河南省洛阳市普高联考2022-2023学年高三英语上学期测评卷（三）（Word版附解析）

这是一份河南省洛阳市普高联考2022-2023学年高三英语上学期测评卷（三）（Word版附解析），共22页。

普高联考2022-2023学年高三测评(三)
英语
注意事项:
1. 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。
3. 考试结束后, 将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共5小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分7. 5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后, 你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. How does the woman feel about the journey?
A. It’s relaxing. B. It’s wonderful. C. It’s disappointing.
2. Which program will be shown after the football match?
A. The news. B. The cartoon. C. A food program.
3. Where does this conversation take place?
A On a ship. B. On a train. C. On a plane.
4. What’s the probable relationship between the speakers?
A. Guide and visitor. B. Teacher and student. C. Manager and saleswoman.
5. What does the woman mean?
A. She can’t find her notes.
B. It is no use reading the notes.
C. Mr Smith didn’t come today.
第二节(共15小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分22. 5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题, 从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项, 并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前, 你将有时间阅读各个小题, 每小题5秒钟; 听完后, 各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料, 回答第6至7题。
6. What did the man give to the woman?
A. His new address. B. His new phone number. C. His key to the apartment.
7. What can we learn about the man’s old apartment?
A. The rent was too high. B. It was near his office. C. The neighbors weren’t friendly.
听第7段材料, 回答第8至9题。
8. What day is it today?
A. Wednesday. B. Thursday. C. Friday.
9. What is the man going to do next?
A. Wait for his watch. B. Talk to the manager. C. Go to another store.
听第8段材料, 回答第10至12题。
10. What did the speakers talk about last week?
A. Western music. B. Daily work. C. Name cards.
11. Why does the man offer the woman his card?
A. To get her contact details.
B. To stop discussing with her.
C. To meet up with her.
12. What do we know about the man?
A. He lost the woman’s card.
B. He forgot the woman’s name.
C. He didn’t recognise the woman.
听第9段材料, 回答第13至16题。
13. What will the speakers do on Saturday?
A. Go hiking. B. Go to the English club. C. Go to a bookstore.
14. When will Beth’s play be on?
A. On Tuesday. B. On Wednesday. C. On Thursday.
15. Where will the charity show be held?
A. In the hospital. B. In the country park. C. On the school playground.
16. What does the woman suggest doing on Friday?
A. Going to the hospital. B. Doing some charity work. C. Watching a football game.
听第10段材料, 回答第17至20题。
17. What’s the weather like now?
A. Rainy. B. Snowy. C. Sunny.
18. How long will they spend on walking?
A. More than 6 hours. B. Only 6 hours. C. Less than 6 hours.
19. What should be avoided taking tomorrow?
A. A map. B. A camera. C. A whistle.
20. What should they do now?
A. Go to dinner. B. Go to sleep. C. Go to school.
第二部分 阅读理解(共两节, 满分40分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题2分, 满分30分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
On July 27, 2022, ahead of the PLA’s 95th birthday, Chinese president Xi presented the August 1 Medal to three military service members who have made outstanding contributions. Let’s meet three of them.
Qian Qihu
Qian Qihu, 85, a scientist at the Chinese Academy of Engineering, has made major contributions to building a series of defense facilities located deep inside mountains. Qian described his work as the“Underground Steel Great Wall” that can guarantee the security of China. Even though Qian has retired, he hasn’t stopped working. He actively advises on the construction of the Sichuan-Tibet Railway. “ Though I’m a over 80, I feel that I still have a lot of things to do, ” he said.
Nie Haisheng
In 2021, Nie Haisheng worked as commander of the Shenzhou XII mission, becoming the first member to live and work in China’s Tiangong space station for three months. He won the title of “hero astronaut” after Shenzhou VI mission. With 1, 480 hours of flight time, he became a first- grade pilot and joined the country’s first team of astronauts in 1998. He spent countless hours training hard to prepare to fly to space. He got a doctoral degree in 2021. “You’re never too old to learn, ” the 57-year-old said.
Du Fuguo
On Oct 11, 2018, demining soldier Du Fuguo and his teammates were doing a mine clearance in Yunnan. Suddenly, a grenade(手榴弹) exploded. Du managed to protect his teammates, but he lost his hands and eyes forever. Du was an excellent demining soldier, who volunteered to join the China-Vietnam border mine clearance mission in 2015. He was so talented that he had mastered more than 10 different ways to remove bombs within three months.
