. What is the aim of this text?
A. How to choose a good hotel. B. How to save money.
C. How to increase the nightly rate. D. How to decrease the tips.
2. Which service cost you more?
A. Room service. B. Go out to eat. C. Ask for a corner room. D. Bring your own snacks.
3. When is a good choice to book a hotel?
A. Fridays. B. Saturdays. C. Sundays. D. Holidays.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇应用文。作者主要介绍了一些预定宾馆前以及入住期间如何节约金钱的建议。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段“There are so many other factors to consider to help you save money, both before you book and during your stay.”（为了帮助你省钱，在你预定前和入住期间，有很多因素要考虑）可知，本文的主要目的是为了帮即将或已经入住酒店的读者省钱，故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Go out to eat小标题下“Though room service sounds really appealing, prices for food on the menu can be twice as much as you would pay for the same food at a restaurant.”（尽管房间服务听起来很吸引人，菜单上的食物价格会是你在一家餐馆里点的同样的食物的两倍）可知，房间服务费会让你花更多的钱，故选A项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据Avoid the weekend小标题下 “Hotels in popular destinations regularly raise their rates on Fridays and Saturdays. In some cases, it can be as much as three times more than Sunday through Thursday nights.”（热门地点的宾馆会在周五和周六定期提高他们的价格。在某些情况下，它可能是周日到周四晚上的三倍多）可知，周日是最好的选择。故选C项。
B
“With the passing of Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, China and the world have lost one greatest agricultural scientists,” Kenneth Quinn, president of the World Food Prize Foundation, said. Quinn, also vice chairman of the Yuan Longping International Rice Development Forum, shared his memory of the “father of hybrid rice” in an interview with Xinhua on Sunday.
Quinn first met Yuan in October 2004, when Yuan traveled to Des Moines in the U.S. state of Iowa to receive the World Food Prize. As they walked out of the airport , Quinn received a call and stepped aside to speak. When he turned back a minute or two later, he lost Yuan. “I had never before ‘lost’ a laureate(贵人),” he said. After a desperate search, he found Professor Yuan surrounded by a group of smiling graduate students from Iowa State University who so admired him that they wanted to take him off for a meal and conversation.
Quinn admired Yuan as a teacher. “He always had time to answer questions and speak with young scientists and students. The American high school students we sent to his research center each year always returned filled with knowledge and a deep desire to learn more.”
In Quinn’s eyes, Yuan was incredibly humble, never seeking fame, and focused only on hard work and results that could help lift people out of poverty. With a ‘down to earth’ attitude, Yuan greatly reduced hunger and provided farmers with surplus income through his discovery of hybrid rice.
Learning of Yuan’s passing away on Saturday, Quinn issued a statement to send his deepest sympathy to Yuan’s family and colleagues in China, as well as his admirers across the world. “Professor Yuan Longping, who was truly beloved in his country and by all of us who knew him, will be greatly missed. His legacy will provide inspiration to generations far into the future, in China and across the world,” Quinn said in the statement.
4. How did Kenneth Quinn feel when he found Yuan in a group of students?
A. Confused. B. Amazed. C. Annoyed. D. Frightened.
5. How did Yuan Longping deal with young people ?
A. He cared about the development of the youth.
B. He sent young students abroad for further study.
C. He was too busy to answer the students’ question.
D. He was generous to help young people out of trouble.
6. What does the words “down to earth” mean in paragraph 4?
A. Realistic . B. Stubborn C. Flexible D. Critical
7. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To introduce the “father of hybrid rice”.
