所属成套资源:2023中考语法专题冲刺通用版(含答案)
2023中考三大从句专题冲刺——宾从、状从、定从(含答案)
展开2023中考三大从句专题冲刺——宾从、状从、定从(含答案)【考点一. 宾语从句】 在主句中作宾语的句子叫宾语从句,中考对宾语从句的考查主要在于宾语从句的语序、连接词和时态。 1. 宾语从句的语序——陈述句语序 【小练】1. 一Do you know ? 一Yes, of course. It will be hosted by Beijing and Zhangjiakou. A. how will he the 2022 Winter Olympics B. which city will host the 2022 Winter Olympics C. when will be the next Winter Olympics D. where will be the next Winter Olympics 【答案】B 【解析】句意:—— 你知道哪座城市将举办2022年冬季奥运会吗?——当然知道。将由北京和 张家口举办。宾语从句要用陈述语序。故选B。 2.—Could you please tell me ________? —Well, I always write e-mails to my pen pals. A. how do you learn Chinese B. what is your pen pal's hobby C. what do you do after class D. how you improve your writing 【答案】D 【解析】宾语从句语用陈述语序,故排除A、B和C,故选D。 2. 宾语从句连接词的选择 宾语从句连接词的选择可从两个方面把握:一是连接词在从句中作不做成分,如果作成分,作什么成 分;二是连接词在从句中有无意义,有何意义。详见下表: 另外,语境和答语也是判断宾语从句连接词的依据。【小练】1 .The children said _______ they _______ themselves very much . A .if; enjoy B .why; enjoyed C .what; enjoy D .that; enjoyed 【答案】D 【解析】句意:孩子们说他们玩得很开心。said后是一个宾语从句,连接词在从句中不作成 分,也没有意义,应用that引导。 2. —Listen! It is still noisy in the head teacher’s office. —Go and see ________ they have finished correcting the papers yet. A. that B. whether C. when D. how 【答案】B 【解析】答句句意:去看看他们把卷子改完没有。连接词在句中不作成分,表示是否,故用 whether引导宾语从句。 3. —Could you tell me _________ she is looking for? —Her cousin, Susan. A. that B. whose C .who D. which 【答案】C 【解析】连接词在宾语从句中作宾语,排除A、B;由答语Her cousin, susan.可知,应用who引导 宾语从句。 4. It’s up to you to decide _______ you’ll go there, by air or by road. A. how B. why C. that D. when 【答案】A 【解析】句意:坐飞机还是坐船你自己决定。由后面的by air or by road可知,是表示方式,故 用how引导宾语从句。 5. —Excuse me,I wonder___________. 一Yes, it’s near the bookstore. A. where we will go for the holiday B. if there is a lost and found office C. when she will give me a call D. how we can go to Hong Kong【答案】B 【解析】题干是个人物对话,连接词根据答语来确定。结合答语中“yes”可知宾语从句应该以if 或whether引导。故选B。句意:——劳驾,我想知道是否有失物招领处? 6. Everyone plays an important part in society. As members, we should try our best to do ______ to make the world better and better. A. what we should do B. what should we do C. how we should do 【答案】A 【解析】句意:在社会上,人人都起着重要作用。作为成员,我们应该尽最大努力去做我们应 该作的,使我们的世界越来越美好。宾语从句由“疑问词+陈述语序”,所以排除B;what we should do我们应该做什么;how we should do我们应该怎么做。分析句意可知,我们应最大努力 做我们应该做的,来建设我们的世界,故选A。 3. 宾语从句的时态如果题干是人物对话,则答语也是判断宾语从句时态的依据之一。 另外,因为宾语从句表示将来要用一般将来时,而状语从句表示将来要用一般现在时,所以要注意把宾语从句和状语从句区分开来,如果从句性质判断错了,答案自然就错了。 【小练】1. —Judy, could you tell me ________ the schoolbag. —Oh, yes. I bought it in a store on the Internet. A. where did you buy B. where will you buy C. where you bought D. where you will buy 【答案】C 【解析】宾语从句要用陈述句语序,因此排除A和B;由答语的时态可知,应用一般过去时,故选C。 2. Charlie finally told me ___________. A. why he was angry with me B. what he will do this weekend C. who did he play volleyball with D. when does he get to school 【答案】A 【解析】宾语从句用陈述句语序,排除C和D;主句谓语动词是一般过去时,宾语从句应用相应的过去时态,由此排除B。