1. Which of the following words can best describe Nie according to the passage?
A. Hardworking and strong-willed. B. Professional and creative.
C. Loyal and modest. D. Considerate and outgoing.
2. What can we know about Du Fuguo?
A. Du is a soldier who removed grenades only.
B. Du lost his hands and eyes forever in Vietnam.
C. Du joined the China-Vietnam border mine clearance mission four years ago.
D. Du mastered many ways to remove bombs in a short time.
3. What do the three men have in common?
A. They are all soldiers of the PLA Air Force.
B. They all successfully saved their partners.
C. They all make outstanding contributions in their area.
D. They are all studying for their doctor’s degree.
【答案】1. A 2. D 3. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了“八一勋章”的三位获得者。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据Nie Haisheng 部分中“He spent countless hours training hard to prepare to fly to space. (他花了无数小时刻苦训练，准备飞向太空。)”可知，他是工作勤劳的；同时根据该部分中“He got a doctoral degree in 2021. “You’re never too old to learn, ” the 57-year-old said.(他于2021年获得博士学位。“活到老，学到老，”57岁的他说。)”可知，不论年龄多大，他坚持学习，可以体现出他是意志坚定的。故选A。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Du Fuguo 部分中“He was so talented that he had mastered more than 10 different ways to remove bombs within three months.(他才华横溢，在三个月内就掌握了10多种不同的拆除炸弹的方法。)”可知，他才华横溢，在很短的时间内就掌握了10多种拆除炸弹的方法。故选D。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段中“the August 1 Medal to three military service members who have made outstanding contributions. (八·一勋章授予三名做出突出贡献的军人。)”可知，文中这三位“八一勋章”获得者的共同点是，他们都是在各自领域做出突出贡献的军人。故选C。
B
China came in second place overall after losing to the USA 83 -61 in the FIBA Women’s Basketball World Cup final on Saturday in Sydney, Australia. It was like history repeated itself because 28 years ago, in 1994, China finished the World Championship with silver medals in Australia as well. On the way to the top stage, they defeated traditional women’s basketball powerhouses including France and Australia.
Actually, the road to the success was quite tough. On the one hand, Chinese top scorer Li Meng, who suffered from a fever, was absent from the final. Earlier in the group stage, China lost to the United States 77 -63, when Li scored 21 points, more than anyone else on the court. On the other hand, the aggressiveness of competitors produced 13 steals for USA and forced 19 turnovers out of China. Moreover, there was always a defender following Han Xu closely to stand in the passing route between Han and her teammates. It was very difficult for the Chinese guard to pass the ball out against such defense, not to mention to feed Han for an open shot.
Faced with challenges, girls didn’t give up. They worked together to compete against the “powerhouse”. Li Yueru led China with 19 points and 12 rebounds, which made Li the first double-double in a World Cup final since 2013. Meanwhile, Chinese player Wu Tongtong scored 13 points before being helped off the court with a leg injury.
“We tried our best to win today. Though we didn’t make it, we feel that we showed our best and hope to get better results in the future, ”Li told Xinhua.
Saturday’s loss was not the best result for China, but it could be a good lesson for their players, head coach Zheng Wei and every other involved with Chinese basketball development to learn so they can do better in the future.
4. What is the main purpose of Paragraph 2?
A. To introduce the challenges they faced.
B. To introduce how to overcome difficulties.
C To tell readers how to play basketball.
D. To state how to develop the strategy for the basketball competition.
5. What can we learn about Li Yueru?
A. She scored 21 points in the final.
B. She became the first double-double in1 a World Cup final since 2013.
C. She was absent from the final because of the fever.
D. She was the biggest fan of shooting 3-pointers.
6. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Patience is the mother of good luck.
B. Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm.
C. Continuous efforts - not strength or intelligence - is the key to unlocking our potential.
D. Success is not measured by the position you reach in life but the difficulties you overcome.
7. Where does this text probably come from?
A. An advertisement. B. A news report.
C. A magazine. D. A sports brochure.
【答案】4. A 5. B 6. D 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍的是周六，在澳大利亚悉尼举行的国际篮联女篮世界杯决赛中，中国队以83 -61负于美国队，排名第二。
【4题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Actually, the road to the success was quite tough.(事实上，通往成功的道路是相当艰难的。) ”以及“On the one hand, Chinese top scorer Li Meng, who suffered from a fever, was absent from the final. Earlier in the group stage, China lost to the United States 77 -63, when Li scored 21 points, more than anyone else on the court. On the other hand, the aggressiveness of competitors produced 13 steals for USA and forced 19 turnovers out of China. Moreover, there was always a defender following Han Xu closely to stand in the passing route between Han and her teammates.(一方面，中国的头号射手李孟因为发烧而缺席了决赛。在此前的小组赛中，中国队以77 -63不敌美国队，当时李娜得到21分，比场上任何人都多。另一方面，竞争对手的侵略性为美国队创造了13次抢断，迫使中国队出现19次失误。而且，在韩旭和队友之间的传球路线上，总有一名防守队员紧紧跟着韩旭。)”可知，本段讲述的是中国女排在通往成功的道路上所面临的的各种困难。故选A。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“Li Yueru led China with 19 points and 12 rebounds, which made Li the first double-double in a World Cup final since 2013.(李月汝以19分和12个篮板领衔中国队，这使李成为自2013年以来世界杯决赛中的第一个两双。)”可知，李成为自2013年以来世界杯决赛中的第一个两双。故选B。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Faced with challenges, girls didn’t give up. They worked together to compete against the “powerhouse”. (面对挑战，女孩们没有放弃。他们一起与“强国”竞争。)”以及倒数第二段中“We tried our best to win today. Though we didn’t make it, we feel that we showed our best and hope to get better results in the future.( 我们今天尽了最大努力去赢。虽然我们没有成功，但我们觉得我们已经尽了最大的努力，希望在未来取得更好的成绩。)”以及最后一段中“Saturday’s loss was not the best result for China, but it could be a good lesson for their players.(周六的失利对中国队来说不是最好的结果，但对他们的球员来说可能是一个很好的教训。)”可知，周六的失利对中国队来说不是最好的结果，但对他们的球员来说可能是一个很好的教训，虽然中国女篮负于美国队，排名第二，但是她们取得的成绩不是以名次来衡量的，而是用克服的困难来衡量的。故选D。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文，文章介绍的是周六，在澳大利亚悉尼举行的国际篮联女篮世界杯决赛中，中国队以83 -61负于美国队，排名第二。文章介绍的是该新闻事实，故可以推断文章出自于一篇新闻报道。故选B。
C
We are all aware of the effect greenhouse gas emissions are having on our planet and the efforts needed to tackle climate change. Most of us are doing our bit to minimize our impact on the environment, but despite our overall effort, are we doing enough to achieve net zero by 2050?