B. To share the stories of Yuan Longping.
C. To remember Professor Yuan Longping
D. To inspire the young to become a pioneer.
【答案】4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要讲述世界粮食奖基金会主席肯尼斯·奎恩对中国杂交水稻之父袁隆平院士的追忆和高度评价。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“After a desperate search, he found Professor Yuan surrounded by a group of smiling graduate students from Iowa State University who so admired him that they wanted to take him off for a meal and conversation.”(经过一番急切的搜寻，他发现袁教授身边围着一群微笑的艾奥瓦州立大学研究生，他们是如此崇拜他以至于想带他出去吃顿饭聊聊天。)可知，当肯尼斯·奎恩在一群学生中间找到袁隆平时，他是很震惊的。故选B。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“He always had time to answer questions and speak with young scientists and students. The American high school students we sent to his research center each year always returned filled with knowledge and a deep desire to learn more.”(他总是有时间回答问题，并与年轻的科学家和学生交谈。我们每年送到他的研究中心的美国高中生总是满怀知识和深切的学习欲望回来。)可知，袁隆平很在意年轻人的学习和发展。故选A。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据这句话“With a ‘down to earth’ attitude”可知，down to earth是袁隆平的一种态度。根据第四段上文“In Quinn’s eyes, Yuan was incredibly humble, never seeking fame, and focused only on hard work and results that could help lift people out of poverty.”(在奎恩看来，袁隆平非常谦虚，从不追求名利，只专注于努力工作和能帮助人们摆脱贫困的成果。)可知，袁隆平的态度是很务实的，和A选项意思一致。故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“With the passing of Chinese scientist Yuan Longping, China and the world have lost one greatest agricultural scientists,”(随着中国科学家袁隆平的去世，中国和世界失去了一位最伟大的农业科学家。)和“shared his memory of the “father of hybrid rice” in an interview with Xinhua on Sunday.”(在周日接受新华社采访时分享了他对“杂交水稻之父”的记忆。)可知，本文是在追忆并纪念袁隆平院士。故选C。
C
As the coronavirus pandemic spread out, the demand for smell training therapy (疗法) stepped up, as potentially millions of those who had COVID-19 experienced losing their sense of smell.
Unlike some other viruses that can cause the loss of smell by directly infecting cells involved in detecting smell, the virus that causes COVID-19 spares them. Instead, the coronavirus infects surrounding support cells. To defend the body against the virus, immune cells rush to this site of infection and generate antiviral proteins, which then lead to the loss.
Approximately 80% of COVID-19 patients who had lost their sense of smell regained it without any treatment within one to four weeks. But as three months went by, patient Chris Rogers’ situation barely improved, so he started to seek out smell training therapy.
Twice a day for 10 weeks, Rogers sniffed four kinds of essential oils—rose, lemon, eucalyptus, and clove—to potentially strengthen the survival of newly formed smell-detecting cells or speed up their production and rebuild the connection between his nose and brain. To assess whether this smell therapy was effective, the doctor asked Rogers to distinguish between a number of additional smells before and after the smell training. Rogers did the therapy for 10 weeks and started noticing improvements at week six. At least five months since the smell training ended, the improvements can be more like 75%.
While scientists have recorded improvements in some individuals’ ability to smell, it has been difficult to show how much of that improvement comes from the therapy itself or natural recovery occurring over time, said Eric Holbrook, a doctor at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Hospital. “But I continue to recommend the therapy because such training could speed up the healing process. Also, it’s one of very few and often the only therapeutic options that’s available to millions of COVID-19 patients who haven’t been able to regain their sense of smell for months,” Eric Holbrook added.
Although the benefits of smell training can vary considerably among patients, depending on their starting point, “it is generally not considered harmful,” says Bradley Goldstein, a specialist studying at Duke University. “But we still need to find specific, more effective drug therapies. It’s really an unmet need.”
8. What is the second paragraph mainly about?
A. The ways of restoring the sense of smell.
B. The significance of smell training therapy.
C. The main symptoms of coronavirus infection.
D. The reason for the loss of smell in COVID-19 patients.
9. Why did the doctor ask Rogers to identify additional smells before and after the treatment?
A. To estimate the effectiveness of smell training.
B. To improve the sensitivity of Rogers’ sense of smell.
C. To make Rogers remember the smell of common oil.
D. To rebuild the connection between Rogers’ nose and brain.
10. Which word best describes Eric Holbrook’s attitude to smell training therapy?
A. Favorable. B. Indifferent. C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.
11. What does Bradley Goldstein suggest?
A. Encouraging patients to recover naturally.
B. Developing better drug therapies for patients.
C Conducting the smell training on a large scale.
