初中英语语法非谓语动词
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非谓语动词
非谓语动词在句zhi1中不能作谓语。非谓语动词是中考考点之一，主要考查动词不定式和动词-ing形式。
动词不定式
考点一：作宾语。
1. 后跟动词不定式(短语)作宾语的动词(短语)有agree, afford, ask, choose, decide, expect, fail, fear, help, hope, learn, manage, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, promise, refuse, want, wish, try one’s best等。
2. “疑问词+动词不定式”在句中可以作宾语。
【考例链接】单项选择
( )1.—Please stay with me this weekend.
—I’m sorry, but my father and I planned _______ Beijing a long time ago.
A. visit
B. visiting
C. to visit
D. visited
( )2.In his e-mail, David promised _______ his daughter during her stay in Japan.
A. visiting
B. visit
C. visited
D. to visit
考点二：动词不定式的否定结构由not+动词不定式构成。
考点三：作宾语补足语。
1. 一些动词后常跟动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语，这类动词有allow, advise, ask, call, encourage, expect, force, get, help, invite, need, order, remind, teach, tell, train, want, warn等。
2. 使役动词(如make, let, have等)及感官动词(如see, feel, hear, watch, notice等)后跟动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语时须省略to，但在变为被动语态时要加上to。
注意：make sb. done表示“使某人被……”。
have sth. done表示“让 / 叫 / 使 / 请别人做某事”。
【考例链接】单项选择
( )1.The teachers often tell us _______ in the river. It’s dangerous.
A. not swim
B. don’t swim
C. not swimming
D. not to swim
( )2.Miss Chen, my dear English teacher, often encourages me _______ the challenges in my study.
A. face
B. faces
C. facing
D. to face
( )3.Kids like reading stories which can make them _______.
A. laugh
B. to laugh
C. laughing
( )4.—Mr. Wang, please speak loudly in the hall to make yourself _______ while _______ are there.
—Fine, thanks for telling me about that.
A. understood, others
B. understand, other
C. understand, others
D. understanding, other
考点四：作目的状语。
动词不定式(短语)在句中可作状语，表示目的。
【考例链接】单项选择
( )1.—What should I do, doctor?
—_______ healthy, you should take more exercise.
A. Keep
B. Keeping
C. To keep
( )2.The government is setting up nature parks _______ protect pandas.
A. to help
B. help
C. helped
D. helps
( )3.He took off his expensive watch _______ the fact that he was rich.
A. to hide
B. hid
C. hide
D. hidden
( )4.—Do you always get up so early?
—Yes, _______ the first bus. My home is far away from school.
A. catch
B. to catch
C. catching
D. caught
考点五：作主语。
作主语的动词不定式(短语)如果很短，通常位于句首；如果较长，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语——动词不定式(短语)放在后面，以避免头重脚轻。
考点六：作定语。
动词不定式(短语)作定语时，常放在所修饰词之后。
考点七：在某些固定词组或句型中用不带to的动词不定式(短语)。如：had better do, used to do, be supposed to do, would rather do than do, Why not do ...?, prefer to do rather than do等。
【考例链接】单项选择
( )1.—My uncle is against wasting anything.
—No wonder he would rather _______ the old bike than _______ a new one.
A. repair; to buy
B. to repair; buy
C. repair; buy
( )2.—What a heavy rain!
—So it is. I prefer _______ rather than _______ on such a rainy day.
A. to go out, staying at home
B. staying at home, go out
C. going out, stay at home
D. to stay at home, go out
( )3.Time is limited! You’d better _______ your time any more.
A. not to waste
B. waste
C. not waste
( )4.—In my opinion, animals shouldn’t be kept for fun.
—I think so. Forests are the best places for animals _______.
A. live
B. living
C. to live
D. to live in
( )5.—Is it necessary _______ us _______ some photos before saving the old man?
—Yes, it is. We can protect ourselves if we do so.