Net zero means not increasing the amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Many countries are doing their bit by changing how they generate andI use power, thereby cutting carbon dioxide output.
In the UK, the government has been setting out its plans to achieve net zero by 2050. It’s recently announced an end date for the sale of gas boilers, which are used for heating homes. The idea is to replace them with heat pumps. It’s offering homeowners grants of up to £ 5, 000 to get them installed. Another movement in the UK is a big push towards electric vehicles. There will be financial incentives (动机) for car manufacturers, and more charging points are to be installed (安 装) in streets. And there will be a prohibition on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars by 2030.
But not all emissions can be reduced to zero, so the remaining emissions will have to be compensated for, or offset. One way to do this is to plant thousands of trees, which are good at absorbing carbon dioxide. The UK government has pledged to the citizens to plant 30, 000 hectares of trees a year by 2025.
Whether the UK, or anyone else, can reach net zero remains to be seen. And there’s some doubt about how this can be accurately measured anyway. But it’s generally recognized that a global effort is needed to tackle climate change. Therefore, net zero targets only make sense if every other country is moving in the same direction.
8. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?
A. Net zero means removing the greenhouse gases from the atmosphere thoroughly.
B. British will cease using gas boilers.
C. Every homeowner will receive £ 5, 000 for installing gas boilers.
D. The UK government has persuaded all British to buy electric vehicles.
9. What does the underlined word “pledged” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. guaranteed B. planned C. announced D. started
10. According to the passage, which measure maybe ineffective for achieving Net Zero Targets?
A. Replace gas boilers with heat pumps.
B. Popularize electric vehicles.
C. Plant thousands of trees.
D. Sell new petrol and diesel cars.
11. Which of the following is the best title for this passage?
A. UK — the Pioneer of Net Zero Targets
B. Unavoidable Impact of Climate Change
C. Joint Effort Is Essential to Achieve Net Zero Targets
D. The Ways to Achieve Net Zero Targets
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. D 11. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，文章介绍了英国政府为了实现“净零排放”而制定了一些计划。但是对于该目标的实现，全球共同努力才是关键。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“It’s recently announced an end date for the sale of gas boilers, which are used for heating homes.(最近，政府宣布了用于家庭供暖的燃气锅炉的销售终止日期)”可知，英国将停止使用燃气锅炉。故选B。
【9题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“to plant 30, 000 hectares of trees a year by 2025(到2025年，每年要种植3万公顷的树木)”可知，英国政府为了降低减排，将会种植成千上万棵树，由此英国政府向民众承诺每年要种植3万公顷的树木。故划线词与guarantee为近义词，意为“保证，承诺”。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中“ And there will be a prohibition on the sale of new petrol and diesel cars by 2030.(到2030年，英国将禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车)”可知，为了实现净零目标英国将禁止销售新的汽油和柴油汽车，由此推知，与之相反的措施：销售新的汽油和柴油汽车，可能会让实现净零目标无效。故选D。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，文章介绍了英国政府为了实现“净零排放”而制定了一些计划，结合最后一段中“ But it’s generally recognized that a global effort is needed to tackle climate change. Therefore, net zero targets only make sense if every other country is moving in the same direction.(但人们普遍认为，应对气候变化需要全球努力。因此，净零目标只有在其他所有国家都朝着同一个方向前进的情况下才有意义)”可知，真正实现这一计划，需要全球的共同努力。故C选项“Joint Effort Is Essential to Achieve Net Zero Targets(共同努力是实现净零目标的关键)”是文章最佳标题。故选C。
D
What are the things that scare you: snakes, spiders or frightening crawlies? Or maybe you have a fear of heights or visiting the dentist. Although some of us just get scared or a bit nervous about these things, for others it can cause a ridiculous reaction that can’t be controlled - something we call a phobia. It occurs when someone develops an extreme or unrealistic sense of danger about a situation or object.
Sometimes it’s good to be aware of the possible dangers from things. Our brain warns us about the risks that might lie ahead, but then we often assess the risks and overcome them. Clinical psychologist Warren Man told the BBC, “Our fears are hard-wired into our brains - we don’t need to learn to be afraid of animals like snakes or spiders.” But phobias are stronger than just fears. Warren says, “An area called the amygdala in the brain is recognizing a threat and preparing your body for fight or flight.” With a phobia, your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat, there’s more glucose (葡萄糖) in your blood, increasing your energy, and your brain is unable to control these reactions.
But where does a phobia come from? Lauren Rosenberg, a fear and phobia expert, says, “Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a higher authority, like a parent or teacher, or something you have learnt from your own experience, or an injury from a past event that comes back to haunt you. ”
There are many different complex phobias some people suffer from, such as agoraphobia - caused by being away from home for too long, social-phobia-feeling anxious in social situations, and iatrophobia-fear of doctors. But how can they be overcome? Cognitive behavioral therapy is one option, where you gradually get used to whatever you fear. Lauren Rosenburg says she likes to work with people to clear their subconscious memory and help them breathe. But if you do have a phobia, continually trying to avoid what you’re afraid of is likely to make the situation worse, so it’s a good idea to find help to overcome it.