D. Providing long-term health guidance for patients.
【答案】8. D 9. A 10. A 11. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了新冠状病毒大流行的背景下，嗅觉训练疗法的需求不断增加的情况。
【8题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段“Unlike some other viruses that can cause the loss of smell by directly infecting cells involved in detecting smell, the virus that causes COVID-19 spares them. Instead, the coronavirus infects surrounding support cells.(与直接感染嗅觉细胞而导致嗅觉丧失的其他病毒不同，新冠病毒没有感染嗅觉细胞。相反，冠状病毒会感染周围的支持细胞)”可知，第二段的主要内容是介绍了COVID-19患者失去嗅觉的原因。故选D项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段“To assess whether this smell therapy was effective, the doctor asked Rogers to distinguish between a number of additional smells before and after the smell training.(为了评估这种气味疗法是否有效，医生要求罗杰斯在气味训练前后区分一些额外的气味)”可知，医生要求罗杰斯在治疗前后识别额外的气味是为了评估这种气味疗法的效果。故选A项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“But I continue to recommend the therapy because such training could speed up the healing process. Also, it’s one of very few and often the only therapeutic options that’s available to millions of COVID-19 patients who haven’t been able to regain their sense of smell for months(但我仍然推荐这种疗法，因为这样的训练可以加快愈合过程。此外，对于数百万数月来无法恢复嗅觉的COVID-19患者来说，这是为数不多、往往也是唯一的治疗选择之一)”可知，埃里克·霍尔布鲁克对气味训练疗法的态度是赞成的。故选A项。
【11题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“But we still need to find specific, more effective drug therapies. It’s really an unmet need.(但我们仍然需要找到具体的，更有效的药物疗法。这确实是一个未被满足的需求)”可知，Bradley Goldstein的建议是为患者开发更好的药物疗法。故选B项。
D
Scientists from Imperial College London have found that using virtual reality(VR)headsets can reduce sensitivity to pain, by immersing(沉浸)people in icy Arctic scenery. In a study published in Pain Reports, a team from Imperial used VR video to reduce people’s sensitivity to ongoing pain and sharp shooting pain.
According to the researchers, the findings add to the growing evidence for the potential of VR technology to help patients with long-term pain. Beyond the distracting effect, they think VR may actually cause the body’s own inbuilt pain-fighting systems to start working.
Dr Sam Hughes, the first author on the paper, said "Our work suggests that VR may be getting involved in processes in the key parts of our inbuilt pain-fighting systems and are helpful in regulating the spread of increased sensitivity to pain.
To test their theory, researchers applied a cream containing capsaicin(辣椒素)-the chemical that makes your mouth bum-to 15 healthy volunteers. The capsaicin makes the skin more sensitive to painful stimuli(刺激)like a very small electric shock.
In the first trial, participants were then asked to rate the pain caused by the capsaicin cream on a scale of 0-100 (from 'no pain' to 'worst pain possible' )while either watching a VR scene of Arctic exploration through a headset, or looking at a still image of an Arctic scene on a monitor. Under the same conditions, they were also asked to say when a stimulus applied directly to the skin area is considered as painful.
The team found that ongoing pain was reduced following VR immersion, and that sensitivity to painful stimuli was also reduced. However, the same effect was not seen in people who looked at still images of the polar environment.
They explain that while the findings made at the beginning are encouraging, the study is limited by the small number of healthy participants, without long-term pain. However, the researchers believe VR could hold a bright future to treat patients with long-term pain who have poor inbuilt pain fighting systems.