故选A。 *3. I don’t know if Eric _______ this Sunday. If he _____ here, I’ll call you at once. A. will come; will come B. come; comes C. comes; will come D. will come; comes 【答案】D 【解析】句意:我不知道这周日Eric会不会来。如果他来这儿,我立刻给你打电话。第一个if引导宾语从句,由时间状语this Sunday可知,指将来的动作,应用一般将来时;第二个if引导条件状语从句,要用一般现在时表将来。 *4. I don't know when he ________ back. Please tell me when he ________ back. A. comes; comes B. comes; will come C. will come; comes 【答案】C 【解析】第一个when引导宾语从句,指将来的动作,应用一般将来时;第二个when引导时间状语从句,要用一般现在时表将来。 【考点二. 状语从句】考生在做状语从句的试题时,应多多注意主句与从句时态一致的问题: 在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,主句和从句之间的时态一致问题一般分为下列几种情况: 1.主现从现:若主句是祈使句或主句中有情态动词, 那么从句用一般现在时表将来。 如:Be careful when you cross the road. 过马路时要小心。 You can get good grades if you study hard. 如果你努力学习,你将取得好成绩。 2.主将从现:在时间、条件状语从句中,主句用一般将来时, 从句用一般现在时表将来 如:If she comes here tomorrow, I will go to the park with her. 明天她来这里, 我将和她一起去公园。 3.过去时态:若主从句都是叙述过去的事情, 则主从句可以用一般过去时或过去进行时。 如:Mother was cooking when I got home yesterday. 昨天我到家时妈妈正在做饭。 注意:不能同时出现在一个句子中的连词: (1)because 因为,引导原因状语从句,so 所以,用于并列句,不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。 如:Because he was tired, he couldn't walk here.=He was tired, so he couldn't walk here. 因为他累了,所以不能走到这了。 (2)(al)though, 虽然,引导让步状语从句, but但是,用于并列句,不能同时出现在一个句子里,只能用其一。 如:Though he was tired, he still worked hard.=He was tired, but he still worked hard. 虽然他很累,但是他仍然努力工作。 【考点三. 定语从句】在主句中作定语的句子叫定语从句。引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词,关系词分为关系代词指和关系副词。中考对于定语从句的考查主要在于关系词的选择和定语从句中的主谓一致。 1. 关系代词who, whom, which, that, whose引导定语从句 定语从句对关系词的考查主要是关系代词指,关系代词主要有who, whom, which, that和whose。关系代词指的选择可以从两个方面入手,一是作用,二是先行词所指。详见下表:【小练】1. We should look up to those scientists sent Tianzhou-1 Cargo Spaceship (天舟一号货运飞船) to space. A. which B. who C. what 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我们应该仰慕那些把天舟一号货运飞船送上太空的科学家。引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,应用关系代词;先行词those scientists指人,故选B。 2. Have you heard about the TV program Reader _____ is very popular now? A. which B. who C. where 【答案】A 【解析】引导定语从句,并在从句中作主语,先行次词the TV program Reader指物,故选A。句意:你听过朗读者这个目前很受欢迎的电视节目吗? 3. I’d like to tell you about the table manners ________ you should know when you visit France. A. which B. who C. what D. how 【答案】A 【解析】引导定语从句,并在从句中作know的宾语。先行词table manners指物,故选A。句意:我想告诉你当你参观法国时你应该熟知的餐桌礼仪。2. 定语从句中的主谓一致问题 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,便涉及到主谓一致的问题。定语从句的谓语动词与其先行词在人称和数上要保持一致。因此,准确辨识先行词是解决这一问题的关键。 【小练】1. Alice prefers stories that _____short and funny. A. are B. is C. was D. were【答案】A 【解析】句意:爱丽丝喜欢短而有趣的故事。首先确定句子为一般现在时,先行词stories为复数,be动词用are,故选A。 2. My cousin is a boy __________ lots of trouble to his parents. A. who bring B. which brings C. who brings D. that bring 【答案】C 【解析】句意:我的表弟是一个把问题带给父母的男孩儿。引导定语从句,先行词boy指人,关系代词应用who,故排除B、D项,且boy为单数,谓语动词应用单数。故选C。