12. Which is true according to Warren’s words?
A. Phobias are stronger than fears.
B. Fear is a hard reaction to something scary.
C. Phobias can cause irrational and uncontrolled reactions.
D. Amygdala plays an crucial role in the process of developing a phobia.
13. According to Lauren Rosenberg, who is most likely to develop a phobia?
A. Tom who has taken in too much glucose.
B. Jackson who saw a movie about harms in the school last week.
C. Mary living with her respectable mother that has a social-phobia.
D. Lily, once bitten by a dog, who still adores dogs.
14. For a person with agoraphobia, which will make him anxious?
A. Visiting a dentist.
B. Studying at a boarding school.
C. Staying in a room without any light.
D. Playing pirate ship with best friends.
15. What is the best way to treat phobias?
A. Avoiding what you are afraid of.
B. Disconnecting from everyone around.
C. Seeking professionals’ assistance.
D. Communicating with people who have similar problems.
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了什么是恐惧症，同时文章指出，针对恐惧症，不断地试图逃避所害怕的东西可能会让情况变得更糟，所以寻求帮助来克服它是解决问题的关键。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“With a phobia, your breathing gets quicker, your pulse speeds up, you sweat, there’s more glucose (葡萄糖) in your blood, increasing your energy, and your brain is unable to control these reactions.(患有恐惧症时，你的呼吸加快，脉搏加快，出汗，血液中葡萄糖含量增加，你的能量增加，而你的大脑无法控制这些反应。)”可知，患有恐惧症时，你会呼吸加快，脉搏加快，出汗，血液中葡萄糖含量增加，你的能量增加，而你的大脑无法控制这些反应，即恐惧症会导致非理性和不受控制的反应。故选C。
【13题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段中“Phobias usually are a copy behaviour from a higher authority, like a parent or teacher, or something you have learnt from your own experience, or an injury from a past event that comes back to haunt you. (恐惧症通常是模仿更高权威的行为，比如父母或老师，或者你从自己的经历中学到的东西，或者过去事件中受到的伤害，这些伤害会回过头来困扰你。)”可知，过去事件中受到的伤害，这些伤害会回过头来困扰你，由此造成恐惧症。D选项“Lily, once bitten by a dog, who still adores dogs.(莉莉，曾经被狗咬过，现在还很喜欢狗。)”可知，莉莉在过去的事件中被狗咬过，受到伤害，故有可能会得恐惧症。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第一段中“There are many different complex phobias some people suffer from, such as agoraphobia - caused by being away from home for too long, social-phobia-feeling anxious in social situations, and iatrophobia-fear of doctors. (有些人患有许多不同的复杂恐惧症，比如广场恐惧症——由于长时间离开家而引起的，社交恐惧症——在社交场合感到焦虑，以及医生恐惧症——害怕医生。)”可知，agoraphobia该种类别的恐惧症是由于长时间离开家而引起的。B选项“Studying at a boarding school.(在寄宿学校学习。)”可知，在寄宿制学校学习则会长时间离家，容易形成agoraphobia这种类别的恐惧症。故选B。
【15题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段中“But if you do have a phobia, continually trying to avoid what you’re afraid of is likely to make the situation worse, so it’s a good idea to find help to overcome it.(但如果你确实有恐惧症，不断地试图逃避你所害怕的东西可能会让情况变得更糟，所以寻求帮助来克服它是个好主意。)”可知，解决恐惧症最好的方法不是逃避，而是寻求帮助来克服它。C选项“Seeking professionals’ assistance.(寻求专业的帮助)”与文中的find help相呼应。故选C。
第二节(共5小题; 每小题2分, 满分10分)
根据短文内容, 从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
As the saying goes, time waits for no man. Time is always against us, and we just can’t stop it. ___16___But if timekeeping is not what you’re good at, don’t stress. There might be a good reason for your lateness.
___17___ Some people always watch the clock and make sure they always arrive on time for a meeting. It is, after all, rude to be late. But if, like me, you want to make every second count, you might try to squeeze as much as you can into the time you have. However, when your schedule doesn’t run according to plan, you will certainly be late for next step.
People who lack promptness(准时) have been described as “time bender”. Author Grace Pacie told the BBC that “They’re the people who don’t want to be late, but they have a strange resistance to being early, and they don’t allow enough time. ___18___”
Perceptions of unpunctual people are almost always negative - even if sometimes wrong. Writing for the BBC, Laura Clarke says, “___19___ It could be your type. The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics, such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a tendency for thrill-seeking. ” It is also possible that people are late to avoid the anxious wait for others to turn up.
Maybe us latecomers should make more effort and follow the advice I heard to not “try” to be on time but “decide” to be on time. I know if a meeting or a deadline really matters, then I’ll be there on time. ___20___
A. Being consistently late might not be your fault.
B. It is your fault to be late for meeting while others are waiting for you.
C. Otherwise relax, even if others are blaming me.
D. They assume their journey will always go smoothly, and the train will always be on time.
E. Usually, a small amount of lateness is acceptable.
F Maybe that’s why some of us are always running late for appointments.