12. How can VR possibly help long-term pain sufferers?
A. By making their pain-fighting systems function.
B. By drawing their attention to fighting pain.
C. By controlling the spread of pain sensitivity.
D. By slowing down their brains' reaction to pain.
13. Which step comes first in their theory testing?
A. Making a capsaicin cream.
B. Putting on virtual reality headsets.
C. Applying capsaicin cream to the skin.
D. Looking at pictures on a computer screen.
14. What conclusion can be drawn from the trial?
A. Still images helped to ease people's pain.
B. VR immersion was the key factor in pain reduction.
C. Healthy people were less sensitive to VR than pain sufferers.
D. Capsaicin cream brought people more pain than electronic stimulus.
15. What does the last paragraph imply?
A. The team feels confident about future VR treatment.
B. The researchers will work on the side effect of VR.
C. VR treatment can be applied in other medical fields.
D. The trial only has an effect on short-term pain patients.
【答案】12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。伦敦帝国理工学院的科学家发现，使用虚拟现实(VR)耳机可以让人沉浸在冰冷的北极景色中，从而降低对疼痛的敏感度。虽然目前的研究不够完善，但研究团队认为VR可以为治疗长期疼痛且内置止痛系统不佳的患者带来光明的前景。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“According to the researchers, the findings add to the growing evidence for the potential of VR technology to help patients with long-term pain. Beyond the distracting effect, they think VR may actually cause the body’s own inbuilt pain-fighting systems to start working.(研究人员表示，这一发现进一步证明了VR技术在帮助长期疼痛患者方面的潜力。除了这种分散注意力的效果，他们认为VR实际上可能会导致人体自身内置的止痛系统开始工作。)”可知VR可能会导致人体自身内置的止痛系统开始工作，由此可推知VR是通过让止痛系统发挥作用来帮助长期疼痛患者。故选A项。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第四段“To test their theory, researchers applied a cream containing capsaicin(辣椒素)-the chemical that makes your mouth bum-to 15 healthy volunteers. (为了验证他们的理论，研究人员对15名健康志愿者使用了一种含有辣椒素的乳霜——辣椒素是一种会让你的嘴巴变得不舒服的化学物质。)”可知在理论验证过程中的第一步是在皮肤上涂抹辣椒素霜。故选C项。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The team found that ongoing pain was reduced following VR immersion, and that sensitivity to painful stimuli was also reduced. However, the same effect was not seen in people who looked at still images of the polar environment.(研究小组发现，沉浸VR后持续的疼痛减少了，对疼痛刺激的敏感性也降低了。然而，同样的效果在观看静止的极地环境图片的人身上没有看到。)”可知VR沉浸感比观看普通的静止环境图片减轻疼痛的效果更为明显，由此可推知VR沉浸感是减轻疼痛的关键因素。故选B项。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“They explain that while the findings made at the beginning are encouraging, the study is limited by the small number of healthy participants, without long-term pain. However, the researchers believe VR could hold a bright future to treat patients with long-term pain who have poor inbuilt pain fighting systems.(他们解释说，尽管开始时的发现令人鼓舞，但该研究受到健康参与者的限制，且没有长期痛苦。 但是，研究人员认为，VR可以为治疗长期疼痛且内置止痛系统不佳的患者带来光明的前景。)”可知研究人员认为VR可以为治疗长期疼痛且内置止痛系统不佳的患者带来光明的前景，由此可知本段内容表明该团队对未来VR治疗充满信心。故选A项。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Simple Tips to Increase Self-Confidence
Having confidence begins with having a mind full of confident thoughts. A mind is controlled by you, therefore believing only the things that will bring you things you desire. Almost anyone in the world can have confidence. ____16____. It is a matter of following these easy steps.
Set goals
It’s a great idea to keep a “Goals Book” and every time something enters your mind you’d like to achieve, list it in the book. Soon you’ll see a pattern among all your goals. ____17____, you begin to see simple changes in your life. There is no greater joy in life than to realize a goal.
____18____
People usually can’t tell you how you should live your life when it’s just an expression of their own shortcomings. Don’ allow the shortcomings of others to affect your life negatively. No one but you knows your interests and ambitions. Work in the direction of your true loves and ignore everything that enters your mind going against your own desires.
Challenge your beliefs
____19____. If they are not, cross them out. You may find it difficult to get rid of some of the deep-rooted beliefs, but with true desire you can abandon negative beliefs about yourself and you will realize enormous benefit in growing self-confidence and self-esteem.
Get started
Don’t expect changes right away and have patience in knowing that it takes time to be the person you wish to be. The wonderful thing about becoming a more self-confident person is that little benefits start taking shape almost immediately. ____20____ — as long as you continue to keep a positive outlook and display your confidence.
As you achieve confidence, and find little moments of confidence coming closer and closer, all the things you desire will come to you easier than you ever imagined.
A. Follow your heart
B. They keep coming one after the other
C. Believe in a power greater than yourself
D. When you make conclusions about your goals
E. If you maintain a confident position long enough
F. And, it is entirely easier than you may have once believed
G. Examine all of your beliefs and determine if they are in line with the life you desire
【答案】16. F 17. D 18. A 19. G 20. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。本文作者主要介绍了几个增强信心的建议。
【16题详解】
根据空格后句 “It is a matter of following these easy steps.(这就是一件跟随这些简单的步骤的事情)”可知，作者认为自信并不是一件很难的事情， F选项的 “And, it is entirely easier than you may have once believed.(并且，这比你曾认为的完全要容易得多)”与后句逻辑相承。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据空格后半个分句“you begin to see simple changes in your life.(你开始看到你生活中的一些简单的改变)”且无连词连接可知，前半个分句为从句，应该提到你做了某件事情， D选项的“When you make conclusions about your goals (当你为你的目标进行总结时)”刚好与后句在内容和形式上逻辑一致。故选D。
【18题详解】
根据本段最后两句“No one but you knows your interests and ambitions. Work in the direction of your true loves and ignore everything that enters your mind going against your own desires.(只有你知道你自己的兴趣和雄心所在。朝着你真正热爱的方向努力，忽略你脑海中出现的一切与你的愿望相违背的事物)”可知，本段主要谈论的是追随你的热爱，不要受到其他不相关的一切的干扰，A选项的“Follow your heart(跟随你自己的心)”可以很好地概括本段内容。故选A。
【19题详解】
根据空格后句“If they are not, cross them out(如果不是，就去掉它们)”可知，前句是在做一个检查和判断，那么G选项的“Examine all of your beliefs and determine if they are in line with the life you desire(检查你所有的信念，决定它们是否与你的渴望的生活相一致)”与后句在衔接上完全吻合，故选G。
【20题详解】
根据空格前句“The wonderful thing about becoming a more self-confident person is that little benefits start taking shape almost immediately.(成为一个更加自信的人的美妙之处在于，几乎立刻就能得到一些好处)”以及空格后句“as long as you continue to keep a positive outlook and display your confidence.(只要你继续保持积极并且展示你的自信)”可知，前面提到的应该是积极的变化，B选项的“They keep coming one after the other(它们会一个接一个到来)”符合此处语境；且they与little benefits在意义上相呼应。故选B。
第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节 完形填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to____21____on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I____22____myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was____23____at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of____24____, my worries had gone. Everyone was so friendly and like-minded that it was very____25____to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day____26____. We had to____27____everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a____28____way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to build a stairway out of rock. This____29____climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never seen.