A. of; taking
B. for; taking
C. of; to take
D. for; to take
动词-ing形式
考点一：作宾语。
在初中阶段我们需要掌握的后面跟动词-ing形式作宾语的单词或短语有：
* avoid, consider, dislike, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practice, stop, suggest (建议) 等。
* be busy, be / get used to, be worth, can’t help, end up, feel like, give up, how / what about, keep on, look forward to, pay attention to, be halfway to, put off, prefer ... to ..., be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, have fun (in), have difficulty (in), have a good time (in), spend time (in), thanks for, think about等。
考点二：作宾语补足语。
见下面“动词不定式和动词-ing形式易混点考点二”。
考点三：作主语、定语、表语。
【考例链接】单项选择
( )1.I like the TV program The Reader best. I think we should spend as much time as we can _______ in our spare time.
A. read
B. to read
C. reading
D. reads
( )2.These foreigners are practicing _______ Chinese.
A. to speak
B. speaking
C. speak
D. speaks
( )3.Hong Kong Disneyland is well worth _______.
A. to visit
B. visited
C. visit
D. visiting
( )4.—Do you have any plans for the holiday?
—Yes, I’m planning to travel to Jiuzhaigou. I’m looking forward to _______ the colourful lakes and amazing waterfalls.
A. see
B. seeing
C. sees
D. saw
( )5.—Look! There is a man _______ Taiji near the river.
—Wow! It’s my teacher, Mr. Wu.
A. perform
B. performs
C. performing
D. performed
动词不定式&动词-ing形式易混点
考点一：两种形式都可作宾语。
有些动词后作宾语的动词不定式(短语)或动词-ing 形式的含义无差异，如like, love, prefer, hate, begin, start, continue, can’t stand等。
有些动词后作宾语的两种形式含义有所不同，如：
regret to do sth. 遗憾要做某事
regret doing sth. 后悔做过某事
forget / remember to do sth. 忘记 / 记得要做某事
forget / remember doing sth. 忘记 / 记得做过某事
try to do sth. 设法做某事
try doing sth. 尝试做某事
need to do sth. 需要做某事
need doing 需要被做
mean to do sth.打算去做某事
mean doing sth. 意味着做某事
考点二：两种形式都可作宾语补足语。
感官动词(如see, watch, notice, feel, hear等) 后既可跟不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示动作的全过程；也可跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示动作正在进行。
【考例链接】单项选择
( )1.—Daniel, do you know that bees never get lost?
—Yes. Bees always remember _______ the same way as they went.
A. come back
B. came back
C. coming back
D. to come back
( )2.I saw her _______ flowers in the garden when I passed by.
A. to water
B. water
C. watering
D. watered
综合训练
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1.—My father _______ to his workplace by bus, but now he _______ there by bike.
—Really? You have an environmentally-friendly father.
A. used to go, is used to go
B. used to going, is used to go
C. is used to go, is used to going
D. used to go, is used to going
( )2.—Come and see! The baby is crying.
—Please do something to make him _______.
A. stop crying
B. stop to cry
C. crying
D. cry
( )3.We are supposed _______ some housework with our parents when we have free time.
A. to share
B. sharing
C. shared
D. share
( )4.He ran as fast as he could _______ the bus but he failed.
A. catch
B. to catch
C. caught
Ⅱ. 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空
1. To keep healthy, we should pay attention to _______ (wear) masks and washing hands.
2. We must be careful to avoid _______(make) mistakes in the exam.
3. When he heard the good news, he couldn’t help _______(jump).
4. It’s popular _______(hire) a boat and row on the Xuanwu Lake.
5. Do you mind me _______(open) the window?
6. I don’t think seeing is _______(believe).
Ⅲ. 按要求完成下列各题
1.The teachers are still talking about where they will hold the concert. (改为简单句)
The teachers are still talking about _______ _______ hold the concert.
2. 对我们来说多使用公筷很有必要。(use) (完成句子)
It’s very necessary ____________________ public chopsticks more.
参考答案
动词不定式
考点一：1-2 CD
考点二、考点三：1-4 DDAA
考点四：1-4 CAAB
考点五、考点六、考点七：
1-5 CDCDD
动词-ing形式
考点一、考点二、考点三：
1-5 CBDBC
动词不定式&动词-ing形式易混点
1-2 DC
综合训练
Ⅰ. 1-4 DAAB
Ⅱ. 1. wearing 2. making 3. jumping 4. to hire
5. opening 6. believing
Ⅲ. 1. where to 2. for us to use