G. People’s attitudes to being on time vary.
【答案】16. F 17. G 18. D 19. A 20. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章介绍了人们迟到的原因并建议人们轻松面对这类问题。
【16题详解】
根据空前的“As the saying goes, time waits for no man. Time is always against us, and we just can’t stop it.(俗话说，时不我待。时间总是和我们作对，我们就是无法阻止它。)”可知，此处强调的是时间总是与我们作对，设空处应该指出由此产生的结果。F选项“Maybe that’s why some of us are always running late for appointments.(也许这就是为什么我们中的一些人约会总是迟到的原因。)”符合语境，上下文是因果关系，解释了我们总是与会迟到的原因，即我们无法阻止时间。故选F。
【17题详解】
根据后文的“Some people always watch the clock and make sure they always arrive on time for a meeting. (有些人总是看时钟，以确保他们总是准时到达会议。)”以及后文的“But if, like me, you want to make every second count, you might try to squeeze as much as you can into the time you have.(但如果像我一样,你想让每一秒都有,你可能会试图尽可能多地挤出你所拥有的时间。)”可知，本段强调的是人们对于准时的态度是不同的。G选项“People’s attitudes to being on time vary.(人们对准时的态度各不相同。)”符合语境，引起下文。故选G。
【18题详解】
根据本段段首“People who lack promptness(准时) have been described as “time bender”. (缺乏准时的人被称为“不守时的人”。)”可知，本段是围绕“不守时的人”展开的。结合上文“Author Grace Pacie told the BBC that “They’re the people who don’t want to be late, but they have a strange resistance to being early, and they don’t allow enough time.(作家格蕾丝·帕西在接受BBC采访时表示:“他们是那种不想迟到的人，但他们对提前有一种奇怪的抗拒，他们不给自己足够的时间。)”介绍不守时的人的行为，D选项“They assume their journey will always go smoothly, and the train will always be on time.(他们认为他们的旅程会一直顺利，火车会一直准点。)”对“不守时的人”进一步介绍，承接前文。故选D。
【19题详解】
根据后文“It could be your type. The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics, such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety, or a tendency for thrill-seeking.(它可能是你的特征。不守时的人通常有共同的性格特征，比如乐观、自控能力差、焦虑或寻求刺激的倾向。)”可知，此处强调“不守时”可能本身就是你自己固有的特征，经常迟到可能不是你的错。故A选项“Being consistently late might not be your fault. (经常迟到可能不是你的错。)”引起下文解释原因，符合语境。故选A。
【20题详解】
根据前文“Maybe us latecomers should make more effort and follow the advice I heard to not “try” to be on time but “decide” to be on time. I(也许我们这些迟到的人应该更努力，听从我听到的建议，不要“试图”准时，而是“决定”准时。)”以及“I know if a meeting or a deadline really matters, then I’ll be there on time. (我知道如果一个会议或最后期限真的很重要，那么我就会准时到场。)”可知，如果一个会议真的很重要，我们应该要“决定”准时，而不是“试图”准时，即一定要准时到场。但是对于其他情况即使有人指责你，你也可以放轻松，随意对待。故C选项“Otherwise relax, even if others are blaming me.(否则就放松，即使别人都在指责我。)”符合语境，与前文是转折关系，介绍了两个方面。otherwise是关键词。故选C。
第三部分 语言知识运用(共两节, 满分45分)
第一节(共20小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分30分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中, 选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
European Space Agency astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti is back on Earth after spending five and a half months in orbit on the International Space Station (ISS). The Italian___21___ much attention in China after she ___22___ some classic Chinese poems on social media with a view of the Chinese capital from space.
That view ___23___ Cristoforetti to dive into the Chinese classics as the ISS flew over parts of China. She quoted 4th-century poet Wang Xizhi’s Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion:
“Looking up, I see the immensity of the cosmos; bowing my head, I look at the multitude of the world. The gaze flies, the heart expands, the joy of the senses can reach its peak, and indeed, this is true happiness.” The text was ___24___ by photos of China taken from the space station.
Her ___25___spacecraft splashed down off the coast of Florida. After a medical check, she was flown to a military base in Germany, where CGTN Europe asked why she ___26___ that particular poem and if she was aware of the ___27___ it had gained.
“I have a good friend, an Italian who has lived in China for 30 years—a sinologist, very ___28___about Chinese literature.” she smiled, “he suggested that to me, and it sounded like a good ___29___ . So unfortunately, I cannot take credit for choosing it—but for choosing a smart friend.”
It is hoped that ESA astronauts will _____30_____ their Chinese counterparts for joint_____31_____at some point in the future. With Cristoforetti having laid some groundwork for that, ESA Director General Josef Aschbacher was full of _____32_____for her—and positive about the _____33_____ spirit of space exploration.
“She speaks very well in Chinese, and this post has shown that she can do this very well,” he told CGTN. “Space is _____34_____ . There is no way to put a _____35_____ in space—the space station, the satellites, they fly around the Earth, they _____36_____ boundaries, cultures, religions and different divides. I think this is something that we should _____37_____: Space is above everything. _____38_____ there may be many _____39_____between nations on Earth, in space, cooperation is _____40_____.”