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The_____30_____of knowing that my work will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were _____31_____in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to_____32_____. I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only_____33_____part of my tent.
Needless to say, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I_____34_____. I think I am much_____35_____for having taken part in the project.
21. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
22. A. imagined B. introduced C. engaged D. found
23. A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited
24. A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking
25. A. funny B. complex C. lucky D. easy
26. A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course
27. A. drop B. make C. carry D. buy
28. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick
29. A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant
30. A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention
31. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated
32. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing
33. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft
34. A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered
35. A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier
【答案】21. D 22. D 23. C 24. A 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文，叙述了作者进行志愿者活动的经历和感受。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始在互联网上研究，发现了“志愿者美国。”A. calculate计算；B. negotiate协商；C. advertise广告；D. research研究。根据“on the Internet”及“discovered Volunteer USA”可知，作者在网上研究关于志愿者组织的信息。故选D项。
22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己坐上了飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机。A. imagined想象；B. introduced介绍；C. engaged参与；D. found发现。根据“Three months later I____2____myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona.”可知，在发现Volunteer USA之后三个月，作者就动身了，即，发现自己在飞往目的地的飞机上。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到要和一群陌生人一起生活三个月，我就很害怕。A. annoyed烦恼的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. excited激动的。根据“living with loads of new people for three months”可知，作者知道要和许多陌生人一起度过三个月时，内心很害怕。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，在到达后不到十五分钟，我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving到达；B. sleeping睡觉；C. thinking思考；D. walking走路。根据“Everyone was so friendly and like-minded that it was very____5____to feel at home.”可知，到达后十五分钟，作者在与大家交流中发现与他们志趣相投，打消了顾虑。故选A项。
【25题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都很友好，志趣相投，很容易就有了宾至如归的感觉。A. funny有趣的；B. complex复杂的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。根据“Everyone was so friendly and like-minded”可知，每个人都很友好，且志趣相投，很容易有了宾至如归的感觉。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗纳多国家森林进行我的第一个为期8天的项目。A. tour旅行；B. project项目；C. campaign运动；D. course课程。根据“We had to____7____everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked.”可知，作者被派往科罗纳多国家森林进行第一个为期8天的项目。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不得不带上所有需要的东西，步行三英里去工作地点。A. drop掉落；B. make制作；C. carry携带；D. buy买。根据“everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked”可知，去工作地点要带上需要的东西。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这似乎不是一段很长的路，但在35摄氏度的高温下，再加上沉重的背包，我的腿像是着火了。A. nice美好的；B. safe安全的；C. long长的；D. quick快的。根据“three miles”可知，三英里的步行距离并不是很长。故选C项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着要在山狮居住的山坡上爬上爬下，尽管我应该说，它们只能被听到，从没有被看到。A. helped帮助；B. ended结束；C. allowed允许；D. meant意味着。根据前一句“My job was to build a stairway out of rock.”可知，This表明，本句是对前一句工作内容的解释和补充。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将在那片山上出现多年，我感到非常满足。A. satisfaction满足；B. ambition野心；C. expectation期待；D. intention意图。根据“Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being.”可知，作者知道自己建造的石梯会在山上存在很久，内心十分满足。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但在最后一个晚上，我们遇上了雷雨。A. left离开；B. caught遭遇（暴风雨）；C. attacked攻击；D. separated分离。根据“a thunderstorm”可知，作者在最后一个晚上遭遇了雷雨。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：温度接近冰点。A. boiling沸腾的；B. average平均的；C. normal正常的；D. freezing极冷的。根据下文“trembling”可知，温度很低，作者很冷。故选D项。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不得不在帐篷里唯一干燥的地方颤抖了整整一夜。A. tidy整洁的；B. dry干燥的；C. new新的；D. soft柔软的。根据“find a swimming pool in my tent”可知，作者的帐篷湿透了，只能待在唯一干燥的地方。故选B项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我知道，无论在生命中将要面对什么，我都在那里，我挺过来了。A. survived继续存活；B. resisted抵抗；C. escaped逃离；D. recovered恢复。根据“I was there”可知，无论面对什么， 作者都在那里并且存活下来了。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我认为参加了这个项目后，我变得更坚强了。A. smarter更聪明的；B. stronger更坚强的；C. happier更开心的；D. busier更忙碌的。根据“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I____14____.”可知，在志愿者经历后，作者更坚强了。故选B项。
第二节 语法填空 (共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Aircraft designer Gu Songfen and nuclear expert Wang Dazhong ____36____ (award) the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, China's top science honor, on Wednesday.
They received the prize for their outstanding contributions to ____37____ (science) and technological innovation during the National Science and Technology Award Conference at the Great Hall of the People in Beijing.
Born in 1930, Gu is a respected aircraft designer, founder of aircraft aerodynamic design and an aviation strategy scientist. He established the country's aircraft aerodynamic design system, pioneered the independent development of fighter aircraft, and ____38____ (continue) to carry out aviation strategic research, ____39____ made a significant contribution to China's aviation science and technology.
Gu now serves as ____40____ senior consultant at the Aviation Industry Corporation of China and as honorary dean of the Chinese Aeronautical Establishment.
Born in 1935, Wang is a ____41____ (distinguish) scholar and strategic scientist in international nuclear energy. He has been committed ____42____ developing advanced nuclear energy systems with inherent safety ____43____ (feature). He has helped China make great leaps in the development of high-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology, ____44____ (lay) an important foundation for the country to step into the forefront _____45_____ ( global) in the field of advanced nuclear energy.
【答案】36. were awarded
37. scientific
38. continued
39. which 40. a
41. distinguished
42. to 43. features
44. laying 45. globally
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍飞机设计师顾诵芬和专家王大中的事迹。他们因此获得了国家杰出科学技术奖。
【36题详解】
考查时态语态。句意：飞机设计师顾颂芬和核专家王大中于星期三被授予了国家杰出科学技术奖这一国家科学领域最高荣誉称号。分析句子成分可知award在句中作谓语，根据on Wednesday可知时态为一般过去时，主语Gu Songfen and Wang Dazhong和谓语award为被动关系且为复数。故填were awarded。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在北京人民大会堂举办的国家科学技术颁奖大会中，他们因在科学技术创新领域作出的突出贡献而获此奖项。 science和technological是两个并列定语，修饰名词innovation，形容词修饰名词。故填scientific。
【38题详解】
考查时态。句意：他建立了我国飞机空气动力学设计体系，率先自主研制战斗机，并继续开展航空战略研究，为我国航空科技事业做出了重大贡献。根据上文He established可知为一般过去时。故填continued。
【39题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他建立了我国飞机空气动力学设计体系，率先自主研制战斗机，并继续开展航空战略研究，为我国航空科技事业做出了重大贡献。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词aviation strategic research，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词which。故填which。
【40题详解】
考查冠词。句意：顾现为中国航空工业集团公司高级顾问，中国航空工业协会名誉会长。consultant为可数名词，此处表泛指应用不定冠词，且senior是发音以辅音音素开头的单词应用a。故填a。
【41题详解】
考查形容词。句意：王大中出生于1935年，在国际核能源领域是一名杰出的学者和战略科学家。修饰名词scholar应用形容词distinguished，作定语。故填distinguished。
【42题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：他一直致力于开发具有固有安全特性的先进核能系统。结合句意表示“致力于”可知短语为be committed to。故填to。
【43题详解】
考查名词的数。句意：他一直致力于开发具有固有安全特性的先进核能系统。feature为可数名词，前文没有冠词应用复数形式。故填features。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他帮助中国在高温气冷堆技术的发展上取得了巨大的飞跃，为中国在先进核能领域走在世界前列奠定了重要基础。分析句子成分可知lay在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语构成主动关系，故用现在分词。故填laying。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：他帮助中国在高温气冷堆技术的发展上取得了巨大的飞跃，为中国在先进核能领域走在世界前列奠定了重要基础。此处修饰动词应用副词globally。故填globally。
第四部分 写作(共三节，满分40分)
第一节 英汉互译(共5小题，每题1分，满分5分)
46. With their chins on their hands, they occupy themselves by staring out of the window or up at the ceiling.(英译汉)
【答案】他们双手托着下巴，眼睛盯着窗外或天花板。