21. A. signed up B. picked up C. used up D. packed up
22. A. recited B. expressed C. illustrated D. quoted
23. A. inspired B. insulted C. indicated D. interpreted
24. A. accepted B. acknowledged C. accompanied D. followed
25. A. departure B. return C. recovery D. delivery
26. A. wrote B. required C. chose D. published
27. A. interest B. attention C. effort D. result
28. A. knowledgeable B. shallow C. common D. eager
29. A. possession B. adaptation C. passage D. example
30. A. feed up with B. put up with C. come up with D. team up with
31. A. strengths B. credits C. expectations D. missions
32. A. praise B. criticism C. comment D. substance
33. A. conflicted B. divided C. united D. separated
34. A. vast B. international C. individual D. limitless
35. A. boundary B. extreme C. extent D. principle
36. A. bridge B. cross C. shorten D. minimize
37. A. remember B. remind C. trust D. ignore
38. A. Until B. When C. Upon D. While
39. A. competitors B. subjects C. issues D. opportunities
40. A. related B. weak C. necessary D. typical
【答案】21. B 22. D 23. A 24. C 25. B 26. C 27. B 28. A 29. C 30. D 31. D 32. A 33. C 34. B 35. A 36. B 37. A 38. D 39. C 40. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了意大利欧洲航天局女宇航员Samantha Cristoforetti，藉由千年之前的王羲之的名句，骋目抒怀，表达她俯瞰寰宇时飞扬的心绪。同时文章表达了中国航天员也将与外国航天员一道，共同为人类探索宇宙奥秘、推动构建人类命运共同体作出更大贡献。
【21题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：这位意大利人在社交媒体上，从太空中，通过引用了一些中国经典诗歌，配图中国首都景色，在中国引起了广泛关注。A. signed up报名；B. picked up引起；C. used up用光；D. packed up打包。根据后文的“much attention in China ”可知，此处表示“引起了广泛的关注”。故选B。
【22题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这位意大利人在社交媒体上，从太空中，通过引用了一些中国经典诗歌，配图中国首都景色，在中国引起了广泛关注。A. recited复述；B. expressed表达；C. illustrated说明，阐述；D. quoted引用。根据后文“She quoted 4th-century poet Wang Xizhi’s Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion”可知，她引用了一些中国经典诗歌。故选D。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当国际空间站飞越中国部分地区时，这一景色激发Cristoforetti对中国经典的钻研。A. inspired激发；B. insulted侮辱，冒犯；C. indicated暗示，表明；D. interpreted解释，说明。根据后文的“dive into the Chinese classics”可知，这一景色激发了Cristoforetti对中国经典的钻研，以至于她引用王羲之的名句。故选A。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：文字附有从空间站拍摄的中国照片。A. accepted接受；B. acknowledged承认；C. accompanied伴随，附着；D. followed跟随。根据前文“some classic Chinese poems on social media with a view of the Chinese capital from space”的内容，可知古诗词是附在照片旁边的。故选C。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的返程飞船降落在佛罗里达海岸。A. departure分离；B. return回来；C. recovery恢复；D. delivery运输。根据第一句“European Space Agency astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti is back on Earth after spending five and a half months in orbit on the International Space Station.”可知，欧洲航天局宇航员Cristoforetti在国际空间站轨道上待了五个半月后返回地球，此处是指返程的宇宙飞船降落在佛罗里达海岸。故选B。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在体检后，她被空运到德国的一个军事基地，中国国际电视台欧洲频道问她为什么选择了这首诗，她是否意识到这首诗引起了广泛关注。A. wrote写；B. required要求；C. chose选择；D. published出版。根据前文“The text was ___4___ by photos of China taken from the space station.”可知，Cristoforetti选择引用王羲之的经典文章来表达自己的感受，故中国国际电视台欧洲频道应该询问她为什么选择这首古诗 。故选C。
【27题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在体检后，她被空运到德国的一个军事基地，中国国际电视台欧洲频道问她为什么选择了这首诗，她是否意识到这首诗引起了广泛关注。A. interest兴趣；B. attention注意力；C. effort努力；D. result结果。根据前文“The Italian ___1___ much attention in China”可知，此处表示中国国际电视台欧洲频道询问她是否意识到这首诗引起了广泛关注。故选B。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我有一个好朋友，他是意大利人，在中国生活了30年，是一位汉学家，对中国文学非常了解。A. knowledgeable知识渊博的；B. shallow浅的；C. common常见的；D. eager渴望的。根据前文“who has lived in China for 30 years—a sinologist”可知，可知她的这位朋友对中国文学非常了解，是知识渊博的。故选A。
29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：他建议我选这个诗句，这个选段非常不错。A. possession拥有；B. adaptation改编；C. passage段落；D. example例子。根据前文“She quoted 4th-century poet Wang Xizhi’s Preface to Poems Composed at the Orchid Pavilion”和“Looking up, I see the immensity of the cosmos; bowing my head, I look at the multitude of the world...”可知，Cristoforetti接受朋友的意见，选择引用王羲之的经典文章段落。故选C。
【30题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：欧洲航天局的宇航员有望在未来的某个时候与中国同行合作执行联合任务。A. feed up with吃饱，厌烦；B. put up with忍受；C. come up with提出；D. team up with合作。根据后文的“joint”可知，此处强调欧洲航天局的宇航员有望在未来的某个时候与中国同行合作。故选D。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：欧洲航天局的宇航员有望在未来的某个时候与中国同行合作执行联合任务。A. strengths力量，强项；B. credits信誉，信用；C. expectations期待，预料；D. missions任务。此处强调“执行联合任务”。故选D。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于Cristoforetti已经为此打下了一些基础，欧洲航天局总干事约瑟夫·阿施巴赫对她大加赞扬，并对太空探索的团结精神持积极态度。A. praise赞美，表扬；B. criticism批评；C. comment评论；D. substance物质。根据前文的“With Cristoforetti having laid some groundwork for that”和下文“She speaks very well in Chinese, and this post has shown that she can do this very well”可知，欧洲航天局总干事约瑟夫·阿施巴赫对她大加赞扬。故选A。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：由于Cristoforetti已经为此打下了一些基础，欧洲航天局总干事约瑟夫·阿施巴赫对她大加赞扬，并对太空探索的团结精神持积极态度。A. conflicted因心理冲突而不知所措的；B. divided分裂的；C. united团结的，联合的；D. separated分居的。根据前文“It is hoped that ESA astronauts will ____10____ their Chinese counterparts for joint ____11____ at some point in the future.”可知，此处表示对太空探索的团结精神持积极态度。故选C。
【34题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：太空是国际性。A. vast巨大的；B. international国际的；C. individual个体的；D. limitless无限的。根据后文“they ____16____ boundaries, cultures, religions and different divides.”可知，太空是国际的，是全世界的。故选B。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在太空中没有办法划定边界——空间站、卫星，它们绕着地球飞行，它们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。A. boundary界限；B. extreme极端；C. extent程度；D. principle原则。根据上文和后文的“they ____16____ boundaries, cultures, religions and different divides.”可知，太空是国际的，在太空中没有办法划定边界的。故选A。