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子可知，句中含有with的复合结构，在句中作状语，意为“他们双手托着下巴”，occupy oneself意为“忙于（做某事）”，“staring out of the window”意为“盯着窗外”，or“或者”表示选择关系，“ceiling”意为“天花板”，故本句可译为：他们双手托着下巴，眼睛盯着窗外或天花板。
47. Today, it is estimated that about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China is comprised of crops generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains. (英译汉)
【答案】据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。
【解析】
【详解】考查句子结构。分析句子可知，本句使用it作形式主语，that引导从句作真正的主语，today译为“现在”，it is estimated that表示“据估算”，that从句中主语about 60 percent of domestic rice consumption in China译为“中国国内消费的稻米的大约60%”，be comprised of表示“由……组成”，后接介词of的宾语crops“作物”，generated from Yuan’s hybrid strains译为“源于袁隆平的杂交水稻品种”，作后置定语修饰名词crops。故翻译为：据估算，现在中国国内消费的稻米有大约60%来自袁隆平的杂交水稻品种形成的作物。
48. It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.（英译汉）
【答案】该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和状语从句。It seemed that…为固定句型，意为“似乎”；the woman意为“该妇女”；liked意为“喜欢”；the water from the pump意为“从水泵抽上来的水”；so…that…为固定句型，意为“如此……以至于……”；much意为“非常”；she had it delivered to her house every day.意为“每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来”，have sth. done为固定用法，delivered为过去分词作宾语补足语。故翻译成：该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。
49. 他发现学术机构纷纷对他关上了大门。(find+宾语+宾补) (汉译英)
【答案】He found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型、形容词、名词、过去分词。表示“他发现某事物如何”用find+宾语+宾补类型的固定句型；表示“学术机构的大门”用the doors of academic institutions，作find的宾语；表示“发现学术机构纷纷对他关上了大门”用find the doors of academic institutions closed to him，因“doors”与“close”之间是被动关系，故用close的过去分词形式作宾语补足语；句首单词首字母用大写；事情已发生，故用一般过去时。故翻译为He found the doors of academic institutions closed to him.
50. 无法分辨是早晨还是晚上。(动词-ing作主语)(汉译英)
【答案】Telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词作主语。句子描述现在的一般情况，应用一般现在时，“分辨”可使用动词tell，“是早晨还是晚上”使用whether引导从句，作tell的宾语，即whether it is morning or night，使用动名词短语telling whether it is morning or night作句子主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，be动词使用is，“不可能的”译为impossible，作句子表语。故翻译为Telling whether it is morning or night is impossible.
第二节 应用文写作(满分15分)
51. 假定你是李华，是校志愿者项目Sunshine Action的负责人。你校来自英国的交换生Jack发来邮件表示对该项目很感兴趣，请给他回一封邮件作个简单介绍，内容包括：
1.项目目的；
2.活动内容；
3.报名方式。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】One possible version:
Dear Jack,
Glad to learn you’re interested in our Sunshine Action project, I’m writing to introduce some information about it.
The original intention of the project is to involve more people in our voluntary activities and spread warm love like sunshine. Once admitted, you’ll have the opportunities to experience various activities, including charity sales, visiting nursing homes, doing cleaning for the community and some environmental protection activities, which are usually carried out on weekends and holidays.
If you want to join us, please sign up on the school website or send your application form to our office in Room 101. Looking forward to your participation!
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给来自英国的交换生jack写一封关于校志愿者项目Sunshine Action的回信，对项目做简单介绍。
【详解】1.词汇积累
①机会：opportunities → chances
②举办、实施：carried out → held
③目的：intention → purpose
④不同的：various→ different kinds of
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Glad to learn you’re interested in our Sunshine Action project I’m writing to introduce some information about it.