【36题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在太空中没有办法划定边界——空间站、卫星，它们绕着地球飞行，它们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。A. bridge搭建（桥梁）；B. cross跨越；C. shorten缩短；D. minimize缩小。根据前文“Space is ____14____ ”可知，在太空中没有办法划定边界，空间站、卫星绕着地球飞行，它们跨越国界、文化、宗教和不同的鸿沟。故选B。
【37题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为我们应该记住这一点：太空高于一切。A. remember记住；B. remind提醒；C. trust信任；D. ignore忽视。根据后文“Space is above everything.”可知，我们应该记住：太空高于一切。故选A。
【38题详解】
考查连词词义辨析。句意：虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，但在太空中，合作是必要的。A. Until直到；B. When当……时候；C. Upon一……就……；D. While虽然。前后两句构成让步关系，此处表示“虽然”。故选D。
【39题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，但在太空中，合作是必要的。A. competitors竞争者；B. subjects科目；C. issues问题；D. opportunities机会。根据后文“between nations on Earth”可知，虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，但在太空中，合作是必要的。A. related相关的；B. weak虚弱的；C. necessary必要的，必不可少的；D. typical典型的。根据前文“cooperation”可知，虽然地球上的国家之间可能有很多问题，合作是必不可少的。故选C。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is easy to get carried away in ___41___ argument. While ___42___(have) a reasonable conversation with someone who has a different opinion might seems like a challenge, it is possible. One way is to approach the other person___43___understanding. The Empathy (共鸣) Challenge is an exercise ___44___ (create) by Zoe Chance, senior lecturer at the Yale School of Management. At Yale, Chanice teaches a course called “Mastering Influence and Persuasion” where students learn to communicate___45___(effective).
In her blog, Chance explains ___46___ is important to listen to people who disagree with you. “As they explain their position, you listen for their hidden values. Finally, you look for common ground as you reflect those values back. That’s it. ”
Chance first took this challenge herself before asking her students to try. As she couldn’t understand why many people preferred ___47___(vote) for Donald Trump, she found three Trump’s voters and spoke with them.
Through asking questions, Chance was able to understand them and realize they had similar feelings. One man, an Orthodox Jew, ___48___ (explain) that he supported Trump because Trump’s daughter and son-in-law are Jewish. The next man was a Russian immigrant eager for freedom. The third was a lawyer ___49___ believed that honesty was important to political leaders.
Although Chance and those people had different political ____50____(belief), they were able to relate to the life values of others. And that’s the point of the exercise -to understand others as fellow human beings.
【答案】41. an 42. having
43. with 44. created
45. effectively 46. it
47. to vote
48. explained
49. who##that
50. beliefs
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，文章讲述了虽然与持有不同意见的人进行理性对话似乎是一种挑战，但是有一种方法可以走进对方即同理心，这就是尊重不同的观点或立场。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：在争论中很容易失去理智。分析句子，句中argument意为“争论”为名词，此处表示泛指，设空处应该使用冠词，argument的发音是元音音素开头。故填an。
【42题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然与持不同意见的人进行合理的对话似乎是一种挑战，但这是可能的。分析句子，设空处应该使用have的动名词形式having作让步状语从句的主语。故填having。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：一种方法是用理解来接近对方。分析句子，设空处应该使用介词与空后understanding构成介词短语，此处表示“用”介词使用with。故填with。
【44题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：同理心挑战是由耶鲁大学管理学院高级讲师佐伊·钱尼斯发起的一项练习。分析句子，设空处应该使用非谓语都能歌词作后置定语，逻辑主语exercise与create之间为被动关系，应用过去分词。故填created。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：在耶鲁大学，钱尼斯教授一门名为“掌握影响力和说服”的课程，让学生学习有效沟通。分析句子，设空处应该使用effective的副词effectively作状语，修饰动词communicate，意为“有效地”。故填effectively。
【46题详解】
考查代词。句意：在她的博客中，钱尼斯解释说，倾听那些不同意你的人是很重要的。分析句子，设空处应该使用it作形式主语，真正的主语为to listen。故填it。
【47题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：由于她不明白为什么很多人更愿意投票给唐纳德·特朗普，她找到了三个特朗普的选民，并与他们交谈。句中prefer to do为固定短语，意为“更喜欢做某事”。故填to vote。
【48题详解】
考查动词。句意：一名正统犹太人解释说，他支持川普是因为川普的女儿和女婿是犹太人。分析句子，设空为主句谓语动词，此处表示过去事实，故使用一般过去时。故填explained。
【49题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：第三位是一位律师，他认为诚实对政治领导人很重要。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，先行词是lawyer，为人，使用关系代词who或者that。故填who/that。
【50题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然吉斯和那些人有不同的政治信仰，但他们能够理解他人的人生价值观。分析句子，设空处应该使用名词作宾语。根据文中different可知，此处belief应该使用复数形式。belief意为“信念，信条”，其复数为beliefs。故填beliefs。
第四部分 写作(共两节, 满分35分)
第一节 短文改错(共10小题; 每小题1分, 满分10分)
51. 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文, 请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误, 每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改增加: 在缺词处加一个漏字符号(＾), 并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除: 把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。
修改: 在错的词下划一横线, 并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意: 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处, 多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last year I had visited the historical university town of Cambridge. Everyone knows University of Cambridge is one of a best universities in the world, and few people know its unique system. It was different from what I had expected! 31 colleges are in the town that students live, study and use leisure facility. This is why, when applied to University of Cambridge, applicants take great care to select the right college for themselves. For visitors, many places are worth visiting. If you are enthusiastic classics, I would recommend visiting museums as part of your trip. There is a museum designing for showing almost everything you can think of, including physically sciences, art and classics. You would be able to bury you in the academic atmosphere and appreciate the wonderful exhibits each museum offers.
【答案】1. 删除had 2. a→ the 3. and→ but 4. that→ where 5. facility→ facilities
6.applied→applying 7.classics 前添加about 8. designing→ designed 9.physically→physical 10. you→ yourself
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者去年参观剑桥大学城的所感所想。
【详解】1.考查动词。句意：去年我参观了历史悠久的剑桥大学城。句中last year表示动作发生在过去，故使用一般过去时。故将had删除。
2.考查冠词。句意：人人都知道剑桥大学是世界上最好的大学之一，但很少有人知道它独特的体系。句中best为最高级，前面应该使用定冠词the。故将a改为the。
3.考查连词。句意：同上。此处前后两句构成转折关系，故将and改为but。
4.考查定语从句。句意：这和我预想的不一样！大学城内有31所学院，在这里学生居住、学习和使用休闲设施。分析句子，此处应该使用where引导定语从句，在从句中做地点状语。故将that改为where。
5.考查名词。句意：同上。分析句子，句中facility为名词，意为“设施”其为可数名词，此处表示复数意义，故用复数形式。故将facility改为facilities。
6.考查非谓语动词。句意：这就是为什么在申请剑桥大学时，申请人会非常谨慎地为自己选择合适的学院。分析句子，此处构成状语从句的省略结构，applicants与apply之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作伴随状语。故将applied改为applying。
7.考查固定短语。句意：如果你热衷于古典文学，我建议你在旅行中参观博物馆。句中be enthusiastic about sth为固定短语，意为“对……充满热情”。故在classics 前添加about。
8.考查非谓语动词。句意：这里有一个博物馆，几乎可以展示你能想到的一切，包括物理科学、艺术和经典。分析句子，句中应该使用design的过去分词作后置定语，表示“被设计”。故将designing改为designed。
9.考查副词。句意：同上。句中应该使用physical的形容词作定语，修饰名词。physical science意为“自然科学”。故将physically改为physical。
10.考查反身代词。句意：同上。句中bury oneself in sth意为“使某人自己沉浸于”，应该使用反身代词。故将you改为yourself。
第二节 书面表达(满分25分)
52. 假如你是李华, 最近中国的电热毯、睡袋等冬季必需品在欧洲各国销售火爆, 你的英国朋友Jack给你发邮件表达了他对电热毯的喜爱, 并询问使用的注意事项, 请你给他回一封邮件。内容包括:
1. 感谢他对“神器”的喜爱; 2. 介绍使用注意事项; 3. 欢迎他尝试其他中国保暖神器。
注意: 1. 词数100左右; 2. 可以适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
电热毯: electric blankets; 电热水壶: electric kettles;
可穿戴睡袋: wearable sleeping bags; 保暖内衣: thermal underwear
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jack,
I recently learned that Chinese winter necessities such as electric blankets and sleeping bags are very popular in European countries. I am very grateful to you for your interest in these items. Here is what I want to tell you.
First, when using electric blankets, make sure you use them during the day. If you are using it at night, don’t forget to turn it off to avoid causing a fire. Second, if the electric blanket is dirty, you can only use a brush to scrub, and do not use the hand rub in case of the hot wire broken. Third, do not smoke in bed while using electric blankets.
Sincerely, I hope my suggestions will be helpful to you. At the same time, I also welcome you to try other Chinese wearable sleeping bags, electric kettles, thermal underwear, etc.
Yours
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给英国朋友Jack写信告知他使用电热毯的注意事项。同时欢迎他尝试其他中国保暖神器。
【详解】1.词汇积累
首先：first → first of all
其次：second→ in addition
建议：suggestion→ advice
诚挚的：sincerely→ genuinely
2句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Here is what I want to tell you.
拓展句：Here are the matters that I want to tell you.
【点睛】【高分句型1】First, when using electric blankets, make sure you use them during the day.（运用了状语从句省略结构）
【高分句型2】Second, if the electric blanket is dirty, you can only use a brush to scrub, and do not use the hand rub in case of the hot wire broken.（运用了if引导的条件状语从句）