拓展句：Because I know you’re interested in our Sunshine Action project, I’m writing to introduce some information about it.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Once admitted, you’ll have the opportunities to experience various activities, including charity sales, visiting nursing homes, doing cleaning for the community and some environmental protection activities, which are usually carried out on weekends and holidays. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】If you want to join us, please sign up on the school website or send your application form to our office in Room 101.（运用了if引导条件状语从句）
第三节 读后续写(满分20分)
52. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I grew up in a small town where elementary school was a ten-minute walk from my house and in an age, not so long ago, when we children could go home for lunch and find our mothers waiting. At the time, I didn’t consider this to be so important, although today it certainly would be. Actually, our lunch time together in the past years had had a great influence on my life before I realized it.
Our lunch time when I was in the third grade will stay with me always. I had been picked to be the princess in the school play, and for weeks my mother had painstakingly practised my lines with me. But no matter how easily I delivered them at home, as soon as I stepped onstage, every word disappeared from my head. Finally, my teacher took me aside. She explained patiently that she needed a narrator and had written a narrator’s part to the play, and asked me to switch roles. Her words, kindly delivered, still hurt me, especially when I saw my part go to another girl.
I didn’t tell my mother what had happened when I went home for lunch that day. But she sensed my unease, and instead of suggesting we practice my lines, she asked if I wanted to walk in the yard. It was a lovely spring day and the rose vine (藤) was turning green. Under the huge trees, we could see yellow dandelions (蒲公英) appearing unexpectedly through the grass in bunches, as if a painter had touched our landscape with small amounts of gold. I watched my mother casually bend down by one of the bushes. “I think I’m going to dig up all these weeds,” she said, pulling a blossom up by all its roots. “From now on, we’ll have roses in this garden.” I immediately protested, “But I like dandelions. All flowers are beautiful—even dandelions.”
注意：
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
“Do you mean that every flower has its own beauty?” asked my mother thoughtfully.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” Mom said.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Paragraph 1:
“Do you mean that every flower has its own beauty?” asked my mother thoughtfully. I nodded without hesitation, as if a second wasted could deprive the dandelions of their life. “The same to you,” she added, her voice soft. “Not everyone can be a rose, and it is also an honour to be a dandelion.” Knowing that my mother had realized my pain, I took off the mask that I had worn for the whole lunch time and poured out my unease heartily. “I want to be the beautiful princess but now I was chosen as a narrator.” She listened to me patiently and patted me on the back tenderly.
Paragraph 2:
“But you will be a beautiful narrator,” Mom said. She reminded me of how fluently I could deliver my part at home. It was at that time that I understood that maybe I was more suitable for a role back stage like a narrator. From then on, I practiced my lines heart and soul with my mother at lunch time for weeks. And the performance approached ultimately. Standing backstage, nervousness came flooding in me. What encouraged me to overcome it was the inspiration from the beautiful yellow dandelions. The performance that night was eventually a big success. Hearing the thunderous applause, I took pride in my role and firmly believed that even a dandelion had its own beauty.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在小学三年级的时候被选中为校园剧里的公主，但上台的时候因为忘记台词，因此角色被换成了旁白，作者内心受伤。后来作者的母亲察觉到了作者的不安，于是建议让她去院子里拔除院子里的野草改种玫瑰，但是作者反对这么做。因为作者认为蒲公英同样美丽。因此作者也明白了其中的道理，野草和玫瑰各有各的美丽，无论哪一个角色，都会有自己的重要性。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“你是说每朵花都有自己的美吗？我母亲若有所思地问道。”可知，第一段可描写作者的母亲听了作者的诉苦，并且温柔地安慰了作者。
②由第二段首句内容“但你会成为一个美丽的旁白者，妈妈说。”可知，第二段可描写作者受到了母亲的鼓励之后，这给了作者自信，因此作者认真练习旁白。并且最终表演成功。
2.续写线索：回家吃午饭对我的影响——被选中为校园剧的公主——角色被换成旁白——内心受伤——母亲察觉并安慰和鼓励——表演成功——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.察觉我的痛苦：realize my pain/understand my disappointment
②.克服困难：overcome the difficulty/settle out the difficulty
③.自豪：take pride in/be proud of
情绪类
①.耐心地倾听：listen to sb patiently/ listen to sb with great patience
②.紧张：nervousness came flooding in /a sense of nervousness welled up
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Knowing that my mother had realized my pain, I took off the mask that I had worn for the whole lunch time and poured out my unease heartily. （句中使用现在分词作原因状语）
[高分句型2]. What encouraged me to overcome it was the inspiration from the beautiful yellow dandelions. （由what引导的主语从句）
听力答案：1.C 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.A 7.C 8.A 9.C 10.C
11.B 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.B 17.A 18.B 19.A 20.C
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